Students’ name: Bui Phuong Anh

Dan Thi Thuy Anh

Nguyen Huong Giang

Class: QH2015.F1.E3

Presentation Assignment: Transitivity

I. Transitivity

The clause — like any other grammatical unit — is a multifunctional construct consisting of three
metafunctional lines of meaning: textual meaning, interpersonal meaning and ideational meaning.

Textual
clause as a message
(theme + rheme)
Interpersonal
clause as an exchange
(mood + residue)

Types of meaning

experimental

Ideational
clause as a representation logical

“Transitivity is the third mode of meaning in the organization of the clause – the experimental line of
organization. Besides being a mode of action, of giving and demanding, the clause is also a mode of reflection,
of imposing order on the endless variation and flow of events. This flow of events is chunked into quanta of
change by the grammar of the clause: each quantum of change is modelled as a figure – a figure of happening,
doing, sensing, saying, being or having. All figures consist of a process unfolding through time and of
participants being directly involved in this process in some way; and in addition there may be circumstance of
time, space, cause, manner or one of a few other types. The transitivity system construes the world of
experience into a manageable set of PROCESS TYPES.”

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 Fig. The grammar of experience: types of process in English

1. Material process

‘Material’ clauses are clauses of doing-&-happening and the flow of events takes place through some input
of energy. The source of the energy bringing about the change is typically a participant — the Actor. In
many cases, the action may be represented as affecting or being done to a second participant: this particular
participant is called the Goal.

He had been shaving.

The fire had destroyed everything.
Actor Process: material Goal

2. Mental process

‘Mental’ clauses are concerned with our experience of the world of our own consciousness. This process of
sensing may be construed either as flowing from a person’s consciousness or as impinging on it; but it is
not construed as a material act. The person in whose mind the process occurs is called the Senser while the
process is directed at the Phenomenon.

She could hear his voice

She liked what he did
Senser Process: mental Phenomenon

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3. Relational process: process of being and having

‘Relational’ clauses with three most common different types serve to characterize and to identify.

The first type is called an attributive relational process; and the two participants are the Carrier and the
Attribute.

He is not a very good painter.

She was an art student.
Carrier Process: relational Attribute

The second type is called an identifying relational process, which is used to identify one entity in terms of
another. The participants are labelled Identified and the Identifier.

My name is Edward.
This used to be our dining room.
Identified Process: relational Identifier

The third type is called possessive relational process; and the participants are labelled as the Possessor and
the Possessed.

She has long, dark hair.

This inkstand used to belong to Nelson.
Possessor Process: relational Possessed

4. Other types of process

4.1.Behavioral process

These are processes of (typically human) physiological and psychological behavior, like breathing,
coughing, smiling, dreaming and staring. They are the least distinct of all the six process types because they
have no clearly defined characteristics of their own; rather, they are partly like the material and partly like
the mental. The participant who is ‘behaving’, labelled Behaver, is typically a conscious being, like the
Senser; the Process is grammatically more like one of ‘doing’.

She gave a faint sigh.

The boys laughed an embarrassed laugh.
Behaver Process: behavioral Range

4.2.Verbal process

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 The verbal process is intermediate between mental and material process: saying something is a physical
action which reflects mental operations. There is one participant that is involved in any verbal process: this
is the Sayer. Another participant that may be involved is the Receiver.

The commander had threated to arrest me

She told one interviewer
Sayer Process: verbal Receiver

4.3.Existential process

These represent that something exists or happens and normally is recognizable because the Subject is ‘there’.
There is only one participant in such clauses: the Existent.

There is a man at the door

There was a painting on the wall
Process Existent

5. Circumstances

Circumstances essentially encode the background against which the process takes place. One way into
exploring the possible categories is by looking at the different questions to which the circumstances provides
answers. Partly on this basis, Halliday proposes nine main types of circumstantial elements.

Types of circumstance Subcategories Probe Example

Extent temporal for how long? for three hours
spatial how far? for six miles
Location temporal when? in September
spatial where? in the market
Manner how? quickly
Cause why? for better results
Contingency in what circumstances? in the event of rain
in spite of the rain
Accompaniment together with? with his friends
Role what as? into pieces
Matter what about? with reference to that
Angel says who? according to Geoff

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II. The distribution of the types of process in 2 essays

We have collected two essays on the topic Most societies have its homeless people. Some people think that the
best way to help them is to give them money. To what extent do you agree? You should write at least 250 words.
With a view to thoroughly exploring the experiential meaning and transitivity in the two texts, we are going to
analyze all the clauses even when they are embedded. This means that there are some levels of analysis.
Embedded clauses not only have their own transitivity structures but also function as parts in the transitivity
structure of the main clause.

1. The transitivity analysis in Essay A

Despite their growing economies, many countries still have their fair share of homeless people.

Many countries still have their fair share of homeless people.

Possessor Pr: relational (possessive) Possessed

This gives some people the thought that the best method to support them is to provide them with money.
This gives some people the thought
Actor Pr: material beneficiary Goal

that the best method to support them is to provide them with money.
Carrier Pr: relational (attribution) attribute cir

Personally, I disagree with this notion for two main reasons.

I disagree with this notion for two main reasons.
Senser Pr: mental Phenomenon

Firstly, handing out money to the homeless can take toll on the government’s budget.
Handing out money to the homeless can take toll on the government’s budget.
Carrier Pr: relational (attribute) Attribute

If the government decided to start giving out money to the homeless, they would have to provide it to all of
them as to give them a sense of equality.
the government decided to start giving money to the homeless,
Senser Pr: mental Phenomenon

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 they would have to it to all of them as to give them a sense of equality.
provide
Actor Pr: material Goal beneficiary cir

As a result, the government may have to use up their budget and raise taxes to find the fund for this financial
support.
the government may have to use up their budget and raise taxes
Actor Pr: material Goal Pr: material Goal
to find the fund for this financial support.
cir

For example, the United States is one of the world leaders in the number of homeless people.
the United States is one of the world leaders in the number of homeless
people.
Identified Pr: relational (identification) Identifier

If they started to donate money to the homeless, they would either have to go overbudget and create an
insurmountable debt or raise taxes.
they started to donate money to the homeless,
Actor Pr: material Goal Beneficiary

they would either have to go overbudget and create an insurmountable debt or raise taxes
Actor material Goal Pr: material Goal

This could result in not only widespread discontentment among taxpayers and prejudice towards the
homeless but also domestic economic downturn.
This could result in not only widespread discontentment among taxpayers and
prejudice towards the homeless but also domestic economic
downturn.
Carrier Pr: relational (attribution) Attribute

Secondly, providing homeless people with money could do more harm than help them.

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 Providing homeless could do more harm than than help them.
people with money
Actor Pr: material Goal Pr: material Goal

Were the homeless given money by the government and benefactors on a regular basis, they would become
dependent on their helpers and stop trying to make changes to be free from living under the poverty line.
Were the homeless given money by the government and benefactors on a regular basis,
Process beneficiary material Goal Actor cir

they would become dependent their and stop trying to make changes to be free from
on their helper living under the
poverty line.
Carrier Pr: relational (attribution) Attribute Pr: material Goal cir

As a consequence, the problem of homeless people would only deteriorate, not changing for the better.
the problem of homeless would only deteriorate, not change for the better.
people
Actor Pr: material Pr: material Goal

A prime example of this would be the homeless living in Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates.
A prime example of this would be the homeless living Saudi Arabia and United
Arab Emirates.
Identified Pr: relational (Identification) Identifier

Considering how rich the upper class is, the homeless tends to rely on the money they are given and do not
even try to improve their lives.
the homeless tends to the money they are given and do not even try to improve their lives.
reply on
Carrier Pr: Attribute Pr: material Goal
relational
(attribution)

On the other hand, giving homeless people money can be a temporary solution.
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 giving homeless people money can be a temporary solution.
Carrier Pr: relational (attribution) Attribute

Giving the impoverished money could help them and even their families pull through difficult time and
maybe provide them with the prospect of a better future.
Giving the impoverished money could help them and even their families to pull through
difficult time
Actor Pr: material Goal cir
and maybe them with the prospect of a
provide better future.
Pr: material Goal cir

In conclusion, providing the homeless with financial support is only a short-term solution to this social
problem.
providing the homeless with is only a short-term solution to this social
financial support problem.
Carrier Pr: relational (attribution) Attribute

In the long run, the government along with the people have to come up with notions to not only help the
homeless but also does not affect the nation’s budget and individuals’ benefits.
to not only help the
the government along with the people have to come up with goals
homeless but also does
not affect the nation’s
budget and
individuals’ benefits.

Actor Pr: material Goal cir

In total, the distribution of the types of process in the first essay is as following:

Types of process Numbers of clause Percentage

Relational 10/29 34.5%

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 Material 17/29 58.6%

Mental 2/29 6.9%

2. The transitivity analysis in Essay B

Social problems are diverse and ubiquitous in every country, which inevitably includes vagrancy.

Social problems are diverse and ubiquitous in every country,

Carrier Pr: Relational (attribution) Attribute Cir: Location

which inevitably includes vagrancy.

Possessor Cir: Range Pr: Relational (possess) Possessed

This has sparked a heated controversy over the appropriateness of people giving these homeless people
money and considering this the optimum way to help them.
This has sparked a heated controversy over the
appropriateness of
Actor Pr: Material Goal Cir: Matter

people giving these homeless people money

Actor Pr: Material Beneficiary Goal

(people) considering this the optimum way to help them

Pr: Material Goal Cir: Cause

Altruistic as it may sound, I am by no means convinced that helping people with no shelter means
offering them money.
Altruistic as it may sound,
Attribute Carrier Pr: Relational

I am by no means that helping people with no shelter means

convinced offering them money.
Senser Pr: Mental Cir: Phenomenon

that helping people with no means offering them money.

shelter

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 Identified Pr: Relational Identifier

First and foremost, giving money to the down-and-out will be a rooting factor for the deterioration of
economy in many aspects.
giving money to will be a rooting factor for the in many
the down-and- deterioration of aspects.
out economy
Carrier Pr: Relational Attribute Cir: Matter Cir: Extent

Providing vagrants with money might make them preserve an illusion that money could be gained
effortlessly.
Providing vagrants might make them preserve an illusion that money could be
with money gained effortlessly.
Actor Pr: Material Goal

them preserve an illusion that money could be

gained effortlessly
Possessor Pr: Relational Possessed Cir: Matter
(possession)

money could be gained effortlessly

Goal Pr: Material Cir: Manner

While one has to work diligently and exhaustively every day to earn a living, homeless people can
merely stay in their spots and passively receive others’ money.
one has to work diligently and every day to earn a living
exhaustively
Actor Pr: Material Cir: Manner Cir: Extent Cir: Cause

homeless people can merely stay in their sport

Actor Pr1: Cir: Manner Material Cir: Location
and passively receive other’s money.
Cir: Manner Pr2: Material Goal

Day by day, that doing nothing creates profits makes them lackadaisically live on the work of others and
not search for a proper job to do,

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 that doing nothing makes them lackadaisically live on the work of
creates profits others and not search for a proper job to do
Actor Pr: Material Goal

them lackadaisically live on the work of others

Actor Cir: Manner Pr1: Material Cir: contingency
not search for a proper job to do
Pr2: Material Cir: Cause

not to mention the fact that this could establish an inappropriate pattern for other normal people who
might even quit their jobs to become homeless to make ends meet.
not to mention the fact that this could establish an inappropriate pattern for other
normal people who might even quit their jobs to become homeless to
make ends meet.
Pr: Material Goal

this could establish an inappropriate pattern for other normal

people who might even quit their jobs to
become homeless to make ends meet.
Actor Pr: Material Goal

who might even quit their job to become homeless

Actor Pr: Material Goal Cir: Cause

Not only will this reduce significantly a large amount of workforce, even sanguine or not, but the
blooming in vagabonds will afflict adversely the country’s image, hence their tourism industry and
economy will suffer.
Not only will this reduce significantly a large even
amount of sanguine or
workforce, not,
Pr: Actor Material Cir: Manner Goal Cir: Manner

the blooming in will afflict adversely the country’s image

vagabonds
Actor Pr: Material Cir: Manner Goal

their tourism industry and economy will suffer.

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 Actor Pr: Material

Another factor that should be taken into thorough consideration is that the financial incentives given to
the homeless might not be utilized effectually and efficiently in the end.
Another factor that is that the financial incentives given to the
should be taken into homeless might not be utilized effectually and
thorough efficiently in the end.
consideration
Identified Pr: Relational Identifier

the financial might not be utilized effectually and in the end.

incentives efficiently
given to the
homeless
Goal Pr: Material Cir: Manner Cir: Location

It is of common acknowledgement that many people of no fixed abode are not really that miserable since
a large number of them do have houses and normal families,
It is of common that many people of no fixed abode are not really that
acknowledgement miserable since a large number of them do have
houses and normal families
Pr: Relational Carrier Attribute
(Attribution)

many people of no fixed abode are not really that miserable

Pr: Relational (Attribution) Carrier Cir: Manner Attribute

a large number of them do have houses and normal families

Possessor Pr: Relational (Possession) Possessed

yet they resort to vagrancy as a way to earn money due to jobs unavailability, thus lead stable lives.
they resort to vagrancy as a way to earn money due to
unavailability
Actor Pr1: Material Cir: Matter Cir: Cause
lead stable lives.
Pr2: Material Goal

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Furthermore, many tramps are involved in social disasters, like using drug or drug dealing, which
highly likely leads to their recommitment in these types of crimes when they have money.
many tramps are involved in social disasters, like using drug or drug
dealing,
Attribute Pr: Relational (Attribute) Carrier

which highly leads to their when they

likely recommitment in have money
these types of
crimes
Attribute Cir: Pr: Relational Carrier Cir: Location
Manner (Attribute)

In this way, the vicious circle of poverty in which the homeless are in either states of having money or
squandering them on their addiction might never end.
the vicious circle of in which the homeless are might never end.
poverty in either states of having
money and squandering
them on their addiction
Actor Cir: Contingency Pr: Cir: Extent Material

the homeless are in either states of having money

or squandering them on their
addiction
Carrier Pr: Relational Attribute
(Attribution)

Considering all these factors, giving financial support to the homeless is not advisable as it is
apparently not the best way to help them, yet it is still an act of benevolence and sympathy if one aspire
to take.
Considering all these factors
Pr: Material Goal

giving financial support to the homeless is not advisable

Carrier Pr: Relational (Attribution) Attribute

it is apparently not the best way to help them

Identified Pr: Cir: Manner Relational Identifier
(Identification)

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 it is still an act of benevolence and sympathy
Carrier Pr: Relational Attribute
(Attribution)

The situations mentioned above do not apply to all cases, which might spare some demand for aid in
case of the disability or the vagrants who are indeed in need.
The situations mentioned above do not apply to all cases,
Actor Pr: Material Goal

which might spare some demand for aid in case of the disability or the vagrants
who are indeed in need.
Actor Pr: Material Goal Cir: Contingence

who are indeed in need

Carrier Pr: Relational Attribute
(Attribution)

Therefore, it would be more justifiable if people donate their money to a charity, or to help build a
homeless shelter in which money can be used wisely and strategically.
(it) would be more justifiable if people donate their money to a charity, or
to help build a homeless shelter in which
money can be used wisely and strategically.
Pr: Relational Attribute Carrier
(Attribution)

people donate their money to a charity

Actor Pr1: Material Goal Cir: Location
build a homeless shelter in which money can
be used wisely and
strategically
Pr2: Material Goal Cir: Location

money can be used wisely and strategically

Goal Pr: Material Cir: Manner

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 In total, the distribution of the types of process in the two essays is reported as following:

Numbers of clause Percentage

Types of process
Essay A Essay B Essay A Essay B

Relational 10/29 18/45 34.5% 40.0%

Material 17/29 26/45 58.6% 57.8%

Mental 2/29 1/45 6.9% 3.2%

Other 0/29 0/45 0% 0%

3. Comparison

According to the table, there are 29 processes in Essay A, while 45 processes are used in Essay B. It can
be clearly seen that the total number of processes in Essay B is larger, granted that Essay B is longer and
more complex in terms of grammatical structures. However, there is a resemblance in the pattern of
processes in the two essays:

According to the table above, the process selection was with the Material as the highest, which comprises
of 58.6% in Essay A and 57.8% in Essay B; followed by the use of Relational Process. Amongst 45
processes of Essay B, there are up to 18 of Relational type (40%). The same pattern can be detected in Essay
A where 17/29 processes are Relational.

It should be highlighted that the two writers rarely used the Mental Process (once in Essay B hay twice
and Essay A), not to mention that there are no traces of Existential, Verbal or Behavioral Processes used in
both of the essays.

III. Relations between the process distribution and the contents and the purpose of the writing
Before we seek for the relation between the process distributions with the writing, it is necessary to look back
to the content and purpose of it. The analyzed essays are of argumentative type which were written to express the
authors’ opinions and convince the readers by their sound reasoning and substantial evidence. The essays are
anticipated to be as persuasive as possible so that readers can be convinced. The content of both texts is about a
serious social issue which is inherent in many countries. It can be said with this content and purpose, the writings
should present a certain degree of objectivity in arguments and factual elements in the supporting examples so as

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to achieve high level of persuasiveness. Through our careful analysis, both essays show a close relation between
the process distribution and the contents and the purpose of the writing:

The high frequency of Material process in these argumentative essays can be explained by the fact that the
content of the writing centers around methods or actions to support the homeless: how this method could better
or worsen the situation, what effect this method would bring about, what the homeless would do when receiving
this kind of support, etc. With this contents, it is easy to understand why authors choose to use ‘Material’ clauses
- clauses of doing-&-happening. It should also be noted that in the Material process of most clauses, the Actors
are often the actions or facts instead of human. For example, in Essay A, the Actors of the process are ‘this’
(which refers to a fact given in the previous sentence), ‘the problem of homeless people’, etc. The similarity can
be found in essay B as we distinguish the Actors ‘the blooming in vagabonds’, and ‘this’ (which refers to a fact
given in the previous sentence).

The second type is the Relational process, which is used to describe the appearance of the phenomenon and
the qualities of the relevant participants. In both essays, the writers use this kind of process quite frequently to
identify the participants, giving the reader a clear view of the mentioned ones. For instance, in Essay A, ‘prime
example’ is identified by ‘the homeless living in Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates’. Should we trace back
to the previous sentence, we can understand that the actual Identified participant is the deteriorated ‘problem of
homeless people’. We can also find a similar case in Essay B: ‘it’ (giving financial support to the homeless) is
identified ‘not the best way to help’. Through the former example, it can be seen that Relational process does help
writer have strong grounds for his arguments while the later example proves that this type of process contributes
greatly to the expression of the author’s opinions and attitudes.

One of the three main processes in Transitivity is Mental process, however it is rarely used in both essays.
The significant and meaningful use of Mental process is only detected in the last sentence of the opening
paragraph. This is eminently reasonable since in this particular sentence, the writers are supposed to show their
opinions and attitudes explicitly. In other paragraphs of arguments and supporting details, however, Mental
process are not used frequently to avoid high level of subjectivity, hence lower level of persuasiveness.

Besides the three aforementioned types of process, the writers do not use other types such as Behavioral and
Verbal processes. This is plausible since academic writing does make use of Behavioral process clauses frequently
(Babaii & Hansary, 2005) as it allows the involvement of human consciousness, hence reduction of the text’s
potential objectivity.

IV. Effects of such realization on the construction of the arguments that the writers make

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 Based on thorough analysis of the relation between process distribution and the content as well as the purpose
of the writing, we draw out some conclusions about the effects such realization on the construction of the
arguments that the writers make.

As we have mentioned before, we would expect a high degree of persuasiveness in an argumentative essay and
through the main use of Material and Relational processes, the purpose of the essays can be achieved. According
to Halliday & Matthiessen (1989), transitivity differentiates clearly between the process of the outer world (e.g.
Material and Relational) and the inner consciousness (e.g. Mental). Therefore, the high frequent use of the outer
processes in the two essays creates a sense of objectivity and impersonality, which forms an impression that the
presented arguments are based on objective factors, hence reliability and persuasiveness. Additionally, Relational
process is utilized to attribute the writers’ attitudes on the matter, yet the attitudes are not explicitly expressed as
when we use Mental process but remain objective through the use of Relational Process.

Throughout the essays, besides the use of 2 main types of process, we should also notice the use of many
Circumstances, especially the Manner Type, which reveals a lot about the attitudes of the writers and contributes
greatly to the persuasiveness of the essays.

V. Suggestions

We are of the opinion that the two writers have wise choices of processes on the constructions of their
arguments; hence achievement of their purpose of writing. Concerning that the use of Material and Relational
processes for an argumentative essay proves effective, we would not propose any suggestions to change the whole
pattern of process distribution in both writing, yet next time, both writers may consider employing Existential
process so as to add variety to the construction of the text, while remaining the objectivity and impersonality.

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REFERENCES

Babaii, E. & Ansary, H. (2005). On the Effect of Disciplinary Variation on Transitivity: The Case of Academic
Book Reviews. Asian EFL Journal.

Babaii, E., & Ansary, H. (n.d.). On the Effect of disciplinary on Transitivity. Asean EFL Journal.

Matthiessen, C., & Halliday, M. A. (1989). Introduction to Functional Grammar. Language,65(4), 862.

Thompson, G. (1996). Introducing Functional Grammar. London: Arnold.

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APPENDIX

Most societies have its homeless people. Some people think that the best way to help them is to give them money.
To what extent do you agree?

Essay A:

Despite their growing economies, many countries still have their fair share of homeless people. This gives
some people the thought that the best method to support them is to provide them with money. Personally, I
disagree with this notion for two main reasons.

Firstly, handing out money to the homeless can take toll on the government’s budget. If the government
decided to start giving out money to the homeless, they would have to provide it to all of them as to give them a
sense of equality. As a result, the government may have to use up their budget and raise taxes to find the fund for
this financial support. For example, the United States is one of the world leaders in the number of homeless people.
If they started to donate money to the homeless, they would either have to go overbudget and create an
insurmountable debt or raise taxes. This could result in not only widespread discontentment among taxpayers and
prejudice towards the homeless but also domestic economic downturn.

Secondly, providing homeless people with money could do more harm than help them. Were the homeless
given money by the government and benefactors on a regular basis, they would become dependent on their helpers
and stop trying to make changes to be free from living under the poverty line. As a consequence, the problem of
homeless people would only deteriorate, not changing for the better. A prime example of this would be the
homeless living in Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates. Due to how rich the upper class is, the homeless tends
to rely on the money they are given and do not even try to improve their lives.

On the other hand, giving homeless people money can be a temporary solution. Giving the impoverished
money could help them and even their families to pull through difficult time and maybe provide them with the
prospect of a better future.

In conclusion, providing the homeless with financial support is only short-term solution to this social problem.
In the long run, the government along with the people have to come up with notions to not only help the homeless
but also does not affect the nation’s budget and individuals’ benefits.

Essay B

Social problems are diverse and ubiquitous in every country, which inevitably includes vagrancy. This has
sparked a heated controversy over the appropriateness of people giving these homeless people money and
considering this the optimum way to help them. Altruistic as it may sound, I am by no means convinced that
helping people with no shelter means offering them money.
19
 First and foremost, giving money to the down-and-out will be a rooting factor for the deterioration of economy
in many aspects. Providing vagrants with money might make them preserve an illusion that money could be
gained effortlessly. While one has to work diligently and exhaustively every day to earn a living, homeless people
can merely stay in their spots and passively receive others’ money. Day by day, that doing nothing creates profits
makes them lackadaisically live on the work of others and not search for a proper job to do, not to mention the
fact that this could establish an inappropriate pattern for other normal people who might even quit their jobs to
become homeless to make ends meet. Not only will this reduce significantly a large amount of workforce, even
sanguine or not, but the blooming in vagabonds will afflict adversely on the country’s image, hence their tourism
industry and economy.

Another factor that should be taken into thorough consideration is that the financial incentives given to the
homeless might not be utilized effectually and efficiently in the end. It is of common acknowledgement that many
people of no fixed abode are not really that miserable since a large number of them do have houses and normal
families, yet they resort to vagrancy as a way to earn money due to jobs unavailability, thus lead stable lives.
Furthermore, many tramps are involved in social disasters, like using drug or drug dealing, which highly likely
leads to their recommitment in these types of crimes when they have money. In this way, the vicious circle of
poverty in which the homeless are in either states of having money and squandering them on their addiction might
never end.

Considering all these factors, giving financial support to the homeless is not advisable as it is apparently not
the best way to help them, yet it is still an act of benevolence and sympathy if one aspire to take. The situations
mentioned above do not apply to all cases, which might spare some demand for aid in case of the disability or the
vagrants who are indeed in need. Therefore, it would be more justifiable if people donate their money to a charity,
or to help build a homeless shelter in which money can be used wisely and strategically.

By and large, these above mentioned demerits has overturned the prevailing notion of giving homeless people
money, which are exposed in the country’s economic aspect and inefficiency. It is also noted that people should
place more focus on the social paradigms for homeless shelter to better resolve the predicament.

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CONTRIBUTION REPORT

Member Content Presentation

1. Bui Phuong Anh - Finding 2 essays to analyze - Theoretical background:

Transitivity
- Theoretical background: Transitivity
- Analysis of 2 essays and
- Analysis of Essay 1
comparison

2. Dan Thi Thuy Anh - Analysis of Essay 2 & Comparison - Relations between the process
distribution and the content &
- Relations between the process
purpose of the essay
distribution and the content &
purpose of the essays

- Suggestions

3. Nguyen Huong Giang - Effects of such realization on the - Effects of such realization on
construction of the arguments that the construction of the
the writers make arguments that the writers
make

- Suggestions

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