Chapter 1

Introduction

Overview of the Current State of Technology

The waste things are such a big problem in the world since then until now. The
rate has increased due to the collection of any industrial companies like plastic
companies. This app will help us on how to be creative to transform the waste things
into useable material and also can be source of our income. Many people especially
here in the Philippines throw improperly their waste and never think if it can be
reused. A significant part is recycled but the majority of post - consumer material
waste like plastic, rubber, paper etc. - though recyclable, remains comparatively
untouched as they are difficult to be used again.

In most of the cases, such consumer waste either litters all around or is
disposed of by land fillings. The disposal of consumer waste material in this manner
possess significant environment hazards as it results in reduction in soil fertility,
reduction in water percolation, emission of toxic gases, health hazard to animals and
birds consuming the waste, poor drainage due to landfills, pollution of ground water
due to leaching of chemicals from these waste products etc. Looking to the global
issue of environmental pollution by post - consumer material waste, research efforts
have been focused on consuming this waste on massive scale in efficient and
environmental friendly manner.

One of the many problems according to the Provincial Environment and

Natural Resources (PENRO), Municipal Environment and Natural Resources
(MENRO) and nearby junkshops. The waste management in our province are
becoming severe, their programs and policies currently enforced are not enough to
solve the waste problems in our province. People in the society were not aware where
they could sell their stuffs, so wastes would just end up being thrown in the bins.
Municipalities and Towns don’t have that many spaces for landfills. People just throw
away their wastes not thinking they could make money out of it.

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 The above situations are the things that caught the attention of the researcher
and led him to develop this mobile application called “Classification and Trading for
Non Biodegradable Solid Waste Material”.

General Objectives:

This study aims to design and develop a Classification and Trading for Non-
Biodegradable Solid Waste Materials Application.

Specifically, this study aims to:

1. capture, send and save the solid waste materials details to the cloud database
2. classify the different kinds of solid waste materials and display the best solution
3. view junkshop directories and their corresponding details listed in this app in case
users wants to find junkshops and sell their waste materials.
4. evaluate using ISO 25010: 2011 software engineering quality standard.

Conceptual Framework

In designing the Classification and Trading for Non- Biodegradable Solid

Waste Materials Application, the input, process and output of the application were
considered. The input is consisted of classification of image by means of capturing.
Under the trading, it includes list of junkshops, junkshop locations and average trading
prices. In the process stage, it includes verification of images of solid wastes. In the
output stage, the app displays waste details, display details of every junkshops,
locations, trading prices, and list of waste materials that are traded. The processing of
all the inputs and outputs based on the concept leads to the development of the
Classification and Trading for Non- Biodegradable Solid Waste Materials
Application.

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 Input Process Output

<Classification>  Verify Images of solid

wastes
 Capture Image
 Search for data Classification and Trading for
availability in database Non- Biodegradable Solid
<Trading> for details of every Waste Material Application
junkshops, trading
 List of Junkshops prices, and list of waste
 Junkshops Location materials that are
 Average Trading Prices traded.

Evaluation ISO 25010

Figure 1 . Figure above is a schematic diagram that illustrates the Conceptual

Framework of the Classification and Trading for Non- Biodegradable Solid Waste
Materials Application.

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Definition of Terms

Classifying - arrange (people or things) into groups based on ways that they
are alike. (Merriam-Webster Dictionary)

Material - Relating to or made of matter.(Merriam-Webster Dictionary)

Non-Biodegradable - Not capable of being broken down by action of living

organisms.(Merriam-Webster Dictionary)

Solid Waste - Solid waste is the unwanted or useless solid waste materials are
generated from human activities in residential, industrial or commercial
areas.(https://www.indiawaterporta.org/topics/solid-waste)

Trading - The activity or process of buying. (Merriam-Webster Dictionary)

Mobile Application - most commonly referred to as an app, is a type of

application software designed to run on a mobile device, such as a smartphone or
tablet computer. (https://www.techopedia.com/definition/2953/mobile-application-
mobile-app)

Significance of the study

The result of this study may benefit the following group of individuals in the
community or municipality.

Student - .Students can help reducing the waste by selling it through our apps.
They can have more learning about proper waste disposal and reusing it by means of
capturing the waste. They would be motivated to sell the waste materials in exchange
for a reasonable price offered by various junkshops around their area.

Junkshop - Junkshops can benefit because through our apps, People can browse
through the online apps. The users could navigate the app for prices of trading and
types of waste products the junkshops are buying.

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 People of the community - All of us can learn the proper management of wastes
and the community can be knowledgeable about reusable and harmful products. We in
the community could easily sell through our app to have an extra income, and at the
same time get rid of all those wastes lingering at our homes.

Households - Homes are where common reusable waste materials are being
produced or thrown away. By using our app, they can just sell or look for available
junkshops that trade at higher prices; hence household’s owners would trade their
waste products rather than throwing them away.

PENRO/ MENRO - The agency that monitor the environmental issues and
problems that occurred. This Mobile application will help to hasten their work
because of another technology that will be developed and deployed in the society.

Future Researchers - This study will be used on their research to create new
related research. And it can also help some of their queries relating to their research.

Scopes and Limitations:

This study aims to develop an application that could help reduce the wastes. It
focuses only on household solid wastes to properly manage it through our app. Our
app would have features on image capturing It would then display the reusing tips and
it would suggest waste disposal tips on non – biodegradable solid materials.

Junkshops present in our system are only around the vicinity of our town
(Barotac Nuevo). Possible trading types of materials or waste products could be
limited only on plastic bottles, plastics, glass bottles, liquor bottles, tin cans and etc.
This application is available for an android user only and requires internet connection
to be accessed.

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 Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

Foreign Study

Mohadikar, M. (2019) developed an application entitled ‘Waste Segregation –A

Waste Classifier’ an app that can captured images, classify and segregate the
different kinds of waste. This app truly helps the user on how to do segregation on
their waste but the problem of this was you cannot identify what kind of waste it is.
This cannot give the accurate result to the users. As you use this application the only
function that it can provide was to classify if it is organic or recyclable. Another thing
that may make the user to be confused was, it doesn’t suggest of what kind of
recyclable material you can do with your waste and this app never shows what to do
on that organic waste. It means the apps has a limited source.

Bajawidia (2018) implemented the application entitled ‘Waste Material Craft

Ideas’ that provide the user of getting an idea and inspiration to recycled the waste
materials. This application shows a lot of suggestion about handicraft and recyclable
idea which is good to enhance the creativity of the users. But in every application that
is created there are some deficiency and can’t satisfy the user’s needs. This app was
only display those recycled materials but never show the step by step way in how to
create and it can have difficulty to user .

In the “Recykle” study of Vardhan, J.( 2015) Recykle. The app employed a
conversational interface that provided people simple information on how to segregate
and compost at home, make it easy to connect to their closest Kabadiwalla, as well as
allow them to sign up for local events like composting and rooftop gardening
workshops. Another important function of the app is that it recommended prices of
different types of recyclable materials being sold to help residents getting an idea of
good prices for their materials.

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Local Study

Flores, M.G. & Tan, J.B. Jr. (2019) conducted a study entitled ‘Automated
Waste Segregation System using Machine Learning the Waste Management’.
Their system is about the image processing segregation support vector machine and
waste classification. The major drawbacks of their study were based from the existing
system only that aims to classify a single object in an image. This maybe a helpful
machine conducted but it is very costly waste separation times. It is running by
machine and to classify the recyclable materials from garbage wastes into different
categories would make this recycling process better and easier. The major problem of
this it is machine and cannot use by the other people in cased, unlike an application
that everybody can be a user.

Lucero, V.C. (2015), ‘Go Trash for recycling’. The design of this mobile
application has a directory to locate junkshops and solid waste management or waste
recycling facilities. If the user wants to know where to sell the old newspaper, bottles,
batteries, and electronics and other recyclables garbage in metro Cebu. The apps
provide the location of recycling facility that is nearest the user using the phone’s
mobile GPS. It also provides information such as the business name, store hours,
contact information, accepted material, and their buying price. The application is free
for regular users who want to sell their household or office scrap.

Broma, J. (2019) conducted a study entitled ‘Ligao City Solid Waste

Management Application, The proposed study will be conducted to propose an
android application that will enhance the Solid Waste Management awareness in
Ligao City. Researcher sees already the possible benefits of this application to people
of Ligao through its features, like update, recycling facts & trivia, notifications, sms
support, educational guide and GPS.

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Synthesis

With the above mentioned studies ‘Waste Segregation –A Waste Classifier’

The idea of Waste Segregation –A Waste Classifier was to capture the different kind
of waste materials and classify and segregate if it is organic or recyclable. It gives the
prediction accuracy if it is possible for recycling or it is diposable.
Waste Material Craft Ideas. This project is focused on recyclable ideas. Teh
Waste Material Craft Ideas is application that is display or suggesting the different
recycling ideas of your solid waste material. It can persuade user to recycle their waste
instead of throwing it.
Recykle. The app is provide a guidance of how to segregate proper waste
disposal. It also provides the ideas on how to sold it if it is unusable or give an idea
about the selling prizes.
Automated Waste Segregation System using Machine Learning the Waste
Management. This system is developed to classify only one object .
Go Trash for recycling The app is designed for a convenient directory to
locate junkshops and solid waste management or waste recycling facilities. The app
provide the location of recycling facilities that are the nearest to the user using the
phone’s mobile GPS. It also provides information such as the business name, store
hours, contact information, accepted material, and their buying price.
Ligao City Solid Waste Management Application is implement the
application that instructs the proper segregation, proper disposal, waste processing and
recovery, and waste generation. It can also give trivia to recycle the waste materials,
notification, sms support.

Classification and Trading For Non-Biodegradable Solid Waste Materials

.The features of this application the user can capture an image of the waste material.
The result would display the waste details, classifications, and disposal tips of the
subjected waste product. The user could also navigate through the trading menu where
they could see all listed junkshops nearby. The users could click on the junkshops to
see relevant details. The junkshops are detailed to their locations, business name
details, types of traded materials, contact details and trading prices on different types

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of materials they buy. This mobile application will not handle a seller-to-buyer
transactions, this application only aims on classification of wastes, waste disposal tips,
junkshop directories and locations, and trading prices for a specific waste materials.

Chapter 3: Methodology

Project Description

The proposed Classification and Trading for Non-Biodegradable Solid Waste

Materials A

This application is an app that aims to develop an android mobile application

that would minimize non-biodegradable solid wastes in the society by selling and
proper disposal segregation waste management. It also aims to disseminate
information to the public about waste classifications and disposal. An apps that can
provide the nearest junkshop directories or information.

The user could either capture an image of the waste material. The result would
display the waste details, classifications, and disposal tips of the subjected waste
product. The user could also navigate through the trading menu where they could see
all listed junkshops nearby. The users could click on the junkshops to see relevant
details. The junkshops are detailed to their locations, business name details, types of
traded materials, contact details and trading prices on different types of materials they
buy. This mobile application will not handle a seller-to-buyer transactions, this
application only aims on classification of wastes, waste disposal tips, junkshop
directories and locations, and trading prices for a specific waste materials.

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 Start

Main App

Capture Image

Trading Back

Display junkshop directories

View Tips of Proper Waste Disposal View Tips of Reusing Waste

End

Figure 2. Activity Diagram of the Classification and Trading for Non- Biodegradable
Solid Waste Materials Application.

When the application is opened, assuming that the user is already in the home
menu, there would be 3 selection buttons which are the first button would capture
button where when you click that button, the app would let the user to capture waste
objects intended for evaluation, the app would then display the two results which are
the tips on how to re-use the waste and the other is tips on how to dispose the
specified waste properly. Another one is the trading button where you can view the
junkshop directories and the back button when the user wants to exit the application.
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We use the AGILE method for the development of our research. It includes the
following:

 Brainstorm
 Design
 Development
 Quality Assurance
 Deployment

Figure 3. Figure above is an Agile Methodology of the Classification and Trading for
Non- Biodegradable Solid Waste Materials Application.

Brainstorm

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First, we brainstorm serious problems that we’ve encounter nowadays. Second, we
formulate the solution for the problem. Third, we plan on any requirements needed for
our app. Fourth, we point out any features we desired to include in our app. Fifth, we
find any possible loopholes that would affect the effectiveness of the app aiming to
provide solutions on the difficulties and weaknesses that our app may encounter.

Design

We formulate designs for our app, selecting the layout and the UI design that would
suit its appearance and for the efficiency and of convenience of users navigating
through our app. It is important for an app to have all of its content to be well
organized for the ease of access.

Development

This will be the stage where we would start to construct all of the components of the
system. We fabricate the whole system, the system UI designs, coding, encoding of
data and tweaking the image processor will be all expected to be done in this stage.

Quality Assurance

In this part, we will be test the quality of app by distributing it to the users, taking
notes and documentations whether the app is performing well and if it is helpful to the
user. We will have the user’s test all of the features and functions of the app.We
would gather all the data from the users who used our app. Assess the data and
identify any weaknesses and bugs. The data that we gathered will be used to develop
any weak points and the lacking details or functions in our app.

Deployment

In this part, the code is deployed to a QA or testing environment that is accessible to

specific users and as close as possible to a real-world environment. That way, users
can continuously test the software and send it back for improvement.
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 Classification and Trading for Non-
Biodegradable Solid Waste Material
Mobile Application

Capture Image

«uses»

View
«uses» classification result

«uses»

View Tips on How to do

«uses»
Proper Waste Disposal
User

View Junkshop
Directories

Figure 4. Use Case Diagram of the Classification and Trading for Non-
Biodegradable Solid Waste Materials Application.

The user could navigate through these application functions, capture image, view
classification result, view proper waste disposal tips and view junkshop
list/directories.

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 Application Database

User

Capture image Stored Captured image

Display result

View Junkshop Directories Check Available Junkshop

Display result

Figure 5. Sequence Diagram of the Classification and Trading for Non-

Biodegradable Solid Waste Materials Application

If the user then uses the “Capture button”, the database would search and store
the subjected image. The application would then display the result of classified image.
By clicking the “Trading button”, the app displays all the junkshop available near the
locations of the user .It would then check the availability of details regarding junkshop
directories. The app would then display all results to the user.

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Figure 6. Deployment Diagram of Classification and Trading for Non- Biodegradable
Solid Waste Materials Application

Figure above shows deployment diagram of Classification and Trading for

Non- Biodegradable Solid Waste Materials Application. In this application in order to
classify and trade the waste object, the user needs a device that is connected to the
internet.

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References

[1] Y. Jog ,”Smart Waste Management Using IoT” Internet:

https://www.kinkedin.com/pulse/recomendations-smart-waste-management-using -
mobile-application-log, [July 31, 2018]

[2] Deutschland.de.Bingo, “Waste Management Mobile Application” Internet:

https://www.deutschland.de/en/waste-management-app-nigeria, [May 28, 2017]

[3] Kabadiwalla Connect, “Recykle” Internet:

https://www.climatecola.org/contests/2016/waste-management/c,proposal,1331611,
[June 27, 2015]

[3] M. G. Flores and J. B. Tan, “Automated Waste Segregation System using Machine
Learning the Waste Management” Internet: i.jssst.info> No-S2>paper15PDF
Literature Review of Automated Waste Segregation System-ijssst, [2019]

[3] V. Lucero, “Go Trash for recycling’” Internet:

https://cebudailyynews.inquire.net/67750/got-trash-for-recycling-cebu-made-app-
helps/amp, [September 23, 2015]

[4] J. Broma “Ligao City Solid Waste Management Application” Internet:

https://www.academia.edu/34246577/Ligao_City
_Sollid_Waste_Management_Application

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