Management

SEMESTER I

RESEARCH PAPER ON:

“LEADERSHIP AND ITS STYLES”

SUBMITTED TO:

Prof. Mitali Chogle

Assistant Professor, NMIMS School of Law

SUBMITTED BY:

Ekanksh Shekhawat

First Year B.B.A., LL.B (Hons.), Division D

 INDEX

 Introduction
 Review of literature
 Research Methodology
 Objective of the study
 Objective of leadership
 Why there’s a need for leadership quality in today’s life and
importance of leadership in different fields?
 Limitations
 What are the disadvantages of leadership styles?
 The Evolution of Leadership – A look at where leadership is
heading
 Features
 Findings
 Conclusion(Different phases in leadership)
 Bibliography
 Introduction
Leadership is a leading method of providing direction, implementing plans and motivating
people. Several authors have suggested identifying many different styles of leadership as
demonstrated by leaders in the political, business or other fields. Leadership style studies are
conducted in the military field, expressing an approach that emphasizes a holistic view of
leadership, including how the physical presence of the leader determines how the leader is
perceived by others. Physical presence factors in this context include military presence, physical
fitness, trust and resilience. The intellectual capacity of the leader contributes to the
conceptualization of solutions and the acquisition of knowledge to do the job.[citation needed]
The conceptual capacity of the leader applies agility, judgment, innovation, interpersonal tact
and domain knowledge. Field expertise includes both strategic and technical knowledge as well
as social and geopolitical understanding.

Leader is a person who controls a group of people towards achieving a goal, while leadership is
the art of inspiring a group of people to work towards a common goal. Different styles of
leadership will have a different impact on the organization. The leader must choose the most
effective approach to leadership style, depending on the situation, as leadership style is crucial
to the success of the group. Through recognizing these types of leadership and their effect,
everyone can become a more versatile and better leader.

To achieve desired goals, an effective leader influences followers in a desired way. Different
leadership styles may affect the effectiveness or performance of the organization. A stronger
predictor of job satisfaction as well as overall satisfaction is the leadership of transformation. In
the study, it was concluded that a competitive and innovative culture influences organizational
performance. Organizational culture is affected by leadership style and therefore leadership
style influences the quality of the company.

Leadership can be said to be the ability to influence others. We can also define leadership as a
process of guiding and influencing people so that they will be willing and eager to achieve the
objectives of the group. Ideally, people should be encouraged to develop not only a willingness
to work but also a willingness to work with trust and zeal.
The leader works to help the group accomplish its goals by making the most of its resources.
In his analysis of leadership theories and studies, Ralph Stogdill, managing theorist, came acros
s numerous meanings of leadership.
 Review of literature
Barchiesi et al(2007) They found that high leadership indexes are not related to past performance
records but associated both to higher potentiality of enhanced performance and to higher reputation of
organizations.

Chung – Hsiung Fang et al(2009) Leadership is largely culturally orientated, embracing traditional
beliefs, norms and values and a preoccupation .

According to Goh Yuan et al(2005) This study finds the linkages between organizational leadership and
business ethics, thereby making a contribution toward increasing the quality of organizational life which
may have a positive influence on both members of the organization and the wider community.

Lu Ye et al(2011) study explained employees‟ perceptions about transactional or transformational

leadership style of executive

Podsakoff et al(1990) said that leadership behavior can affect trust and satisfaction of employees to
organization and organizational citizenship behavior further enhances the relationship between
leadership style and organizational commitment directly.

Bass Bernard et al(1994) explained that transactional leadership depends on contingent reinforcement,
either positive contingent reward or the more negative active or passive forms of management-by-
exception. Transactional leaders motivate followers through exchange; for example, accomplishing work
in exchange for rewards or preferences .

Jeremy et al(2012 The study revealed that the associations between leader and worker give additional
factor employees‟ satisfaction which are considerably affected through the leadership style adopted by
the leader

Research Methodology
This is an inductive form of research with secondary and qualitative form of data from various research
papers. The data has been analysed and linked with all reference of time, it is very important to also
explain the application of those principles used. Various research papers are referred from various sites
to have this research done. It is basically developing a concept which is already produced and is linking
the past with the present.
 Objective of the study
To analyse the growth of great leaders of india in the market.

Objective of Leadership

1) Proper Organization of Employees

Your employees come from different backgrounds. That would mean they have different viewpoints and
agendas even when they are working together as an organization. One of the prime objectives of
leadership would be to focus on organizing this diverse group of employees.The main objective of
leadership is to bring the diverse group of people together towards a common goal – at least for the
period they are at work..

2) Working towards a common goal

The business goals will involve meeting multiple objectives. This can involve meeting the bigger goal of
growing the business over the next year or short term goals like meeting the sales figures for the next
month. Leadership assumes the objective of making the stakeholders understand the importance of
each of these goals and how each of these fit into a larger goal.As a good leader, you should be capable
of presenting these goals in a way that can both be acted upon and achievable.

3) Motivating Employees

This is perhaps one of the most crucial and key leadership objectives. As a successful leader, you should
strive to understand your employees well enough and try to achieve the best to bring the best in them.
This will need strong interpersonal skills of mingling socially with your employees. A perfect leader will
make every attempt to make the employees apply themselves completely out of their own will into the
common objective of the organization.

4) Achieving a cohesive organizational structure

Achieving a cohesive atmosphere at the workplace is one of the prominent objectives a leadership role
will need to focus on. Effective leadership is focused on the creation of a cohesive group of people
striving towards achieving the best both for the short term or long term goals. A true leadership should
focus on sowing this cohesive structure both in letter and spirit. Everything that leadership does –
including the payment of bills to the physical signs should reflect a positive and cohesive organizational
structure.

5) Vision and Mission Developing a mission for the perfect growth of an organization. The
technique here is to have a clear vision for the best possible results even before they are realized.

6) Strategize

Visualizing and creating a workable strategy for the achievement of the goals. The strategy should be
such that it is realistic and achievable.

7) Innovation

Being innovative is the key to perfect functionality of a leadership position. Innovation literally catapults
your growth way forward as compared to your competitors. However, it needs a leader to continuously
focus on innovation, regardless of market scenario or pressure on the leader.

8) Transformation

Be ready to transform. A leadership objective that can help you achieve success is that you should never
shy away from discarding the existing processes. This is perhaps in tune with the concept of innovation
we just went through.

9) Change Resistance

Leadership can face challenges in the form of resistance to changes. This is exactly what can bring up the
most common causes of failure. The objective of true leadership would be to strategize & work on these
specific causes of failure.

Why there’s a need for leadership quality in today’s life and importance of
leadership in different fields?
We need leadership skills to address the challenges of daily life in order to find opportunities in
a difficult situation. Leadership provides new possibilities for others, such as jobs and income
incentives. Leadership is a matter of leading by example. To achieve daily life goals even to - do
list, we all need to depend on our leadership skills. Leaders have their own logic; they don't
follow the crowd. Leaders are not selfish, and they are very flexible for every person. Leaders
have a great deal of discipline and they want and inspire others to follow the same path. Such
skills and qualities are very important in our daily lives. It's because our future and success
depend on how we invest money and time in our everyday lives. And we need leadership skills
to invest money and time wisely.

Everyone has leadership skills, but not all of them use those skills. Leadership is a conviction
that says that I can do it, and I have to do it. Leadership secures unsecured pathways.
Leadership is the result of habits. Good habits are building a lot of skills. And the sense of
responsibility in work and ethics makes us more successful and inspires others to follow.

Importance of leadership in business

Leadership skills take organizations to new heights. Leaders create a vision and they see things
differently. They have a positive attitude. They think what is possible; they don’t think it’s not possible.
They find ways that enable whole organization into the right path. Leadership is important in creating a
great working environment that allows workers to interact with seniors to share ideas. That helps
businesses grow fast. Leadership positions empower them to become courageous and assured in their
skill. This confidence and trust in the workplace encourages others to develop creativity and pursue the
best talents they have

Importance of leadership in the workplace

The working environment of today is full of politics, stress. And people are less successful than
that. The leadership of such organizations plays a major role in building a culture of unity and
success in the workplace. We put the staff and the company together to produce high quality
work. Leadership is important in creating a great working environment that helps employees to
connect with seniors to share ideas. That helps businesses grow fast. Leadership positions
empower them to become courageous and secure in their skill.

Importance of leadership training for school students

Leadership skills are very important for students to achieve their dreams and goals. Leadership
tells us what to do, what to do, what to do in other circumstances and occasions, etc. For
instance, if a teacher asks a question from the whole school, but only one student responds,
and he / she doesn't know it's right or wrong, but he / she answers, that's leadership. This is the
trust of the student inside. And I think we all need to foster the uniqueness and creativity of
every person. It's not good to criticize the creativity and uniqueness of any student. This is
leadership.
Leadership gives students the ability to win the game. And that way of thinking makes it possibl
e for them to play to win and never pause.
 Limitations

1.) Takes Time Away From Performing Tasks

One limitation of leadership is that ensuring that you’re providing your employees with the
resources and training they need is not a productive activity. While spending time leading and
instructing workers is essential to make sure that they perform their duties well, managers do
not actually produce goods or services while acting as leaders.An businessman who hires a few
employees may find that the time he spends performing leadership tasks is limited by the time
he spends interacting with clients and making sales. In some instances, business owners are
dealing with this limitation of leadership by hiring managers to perform some of these tasks.
The drawback, however, is that high-quality managers are expensive, which can dent the
budget of a company.

2.) Fosters a Clash of Personalities

When you think about the pros and cons of being a leader, high on the list is the fact that leaders and
subordinates may not always see eye to eye. This is one of the pros and cons of being a leader that you
can’t avoid because your workplace features different personalities that will not always be in
agreement. In fact, some businesses thrive on conflict because of the good ideas that may come out of
clashing viewpoints, but the problem in most companies is that workers may feel that they cannot relate
to their leaders, and an "us versus them" mentality can develop. Disagreements between managers and
employees can lead to conflicts that waste time and reduce productivity

What are the Disadvantages of Leadership Style?

Autocratic Leadership Style

Autocratic leaders determine all themselves without thinking about what their subordinates feel or
want. This makes decision making and scheduling quick and easy. The disadvantages of leadership of
this kind include resentment of employees, paralysis when the boss is unavailable and limited creativity
because only one person gives ideas.

Laissez-faire

Laissez-fairemanagement takes a hands-off approach. The manager sets the objectives and
provides the necessary help and resources, but trusts the team to do the job without further
guidance. With an accomplished, dedicated squad, the results can be amazing.
Less experienced employees can fall behind, lose their way or be unable to cope with pressure
to manage themselves. It's also harder to hold anyone to account for issues.
Transformational Leadership Style
Transformational leaders believe in change and growth, constantly pushing employees and
team members to be better off. This may be a very powerful approach, but the visionary, large-
scale aspect can distract the leader from the day-to-day tasks. It works best when the leader
has a detailed subordinate to keep him grounded.

Situational leadership Style

Situational leadership sounds like it should be free from the disadvantages of leadership styles.
Situational leaders are flexible, moving from democracy to autocracy to laissez-faire, depending
on the people they are dealing with. That makes sense, but for managers with a natural style of
leadership, switching between different modes may not be an attainable goal.

The Evolution of Leadership – A look at where leadership is heading

At the start of the 20th century, Frederick Winslow Taylor introduced the theory of scientific
management. This is not the philosophy of leadership per se, but it has changed the way
leaders dealt with workers and treated the development of a given product. Through his own
work experience and informal education, Taylor recognized that employers would be able to
get the most out of their workers if they broke labor projects into their different parts and
trained workers to specialize in each production station. Taylor has timed every part of the
production process in order to improve production to the maximum efficiency.
Taylor believed that leaders were born, not made, and assumed that there was only one
form of effective leadership in terms of leadership within organizations

In recent centuries, identifying a leader and demonstrating leadership skills have developed.
Since the concept of leader and leadership emerges in lexicon, researchers have explored
leadership traits through different methodologies. However, there was great discussion about a
consistent methodology or even consensus on the nature of effective leadership. A
reexamination of the historical development of leadership concepts and values is necessary to
understand the ideals of leadership and help identify leaders. An era of economic expansion
and industrial revolution gave birth to the early ideas of leadership, identifying a leader as one
great man. With this historical tour, leadership ideas have changed and evolved in every age.
Ideals such as genuine leadership and environmental leadership have been given way to theory
and behavior models of Trait. New theories transform the conventional vertical leadership
model into a flattened type of dynamic leadership, where leaders rely on the mission
interchangeably. Although the nuances of every theory can not be fully and extensively
discussed in this text, the analysis and creation of leadership leadership concepts is important
in order to give a better understanding of leadership theory from the early to the present era.
 Features of Leadership

 Influence the behaviour of others: Leadership is an ability of an individual to influence

the behaviour of other employees in the organization to achieve a common purpose or goal
so that they are willingly co-operating with each other for the fulfillment of the same.

 Inter-personal process: It is an interpersonal process between the leader and the followers.
The relationship between the leader and the followers decides how efficiently and effectively
the targets of the organization would be met.

 Attainment of common organizational goals: The purpose of leadership is to guide the

people in an organization to work towards the attainment of common organizational goals.
The leader brings the people and their efforts together to achieve common goals.

 Continuous process: Leadership is a continuous process. A leader has to guide his

employees every time and also monitor them in order to make sure that their efforts are going
in the same direction and that they are not deviating from their goals.

 Group process: It is a group process that involves two or more people together interacting
with each other. A leader cannot lead without the followers.

Findings

AZIM PREMJI

In 1966 the President of Wipro Limited took over the family business when he was only 21
when his father, MH Premji, died. It was then called the Western India Vegetable Product
Company.The company started, thanks to its guidance, an ambitious era of diversification
and development. The company started producing bulbs and went soon to the following
consumer products: soaps Shampoo baby foods Powder. During the 1980s, after the
expulsion of IBM in 1975, the company entered the information technology market. The
President of Wipro, although he has great wealth, is known to be a modest and economic
man.He presently owns a Toyota Corolla, likes company guest houses over hotels, and
travels in economy class. Business Week has declared him to be one of the leading global
entrepreneurs. The Wesleyan University of Middletown, Connecticut conferred on him an
honorary doctorate. The recognition was for his stupendous philanthropic activities.
 Kushal Pal Singh
The CEO and Chairman of DLF Ltd., Kushal Pal Singh has been able to transform Gurgaon into
an outsourcing hub that is famous across the world thanks to the following facilities:
 Office buildings
 Shopping malls
 Apartments
 Leisure arrangements

In addition to their superb standards, these constructions are also safeguarded against earthquake.
He has had the distinction of being the richest real estate businessman of the world in 2008.He
started working at the American Universal Electric Company in 1960 and when it merged in
1979 with DLF Universal Limited, he assumed the position of the managing director. Under his
leadership DLF now has an approximate land quantity of 10,255 acres.

Sunil Bharti Mittal

In April 1976, at the tender age of 18 years Mittal, the Managing Director and Chairman of
Bharti Enterprises started making crankshafts for local bicycle makers and this was his first
business. He started with a capital of INR 20 thousand, loaned from his father.
He sold the yarn and bicycle parts factories in 1980 and went to Mumbai in 1984 where he
began assembling push-button phones. He was successful in winning one of the 4 licenses
that were initially auctioned in India in 1992.The government consented to his plans in 1994
and he initiated, in 1995, the services in Delhi. His organization Bharti Cellular Limited
started the brand AirTel. During November 2006 he entered into a joint venture with Wal-
Mart and started several retail outlets across the country.He started Bharti Comtel in July
2006 with several important officials from NIS Sparta, and Reliance ADAG. In recent years,
he has bought the Kuwait based Zain Telecom.
 Conclusion

To ensure their long-term survival, organizations must identify and move

managers through the four stages of leadership development:

1.) Individual Contributor— At this stage, you build credibility and build a network. It's
important to realize that, in the end, you and your network are one. Moving through
this stage requires the acquisition of network building skills and the use of these skills to
build a strong and broad network. The development of a reputation for performance,
ethics and judgment is a key aspect of this stage. In addition, obtaining a mentor early in
your career may be crucial to moving through the other management stages.

2.) Novice Manager— You need to fine-tune your organizational and time management
skills at this point. If you are to lead others, you need to be organized and be able to
coach them in order to manage their time and projects efficiently. You're also refining
the listening skills. One of the least experienced abilities are active listening and
communicating with others, you need to be an effective communicator. You also learn
about the rules of engagement or culture of your organization.

3.) Experienced Manager —At this stage, you have mastered the skills required from
previous stages and you can begin to take a holistic view of the organization. You
understand that there are competing dynamics between different departments and
stakeholders, and you are learning how to manage them for better results. Your mentor
can be more relevant than ever at this time. There are limited opportunities to learn the
skills required for this level of management outside mentors and to use external
coaching and development expertise. It is important for leaders at this stage to be open
to further development. Not all executives will be able to make a transition to a
transformation leader.

4.) Transformational Leader — At this stage, you can take a holistic view of the
organization and really optimize outcomes, both short-term and long-term strategically.
The transformational leader will be able to identify and assist in the development of
other managers within the organization and future leaders of the "groom." Leaders
create value for the company at this level. The transition director can use emotional
intelligence to use their developed skills.
 Bibliography
1.) https://www.mnsu.edu/activities/leadership/leadership_styles.pdf
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advice-managers-performance-review
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advice-managers-performance-review
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5.) https://www.mbaknol.com/management-principles/leadership-styles/
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pdf
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