Disaster Preparedness

Handbook
An emergency planning
and response guide
Personal Preparedness
Prevention
Terrorism
Biological Agents
In the Community
In the Home
Weather and Nature

This publication
prepared jointly by

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%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION

Revised: January 2005

 4ABLEOF#ONTENTS
This publication
prepared jointly by

Personal Preparedness
7!3().'4/.-),)4!29$%0!24-%.4 How to Use 9-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION Preparing Your Household for Emergencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Camp Murray, Washington 98430-5122 Checklist of Emergency Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
George Crawford Visual Disabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Earthquake Program Manager
Hearing Impaired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Barbara Thurman
Public Education Program Manager Medical Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
For more information, contact EMD at: Mobility Disabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
253-512-7000 or (800) 562-6108 Helping Children After a Disaster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Or visit our Web site at
www.emd.wa.gov Accidental Poisoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Prevention
Preventing the Spread of Germs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Cover Your Cough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Terrorism
About Terrorism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
#OMMUNICATIONS/FFICE Shelter-In-Place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
PO Box 47890
Olympia, Washington 98504-7890 Bomb Threats and Bomb Threat Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
For more information, contact DOH at: Chemical Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
360-236-4027 or (800) 525-0127 Radioactive Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Or visit our Web site at
www.doh.wa.gov Biological Agents
Anthrax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Botulism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
/NTHE7EB
This publication is available electronically Pneumonic Plague . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
in English and Spanish on the Smallpox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Department of Health’s Web site at
http://www.doh.wa.gov/phepr/factsheets.htm. Tularemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Many of the individual fact sheets are also In the Community
available in Cambodian, Chinese, Korean, Methamphetamine Labs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Russian and Vietnamese at the same
Web address. In the Home
This publication also is available in English Household Fires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
on the Emergency Management Division’s Power Outages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Web site at www.emd.wa.gov.
Purifying Household Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Securing Your Water Heater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
/THER&ORMATS
7!3().'4/.
For persons with disabilities, this document
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Turning Off Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
is available on request in other formats: Using a Generator During Power Outages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
$%0!24-%.4
1-800-525-0127.
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122 Weather and Nature
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov Earthquakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108 Floods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Hot Weather Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Landslides and Mud Flows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Tsunamis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Volcanoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890 West Nile Virus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov Windstorms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
360-236-4027;
DOH (800)
Pub #750-115 525-0127
(Revised 2005) Winter Storms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
 (OWTO5SE  
Call 9-1-1 only to report a life-threatening situation requiring police,
medical or fire emergency assistance. Do not call 9-1-1 unnecessarily.
9-1-1 lines must be kept open for people with true emergencies.

7HENTOCALL   4EACHYOURCHILDREN
N To get help for someone who is hurt. THECORRECTUSEOF  
For example: N Parents should use the information on
LIf someone is seriously injured. this sheet to talk to children about how
and when to use 9-1-1. Knowing the right
L If you see someone hurt in thing to do can save lives.
an accident.
N If you see someone acting suspiciously,
stealing, or breaking into a home +EEPPHONELINESCLEAR
or building.
DURINGEMERGENCIES
N If you smell smoke or see a fire.
N During emergencies, telephone services
N If you see people fighting and hurting become overloaded. You can help keep
each other. service available for those who need
it most by making only calls that are
N If you see someone being robbed critical. Limit fax machine and computer
or beaten. use as well; their use also ties up
N If you believe emergency assistance may phone lines.
be needed but are not sure, call
9-1-1 and describe the situation.
N If you call 9-1-1 by accident, don’t hang
up. Explain what happened to the 9-1-1
call-taker.

7HENNOTTOCALL  
N Never call 9-1-1 as a joke.
N Never call 9-1-1 to ask for information.
N Never call just to see if 9-1-1
is working.

7!3().'4/. 7HATTOSAYWHENYOUCALL  
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$%0!24-%.4 N Tell the person what is wrong.
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122 N Tell the person your name, address and
telephone number.
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108 N Do not hang up until they tell you that
you should; they may have to ask you
more questions.

PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
1

7!3().'4/.
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$%0!24-%.4
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108
PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
0REPARING9OUR(OUSEHOLD
FOR%MERGENCIES
After a disaster, you and your family should be prepared to be on your
own for at least three days. Emergency response teams will be very busy
and may not be able to provide immediate care to all who need it.
Here is what you can do to protect yourself.
"EFOREDISASTERSTRIKES
N Choose a place for your family to meet
after a disaster.
N Choose a person outside the immediate
area for family members to contact in
case you get separated. This person
should live far enough away so he or she
won’t be involved in the same emergency.
N Know how to contact your children at
their school or daycare, and how to pick
them up after a disaster. Let the school
know if someone else is authorized
to pick them up. Keep your child’s
emergency release card up to date.
N Put together an emergency supply kit
for your home and workplace. If your
child’s school or daycare stores personal
emergency kits, make one for your child
to keep there.
N Know where the nearest fire and police
stations are.
N Learn your community’s warning signals,
what they sound like and what you should
do when you hear them.
N Learn first aid and CPR. Have a first aid
kit, a first aid manual and extra medicine
for family members.
N Learn how to shut off your water, gas and
electricity. Know where to find shut-off
valves and switches.
N Keep a small amount of cash available.
If the power is out, ATM machines
won’t work.
N If you have family members who don’t
speak English, prepare emergency cards
in English with their names, addresses
and information about medications or
allergies. Make sure they can find their
cards at all times.
N Conduct earthquake and fire drills every
six months.
2
N Make copies of your vital records and
store them in a safe deposit box in
another city or state. Store the originals
safely. Keep photos and videotapes of
your home and valuables in your safe
deposit box.
N Make sure family members know all the
possible ways to get out of your home.
Keep all exits clear.
N Make sure all family members agree
on an emergency plan. Give
emergency information to babysitters
or other caregivers.
$URINGANEMERGENCYORDISASTER
N Keep calm and take time to think. Give
assistance where needed.
N Listen to your radio or television for
official information and instructions.
N Use the telephone for emergency
calls only.
N If you are ordered to evacuate,
take your emergency kit and follow
official directions to a safe place or
temporary shelter.
!FTERTHEEMERGENCYOR
DISASTERISOVER
N Use caution in entering damaged
buildings and homes.
N Stay away from damaged electrical wires
and wet appliances.
N Check food and water supplies
for contamination.
N Notify your relatives that you are safe,
but don’t tie up phone lines. They may be
needed for emergency calls.
N If government disaster assistance is
available, the news media will announce
where to go to apply.

7!3().'4/.
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$%0!24-%.4
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108
PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
#HECKLISTOF$ISASTER
%MERGENCY3UPPLIES
Government agencies will respond to community disasters, but citizens may be
on their own for hours, even days, after disaster strikes. You should be prepared
to take care of yourself and your family for at least three days.
%MERGENCYSURVIVALKIT 3ANITATIONSUPPLIES
Store one of these at home, at work and at O Large plastic trash bags for trash,
each child’s school or daycare facility. water protection
O Dry or canned food and drinking water O Large trash cans
for three days (for each person)
O Bar soap and liquid detergent
O Can opener
O Shampoo
O First aid supplies and first aid book
O Toothpaste and toothbrushes
O Copies of important documents
(birth certificates, licenses, insurance O Feminine and infant supplies
policies, etc.) O Toilet paper
O “Special needs” items for family O Household bleach with no additives
members (infant formula, eye glasses,
medications, etc.) O Newspaper — to wrap garbage
and waste
O A change of clothing
#OMFORT
O Sleeping bag or blanket
O Sturdy shoes
O Battery powered radio or television
O Gloves for clearing debris
O Flashlight and extra batteries
O Tent
O Whistle
O Waterproof matches
4OOLS
O Toys, books, puzzles, games
O Ax, shovel, broom
O Extra house keys and car keys
O Crescent wrench for turning off gas
O List of contact names and
O Screwdriver, pliers, hammer
phone numbers O Coil of one-half inch rope
!DDITIONALITEMSYOUCANSTOREAT O Plastic tape and sheeting
HOMEFORUSEDURINGANEMERGENCY O Knife or razor blades
#OOKINGSUPPLIES O Garden hose for siphoning and
fire fighting
O Barbecue, camp stove, chafing dish
O Fuel for cooking (charcoal, camp stove
fuel, etc.)
O Plastic knives, forks, spoons
O Paper plates and cups
O Paper towels
O Heavy-duty aluminum foil
3
 $ISASTER4IPSFOR0EOPLE
WITH6ISUAL$ISABILITIES
The more you prepare for earthquakes or other disasters the more you
will be able to protect yourself, your family and your belongings.

#ANES 3ECURECOMPUTERS
N If you use a cane, keep extras in N Anchor special equipment and large
Developed by the strategic, consistent and secured pieces of furniture, such as computers
Independent Living locations at work, home, school, and shelving. Create a computer back-up
Resource Center, volunteer site, etc., to help you system for important data and store it off
San Francisco, maneuver around obstacles and hazards. site.
California N Keep a spare cane in your !DVOCACYISSUES
emergency kit.
N Advocate that TV news not only post
!LTERNATEMOBILITYCUES important phone numbers, but also
announce them slowly and repeat them
N If you have some vision, place security frequently for people who cannot read
lights in each room to light paths of the screen.
travel. These lights plug into electric
wall outlets and light up automatically
if there is a loss of power. They will,
depending on type, continue to operate
automatically for 1 to 6 hours and can be
turned off manually and used as a short-
lasting flashlight.
N Store high-powered flashlights with
wide beams and extra batteries.
N Plan for losing the auditory clues you
usually rely on after a major disaster.
N Service animals may become confused,
panicked, frightened or disoriented
during and after a disaster. Keep
them confined or securely leashed
or harnessed. A leash/harness is an
important item for managing a nervous
or upset animal. Be prepared to use
alternative ways to negotiate your
7!3().'4/.
-),)4!29 environment.
$%0!24-%.4
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
,ABELSUPPLIES
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122 N If helpful, mark emergency supplies with
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov large print, fluorescent tape or Braille.
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108

PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
4

Developed by the
Independent Living
Resource Center,
San Francisco,
California
7!3().'4/.
-),)4!29
$%0!24-%.4
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108
PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
$ISASTER4IPSFORTHE
(EARING)MPAIRED
This checklist will assist people who are deaf or hearing impaired
to be prepared when disasters strike.
(EARINGAIDS N Determine which broadcasting systems
will be accessible in terms of continuous
N Store hearing aid(s) in a strategic, news that will be captioned and/or
consistent and secured location so they
signed. Advocate so that television
can be found and used after a disaster. stations have a plan to secure
L For example, consider storing them emergency interpreters for on-camera
emergency duty.
in a container by your bedside, which
is attached to a nightstand or bedpost
using a string or Velcro. Missing or !LARMS
damaged hearing aids will be difficult N Install both audible alarms and visual
to replace or fix immediately after a smoke alarms. At least one should be
major disaster. battery operated.
!DVOCACY
"ATTERIES
N Recruit interpreters to be Red Cross
N Store extra batteries for hearing emergency volunteers.
aids and implants. If available, store
an extra hearing aid with your N Maintain advocacy for TV stations
emergency supplies. to broadcast all news and emergency
information in open caption format.
N Maintain TTY batteries. Consult your
manual for information. N When you travel, ensure hotels have
services for deaf and hearing-impaired
N Store extra batteries for your TTY and persons, including audible alarms.
light phone signaler. Check the owner’s Ask for them when you check in.
manual for proper battery maintenance.
#OMMUNICATION
N Determine how you will communicate
with emergency personnel if there is
no interpreter or if you don’t have your
hearing aids. Store paper and pens for
this purpose.
N Consider carrying a pre-printed copy of
important messages with you, such as:
“I speak American Sign Language (ASL)
and need an ASL interpreter,” “I do not
write or read English,” and “If you make
announcements, I will need to have them
written or signed.”
N If possible, obtain a battery-operated
television that has a decoder chip
for access to signed or captioned
emergency reports.
5

Developed by a group
of health care
professionals through a
grant from the American
Red Cross Northern
California Disaster
Preparedness Network
7!3().'4/.
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$%0!24-%.4
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108
PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
$ISASTER4IPSFOR0EOPLE
WITH-EDICAL.EEDS
In a disaster, people with special medical needs have extra concerns.
This information will help you and your family prepare for a disaster.
-EDICATIONS
N Always have at least a three-day supply
of all your medications.
N Store your medications in one location
in their original containers.
N Have a list of all of your medications:
name of medication, dose, frequency,
and the name of the prescribing doctor.
-EDICALSUPPLIES
N Have an extra three-day supply of
any medical supplies you use, such as
bandages, ostomy bags, or syringes.
%LECTRICALLYPOWERED
MEDICALEQUIPMENT
N For all medical equipment requiring
electrical power — beds, breathing
equipment, or infusion pumps —
check with your medical supply
company and get information regarding
a back-up power source, such as a
battery or generator.
/XYGENANDBREATHINGEQUIPMENT
N If you use oxygen, have an
emergency supply (enough for at
least a three-day period).
N Oxygen tanks should be securely
braced so they do not fall over.
Call your medical supply company
regarding bracing instructions.
N If you use breathing equipment, have
a three-day supply or more of tubing,
solutions, medications, etc.
6
)NTRAVENOUS)6 AND
FEEDINGTUBEEQUIPMENT
N Know if your infusion pump has
battery back-up, and how long it
would last in an emergency.
N Ask your home care provider about
manual infusion techniques in case of
a power outage.
N Have written operating instructions
attached to all equipment.
%MERGENCYBAG
N In the event that you have to leave
your home, have a bag packed at all
times that contains:
L A medication list.
L Medical supplies for at least
three days.
L Copies of vital medical papers
such as insurance cards, power of
attorney, etc.
0EOPLEWHOCANHELP
N An important part of being prepared
for a disaster is planning with family,
friends and neighbors. Know who
could walk to your home to assist you
if other means of transportation
are unavailable.
N Discuss your disaster plans with your
home health care provider.
N Ask your local fire department if
they keep a list of people with special
medical needs; ask to be included if
they do maintain a list.
N Keep a list handy of people who can
help and their phone numbers.

Developed by the
Independent Living
Resource Center,
San Francisco,
California
7!3().'4/.
-),)4!29
$%0!24-%.4
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108
PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
$ISASTER4IPSFOR0EOPLE
WITH-OBILITY$ISABILITIES
The following information will assist people with mobility disabilities
and will help make them more confident when disaster strikes.
3TORAGE N If you cannot use stairs, discuss lifting
and carrying techniques that will work
N Store emergency supplies in a pack for you. There will be instances where
or backpack attached to a walker, wheelchair users will have to leave their
wheelchair, scooter, etc.
chairs behind in order to safely evacuate
N Store needed mobility aids (canes, a structure.
crutches, walkers, wheelchairs) close N Sometimes transporting someone down
to you in a consistent, convenient and stairs is not a practical solution unless
secured location. Keep extra aids in there are at least two or more strong
several locations, if possible. people to control the chair. Therefore,
%MERGENCYSUPPLYKIT it is very important to discuss the safest
way to transport you if you need to be
N Keep a pair of heavy gloves in your carried, and alert them to any areas of
supply kit to use while wheeling or vulnerability. For example, the traditional
making your way over glass or debris. “fire fighter’s carry” may be hazardous for
some people with respiratory weakness.
N If you use a motorized wheelchair
or scooter, consider having an extra N You need to be able to give brief
battery available. A car battery can be instructions regarding how to move you.
substituted for a wheelchair battery, but
this type of battery will not last as long
as a wheelchair’s deep-cycle battery.
Check with your vendor to see if you
will be able to charge batteries by either
connecting jumper cables to a vehicle
battery or by connecting batteries to a
specific type of converter that plugs into
your vehicle’s cigarette lighter in the
event of loss of electricity.
N If your chair does not have puncture-
proof tires, keep a patch kit or can of
“seal-in-air product” to repair flat tires,
or keep an extra supply of inner tubes.
N Store a lightweight manual wheelchair,
if available.
N Arrange and secure furniture and other
items to provide paths of travel and
barrier free passages.
N If you spend time above the first floor
of a building with an elevator, plan and
practice using alternative methods of
evacuation. If needed, enlist the help of
your personal support network.
7

Children who
experience an initial
traumatic event
before they are 11
years old are three
times more likely to
develop psychological
symptoms than those
who experience their
first trauma as a
teenager or later.
Children are able
to cope better with
a traumatic event if
parents and other
adults support and
help them with their
experiences. Help
should start as soon as
possible after the event.
7!3().'4/.
-),)4!29 4HINGSPARENTSCANDO
$%0!24-%.4
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION TOHELPTHEIRCHILDREN
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108
PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
(ELPING#HILDREN!FTERA$ISASTER
It’s important to remember that some children may never show distress, while others
may not give evidence of being upset for several weeks or even months. Other children
may not show a change in behavior, but may still need your help.
#HILDRENMAYEXHIBITTHEFOLLOWING N Don’t give children more information
BEHAVIORSAFTERADISASTER
N Be upset over the loss of a favorite
toy, blanket, etc., which is important
to them.
N Change from being quiet, obedient and
caring to loud, noisy and aggressive, or
change from being outgoing to shy
and afraid.
N Develop night-time fears (nightmares,
fear of the dark or sleeping alone).
N Be afraid the event will reoccur.
N Become easily upset, crying
and whining.
N Lose trust in adults. After all, their
adults were not able to control
the disaster.
N Revert to younger behavior (bed
wetting, thumb sucking).
N Want to stay close to parents. Refuse to
go to school or day care.
N Feel they caused the disaster because of
something they said or did.
N Become afraid of wind, rain or sudden
loud noises.
N Have symptoms of illness, such as
headaches, vomiting or fever.
N Worry about where they and their
family will live.
grieve losses.
N Talk with the children about how they
are feeling. Assure them that it’s OK to
have those feelings.
N Help the children learn to use words that
express their feelings, such as “happy,”
“sad,” “angry,” etc.
N Children should not be expected to be
brave or tough. Tell them it’s OK to cry.
8
than they can handle about the disaster.
N Assure fearful children you will be
there to care for them; consistently
reassure them.
N Go back to former routines as soon as
possible. Maintain a regular schedule for
the children.
N Reassure the children that the disaster
was not their fault.
N Let the children have some control, such
as choosing clothing or what meal to
have for dinner.
N Re-establish contact with
extended family.
N Help your children learn to trust adults
again by keeping promises you make.
N Help your children regain faith in the
future by making plans.
N Get needed health care as soon
as possible.
N Spend extra time with the children
at bedtime.
N Make sure the children eat healthy meals
and get enough rest.
N Allow special privileges for a short
period of time, such as leaving the light
on when they go to bed.
N Find ways to emphasize to the children
that you love them.
N Allow the children time to
N Develop positive anniversary activities
to commemorate the event. These may
bring tears, but they are also a time to
celebrate survival and the ability to get
back to a normal life.
 !CCIDENTAL0OISONING
Poisons can be found in everyday items located in all areas of your home – kitchen, closets,
bathrooms, attic, garage, dining room, laundry room, storage areas and basements.
To help prevent accidental poisoning, follow these poison prevention tips.

0OISON0REVENTION4IPS N Note: Special care should also be taken

N Use child-resistant containers (but
remember: child-resistant containers are
not completely childproof).
N Keep potentially poisonous products in
7ASHINGTON their original containers (see below for
0OISON#ENTER product list).
TOLL
FREEHOTLINE N Place potentially poisonous products out poisons—call the Washington Poison
of reach immediately after use.


 Center at 1–800-222-1222.
N Put Mr. Yuk stickers on all poisonous
products in and around your home, and
teach children what the stickers mean.
LFor more information on Mr. Yuk—or
to order Mr. Yuk stickers—visit the
Washington Poison Center’s Web site
at: www.wapc.org
N Keep emergency numbers (including
the Washington Poison Center) next
to your phone.
-AKESURETHESEPRODUCTS
ARESTOREDSAFELY
N Prescription and over-the-counter
medications (including aspirin
and vitamins).
N Disinfectants, deodorants and
air fresheners.
N All kinds of sprays.
N Polishes and cleansing powder.
N Fertilizers and weed killers.
7!3().'4/. N Insect and rodent poison; slug bait.
-),)4!29
$%0!24-%.4 N Paint remover and turpentine.
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122 N Cosmetics.
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov N Soaps, detergents and shampoo.
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108
N Toilet bowl and drain cleaners.
with house plants as many may be
poisonous if eaten by humans or pets.
7HATTODOWHEN
SOMEONEISPOISONED
If it is a life-threatening emergency, call
9-1-1. If you suspect a possible poisoning—
or for more information on potential
Be prepared to answer the
following questions:
N What was taken? (Exact name of the
product.) Bring product container to the
phone if possible.
N When was it taken?
N How much was taken?
N Who took it? Body size makes a
big difference in determining a
poisonous dose.
N The name, condition, age and weight of
the patient.
N Address and telephone number from
where you are calling.
!BOUTTHE7ASHINGTON
0OISON#ENTER
The Washington Poison Center is a
24-hour telephone service providing
information and emergency response for
poisonings. Staffed by nurses, pharmacists
and poison information specialists —
and supported by a board-certified clinical
toxicologist — the center handles over
70,000 calls a year. To learn more, visit the
center’s Web site at www.wapc.org

N Lye and bleach.

N Kerosene and lighter fluids.
PO Box 47890 N Insect repellent.
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
N Mothballs and pesticides.
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
9
 0REVENTINGTHE3PREADOF'ERMS
Here are some simple tips that will help keep respiratory infections
and many other contageous diseases from spreading,
especially during the cough, cold and “flu” season.

Respiratory infections affect the nose,
throat and lungs; they include influenza (the
“flu”), colds, pertussis (whooping cough)
and severe acute respiratory syndrome
(SARS). The germs (viruses and bacteria)
that cause these infections are spread from
person-to-person in droplets from the nose,
throat and lungs of someone who is sick.
You can help stop the spread of these germs
by practicing “respiratory etiquette,” or
good health manners. Cover your nose
and mouth every time you sneeze, cough
or blow your nose; put used tissues in the
trash; wash your hands well and often
whenever you or someone you are close to
is sick. If you have a fever, cough or rash,
clinics and hospitals may give you a face
mask to wear in waiting areas and exam
rooms, so be prepared.
Here are some tips to help prevent spreading
your germs to others, and to avoid catching
someone else’s germs.
N If asked to, use face masks provided in
your doctor’s office or clinic’s waiting
room; follow their instructions to help
stop the spread of germs.
+EEPTHEGERMSAWAY
N Wash your hands before eating, or
touching your eyes, nose or mouth.
N Wash your hands after touching anyone
else who is sneezing, coughing, blowing
their nose, or whose nose is running.
N Don’t share things like cigarettes, towels,
lipstick, toys, or anything else that might
be contaminated with respiratory germs.
N Don’t share food, utensils or beverage
containers with others.

7!3().'4/.
-),)4!29
$%0!24-%.4
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108
PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
+EEPYOURGERMSTOYOURSELF
N Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue
when sneezing, coughing or blowing
your nose.
N Throw out used tissues in the trash as
soon as you can.
N Always wash your hands after sneezing,
blowing your nose, or coughing, or after
touching used tissues or handkerchiefs.
Wash hands often if you are sick.
N Use warm water and soap or alcohol-
based hand sanitizers to wash your hands.
N Try to stay home if you have a cough
and fever.
N See your doctor as soon as you can if you
have a cough and fever, and follow their
instructions. Take medicine as prescribed
and get lots of rest.
10
 #OVER9OUR#OUGH
#OVERYOURMOUTHANDNOSEWITHA
TISSUEWHENYOUCOUGHORSNEEZE

OR
COUGHORSNEEZEINTO
YOURUPPERSLEEVE
NOTYOURHANDS

0UTYOUR
USEDTISSUE
INTHEWASTE
BASKET

9OUMAYBEASKEDTOPUTONA
SURGICALMASKTOPROTECTOTHERS

7ASHWITHSOAP
ANDWATER

OR
CLEANWITHALCOHOL
7!3().'4/. BASEDHANDCLEANER
-),)4!29
$%0!24-%.4
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108

#LEAN9OUR(ANDS
PO Box 47890 AFTERCOUGHINGANDSNEEZING
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
11

More information on bio-
terrorism preparedness
and response is available
on the Web from the
Centers for Disease
!BOUT4ERRORISM
Terrorists look for visible targets where they can avoid detection before or after an attack,
such as international airports, large cities, major public events, resorts, and high-profile
landmarks. Preparing for terrorism is critical, just as for other types of disasters.
N Be aware of your surroundings. N Stay in your area so that you don’t kick
up dust.
N If you see what appears to be a dangerous
situation, call 9-1-1 and explain your N Cover your mouth with a handkerchief
concerns to a call-taker. The call-taker or clothing.
will help determine what actions should
be taken. N Tap on a pipe or wall so that rescuers
can locate you. Use a whistle if one is
N Take precautions when traveling. available. Shout only as a last resort
Be aware of conspicuous or unusual — shouting can cause a person to inhale
behavior. Do not accept packages from dangerous amounts of dust.
strangers. Do not leave your luggage
Control and Prevention
at www.bt.cdc.gov
This information was
taken from the Federal
Emergency Management
Administration’s fact
sheet, “Terrorism.”
7!3().'4/.
-),)4!29
$%0!24-%.4
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108
PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
unattended.
N Learn where emergency exits are located,
and how to quickly evacuate a building,
transportation corridor, or congested
public area.
N Stay clear of heavy or breakable objects
that could move, fall or break in
an explosion.
0REPAREFORBUILDINGEXPLOSION
The use of explosives by terrorists can
result in collapsed buildings and fires.
People who live or work in a multi-level
building should follow these guidelines.
N Know the emergency evacuation
procedures that are in place.
N Know where the fire exits are located,
and be able to find them in the dark.
N Keep fire extinguishers in working order.
Know where they are located and know
how to use them.
N Learn first aid and CPR.
N Keep and maintain a disaster supply kit
on each floor of the building.
)FANEXPLOSIONOCCURS
N Immediately get under a sturdy table or
desk if things are falling around you.
N Heavy smoke and poisonous gases
collect first along the ceiling. Stay below
the smoke at all times.
)FTRAPPEDINDEBRIS
N If you have a flashlight, use it to help
rescuers locate you.
12
)FTHEREISAFIREOBSERVE
THESEPROCEDURES
N Stay low to the floor and exit the building
as quickly and calmly as possible.
N Cover your nose and mouth with a wet
cloth, if possible.
N Test closed doors for heat with the palm
of your hand and forearm on the lower
and upper portions of the door. If it is
not hot, brace yourself against the door
and open it slowly. If it is hot or warm to
the touch, do not open the door. Seek an
alternate escape route.
"IOLOGICALAGENTS
N Biological agents are organisms or
toxins that may harm people, livestock
or crops. Because biological agents
cannot necessarily be detected and may
take time to grow and cause disease,
it is almost impossible to know that a
biological attack has occurred.
N If the government were to become
aware of a biological attack through an
informant or warning by terrorists, they
would most likely instruct people to
either seek shelter where they are and
seal the premises (shelter-in-place), or
evacuate immediately.
N A person affected by a biological agent
requires the immediate attention of
professional medical personnel. Some
agents are contagious, and victims may
need to be quarantined. Also, some
medical facilities may not be receiving
victims for fear of contaminating the
hospital population.
 3HELTER
IN
0LACE
Chemical agents are poisonous gases, liquids, or solids that have toxic effects on
people, animals and plants. Most chemical agents cause serious injuries or death.
Severity of injury depends on the type and amount of the chemical agent used,
and the duration of exposure.

Were a chemical agent attack to occur, authorities would instruct people to either seek shelter
where they are and seal the premises (shelter-in-place), or evacuate immediately. If the order
is to remain in your home, office or school, you will need to follow these directions for
“shelter-in-place.”

N Turn off ventilation systems

N Stay inside. N Close all windows
(heating and air-conditioning,
and doors.
fireplace dampers, etc.).

N Go into a room with the fewest doors

and windows and seal the room. N Stay in the room until told by the
authorities that it is safe to come out.

(OWTOSHELTER IN PLACE N In a chemical emergency, there is very

7!3().'4/.
-),)4!29
$%0!24-%.4
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108
PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
N Dampen towels and place over the crack
under the door.
N Cut plastic sheeting to fit over the
windows and vents. Secure the plastic
with duct tape.
N Tape around the door.
N Turn on the radio.
N Don't ventilate (air out) or leave your
sealed shelter until you are told to do so.
2EMEMBER
N If ordered to evacuate, do so immediately
and carefully follow directions. Do not
wander about; know where you are going
and how to get there.
N Avoiding chemical exposure should
be your primary goal. Leaving your
sheltered area to rescue or assist victims
can be a deadly decision.
little an untrained volunteer can do to
help victims. Stay in your sheltered area
until authorities determine it is safe to
come out.
N If you were outside before taking shelter
and think you may have been exposed to
a chemical agent, there are several things
you can do. If you are in a sealed shelter,
take off at least your outer clothes, put
them in a plastic bag and seal the bag.
If water is available, wash or take a cool
to warm (not hot) shower, using lots of
soap and water. Do not put the soap in
your eyes, just lots of water. If you leave
the area, tell emergency responders or
medical staff at your destination you may
have been exposed. Tell the emergency
responders about the sealed bag so that
they can arrange for its safe removal after
the emergency.
N If you have symptoms of exposure,
call 9-1-1 immediately and follow
their instructions.
Illustrations courtesy of ExxonMobil

13
 "OMB4HREATS
Bomb threats are usually received by telephone, but they may also be
received by note, letter or email. All bomb threats should be taken very
seriously and handled as though an explosive were in the building.

Your place of employment should have a plan in
place instructing what to do when a bomb threat
is received.
N If you receive a bomb threat, get as much
information from the caller as possible.
N Take good notes when talking to the person
on the telephone. Keep the caller on the line,
and write down everything that is said.
N Be aware of background noise, special voice
characteristics, music, machinery, etc.
N If you are at work, have a coworker call
9-1-1 and building security immediately. Plan
how you are going to alert your coworker.
N If you receive a bomb threat, do not touch any
suspicious packages.
N Clear the area around the suspicious package,
and notify police immediately.
N While evacuating a building, avoid standing
in front of windows or other potentially
hazardous areas.
N Do not restrict sidewalks or other areas used
by emergency officials.
N If you find a bomb, don’t touch it or attempt
to move it. Call for help and evacuate the
area immediately.

"OMB4HREAT#HECKLIST

Exact time of call:

7!3().'4/.
-),)4!29
$%0!24-%.4
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108
Exact words of caller:
QUESTIONS TO ASK:
1. When is the bomb going to explode?
2. Where is the bomb?
3. What does it look like?
4. What kind of bomb is it?
5. What will cause it to explode?
6. Did you place the bomb?
7. Why?
8. Where are you calling from?
9. What is your address?
10. What is your name?
CALLER'S VOICE (circle all that apply)
Calm Slow Crying Slurred If voice is familiar, whom did it sound like?
Stutter Deep Loud Broken
Giggling Accent Angry Rapid Were there any background noises?
Stressed Nasal Lisp Excited
Disguised Sincere Squeaky Normal

Remarks:
Person receiving call:
PO Box 47890 Telephone number call received on:
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Date:
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
14

IN
PLACEv
7!3().'4/.
-),)4!29
$%0!24-%.4
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108
PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
#HEMICAL!GENTS
Chemical warfare agents are gases, liquids, or solids that can poison people, animals, and
plants. Chemical warfare agents can cause injuries and death. How serious the injuries
are depends on the type of chemical, the amount, and the length of exposure.
7HATARECHEMICALAGENTS N
N The main chemical warfare agents are
sulfur mustard (mustard gas) and nerve
agents such as Sarin and VX. These agents
are typically released as a vapor or liquid.
During a chemical attack, the greatest
danger would come from breathing the
vapors. If a large amount of chemical were
released as an aerosol, people’s skin might
be exposed to the agent as droplets.
3ULFURMUSTARDSYMPTOMS
ANDTREATMENT
N Sulfur mustard can cause skin to become
red and irritated. Larger amounts will
make the skin blister.
N Sulfur mustard can damage your eyes
causing irritation, redness and swelling of
the lids.
N Breathing in sulfur mustard can cause
throat irritation, sinus pain and coughing.
Breathing in large amounts will damage
the lungs.
N If you are exposed to sulfur mustard, it
may take four to eight hours before you
feel symptoms. However, after a relatively
small exposure, symptoms may take up to
24 hours to develop.
N Medical staff can treat you with soothing
lotions, eye drops and pain medication.
If infections develop, you may be
given antibiotics.
.ERVEAGENTSSYMPTOMS
ANDTREATMENT
N A small amount of vapor can make pupils
smaller, dim or blur vision, and cause eye
pain, a runny nose or shortness of breath.
N Moderate amounts of vapor can cause
muscle weakness, nausea, vomiting
and diarrhea.
N Exposure to large amounts of vapor
can cause interruption of breathing,
muscle weakness, loss of consciousness,
convulsions and death.
N Effects usually appear seconds to minutes
after breathing the vapor of a nerve agent.
N Exposure to small amounts of vapor may
cause only smaller than normal pupils and
may take an hour to appear.
15
If you are exposed to a large amount of
a nerve agent and have a runny nose,
difficulty breathing, or nausea and
vomiting, you may be treated with the
medicines atropine or pralidoxime
7HATYOUSHOULDDOIFTHEREISA
CHEMICALATTACK
N If there is a chemical attack, authorities
will tell you either to evacuate the area
immediately, or to seek shelter. See “How
to shelter-in-place” below.
N If you have symptoms of exposure, call
9-1-1 immediately.
N If you were outside before taking shelter
and think you may have been exposed to
a chemical agent:
L Take off your outer clothes, put them
in a plastic bag and seal the bag. Tell
emergency staff about the sealed bag
so that they can remove it safely.
L Wash or take a cool shower (do not use
hot water). Use lots of soap. Do not put
soap in your eyes.
L If you leave the area, tell emergency or
medical staff at your new location that
you may have been exposed.
(OWTOhSHELTER
N Stay indoors.
N Close all windows and doors.
N Turn off heating and air-conditioning;
close all vents and fireplace dampers.
N Go to the room with the fewest doors and
windows.
N Dampen towels and place them over the
crack at the bottom of each door in the
room. Tape around the doors.
N Cut plastic sheeting to fit over the
windows and vents. Tape the plastic in
place with duct tape.
N Turn on the radio.
N Don’t air out or leave your sealed shelter
until you are told to do so. Leaving your
shelter to rescue or help victims can be
a deadly decision. There is nothing an
untrained person can do that would help
the victim of a chemical attack.

7!3().'4/.
-),)4!29
$%0!24-%.4
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108
PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
2ADIOACTIVE-ATERIALS
One possible source of radiation exposure is a “dirty bomb.” A dirty bomb is a small
explosive device packaged with radioactive materials. The explosion of this type of bomb
is more dangerous than the radioactive materials it might spread. During any event that
releases radiation, your best protection is to follow the recommendations of authorities.
3TAYINSIDE 3EEKHELPIFNEEDED
N Stay inside your home or office unless N Special assistance centers will be set
instructed by authorities to leave. Close up as soon as possible. If this hasn’t
the windows, turn off the heating or air- happened yet, go to a police or fire station
conditioning and stay near the center of located outside of the affected area.
the building. Once the initial blast is over, If you were near the explosion or believe
radioactive materials can be spread in the you were in the path of the cloud, tell the
smoke and debris in the air. By staying staff at the assistance center.
inside you will reduce any potential
exposure to airborne radioactive material. 7ATCHWHATYOUEAT
If there is a basement, go there. N Avoid drinking fresh milk or eating fruits
and vegetables grown in the affected
,ISTENTOTHERADIO
area. Wait until the Department of
N When you learn that radioactive materials Health announces that produce and dairy
have been released in an area near you— products are safe to eat and drink.
either accidentally or intentionally—tune Milk, fruit and vegetables are okay to eat
your radio to the emergency broadcasting if they were bought or picked before the
network for instructions. Government radiation was released and were stored
agencies will let you know how to protect indoors. Food stored in cans or bags is
yourself. Keep a battery-powered radio also safe to eat. Be sure to thoroughly
handy in case electrical power goes out in rinse off containers before opening.
your area.
&OLLOWINSTRUCTIONS
N The best way to avoid exposure to
radiation is to do what experts advise.
If told to evacuate, do so promptly.
Take items you will need for an extended
absence, such as prescription medicines
and clothing. Listen for news about the
location of the radioactive cloud.
Even if it has already passed, radioactive
contamination may have fallen on the
ground and experts will recommend the
best ways to safely leave the area.
)FYOUSUSPECTYOUARECONTAMINATED
N If you believe you have been exposed
to radioactive materials, you should
carefully remove and your outer layer
of clothing and put it in a plastic bag;
then take a warm shower to rinse off any
radioactive materials. Place the sealed
bag in a room away from people.
16

7!3().'4/.
-),)4!29
$%0!24-%.4
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108
PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
!NTHRAX
7HATISANTHRAX N
N Anthrax is a rare disease caused by
a bacterium, which is capable of
forming spores that can survive in the
environment for long periods of time.
Anthrax most commonly occurs in
animals, such as cattle, pigs, sheep and
goats. Anthrax infection can occur in
three forms: cutaneous (skin), inhalational
(lung), and gastrointestinal (stomach and
intestines). In an intentional exposure,
such as a bioterrorism event, breathing in
the spores is the most likely route
of exposure that might lead to a
serious infection.
(OWISANTHRAXSPREAD
7HATARETHESYMPTOMS
N You can get anthrax by handling infected
animals or other materials containing
anthrax spores, eating infected meat or
breathing in spores. The bacteria are
resistant to drying and can remain alive
for long periods of time. The disease
is NOT passed from person to person.
Symptoms depend on how a person is
exposed to the disease, and usually
occur within one to seven days after
exposure, but can take as long as 60 days
to develop.
N Inhalational anthrax (through the lungs)
is the most serious type of anthrax and is
caused by inhaling anthrax bacteria into
the lungs. Initial symptoms may resemble
those of flu or a common cold, such as
fever, cough, headache, chills, weakness,
difficulty breathing and chest discomfort.
After several days, the symptoms may
progress to severe breathing problems
and shock. This type of anthrax infection
is often fatal if not treated promptly.
N Cutaneous anthrax (through cuts in the
skin) is caused when anthrax bacteria
make direct contact with skin that has
a cut or break in it. Initial symptoms
include an itchy bump. Later stage
symptoms include a small blister, which
evolves into a painless sore with a black
center. Lymph glands in the infected area
may also swell.
17
Gastrointestinal anthrax (stomach and
intestines) is caused by the ingestion of
anthrax bacteria. It is characterized by
an acute inflammation of the intestinal
tract. Initial symptoms include nausea,
vomiting, loss of appetite, and fever,
followed by abdominal pain, vomiting
of blood, and severe diarrhea.
2ECOGNIZINGPOSSIBLE
ANTHRAXCONTAMINATION
N If you have symptoms, consult a health
care provider. If you believe you have
been intentionally exposed to anthrax,
you should contact law enforcement
officials immediately.
N If you receive a letter or package that
may contain anthrax:
L Set the package down gently and
leave it undisturbed to avoid release of
spores into the air.
L Immediately wash your hands
thoroughly with soap and
warm water.
L Call 9-1-1 to report the incident.
Follow the instructions of the 9-1-1
operators until help arrives.
L Remember: Do not handle the package
further unless necessary.
4REATMENTFORANTHRAX
N Antibiotics can be used to prevent or
treat an infection in persons exposed to
anthrax. All forms of the disease need
to be treated promptly. Since anthrax
is not spread from person to person,
there is no need to immunize or treat
contacts of persons ill with anthrax,
such as household members, friends,
or coworkers, unless they also were
exposed to the same source of infection.
An anthrax vaccine also can prevent
infection, but it is currently not available
for the public. Antibiotics should be used
to prevent or treat anthrax only under the
direction of your health care provider or
local health department.
 "OTULISM
7HATISBOTULISM L Wound botulism occurs when wounds
are infected with C. botulinum,
N Botulism is a rare, muscle-paralyzing for example, when a wound is
disease caused by a toxin made by contaminated during an outdoor injury
Clostridium botulinum (C. botulinum), by contact with contaminated soil. The
a bacteria found naturally in the soil. bacteria can only infect damaged skin.
There are three main types of botulism:
foodborne, infant, and wound. Botulism 0REVENTIVEMEASURES
toxin could be used as a biological N If you have symptoms, please consult a
weapon because it can be breathed in healthcare provider as soon as possible.
or swallowed. If you believe you have been ntentionally
(OWISBOTULISMSPREAD exposed to botulism, you should contact
law enforcement officials immediately.
7HATARETHESYMPTOMS
N There is no vaccine to prevent botulism.
N You can get botulism from eating
You can reduce risk of exposure by
contaminated food or when a wound is
following safe food handling and cooking
contaminated by the bacteria. The disease
practices and by keeping wounds or cuts
is NOT spread from person to person.
clean and properly bandaged.
The symptoms of botulism appear within
a few hours to several days after exposure 4REATMENTFORBOTULISM
to the toxin, depending on how much
toxin a person has been exposed to. N Immediate treatment is essential.
The Centers for Disease Control and
N Regardless of how the toxin enters Prevention maintains a supply of
the body, the results are the same. antitoxin to treat botulism. This antitoxin
As the disease progresses, symptoms can only be obtained by healthcare
may include double or blurred vision, providers from health departments
drooping eyelids, slurred speech, when botulism is suspected or confirmed.
difficulty swallowing, dry mouth, and The antitoxin reduces the severity of
muscle weakness (starts with shoulders symptoms if it is given early in the
and descends through body). Finally, course of the disease. Most patients
breathing muscles may be paralyzed eventually recover.
causing death unless mechanical
breathing assistance is available.
L Foodborne botulism occurs when a
person eats food contaminated with the
toxin-producing bacteria. This usually
results from poor home-canning
techniques. The first symptoms
may include nausea and vomiting.
7!3().'4/. Foodborne botulism can occur in all
-),)4!29 age groups, and is a public health
$%0!24-%.4 emergency because the source of the
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION contaminated food must be identified
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122 as quickly as possible to prevent others
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov from becoming ill.
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108
L Infant botulism occurs in a small
number of infants each year who
have C. botulinum bacteria in their
intestinal tract.

PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
18

7!3().'4/.
-),)4!29
$%0!24-%.4
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108
PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
0NEUMONIC0LAGUE
7HATISPLAGUE 0REVENTIVEMEASURES
Plague is an uncommon infectious disease If you have symptoms, consult a health care
of animals and humans caused by Yersinia provider as soon as possible. If you believe
pestis (Y. pestis) bacteria. Y. pestis is present you have been intentionally exposed to
in wild rodents and their fleas in many areas pneumonic plague, you should contact law
around the world, including most of the enforcement officials immediately.
western United States. The disease can be
treated with antibiotics. There is no vaccine against pneumonic
plague. Antibiotics are used to prevent
4YPESOFPLAGUE illness in those who have been exposed to
pneumonic plague.
Plague can be transmitted and cause illness
in one or more of these forms: 4REATMENTFORPNEUMONICPLAGUE
N When the Y. pestis bacteria enters Early treatment with appropriate antibiotics
the body through the bite of an infected is essential because untreated plague —
flea or through a cut or break in the especially the pneumonic form — is almost
skin, the resulting disease is called always fatal. You should use antibiotics
bubonic plague. “Bubos” are swollen to prevent or treat plague only under the
painful lymph nodes. Bubonic plague is direction of your health care provider or
the most common form of the disease and local health department.
untreated it may progress to septicemic
plague (see below).
N When Y. pestis bacteria accumulate
in the bloodstream, septic shock occurs
and the resulting disease is called
septicemic plague.
N When Y. pestis bacteria are inhaled,
they lodge in the lungs and the resulting
disease is called pneumonic plague.
Pneumonic plague is of particular
concern because it can be spread from
person to person.
(OWISPNEUMONICPLAGUESPREAD
7HATARETHESYMPTOMS
Pneumonic plague occurs when the Y. pestis
bacterium is inhaled. The disease may be
spread through face-to-face contact when
an infected person coughs or sneezes.
Because it enters the body by being
inhaled, pneumonic plague could be spread
intentionally if the bacteria were put into
aerosol form.
The symptoms of pneumonic plague
begin one to four days after exposure
to the bacteria. The symptoms include
fever, headache, weakness and a bloody
or watery cough due to infection of the
lungs (pneumonia). The pneumonia rapidly
becomes worse and — without early
treatment — it can be fatal.
19
 3MALLPOX
7HATISSMALLPOX 0REVENTIVEMEASURES
N Smallpox is a severe viral infection
caused by the variola virus. Smallpox
infection was eliminated from the world
in the late 1970s. The last human case
occurred in 1978. However, because the
security of the virus is uncertain, there is
a remote risk that smallpox could be used
as a weapon.
N Routine vaccination against smallpox
in the United States ended in 1972,
because the risk associated with the
vaccine was greater than the risk of
getting the disease. However, in 2003,
some members of the military, public
health and health care workforce were
vaccinated against smallpox as part of
bioterrorism preparedness.
(OWISSMALLPOXSPREAD etc.), and antibiotics for any secondary
7HATARETHESYMPTOMS bacterial infections.
N Smallpox is extremely infectious and is
spread from one person to another by
infected saliva droplets. Exposure may
come from face-to-face contact, airborne
spread (coughing or sneezing), or
through direct contact with contaminated
materials. People with smallpox are most
infectious during the first week of illness
because that is when the largest amount
of virus is present in saliva. However,
some risk of transmission lasts until all
scabs have fallen off.
N The incubation period for the disease
ranges from about seven to 17 days
following exposure. Initial symptoms
include high fever, fatigue, headache,
and backache. A characteristic rash, most
7!3().'4/. prominent on the face, arms and legs,
-),)4!29 follows in two to three days. The rash
$%0!24-%.4 starts with flat red lesions that evolve at
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION the same rate. Lesions become pus-filled
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122
and begin to crust early in the second
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov week. Scabs develop, and then separate
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108 and fall off after about three to four
weeks. The majority of patients with
smallpox recover, but death occurs in up
to 30 percent of cases.
N If you have symptoms, consult a health
care provider as soon as possible. There
is no evidence of increased risk of
smallpox outbreak or bioterrorism attack
using smallpox, but the United States
does maintain an emergency supply of
smallpox vaccine. The vaccine is not
currently available to the public because
it presents a significant risk of severe
side effects.
4REATMENTFORSMALLPOX
N There is no proven treatment for
smallpox, but research to evaluate new
antiviral agents is ongoing. Patients
with smallpox can benefit from
supportive therapy (intravenous fluids,
medicine to control fever or pain,
N If the vaccine is given to a person within
four days of exposure to smallpox, it may
lessen the severity of or possibly prevent
illness. Vaccine against smallpox contains
a live virus called vaccinia; it does not
contain the smallpox virus.
N The vaccine is stored and distributed
by the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention through the Strategic National
Stockpile of pharmaceutical supplies. In
the event smallpox is used as a weapon,
the distribution of vaccine would be
coordinated by the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention and the state and
local departments of health.

PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
20

7!3().'4/.
-),)4!29
$%0!24-%.4
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108
PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
4ULAREMIA
7HATISTULAREMIA 0REVENTIVEMEASURES
N Tularemia is an infection caused by the N If you have symptoms, please consult a
bacteria Francisella tularensis that can healthcare provider as soon as possible.
affect animals and humans. About 200 If you believe you have been intentionally
cases of human tularemia are reported exposed to tularemia, you should contact
each year in the United States. Bites law enforcement officials immediately.
from infected ticks and the handling
of infected rabbits are responsible for N In the event of exposure to tularemia,
most tularemia cases in the United antibiotic treatment to prevent infection
States. If tularemia were to be released (prophylaxis) may be recommended.
intentionally, as in a bioterror event, the Currently there is no vaccine available for
bacteria would most likely be released general use.
into the air to be breathed in.
4REATMENTFORTULAREMIA
(OWISTULAREMIASPREAD7HATARE N Early treatment of tularemia with
THESYMPTOMS appropriate antibiotics is essential.
N You can get tularemia by handling Antibiotics should be used to prevent
infected animals, by eating or drinking or treat tularemia only under the
contaminated food or water or by direction your health care provider
inhaling contaminated dusts or sprays. or local health department.
Tularemia is NOT spread from person
to person.
N Depending on the type of exposure
tularemia can occur in several forms:
L Infection of the lungs (pneumonic) -
the most common form after inhaling
the bacteria through contaminated
dusts or aerosols.
L Enlargement of lymph glands in the
neck and inflammation of the throat -
occurs most commonly after ingesting
contaminated food or water.
L Swollen lymph glands with or without
a skin ulcer - can occur after handling
contaminated materials or being bitten
by infected flies or ticks.
N All forms of the disease are
accompanied by flu-like symptoms, such
as fever, chills, headaches, body aches,
and weakness that usually occur three to
five days after exposure to the bacteria.
A person with pneumonia can develop
chest pain, difficulty breathing and
respiratory failure.
21

More information
and educational
resources concerning
methamphetamine and
meth labs can be found
on the Washington
State Department of
Health’s Clandestine
Drug Lab Web site at
www.doh.wa.gov/ehp/ts/
cdl.htm
7!3().'4/.
-),)4!29
$%0!24-%.4
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108
PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
-ETHAMPHETAMINE,ABS
Methamphetamine, also known as “crank” or “speed,” is an addictive and
powerful illegal drug. The manufacture of methamphetamine
in illegal “meth labs” is particularly dangerous.
7HATISANILLEGALLAB or washed down sinks and toilets and
into streams, these toxic wastes can kill
An illegal meth or crank lab is one that vegetation, ruin plumbing and septic
is set up to produce the illegal drug tanks and contaminate groundwater.
methamphetamine. Meth labs have Methamphetamine production can
been found in many locations including leave residue on ceilings, walls, heating
houses, apartments, garages, motel units systems, household fixtures and
and vehicles. A number of dangerous personal items.
chemicals including solvents, metals,
salts and corrosives are used to make N Entering a former meth lab. The site
methamphetamine. During the drug of a former meth lab is contaminated.
manufacturing process (cooking), additional Before you enter a contaminated site,
dangerous compounds and by-products are you must contact the local health
produced. The fumes, vapors, residues and department for approval and take all
spillage associated with cooking can necessary precautions.
be toxic.
2EPORTINGASUSPECTEDMETHLAB
0OSSIBLEHEALTHEFFECTS If you observe suspicious activity
N The risk of injury from chemical indicating the presence of a meth lab,
exposure depends on the chemical itself, report it immediately to your local law
the concentration, the quantity, and the enforcement or the Anonymous Meth
length and type of exposure. Chemicals Hotline at 1-888-609-6384. Signs that a
may enter the body by being breathed, meth lab may be in operation include:
eaten, injected (by a contaminated needle
or accidental skin prick), or absorbed by
L Windows that are always covered.
the skin. L Frequent visitors at all hours.
L Frequent visitors that stay for only 5-
N Exposure to the high levels of
10 minutes.
contaminants found in methamphetamine
labs can cause shortness of breath, L Chemical odors.
cough, chest pain, dizziness, lack of L Excessive garbage specific to
coordination, chemical irritation, burns making meth.
to the skin, eyes, mouth and nose, and in
severe cases, death.
N Even brief exposure can produce
symptoms such as headache, nausea,
dizziness, and fatigue or lethargy.
N Solvents. Exposure to solvents can
irritate the skin, mucous membranes
and respiratory tract, and harm the
central nervous system. Solvents are also
dangerous because they are flammable
and can be explosive.
N Waste and residues. Chemical and
methamphetamine residues can
contaminate buildings, household
furnishings and the environment. When
unused portions of the chemicals and
by-products are dumped on the ground
22
 (OUSEHOLD&IRES
Fires in homes are most often caused by cooking accidents, smoking
and unsafe use of woodstoves or space heaters. Here are some things
you can do to avoid a home fire or protect yourself during a fire.

0ROTECTINGAGAINSTFIRES
N Install smoke detectors in or near all
sleeping areas and on every level of your
home, including the basement. Check
smoke detectors on a regular basis and
replace the batteries twice yearly.
)FFIRESTRIKES
N If there is a fire — evacuate. Do not
go back inside. Call 9-1-1 from a
neighbor’s house.
N Never use water on an electrical fire.

N Have A-B-C type fire extinguishers.
Teach family members how to use them.
N Know the location of all exits including
windows. If you live in an apartment,
count the number of doorways between
your apartment and the two nearest exits.
N Know two ways out of every room in
case smoke or flames block your
primary exit.
N Choose a meeting place outside the
home, and be sure all family members are
accounted for. If someone is missing, let
the fire department know.
N Smother oil and grease fires in the
kitchen with baking soda or salt, or put a
lid over the flame if it is burning in a pan.
N If caught in smoke — drop to your hands
and knees and crawl; breathe shallowly
through your nose and use your blouse,
shirt or jacket as a filter.
N If you must move through flames — hold
your breath, move quickly, cover your
head and hair, keep your head down and
close your eyes as much as possible.
N If your clothes catch fire, “stop, drop and
roll” until the fire is out.

N Have an escape plan and practice it with N If you are in a room and cannot escape,
your family. This will help ensure you leave the door closed, stay low to the
can get out quickly when there is no time floor and hang a white or light-colored
for mistakes. sheet outside the window.

N Keep folding or chain style ladders stored

7!3().'4/.
-),)4!29
$%0!24-%.4
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108
PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
in each upstairs bedroom.
N Use alternative heat sources, such as
woodstoves or space heaters, safely:
L Never use gas ovens, gas ranges,
barbecues, or most portable or propane
heaters for indoor heating.
L Have fire-fighting materials available:
dry powder, fire extinguisher, heavy
tarp or blanket, and water.
L Before using an alternative heat source,
read the manufacturer’s instructions.
N Do not smoke in the bedroom, on the
couch or anywhere you might fall asleep
while smoking.
N Sleep with your bedroom door closed.
N Make sure your house number is clearly
visible from the street and that fire trucks
can reach your home.
23

7!3().'4/.
-),)4!29
$%0!24-%.4
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108
PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
0OWER/UTAGES
Power outages can cause a number of safety concerns.
Knowing the following information can help.
"EFOREAPOWEROUTAGE
N Register life-sustaining and medical
equipment with your utility company.
N Consider buying a generator. When
installing a generator, follow the
instructions carefully. Keep your
generator outside and run a cord inside.
Don’t connect your generator to main
service panels—it’s dangerous!
N Make sure your disaster preparedness kit
contains light sticks, flashlights, a battery-
powered radio with extra batteries, and a
wind-up clock.
N Have a corded telephone available
— cordless phones will not work when
the power is out.
N Have an alternative heat source and
supply of fuel.
N If you own an electric garage door
opener, know how to open the door
without power.
$URINGAPOWEROUTAGE
N Turn off lights and electrical appliances
except for the refrigerator and freezer.
Even if it is dark, turn light switches and
buttons on lamps or appliances to the
“off” position.
N Unplug computers and other sensitive
equipment to protect them from possible
surges when the power is restored.
N Leave one lamp on so you will know
when power is restored. Wait at least 15
minutes after power is restored before
turning on other appliances.
N Conserve water, especially if you use
well water.
N Never use gas ovens, gas ranges,
barbecues or portable or propane heaters
for indoor heating—they use oxygen
and create carbon monoxide that can
cause suffocation.
24
N Candles can cause a fire. It’s far better to
use battery-operated flashlights or glow
sticks for lighting.
N Using a kerosene heater, gas lantern or
stove inside the house can be dangerous.
Maintain proper ventilation at all times to
avoid a build up of toxic fumes.
N Stay away from downed power lines and
sagging trees with broken limbs.
+EEPFOODSAFE
N Use and store food carefully to prevent
food-borne illness when power outages
make refrigeration unavailable.
N Use foods first that can spoil
most rapidly.
N Keep doors to refrigerators and freezers
closed. Your refrigerator’s freezer will
keep food frozen for up to a day. A
separate fully-loaded freezer will keep
food frozen for two days.
N Use an ice chest packed with ice or snow
to keep food cold. Buy dry ice to save
frozen food. Do not handle dry ice with
your bare hands. Use blocks or bags of
ice to save refrigerator foods.
N Use caution if storing food outside
during winter to keep it cold. The outside
temperature varies, especially in the sun.
Frozen food may thaw and refrigerator
food may become warm enough to grow
bacteria. Food stored outside must be
secured from contamination by animals.
N If in doubt, throw it out. Throw out
meat, seafood, dairy products and cooked
food that does not feel cold.
N Never taste suspect food. Even if food
looks and smells fine, illness-causing
bacteria may be present.

7!3().'4/.
-),)4!29
$%0!24-%.4
0ERCENT,IQUID#HLORINE"LEACH3OLUTION
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108
PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
0URIFYING(OUSEHOLD7ATER
The treatments described below work only in situations where the water is unsafe because
of the presence of bacteria. If you suspect the water is unsafe because of chemicals, oils,
poisonous substances, sewage, etc., do not use the water for drinking.
3TORINGWATERSAFELY N Filter water using coffee filters, paper
towels, cheese cloth, or a cotton plug
N Store one gallon of water per person in a funnel.
per day.
"OILING
N Store at least a three-day supply of water
per person. N Boiling is the safest method of
purifying water.
N Collect the water from a safe supply,
N Bring the water to a rolling boil for
N Store water in thoroughly washed 3-5 minutes.
plastic, fiberglass or metal containers
that are lined with enamel. N Let the water cool before drinking.
N Never reuse a container that contained 0URIFYINGBYADDINGLIQUID
toxic materials such as pesticides, CHLORINEBLEACH
solvents, chemicals, oil, antifreeze, etc.
N If boiling is not possible, water can be
N Plastic containers such as soft drink made safe for drinking by treating with
bottles are best. You can also purchase liquid household chlorine bleach, such as
food-grade plastic buckets or drums. Clorox, Purex, etc. Household bleach is
typically between 5 percent and 6 percent
N Seal water containers tightly, label with chlorine. Avoid using bleaches that contain
date, and store in a cool, dark place. perfumes, dyes, and other additives. Be
N Replace water every six months. sure to read the label.
N Place the water (filtered, if necessary)
7ATERPURIFICATION in a clean container. Add the amount of
There are two primary ways of treating bleach according to the table below. Mix
water: boiling and adding bleach. If the thoroughly and allow to stand for at least
supply has been made unsafe because 30 minutes before using (60 minutes if the
of untreated surface water (from floods, water is cloudy or very cold).
streams or lakes), boiling is the best N Purifying tablets or chemicals designed
method. for use when camping or backpacking
can also be an effective way to treat
N Cloudy water should be filtered before water. Always follow the directions on
boiling or adding bleach. the package.
4REATING7ATERWITHA
Volume of Water Treating Clear Water: Treating Cloudy, Very Cold,
to be Treated Bleach Solution to Add or Surface Water:
Bleach Solution to Add
1 quart/1 liter 3 drops 5 drops
1/2 gallon/2 quarts/2 liters 5 drops 10 drops or 1/8 tsp
1 gallon 10 drops or 1/8 tsp 20 drops or 1/4 tsp
5 gallons 50 drops or 2.5 ml or 1/2 tsp 5 ml or 1 tsp
10 gallons 5 ml or 1 tsp 10 ml or 2 tsp
tsp = teaspoon; ml = milliliter
25

Secure your water
heater to minimize
damage during a
disaster.
7!3().'4/.
-),)4!29
$%0!24-%.4
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108
PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
3ECURING9OUR7ATER(EATER
3ECURINGAWATERHEATER
N Mark your water heater at the front center, about one-third of the way down from the top
and approximately one-third of the way up from the bottom.
N Be sure that the bottom mark is at least 4 inches above the water controls.
N Secure the water heater with two 16- to 20-gauge, pre-drilled steel straps at the points
you’ve marked (see diagram).
N If you place the water heater on a pedestal, you must secure the pedestal to the wall or
floor to keep it from moving out from under the water heater during an earthquake.
N For more information on securing your water heater, contact your local emergency
management office or utility.
7ALL3TUDS
&LEXIBLE7ATER
#ONNECTIONS
3TEEL
3TRAPS
7ATER
(EATER
&LEXIBLE
'AS0IPE
#ONNECTIONS 3TURDY3TAND
'ETTINGWATERFROMAWATERHEATER
N The water heater, if strapped properly, can be used as a backup source of drinking
water in addition to the water you have already stored for emergencies.
N To get water out of your water heater when the water is turned off, you will need to turn
off the gas or electric supply to the heater.
N Open a faucet located in the highest point of your home and then open the faucet at the
bottom of the water heater. This allows the water to gravity-feed from the tank.
N The water that first comes from the tank may be full of rust and other deposits. This is
normal for a water heater that has been in a home for a few years. Discard the discolored
water. When the water becomes clear, it should be safe to drink.
N If there is any question as to water purity — purify it.
26
 4URNING/FFTHE5TILITIES
When disaster strikes, it often affects one or more of the utility systems in your
home. Therefore, it is important to know where the main controls are located
and when and how to turn them off.

%LECTRICITY
N Locate your main electrical switch or
fuse panel, and learn how to turn off the
electrical power system.
It is best to learn
how to turn off N If a generator is used as a backup
household utilities power supply, remember to follow the
manufacturer’s instructions. Connect
before disaster strikes.
lights and appliances directly to
the generator and not to the
electrical system.
7ATER
N Turn off water at the main meter or at the
water main leading into the house. This
will prevent contaminated water from
entering your water heater and plumbing.
N Turn off the valve — turn to the right.
This will require a special valve wrench,
available from a hardware store. Make
sure you have the tool readily available.
3EWERSYSTEM
N Make sure your sewer system is
functioning properly before using it.
This will prevent the contamination of
your home and possibly the drinking
water supply.
'ASMETERILLUSTRATIONBELOW
N Locate your gas meter and valve.
N Have a wrench immediately available
for turning off the gas supply.
N If you smell natural gas, evacuate
immediately. Do not use matches,
lighters, open flame appliances, or
operate electrical switches. Sparks could
ignite gas causing an explosion.
N Shut off gas ONLY if you smell gas or
hear a hissing noise. Contact the gas
company to turn the gas back on.

'!3-%4%2 0RESSURE2EGULATOR

-ETER
7!3().'4/.
-),)4!29
$%0!24-%.4
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108 /. /&&

3HUT/FF
6ALVE

PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
27

N Read the labels on lighting, appliances,
When purchasing a
generator make sure
you get one listed with
the Underwriter’s
Laboratory (UL) or
Factory Mutual (FM).
This fact sheet was
prepared using
materials from the
American Red Cross
and the National Fire N Follow the directions supplied with
Protection Association.
N Let your generator cool down before
7!3().'4/.
-),)4!29
$%0!24-%.4 N Connect the equipment you want to
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108
PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
5SINGA'ENERATOR
$URING0OWER/UTAGES
and equipment you plan to connect to
the generator to determine the amount of
power that will be needed to operate the
equipment. For lighting, the power of the
light bulb indicates the power needed.
Appliances and equipment usually have
labels indicating power requirements on
them. Choose a generator that produces
more power than will be drawn by the
combination of lighting, appliances,
and equipment you plan to connect to
the generator, including the initial surge
when it is turned on.
If your equipment draws more power
than the generator can produce, you may
blow a fuse on the generator or damage
the connected equipment.
your generator. Never use portable
generators indoors, including inside
a garage. Adequate ventilation is
necessary when running the generator.
Proper refueling measures, outlined in
the owner’s manual, must be carefully
followed. Make sure you have properly
working carbon monoxide (CO) alarms
inside your home.
refueling. You must store extra generator
fuel in an approved safety can. Store
fuel for the generator out of doors in a
locked shed or other protected area. Do
not store fuel in a garage, basement, or
anywhere inside a home, as vapors can
be released that may cause illness and
are a potential fire or explosion hazard.
power directly to the outlets on the
generator. Do not hook up a generator to
your home’s electrical service. Home-
use (non-industrial) generators do not
supply enough amperage to supply
sufficient power for today’s homes (that
is, to run a furnace, lighting, appliances,
and other electronic equipment). Unless
your home’s power supply was installed
with a disconnect to the main power
feeding lines, power you put into your
home from a generator could “backfeed”
28
into the main line and cause problems
for the electrical utility company, your
neighbors, or yourself. “Backfeeding”
is supplying electrical power from a
generator at the residence into the
incoming utility lines. This occurs when
the necessary equipment used to isolate
the generator from the incoming power
lines is not installed.
N The 1999 National Electrical Code
(NEC), published by the National Fire
Protection Association, is a nationally
recognized standard for safe electrical
installations. The NEC does permit an
interface between the normal power
source (generally the electric utility)
and an alternate power source (such as a
standby or portable generator) provided
that the proper transfer equipment that
prevents “backfeeding” is used. Simply
connecting a cord from the generator to
a point on the permanent wiring system
and “backfeeding” power is an unsafe
method to supply a building during a
utility outage.
N Improper connection methods not
only endanger the building occupants,
but pose a serious hazard to electric
utility workers as well. There are a
number of products available that will
provide either an automatic or manual
transfer between two power sources in
a manner prescribed by the NEC. When
selecting a product for this function, it
should be one that has been evaluated
for safe performance by a nationally
recognized testing organization such
as Underwriters Laboratories. The
product must be installed according
to the NEC, all applicable state and
local codes, and the manufacturer’s
instructions. Homeowners should only
attempt to install such products if they
have a thorough knowledge of safe
electrical installation practices for this
type of equipment. Otherwise a qualified
electrician should be contacted.
 %ARTHQUAKES
Washington is earthquake country.
When the ground starts to shake, “Drop, Cover and Hold.”

7!3().'4/.
-),)4!29
$%0!24-%.4
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108
PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
$ROPCOVERANDHOLD
N When you feel an earthquake, DROP and
COVER under a desk or sturdy table.
Stay away from windows and objects
like bookcases that could fall. HOLD on
to the desk or table. If it moves, move
with it. Do not run—stay where you are.
“Drop, Cover and Hold.”
"EPREPAREDFORANEARTHQUAKE
N Anchor appliances and tall heavy
furniture that might fall. Put latches on
cabinet doors to keep contents from
spilling out.
N Find out how you can improve your home
to protect it against earthquake damage.
N Establish an “out-of-area” contact and
keep the phone numbers handy. This is
the person family members will call if
you are separated.
N Have a place at home where emergency
supplies are kept and tell others where
it is.
$URINGANEARTHQUAKE
)FYOUAREINDOORS
N Stay inside. Move next to an inside wall
or get under a desk or sturdy table and
hold on to it. If it moves, move with it.
Stay away from windows, bookcases,
refrigerators, heavy mirrors, hanging
plants and other objects that could fall.
Do not go outside until the shaking stops.
N If you are in a crowded store or public
place, DO NOT rush for an exit. Move
away from display shelves holding
objects that could fall on you, and “drop,
cover and hold.”
N If you are in a theater or stadium, stay in
your seat, protect your head with your
arms or get under the seat. Do not leave
until the shaking stops.
29
)FYOUAREOUTDOORS
N If you are outdoors, move to a clear area
away from trees, signs, buildings, or
downed electrical wires and poles.
)FYOUAREINADOWNTOWNAREA
N If you are on a sidewalk near a tall
building, get into a building’s doorway
or lobby to protect yourself from falling
bricks, glass and other debris.
)FYOUAREDRIVING
N If you are driving, slowly pull over to
the side of the road and stop. Avoid
overpasses, power lines and other
hazards. Stay inside the vehicle until the
shaking stops.
)FYOUAREINAWHEELCHAIR
N If you are in a wheelchair, stay in it.
Move to safe cover if possible, lock your
wheels and protect your head with
your arms.
!FTERTHEEARTHQUAKE
N If you were evacuated, wait until you
are told it is safe before returning home.
Be careful entering buildings. Stay away
from downed power lines
N Check yourself and those around you
for injuries.
N Be prepared for aftershocks.
N Use the phone only to report a life-
threatening emergency.
N Do not drive unnecessarily.
N If you smell gas or hear a hissing sound
— open a window and leave the building.
Shut off the main gas valve outside.
N Check on neighbors, particularly elderly
or disabled persons
N Try to contact your out-of-area phone
contact. Listen to your radio.
 &LOODS
Floods are the most common and widespread of all natural disasters.
If you live in an area where floods occur, you should know the following:

7HATTODOBEFOREAFLOOD
N Plan for evacuation. Know where you are
going and how to get there.
N Prepare your home for a flood. Call your
local building department or office of
emergency management for information.
7HATTODOAFTERAFLOOD
N Wear gloves and boots when cleaning up.
N Open all doors and windows. Use fans if
possible to air out the building.
N Wash all clothes and linens in hot water.

N Purchase flood insurance. N Discard mattresses and stuffed furniture.

7!3().'4/.
-),)4!29
$%0!24-%.4
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108
N Keep all insurance policies and a list of
valuable items in a safe place.
N Take photos or a videotape of the
valuables you keep in your home.
N Listen to your radio or television for
reports of flood danger.
N Keep your car filled with gas.
7HATTODODURINGAFLOOD
N Do NOT try to walk or drive through
flooded areas. Water can be deeper
than it appears and water levels rise
quickly. Follow official emergency
evacuation routes. If your car stalls in
floodwater, get out quickly and move
to higher ground.
N Stay away from moving water; moving
water six inches deep can sweep you off
your feet. Cars are easily swept away in
just two feet of water.
N Stay away from disaster areas unless
authorities ask for volunteers.
N Stay away from downed power lines.
N If your home is flooded, turn the utilities
off until emergency officials tell you it
is safe to turn them on. Do not pump the
basement out until floodwater recedes.
Avoid weakened floors, walls
and rooftops.
N Wash your hands frequently with soap
and clean water if you come in contact
with floodwaters.
They can’t be adequately cleaned.
N Wash dirt and mud from walls, counters
and hard surfaced floors with soap and
water. Then disinfect by wiping surfaces
with a solution of one cup bleach per
gallon of water.
N Discard all food that has come into
contact with floodwater. Canned food
is alright, but thoroughly wash the can
before opening.
N If your well is flooded, your tap water
is probably unsafe. If you have public
water, the health department will let you
know—through radio and television—if
your water is not safe to drink. Until your
water is safe, use clean bottled water.
N Learn how to purify water. If you have a
well, learn how to decontaminate it.
N Do not use your septic system when
water is standing on the ground around it.
The ground below will not absorb water
from sinks or toilets. When the soil has
dried, it is probably safe to again use
your septic system. To be sure, contact
your local health department.
N When floodwaters have receded watch
out for weakened road surfaces.

PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
30

7!3().'4/.
-),)4!29
$%0!24-%.4
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108
PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
(OT7EATHER0RECAUTIONS
Severe heat may cause illness or even death. When temperatures rise
to extreme highs, reduce risks by taking the following precautions.
(OTWEATHERPRECAUTIONS )FYOUGOOUTSIDE
TOREDUCETHERISKOFHEAT N Plan strenuous outdoor activities for early
EXHAUSTIONANDHEATSTROKE
N Stay indoors and in an air-conditioned
environment as much as possible
unless you’re sure your body has a high
tolerance for heat.
N Drink plenty of fluids but avoid
beverages that contain alcohol, caffeine
or a lot of sugar.
N Eat more frequently but make sure meals
are balanced and light.
N Never leave any person or pet in a
closed, parked vehicle.
N Avoid dressing babies in heavy clothing
or wrapping them in warm blankets.
N Check frequently on people who are
elderly, ill or may need help. If you
might need help, arrange to have family,
friends or neighbors check in with you
at least twice a day throughout warm
weather periods.
N Make sure pets have plenty of water.
N Salt tablets should only be taken if
specified by your doctor. If you are on a
salt-restrictive diet, check with a doctor
before increasing salt intake.
N If you take prescription diuretics,
antihistamines, mood-altering or
antispasmodic drugs, check with a
doctor about the effects of sun and
heat exposure.
N Cover windows that receive morning or
afternoon sun. Awnings or louvers can
reduce the heat entering a house by as
much as 80 percent.
31
or late in the day when temperatures are
cooler; then gradually build up tolerance
for warmer conditions.
N Take frequent breaks when
working outdoors.
N Wear a wide-brimmed hat, sun block
and light-colored, loose-fitting clothes
when outdoors.
N At first signs of heat illness (dizziness,
nausea, headaches, muscle cramps), move
to a cooler location, rest for a few minutes
and slowly drink a cool beverage. Seek
medical attention immediately if you do
not feel better.
N Avoid sunburn: it slows the skin’s ability
to cool itself. Use a sunscreen lotion with
a high SPF (sun protection factor) rating.
N Avoid extreme temperature changes. A
cool shower immediately after coming
in from hot temperatures can result in
hypothermia, particularly for elderly or
very young people.
)FTHEPOWERGOESOUTOR
AIRCONDITIONINGISNOTAVAILABLE
N If air conditioning is not available, stay on
the lowest floor out of the sunshine.
N Ask your doctor about any prescription
medicine you keep refrigerated. (If the
power goes out, most medicine will be
fine to leave in a closed refrigerator for at
least 3 hours.)
N Keep a few bottles of water in your
freezer; if the power goes out, move
them to your refrigerator and keep the
doors shut.
 ,ANDSLIDESAND-UD&LOWS
Landslides and mudflows usually strike without warning. The force of rocks,
soil, or other debris moving down a slope can devastate anything in its path.
Take the following steps to be ready.

"EFOREALANDSLIDE
N Get a ground assessment of
your property.
N Your county geologist or county planning
department may have specific information
on areas vulnerable to land sliding.
Consult a professional geotechnical
expert for opinions and advice on
landslide problems and on corrective
measures you can take.
)NSURANCE
N Mudflow is covered by flood insurance
policies from the National Flood
Insurance Program. Flood insurance
can be purchased through a local
insurance agency.
-INIMIZEHOMEHAZARDS
N Plant ground cover on slopes to stabilize
the land, and build retaining walls.
N In mudflow areas, build channels or
deflection walls to direct the flow around
buildings.
N Remember: If you build walls to divert
debris flow and the flow lands on a
neighbor’s property, you may be liable
for damages.
-AKEEVACUATIONPLANS
N Plan at least two evacuation routes since
roads may become blocked or closed.
,EARNTORECOGNIZETHE
LANDSLIDEWARNINGSIGNS
N Doors or windows stick or jam for the
first time.
N New cracks appear in plaster, tile, brick
or foundations.
N Outside walls, walks, or stairs begin
pulling away from the building.
N Slowly developing, widening cracks
appear on the ground or on paved areas
such as streets or driveways.
N Underground utility lines break.
N Bulging ground appears at the base of
a slope.
N Water breaks through the ground surface
in new locations.
N Fences, retaining walls, utility poles, or
trees tilt or move.
N You hear a faint rumbling sound that
increases in volume as the landslide
nears. The ground slopes downward in
one specific direction and may begin
shifting in that direction under your feet.
3INKHOLES
N A sinkhole occurs when groundwater
dissolves a vulnerable land surface, such
as limestone, causing the land surface to
collapse from a lack of support.

7!3().'4/. N In case family members are separated

-),)4!29
$%0!24-%.4
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108
N Ask an out-of-state relative or friend to
PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
from one another during a landslide or
mudflow (that is a real possibility during
the day when adults are at work and
children are at school), have a plan for
getting back together.
serve as the “out-of-area” contact. After
a disaster it’s often easier to call long
distance than to make local calls. Make
sure everyone knows the name, address
and phone number of the contact person.
Continued next page.
32
,ANDSLIDESAND-UD&LOWSCONTINUED

$URINGALANDSLIDE N Listen to a battery-operated radio

)FINSIDEABUILDING
N Stay inside.
N Take cover under a desk, table, or other
piece of sturdy furniture.
)FOUTDOORS
N Try to get out of the path of the landslide
or mudflow.
N Run to the nearest high ground in a
direction away from the path.
N If rocks and other debris are
approaching, run for the nearest shelter
such as a group of trees or a building.
N If escape is not possible, curl into a tight
ball and protect your head.
!FTERALANDSLIDE
N Remember that flooding may occur after
a mudflow or a landslide.
N Stay away from the slide area. There may
be danger of additional slides.
N Check for injured and trapped persons
near the slide area. Give first aid
if trained.
N Remember to help your neighbors who
may require special assistance –
infants, elderly people, and people
with disabilities.
or television for the latest
emergency information.
N Check for damaged utility lines. Report
any damage to the utility company.
N Check the building foundation, chimney,
and surrounding land for damage.
N Replant damaged ground as soon as
possible since erosion caused by loss of
ground cover can lead to flash flooding.
N Seek the advice of geotechnical experts
for evaluating landslide hazards or
designing corrective techniques to reduce
landslide risk.
0REVENTIONTIPS
N Investing in preventive steps now, such
as planting ground cover (low growing
plants) on slopes, or installing flexible
pipe fitting to avoid gas or water leaks,
will help reduce the impact of landslides
and mudflows in the future. For more
information on prevention, contact your
local emergency management office.

7!3().'4/.
-),)4!29
$%0!24-%.4
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108

PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
33
 4SUNAMIS
A tsunami is a series of destructive ocean waves affecting shorelines.
Tsunamis are usually generated by earthquakes. Tsunamis may also
be caused by underwater landslides, or underwater volcanic eruptions.
Tsunami waves are destructive and could rise as high as 100 feet or more.
Tsunamis are a threat to the coast of Washington.

4HE.ATIONAL/CEANICAND
!TMOSPHERIC!DMINISTRATION./!! N Tsunami
NOAA has warning centers located
in Hawaii and Alaska that can issue a
tsunami warning within 15 minutes after
an earthquake. This provides an effective
warning for distant-source tsunamis.
!TSUNAMIWATCH
A watch reports on conditions that may
generate a tsunami.
N Turn on your radio.
#OASTALEVACUATIONSIGNS
evacuation routes were
developed to assist coastal residents and
visitors find safer locations in case of
an earthquake and tsunami. Evacuation
signs have been placed along coastal
roadways to indicate the direction inland
or to higher ground. In some places, there
may be more than one direction available
to reach safer areas. These routes may
be marked with several signs showing
additional options for evacuation. You
will need to know the evacuation routes
for your area.

N Listen to your radio, NOAA Weather

Radio, or TV for updates on the watch.
N Know well in advance what your safest
evacuation route will be.

7!3().'4/.
-),)4!29
$%0!24-%.4
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108
!TSUNAMIWARNING
A warning reports that a tsunami has
been generated.
N Keep your radio on.
N Evacuate coastal areas immediately.
N Evacuate to higher ground or to upper
levels of reinforced buildings.
N Continue to monitor your local radio
or NOAA Weather Radio for further
information and instructions.
N Wait for the “All Clear” before you return
to the beach or to your home.

PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
34

7!3().'4/.
-),)4!29
$%0!24-%.4
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108
PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
6OLCANOES
Volcanic dangers include not only an eruption of a mountain and
associated lava flows, but also ashfall and debris flows. If you are
near a mountain range, be familiar with the following.
"EFOREAVOLCANICERUPTION
N Plan ahead. Have emergency supplies,
food and water stored.
N Plan an evacuation route away from
rivers or streams that may carry mud or
debris flow.
N Keep a battery-operated radio available
at all times.
N If there is an eruption predicted,
monitor the radio or TV for evacuation
information. Follow the advice given
by authorities.
!FTERAVOLCANICERUPTION
N Do not approach the eruption area.
N Be prepared to stay indoors and avoid
downwind areas if ashfall is predicted.
N Evacuate if advised to do so
by authorities.
N Be aware of stream and river channels
when evacuating.
N Move toward higher ground if mudflows
are approaching.
N Follow the evacuation signs posted along
roads and highways.
N Remove outdoor clothing before
)FTHEREISASHFALLINYOURAREA
N Wash vegetables from the garden
N Protect your lungs. Infants and the
elderly, and those who have respiratory
conditions such as asthma, bronchitis,
emphysema and other chronic lung and
heart diseases should be particularly
careful to avoid breathing ash. If ash
is present:
L Stay inside. Close doors, windows and
dampers. Place damp towels at door
thresholds and other draft sources.
35
LWhen outside, wear a single-use
(disposable) facemask. Remember that
these masks may not fit small children
properly. (Note: Masks may make
breathing more difficult for people with
respiratory conditions.)
L Those most at risk should limit
outdoor activities. Keep children
and pets indoors.
L If you have asthma or another
respiratory condition – or have a
child with asthma – pay attention
to symptoms such as wheezing and
coughing, or more severe symptoms
such as chest pain or tightness,
shortness of breath and severe fatigue.
Stay indoors and follow your asthma
management plan. Contact your doctor
if you have trouble breathing.
L Replace disposable furnace filters
or clean permanent furnace
filters frequently.
N If you wear contact lenses, protect your
eyes by wearing glasses or protective
goggles or by removing your contacts.
N If you find ash in your drinking water, use
an alternate source of drinking water such
as purchased bottled water.
N Put stoppers in the tops of
your drainpipes.
N Protect dust-sensitive electronics.
N Keep roofs free of ash in excess of
4 inches.
entering a building.
before eating.
N Minimize travel — ash may be harmful to
your vehicle.
N Frequently change oil and air filters in
your automobile.
 7EST.ILE6IRUS
7HATIS7EST.ILE6IRUS (OWCAN)PROTECTMYSELF
N West Nile virus can be a serious, even
fatal, illness. It can affect people, horses,
certain types of birds and other animals.
West Nile virus first appeared in the
United States in 1999. In 2002, the virus
was found for the first time in birds and
horses in Washington. However, the virus
has not been detected in our state
For more information since then.
on preventing West
(OWISITSPREAD
Nile Virus, including
N West Nile virus is almost always spread
what employers and
to people by the bite of an infected
workers can do to reduce mosquito. Mosquitoes become infected
their risk, go to http: after feeding on birds that carry the virus.
//www.doh.wa.gov/wnv There is no evidence that West Nile virus
can be spread by direct contact with
infected people or animals.
7HOISATRISK Read the label and carefully follow
N The risk of getting West Nile virus is very
low, but anyone can become infected.
People over 50 years of age have the
highest risk of serious illness.
7HATARETHESYMPTOMS repellent available. Products containing
N Most people who are infected with
West Nile virus will not get sick. About
1 in 5 people infected will have mild
symptoms such as fever, headache and
body aches. Even fewer, about 1 in
150 people infected, will have more
severe symptoms. Severe symptoms
may include headache, high fever, neck
stiffness, stupor, disorientation, tremors,
convulsions, muscle weakness, paralysis
and coma. If you have any of these
symptoms, contact your health
care provider.
7!3().'4/.
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$%0!24-%.4
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108

N There is no human vaccine for West Nile
virus. The best way to protect yourself
and your family is to avoid mosquito
bites and reduce the places mosquitoes
live and breed around your home. Take
these steps:
!VOIDMOSQUITOBITES
N Make sure windows and doors are “bug
tight.” Repair or replace screens.
N Stay indoors at dawn and dusk when
mosquitoes are the most active.
N Wear a long sleeve shirt, long pants and
a hat when going into mosquito-infested
areas, such as wetlands or woods.
N Use mosquito repellant when necessary.
instructions. Take special care when
using repellent on children.
N Use an insect repellent that contains
DEET. DEET is the most effective
DEET must be used properly. Carefully
read and follow instructions on the label.
$ONTGIVEMOSQUITOESAHOME
N Empty or throw away anything that holds
standing water—bottles, cans, old tires,
buckets, plastic covers and toys.
N Change water in your birdbaths,
fountains, wading pools and animal
troughs at least twice each week.
N Make sure roof gutters drain properly;
and clean clogged gutters in the spring
and fall.
N Fix leaky outdoor faucets and sprinklers.

PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
36
 7INDSTORMS
Each fall and winter season, several low pressure systems impact the Pacific Northwest,
producing strong winds to 60 mph. On Columbus Day, October 12, 1962, the strongest
non-tropical windstorm ever to hit the lower 48 states struck the Pacific coast. It claimed
46 lives, injured hundreds more, and knocked power out for several million people.
By taking action now, you can save lives and reduce the damage caused
by windstorms and other weather-related hazards.

7HATTODOBEFOREAWINDSTORM N If you are outdoors, move into a building.

N Contact your local emergency
management office or the National
Weather Service to find out what types
of storms are most likely to occur in
your community.
N Assemble a disaster supply kit.
N Contact vendors to know the proper use
of home generators.
N Find out who in your area might need
special assistance, specifically the
elderly, disabled, and non-English
speaking neighbors.
Avoid downed electric power lines,
utility poles and trees.
N If you are driving, pull off the road and
stop away from trees. If possible, walk
into a safe building. Avoid overpasses,
power lines and other hazards.
N Listen to your radio for emergency
instructions.
7HATTODOAFTERAWINDSTORM
N Check yourself and those around you
for injuries.

N Check with your veterinarian for N Evacuate damaged buildings. Do not

animal care instructions in an
emergency situation.
N If you live on a coastal or inland
shoreline, be familiar with
evacuation routes.
N Know what emergency plans are in
place at your workplace, school and
daycare center.
re-enter until declared safe by authorities.
N Call 9-1-1 only to report a life
threatening emergency.
N If you smell gas or hear a hissing sound
indoors — open windows and leave the
building. Turn off the gas source and call
your gas company. Do not use matches,
candles, open flames or electric
switches indoors.

7!3().'4/.
-),)4!29
$%0!24-%.4
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108
PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
N Conduct a home safety evaluation,
including the garage door, and
nearby trees.
N If you have an electric garage door
opener, locate the manual override.
7HATTODODURINGAWINDSTORM
N Don’t panic. Take quick action to protect
yourself and help others.
N Turn off the stove if you’re cooking
when the power goes out, and turn off
natural gas appliances.
N If you are indoors, move away from
windows or objects that could fall. Go to
lower floors in multi-story homes.
37
N If the power goes out, keep refrigerator
and freezer doors closed to keep food
frozen for up to two days.
N Provide assistance to your neighbors,
especially the elderly or disabled.
N Try to make contact with your out-of-
area phone contact, but avoid making
local telephone calls.
N Monitor your portable or weather radio
for instructions or an official “all clear”
notice. Radio stations will broadcast what
to do, the location of emergency shelters
and medical aid stations, and the extent
of damage.

7!3().'4/.
-),)4!29
$%0!24-%.4
%MERGENCY-ANAGEMENT$IVISION
Camp Murray, WA 98430-5122
Web site: www.emd.wa.gov
253-512-7000; (800) 562-6108
PO Box 47890
Olympia, WA 98504-7890
Web site: www.doh.wa.gov
360-236-4027; (800) 525-0127
7INTER3TORMS
Winter storms can range from moderate snow over a few hours to blizzard
conditions with blinding, wind-driven snow or freezing rain that lasts several days.
The time to prepare is before the snow falls and ice forms.
0REPARINGFORWINTERSTORMS N Be careful when shoveling snow. Do not
N Listen to your radio or television
for winter storm forecasts and
other information.
N Prepare your home for cold weather.
Install storm windows. Insulate outside
walls, attics and crawl spaces. Wrap
pipes, especially those near cold outer
walls or in attics or crawl spaces. Repair
leaks in the roof, around the doors and in
the windows.
N Have appropriate cold weather
clothing available.
N If you have a kerosene heater, refuel your
heater outside and remember to keep it at
least three feet from flammable objects.
N Make sure your fireplace
functions properly.
N Have rock salt and sand on hand for
traction on ice.
N Fill your gas tank before the snow
starts falling.
$URINGAWINTERSTORM
N Wear several layers of loose fitting,
light weight, warm clothing rather than
one layer of heavy clothing. Wear mittens
rather than gloves. Wear a warm,
woolen cap.
N Do not drive unnecessarily.
Reduce the temperature in your home to
conserve fuel.
N Heat only the areas of your home you are
using. Close doors and curtains or cover
windows and doors with blankets.
N Use alternative heat methods safely.
NEVER use a gas or charcoal grill,
hibachi or portable propane heater to
cook indoors or heat your home.
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overexert yourself.
N Be sure to eat regularly. Food provides
calories that maintain body heat.
N Watch for signs of frostbite and
hypothermia — slurred speech,
disorientation, uncontrollable shivering,
stumbling, drowsiness and body
temperature of 95 degrees Fahrenheit
or less.
N If you become trapped outside, get out of
the wind and stay dry. Build a lean-to or
snow cave if nothing else is available. Do
not eat snow; it will make you too cold.
)FINYOURVEHICLE
N Make sure someone knows where you are
going. Stay on the main roads.
N If you must stop, remain inside the
vehicle. Use a bright distress flag or
your hazard lights to draw attention to
your vehicle.
N If trapped in a blizzard, clear your tail
pipe and run your engine and heater
for 10 minutes every hour. Open your
window slightly.
N During night hours, keep the dome light
on in the car so rescue crews can see
your vehicle.
N Keep an emergency kit in your vehicle.
Include a three-day supply of water and
non-perishable food that can be eaten
without being cooked. Include a blanket
or sleeping bag for each passenger, a
flashlight, cell phone, shovel, sack of
sand or kitty litter, booster cables, flare,
coffee can with lid and toilet paper.