IMPORTANCE OF LEADERSHIP CHARACTERISTICS AND 1

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE IN A BUSINESS ORGANIZATION

Student MOHAMMAD IMLAQ
Name
Student ID 2019100842
Student of Master in Tourism Management
Course Management
Institute International Institute of Chinese
Language and Culture
University Dongbei University of Finance and
Economics
Lecturer DR. SAMRAT HAZRA
Name
What is Leadership 2

 "Leadership is a process of giving purpose

(meaningful direction) to collective effort, and causing
willing effort to be expended to achieve purpose.” -
Jacobs & Jaques (1990, p.281)
 "Leadership is a process whereby an individual
influences a group of individuals to achieve a
common goal."- Northouse (2004, p 3)

 Ability to evaluate and/or forecast a long term

plan or policy and influence the followers towards
the achievement of the said strategy.(Adeoye
Mayowa: A Leadership Manager in Nigeria
(2009)
 CHARACTERISTICS OF LEADERSHIP 3

AUTOCRATIC LEADERSHIP
Definition: Boss/one person controls all the decisions(make choices
or decisions based on their own beliefs and do not involve others for
their suggestion or advice).

Quick Decision Making Creative idea is not utilized

Close Supervision Forced to follow direction

Absolute Control Higher Employee Turnover

Focused Target Lack off Motivation

less competent Required Less Productivity

Satisfactory Work Leader Dependence
 CHARACTERISTICS OF LEADERSHIP 4

 Definition: leaders decentralize authority (consultation with

subordinates and their participation for plans and policies)&
encourages participation in decision-making.

Higher motivation and improved morale
Freedom for follower to make decision
It works to promote the free flow of ideas
 Encourages trust and respect throughout the
team
Leader is being more competent
 It takes an open and honest mind
 More diverse set of ideas
 Create a robust vision for the future
 It allows teams to develop more strength.
× Requires extra time to implement a decision
× Ineffective during crisis situations
× Relies on the expertise of the team to be useful
× Often deal with rejection
× Sometimes encourage workplace procrastination
× Very rare for a team to reach a consensus decision
× Encourages no one to take responsibility for a bad idea
 CHARACTERISTICS OF LEADERSHIP 5

Focus on employee welfare Definition:

High employee loyalty
Decision made with employee interest
Less Staff turnover
Communication between employee and Manager
No Competition among employees
Manager meet employee social needs
“Dominant male applies his organizational
power to lead a group(fatherly
managerial approach to control, guard,
punish and reward his subordinates or
followers)”

Employees do not use their creative

and imaginative skills
Employee rely on leader
Power Struggle
Slow down decision making
 CHARACTERISTICS OF LEADERSHIP 6

Definition: Laissez-faire leadership :leaders are hands-

off and allow group members to make the decisions. allowed
to work as they choose with minimal or no interference.
Merits
Demerits
 Lack of role awareness
 Poor involvement with the group
 Low accountability
 Ineffective for inexperienced team member
 It allows leaders to avoid leadership
 Difficult to adapt to changing situations

 Encourages team members to explore new ideas.

 Eempower employees and boost productivity
 Creates an environment of independence
 People with the most experience to shine
 Allow to maximize Leadership Skills
Management system that
includes a president, ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 7
CEO and, in some cases,
a board of directors at TALL STRUCTURE-VERTICAL
the top, a middle level of
department managers,
•Authority and Responsibility are
and a lower level of
clearly defined
supervisors and team
•Has many levels of hierarchy
leaders.
•Close supervisory control
•Clear progress and promotion Ladder
•Decision Making centralized at top
•More Mentoring

•High Management Cost

•Slow Decision Making
•Slow Communication
•Employee are less motivated
•Less rewards given to staff
•Subordinate have less freedom
 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 8

FLAT STRUCTURE-HORIZONTAL
Structure with few or no levels of middle
management between staff and executives.

Fast Decision Making

Direct Communication
Has few level of hierarchy
More democratic

High Managerial work load

Less opportunity for promotion
Less clear specific job function
Difficult to Coordinate between
subordinates
 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 9

MATRIX STRUCTURE
Definition. Structure in
which the reporting
relationships are set up as
a grid, or matrix, rather
than in the traditional
hierarchy.
Opportunity to learn new Skill
Clear articulation of project objectives
Efficient use of limite human resources
Rapid information flow through the
project
Boost Teamwork Concept

Confusion of Command
Increases organizational complexity
Lost time in Coordinating
Power Struggles and Conflicts

CONCLUSION
Leadership is achieved through
interaction between leader, follower
and environment
Companies needs to select
leadership style and managements
structure according to their business.
Every leadership style and
organisational structure has its own
function suitable for different
condition.
There must be checks and balances
within the organization that provide
feedback on effectiveness of a
leader.
References
10
1. Kellerman, Barbara. (2004). Bad leadership: what it is, how it happens,
why it mattersHarvar Business Press. ISBN1591391660, 9781591391661
2. https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/1991/18/18_chapter%203.pdf
3. https://www.thebalancesmb.com/leadership-definition-2948275
4. http://adeoyemayowaleadership.blogspot.com/
5. https://www.tutor2u.net/business/reference/leadership-styles
6. https://connectusfund.org/8-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-democratic-leadership-
style
7. https://www.google.com/search?q=marriott+hotel+leadership+style&rlz=1C1ZCEB_enU
S816US816&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjhhajYp7flAhUtuVkKHfDOBIwQ_AUIDSg
A&biw=1452&bih=648&dpr=0.9
8. https://connectusfund.org/17-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-paternalistic-leadership
9. https://www.brighthubpm.com/resource-management/77233-examples-of-companies-
with-autocratic-leadership/
10. https://www.career2nextorbit.com/article/300/10-leadership-styles-with-examples
11. ttps://www.cleverism.com/paternalistic-leadership-guide/
12. https://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-disadvantages-matrix-organizational-
structures-business-organizations-26350.html