Section 2 The Church in the Middle Ages (page 67)

Part 1: The Early Medieval Period (page 68-81)

Part Review (page 82)
1. Describe the origins of monasticism, making sure to identify the key “fathers”
of monasticism.
Christian Monasticism originated in the first centuries after Christ's death in the
deserts of Egypt and Asia Minor with the Desert Fathers such as St. Anthony of
Egypt. The desert fathers grew followers who joined them in the desert, and
eventually it lead to the forming of monastic communities.

2. Describe at least three ways Western monasticism influenced the Church and
society in medieval Europe.
Monasteries preserved Western knowledge by copying manuscripts and promoting
learning through monastery schools. First, Monks developed great music, art, and
architecture. Another way they were influenced is that Monks developed techniques
in agriculture, wine production, and wool spinning, and weaving. And the last way is
that the Monasteries Christianized Europe

3. What was the area of expansion for Islam in the seventh and eighth centuries,
and what were the means?
In the seventh and eight centuries, Islam spread to include the entire Iberian
Peninsula along with Arabia and North Africa. They did this because of the army that
Muhammed created. Islam unified the conquered areas.

4. What were the consequences of the rise of Islam for the Church?
The consequences of the rise of Islam of the Church is that the Muslim religion
spread to many areas that once were Christian. Another consequence is that the
Christians had to deal with the constant threat of Muslim invaders.

5. What were some of the effects of the Pope’s appointment of Charlemagne as

Holy Roman, Emperor?
The effects were that the Charlemagne's appointment created tension between the
west and east. This was because Charlemagne was appointed in the west in Rome
and not in the east.

6. Briefly describe the Cluniac Reforms and their effect on monasticism.

The Cluniac Reforms were banning lay investiture within monasteries. This meant
that abbots were only allowed to be appointed by religious figures. They also
remained holy and prayerful in times when only a few people took the Gospels
seriously.

7. What was the investiture crisis? What were some of the negative
consequences of lay investiture for the medieval Church?
The investiture crisis was a time when secular leaders were appointing bishops and
other members of the clergy. The negative consequence is that Pope Gregory
believed that it was important for clergy to be loyal to the Church, not secular
leaders.