06-Jan-20

Structural Analysis
CE2100
Deformations in Determinate structures

Elastic Curves
Draw approximate deformed shapes

pin

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 06-Jan-20

Curvature of a 2-D curve in Cartesian

Coordinates
d
d d dx
Curvature     
ds dx  dy 2 2

1  y 2 
dy d
since tan   ; sec 2   y 
dx dx
d dx 2
 y  cos 2   y  2
dx dx  dy 2
dx 2 1
d y  y 
dx  dx 2  dy 2 1  y 2 y 
   

1  y 2  1  y  2
1  y   1  y  
2 2
3
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Elastic Beam theory and double integration method

Radius of curvature of a curve in Cartesian coordinates:

y 
Curvature  (1 / R)    ; How? See the previous slide.
 
3
1  y 2 2

if y  is small,  y
M
from the elastic beam theory, Curvature, 
EI
If M / EI is constant,
M M M 2
y  ; y  x  C0 ; y  x  C0 x  C1
EI EI 2 EI
Values of C0 and C1 can be found from boundary coditions

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Example: Double Integration

Part I Part II Step 1: Support reactions:
P
R1+ R 2= P
R2(2L) = P(3L); R2 =(3/2)P
2L L
P R1 = -(1/2)P

R1 R2 Step 2: Calculate Bending Moment diagram

x Bending moment in part I = -Px/2
Bending moment in part II = P(x-3L)

Moment Step 3: Apply double integration

For Part I: (EI) y’’= -Px/2;
(EI) y’= -Px2/4 +C1;
(EI) y= -Px3/12 +C1x + C2
For Part II: (EI) y’’= P(x-3L);
(EI) y’= Px2/2 -3PLx+C3;
(EI) y = Px3/6 -3PL x2/2+C3x + C4
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Example continued…
Part I Part II Step 4: Enforce boundary conditions:
P
y(0) Part I= 0, therefore: C2=0
2L L y(2L)Part I= 0,
P
y(2L)Part II = 0,

R1 R2 y’(2L)Part I = y’(2L)Part II
x1
Solve these equations for the unknown coefficients:
C1 = PL2/3
C2 = 0
C3 = 10/3PL2
C4 = -2PL3

y(3L) = (1/EI) (9PL3/2 - 3*9PL3/2 + 10PL3 - 2PL3 )

= (1/EI) (9-27+20-4) PL3/2 = -PL3/EI 6

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Moment-Area theorem
From the double integration method, we can derive:
Change in slope between points A and B equals the area of M/EI diagram
between the two points
B
M
B/ A   dx And
A
EI
B
M
t A/ B   x dx B
EI
A
 x M EI dx
Distance of Centroid of (M/EI) area from A, x  A
B

B B  M EI dx
M M A
t A/ B x dx  x  dx
A
EI A
EI

Vertical deviation of a point ‘A’ from the tangent drawn at ‘B’ equals the moment of
the area of M/EI diagram computed about ‘A.’
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Example: Cantilever Beam

P
Part I Part II (i) Calculate Support reactions.
A B C (ii) Draw Bending Moment Diagram.
2L L
P
Bending moment in part I = P(2L-x)
Bending moment in part II = 0
x Moment in A to C:
2PL Area of the M/EI from ‘A’ to ‘C’: 2PL2/EI
Moment Distance of the centroid from ‘C’: L + 2/3*2L
= 7L/3

DC = tC/A= (7L/3)*(2PL2)= (14/3)PL3/EI

DC= tC/A

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Example: Moment-Area Method

Part I Part II
P
A B Support reactions:
C
2L L R1+ R2= P DC = tC/A-1.5(tB/A)
P R2(2L) = P(3L), R2 =(3/2)P
R1 = -(1/2)P
R1 R2 tC/A=
Bending moment in part I = -Px/2
x (Area of the M/EI curve between
Bending moment in part II = P(x-3L) A and C) (distance of centroid
PL
Moment in A to C: from C)
Moment Distance of the centroid from ‘C’: 4L/3 = 2PL3/EI
Area of the Moment from ‘A’ to ‘C’: 1.5 PL2
tB/A tC/A Moment in A to B: tB/A= (2/3EI)PL3
Distance of the centroid from ‘B’: 2L/3
DC

Area of the Moment from ‘A’ to ‘B’: PL2

DC = (2PL3 - PL3)/EI = PL3/EI
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Areas and Centroids (Back cover of the text book)

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Example: Conjugate Beam method

From the double integration method, we can derive:
DV   w dx and DM    w dx dx
likewise
M M
D   dx and Dy    dx dx
EI EI
Real Beam Conjugate Beam

• Consider an imaginary Moment/EI Distributed Load

beam where the moment in Slope Shear
the real beam is applied as Displacement Moment
the distributed load.
End Pin support (y=0) Roller Support (M=0)
• Calculate bending moment
for the imaginary beam that Fixed (=0, y=0) Free (V=0, M=0)
will be equal to the Free Fixed
displacement in the real End roller support Pin support
beam.
Internal roller (y=0) Hinge (M=0)
Internal Hinge ( is Roller support (V is
unequal, y is equal) unequal, M is equal) 11

Example: Conjugate beam method

Part I Part II
P
A B
C
2L L

-PL
Moment
-PL/EI

Conjugate beam

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