Indian Institute of Technology

Patna Department of Mechanical

Engineering

ME – 312 System Dynamics and

Control Lab
Instructor – Dr. Mayank Tiwari

Experiment - 4
Cantilever Beam - II

SUBMITTED By

Shreyash Taware
(1701ME43 )

Shubham Chouksey
 (1701ME45)

Shubham Pathak
(1701ME46)

Sudhir Yadav
(1701ME47)
Aim: To study the forced vibration and transfer function of a cantilever beam from the time
response.

Apparatus/Instruments Required: Function generator, power amplifier,

Cathode ray oscilloscope, exciter, iron rod, laser scanning vibrometer

Experimental setup:

● Function generator:
A function generator is usually a electronic test equipment or software used to generate
different types of electrical waveforms over a wide range of frequencies. Some of the most
common waveforms produced by the function generator are sine wave, square wave,
triangular wave, and saw tooth wave.

● Power amplifier:
A power amplifier is an electronic amplifier designed to increase the magnitude of power of a
given input signal. The power of the input signal is increased to high enough to drive load of
output devices.

● Cathode ray oscilloscope:

The cathode ray oscilloscope is an electronic test instrument, it is used to obtain waveforms
when the different input signals are given. The oscilloscope observes the change in the
electrical signals over time, thus the voltage and time describe a shape and it’s continuously
graph beside a scale.
 ● Exciter:
Vibration exciter or ‘shakers’ are of two main types, electro dynamic and electro hydraulic.
They are used for modal testing, except for very largest structures. They are also used for
most of environmental testing. Electro hydraulic exciters are more expensive than electro
dynamic exciters.

● Laser Doppler Vibrometer:

A Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) is a scientific instrument that is used to make non-contact
vibration measurements of a surface. The laser beam from LDV is directed at a surface of
interest, and the vibration amplitude and frequency are extracted from doppler shift of the
reflected laser beam frequency due to the motion of the surface.

Observations:
FFundamental SSecond mode Third mode
Mode
Theoretical 18.30 (Hz) 116.48(Hz) 320.84(Hz)
frequency
Experimental 1 16.6(Hz) 1 106.2 (Hz) NOT FOUND
frequency

Safety Precautions:
1. Always close the apparatus glass while performing the experiment.
2. Do not touch anything without permission of the TA.
3. Always wear shoes while performing experiment.
4. switch off the power supply after completion of the experiment.

Observations/Conclusions:
S. No. Frequency Hz Shaker Input by function generator( Vpp) Velocity (m/s) phrase Difference
1 6 151 278.14
2 7 181 272.74
3 8 147 275
4 9 240 272
5 10 271 269
6 11 324 269.3
7 12 410 266.2
8 13 519 263
9 14 690 261
10 15 1.16E+03 260
11 16 2.81E+03 250
12 16. 6 8.80E+03 162
13 17 4.10E+03 260
14 18 1.17E+03 261
15 19 580 262
16 20 370 263
17 22 170 72
18 24 50 120
19 26 154 190
20 30 98 72
21 40 193 240
22 50 515 223
23 60 563 170
24 70 635 218
25 80 960 205
26 90 1.41E+03 203
27 100 3.90E+03 193
28 102 5.51E+03 185
29 104 8.60E+03 234
30 105 8.80E+03 235
31 106 8.90E+03 185
32 106.2 9.10E+03
33 107 8.80E+03 207
34 110 5.70E+03 38.07
35 113 3.50E+03 26.53
CONCLUSION:
At frequency values of 16.6Hz and 106.2 Hz we are getting global and local maxima and hence
we can interpret that these corresponds to fundamental and 1st mode shape frequencies
respectively.

RESULT:
Fundamental frequency 16.6Hz and 1stmode frequency 106.
PHASE VS FREQUENCY

PRECAUTIONS AND SOURCES OF ERROR :-

● Initial tuning is very important.
● Close to the natural frequencies the output in oscilloscope starts to get distorted and
has to properly tuned by adjusting current and fine tune in oscilloscope.
● Current should not exceed 1.5a in any case.
● Source of error could be DSO because the value kept fluctuating.
1. We were able to get only two mode shape during our experiment and in fundamental
mode the end part of the cantilever beam was oscillating significantly and only one node
was obtained ,While in 1st mode the portion of the beam close to the rod was also
oscillating significantly and two nodes (including the fixed end) were obtained.
2. Theoretically the values obtained are

F Fundamental S Second mode T third mode

mode
1 18.30 (Hz) 1 116.48(Hz) 3 320.84(Hz)

3. In most of the applications the energy required to excite those modes of vibration are
not available.
4. The solution of the above differential equation is