Neotec Seminar: Application of

WELLFLO 7 to UBD Analysis

Day 1: Class Lectures

(1) Seminar Introduction

Overview of topics to be discussed and objective of analysis.

(2) Multiphase Flow Considerations in Under-Balanced Drilling.

Slide presentation of the importance of multiphase flow modelling to UBD

analysis and overview multiphase flow concepts and required parameters.

(3) Single Phase Flow in Wells

Discuss overall mechanical energy equation and the Fanning friction

factor equation for single phase flow.

(4) Basic Concepts in Multiphase Flow

Definition of multiphase flow terminology and basic concepts.

(5) Fluid Flow in Wells

Review of popular multiphase flow equations for modelling vertical two-

phase flow including flow regime prediction, liquid hold-up and frictional
pressure loss prediction methods and correlations.
 (6) Fluid Properties

Compositional and black-oil technologies for modelling fluid property

behaviour required for two-phase flow analysis. Include discussion of
simplified data modelling assumptions.

(7) Operating Envelope for UBD

Presentation of a target graphical representation of the operating envelope

of expected pressure loss performance for the annulus return of
commingled two phase flow of injection and production fluids.

(8) Application of Multiphase Flow to UBD Pilot Test Data

(9) Counter-Current Heat Transfer Analysis in UBD Application

Day 2: Use of WELLFLO 7 Computer Software

(1) Hands-on analysis of the annulus return of N2, Water and natural gas based on
injection of N2 and Water into a natural gas reservoir. Discussions to include
choice of various options for fluid property modelling and flow modelling and
Neotec recommended procedures. Sensitivity calculations will be performed
over a range of flowing temperatures and flow rates of the various phases and
an operating envelope for the well will be developed.

(2) Hands-on analysis of the drill string injection of N2 and Water for the above
case once the target rates and circulating pressures are determined in that case.
Discussions to include choice of various options for fluid property modelling
and flow modelling and Neotec recommendations. Sensitivity calculations
will be preformed to determine the importance of differing drill string ID’s
and flowing injection fluid temperatures.

(3) Hands-on analysis of the annulus return of natural gas and reservoir oil based
on natural gas and native oil injection into a depleted oil reservoir.
Discussions to include choice of various options for fluid property modelling
with emphasis on the black-oil technology options. Sensitivity calculations
will be performed to determine the effect of additional gas lift and a larger
drill string OD on the well performance.

(4) Hands-on analysis of the annulus return of an aqueous foam (water and N2).
An analysis will be done on an actual well in which foam was circulated and
pressure/temperature conditions were measured. Discussions to include
modelling options for the base liquid rheology and entry of the upper and
lower thresholds for foam stability.
 (5) Hands-on analysis of the full circulation of diesel and N2 with commingled
reservoir oil and gas production. A full analysis of the injection string and the
annulus return will be done on a proposed well to be drilled into a depleted oil
reservoir. Pressure profiles will be predicted for the flow of injected fluids in
the drill string and the flow of the commingled injection and production fluids
in the return annulus. Additionally, the analysis will include counter-current
heat transfer calculation for determination of the flowing fluid temperatures in
both the injection and return tubulars. Discussions to include modelling
options for the hydrocarbon liquid rheology of both the injected diesel and the
produced oil.

Day 3: Further use of WELLFLO 7 Computer Software

(1) Hands-on analysis of a UBD well – data to be provided by the class attendees.