so1s @ 4 co. amin! seam poverpomiscosiee Meeps oe peti sme baum les a alain ce wiaopen nies nse ms at fae dentine MESMRE phn insets eases oe neoulchcens otactommmuceicaroieamemee Assumptions | Sicaly operating conditions exist 2 Kinetic and potential energy changes ae negligible. 3 Air is an ideal gas ‘with variable specific heats. age 0) The rect acre yn Tbe Ty = 300K —> fy = 300,19 keg 1386 J, = (14{1.386)= 1940 > hy = 635 5k 1400 K > hng = 1S1S.A2 Mg = 4505 From the steam tables (Tables Al, A-5, 4-6), hy = hy gzoun, =25142 Klik #\=¥ ya sun = 0001017 mike hy hy + Wye = 251424 059=252.01 klk by = hy eosenee = 67038 Kg 5 = pcg wn =0.001101 mfkg y= hey + Wig y = 670.384 8.15 = 6783 KI MPa jor ungfax kn DA = Ditch, —+ ninfts ha) ahaa ne) = aS: SACRE 299 ug air ig steam (b) Noting that Q 2 = Ake Ape 2 0 forthe open FWH, the steady-flow energy balance equation yields Bahay Agee OM 2 Ena lw Dich = Latah, ty hy sigh, —o yh, (1-9 = ‘Thus, Ay-iiy _ 67038 -252.01 F561= 25201 aly mite + (hae —s) 1394 — 2586.1 + (1-0.1792\2586.1— 2095 2)= 95623 kik =0.1792 (the fraction of steam extracted) Wasgtaen = MF — Waa = Wr (I= Ys — Mp =956.23--(-0.17920.59}- 8.15 = 948.56 Ki, Mage = r= Wea = (ho hn) Clo —ha) 1518.42 735.8 (5.5 -300.19)=444. 3g ‘Thenet work output per unit mass of gasis = Wyaen + Tecan = 4443+ (048.56) = 5408 hg Figg _ 450,000 ahs fag Tine 319.7 Wing 87M and dngMhy —h,) = (B18S ky J515.42 635.5) Ling = 720,218 LW (0 ng Ne = OE, 04 720,215kW1041 Bl poten in sremaia eff tise pest ocn ae mops © sor Bel naet parconaeey atone _Aualysis The problem is salved using EES, and the solution is given below. “Input data? TE] = 300 IK] "Gas compressor inlet” "Assumed air infet pressure” ‘Pressure ratio for gas compressor “Gas turbine inlet” "Gas exit temperature fom Gas-to-steam heat exchanger” “Assumed air exit pressure” PIs] = 9000 kPa] “Steam turbine inet” [5] =(400*273) Ik" “Steam turtine iniet™ Pie] = 600 [kPa] “Extraction pressure for steam open feedwater heater” Piz] = 20 [kPa] “Steam condenser pressure" “GAS POWER CYCLE ANALYSIS" "Gas Compressor anaysis" 98]-ENTROPY (Air,T=T[8]P=P[8) $89=s{8] ‘For the ideal case the entropies are constant across the compressor” PIS] = Pratio" PIB] ‘Ts9-temperature(Air;s=ss9 P=P(9])"Ts9 is the isentropic value of T[g] atcompressor exit” Eta_comp = w_gas_comp_isen/w_gas_comp “compressor adiabatic efficiency, w_comp > w_comp_isen* hI6I+ w_gas_comp_isen =hs9"SSSF conservation of energy for the isentropic compressor, assuming: adiabatic, ke=pe=0 per unit gas mass flow rate in ka/s b[SIFENTHALPY (Air,T=T[8)) hS9-ENTHALPY(Air,T=Ts9) HIB] + w_gas_comp~h{S)"SSSF conservation of energy for the actual compressor, assuming: adiabate, ke=e=0" TP temperature(Air,t=h)}) s{9)=ENTROPY (Aic,T=T[9]P=P{9) “Gas Cycle Extemal heat exchanger analysis” h{S] + qin = N{10)"SSSF conservation of energy forthe extemal heatexchanger, assuming W=0, ke=pe=0" h[1O}=ENTHALPY(Aie,T=T[10) PLi)=FIg] “Assume process 9-10 is SSSF constant pressure” Q_dot_in"MNr*1000"KWILN"=m_dot_gas'g_in $51 1=8{10] "For the ideal case the entropies are constant across the turbine” PIit] =P{10}/Pratio ‘Ts11-temperature(Air,-$511 P=P[t 1))"Ts11 is the isentiopic value af T[1 1] at gas turbine ext” Eta_gas_turb =w_gas_ tub /w_gas_turb_isen “gas turbine adiabatic efficiency, w_gas_turb_isen > w_gas tut + hs11"SSSF canservation af energy for the isentropic gas wibine, acsuming, hg 1-ENTHALPY (Air. T=Ts11) hf10]= w_gas tub + h[11[SSSF conservation of enemy for the actual gas turbine, assuming: adiabatic, ke=pe=t" Tit t}-temperature(aich=ht 1) (1 1]ENTROPY(Air,T=T[1 1}P=P{1 1)“Gas-fo-Steam Heat Exchanger” ““SSSF conservation of energy for the gas-lo-steam heat exchanger, assuming: adiabatic, ‘Wa0, kenpeso" 1m dot_gas h(t] + m_dol_steam*hi4] = m_dot_gasth{12] + m_dot_stesmhiS] TUAZREN THALP YUAN TT 12) {s2)8ENTROPY(Ale T7112) PAPTEZ]) “STEAM CYCLE ANALYSIS" “Steam Condenser exit pump or Pump 1 ansiysis" ‘Fluid$='Steam_|APWS* Aaa Hretapytacs ere ‘{Soturatediguid} “Open Pie state Po] sr ou connate tee NGlrenthalpy(FluidS P=PB].x=0) “Condensate leaves heater assat. quid st Pl ‘Tpijstempersture(Fluids P=P ps] 30) f3)=enropy(Fluid$ P= F{3] 3-0) ee oF Pump 2 analysis" spre PNG NAT SF ttc neyo ur nnaeg ote chen ‘_pump2=a_pump2_s/Ete_pump “Definition of pump effidency” HG}rw_pumpd= his] “Sieady-flow sf] =eniropy(FiuidS.P=P{4).h=hld)) ‘Tii]=temperature(FiuidS, P= Pfs] n=h{4]) steam pumps © (taj pump t¢ w pune? “Total steam pure work inpul mass steam” mkermapar us ets een sBlreniropy(Fhukss PePiS] ToT] “SSG conservation of energy for fe seam tubine: adiabatic, neglect ke and pe" 1S] = w-steam pub * 76) 4S 871 “Steam Condenser {hyena MT SSSF corctionf wom rhe Conde ms Sor e Statistics’ 80s aoe “Cyde MassRtio_castosieam =m _dot_gasim dot steam W_dot_net’Conven (WW, KWV/)=m_dot_q55"{w_gas_turt-w_gas_comp}t m_dot_stearr(w_steam tur - af the neti Be fen aon mero. brComet a) Syd fennel eficency, percent‘Bur={m_dot_gas*w_gas_eomp + m_dot_steam*w_seam_pumpsy(m_dot_gas*w_gas_urb + ‘m_dot_steamw_stam_furb) “Back work rato” \W_dot_net_steam = m_dot_steam*(w_steam_turb - w_steam_pumps) W@ot_net_gss = m_dot_gas"(w_gas_turs -w_gas_oomp) NetWordato_gastosteam = W_dot_net_gas/W_dot net_stesm Prato Wea | Wem] on | NetWankRalio fea} KW) fs) uccates __| 1 Bae_[o7ass [5902 3203 W 9014 | lonas6 | 606s 3456 12 3555 | 9s6a7 | 6129 705 5 Sard [ssa [ 6s 3951 14 seuss [608 [6237 4196 15 sores [avis | 6285 sat 16 srasas [79151 28 Lees 7 araias [sues [6262 402 8 sim [vasis | 6n97 1 Sw [em | aE Sar El sszee7 | o7sis | 67 S685 ‘Combined Gas and Steam Power Cycle a ca-tan eyete =f = Seam Cycle a]0.86 185 A confined gacksam power cycle tex asimple gas trbine for the topping cycleand simple Rankine cycle fie the lenbentageyee. Ths taas iow ome ful tra qoctacd poner odyatisw tedceresecd. = Avarmpions | Steady operating conditions exis.2 The arestandard assumptions are applicable fa Brayton cycle. 3 Ki anid potential energy changes are negligile. 4 Air ixan ideal gas with constant specific heats, Properties The propertics of ar af ane temperatare are gy = LLOOSKEgK and k= 1A (Table A-2a). Analysic: Working around fre lopping cycle gives the Bllownng results yin w=1(2] = (93 KMH) 4 = 308K 1373 (AIOML3TS- 7580) 95 34~ (0.902952. ~ 2035.8) 1278 Wigwos “The net wok oxdpats fram each cyele are Wea.gacee = Wipe "Cin ATs Ty) -ep(To-T) 19.5— 572.7 + 9K ‘An energy balance on the heat exchanger gives: Se Tu—Ta) (15S I9.S— 548.8) | a yos36-575 ‘ae pT Ty) rg gely png 1a ‘That ig, | kg of exhaust gases can heat only 0.1010 kg of water. Then, tie mast flaw rate of air is 1086 Aconbined gassteam power eye wes a simple gas turbine for the tapping eycle and simple Rarkine eye for the btioming eyele. The mss flaw rate of air fora specified power oxtjt isto be determined, Avsmptfans 1 Steady operating conditines exit.2 The arestandard assumptincs are app beable fa Brayton eyele.3 Kinetic and potential eneray changes are negligible. 4 Airisan ileal gas withcomstant specific heats, Properties The propestics of ai a rom temperature are 6 7 .00SkwkgK and &= 14 (Table AeZa). Analysis Wh an ideal regenerator, the temperature of the air ‘8 the compressor exit will be beutal totheto the temperature sa theturbime exit Representing this siateby “63” 79 3 egfsy¢l OOS kg -*C)(1373—819.5)K B1sss70kW ‘The tharmal efficiensy of the cycle ds thon Mas _ Ymyg00 KW Qa 1SSS70KW Without the regenerator, fhe rate of heat addin and the ermal efficiency are O,, =e, 4Ty —T,) = (299 3 kg L005 kWkg-CY1373 -S72.7) K = 2A S4ORW tis none “9, Taywokw ‘The change in the thermal efficiency duc to wing the ideal regenerator is Aimy, =016436-0.4852=0.19841089 10487 The component of the combined cycle with the largest exergy destruction of the component af the combined cycle i Prob. 10086 is no be deteanined. Assumpaions | Steady operating conditions exis. 2 Kinetic amd paternal energy changes are neghigible. “Analysis From Problem 10-85, Teameegsneyde = 1373 861s. = IST6.2idkg 1910(2793) = 28.21 kgs Cdsentopic prncess) su sfa-s of] =@s21 shan [asso arerts 7S aces J genet ectrgee = 8, Tat + tty To Say = afer is —S2) -crnas{oone 284] xsncmycim-as) = 11260 kW 195 nfo in h-an. 3. ae The bigest exergy destruction occurs during the heat addition pracess in the combustor of the gas cycle,1030 1088 A 290-MW combined gavsicampowsr plant is considered. The tpmingeyck isa getutbine cycle and dhe bottoming cycle isa nonideal Rankine cycle withan open feedwater bear. The mass flow rate af air tostsam, the required ‘ate of beat input in the combustion charrbes, and ths thermal efliciency of the combined cycle are w be determined. Assempions | Steady cperating conditions exis? Kinetic and potential energy changes are negligible, 3 Air i an ideal 2s with variable specific heats. Analysis (a) Using the propertics of ir from Tabile Ael 7, She analysis of gascyce yields Ty= MOK —> by =300.19 hea, By 21386 + (ha, ~All te 300.19 + (595 34 -300.19)40.82) 260.74 hg, St Bahia wr a18) a0 Ag Ty =Q0K—+ 4, = 2126 bg From the steam tables (Tables And, As5, and As), pinot wh soi w) = 0.90 kits HPs? y= hy + Wiig =191 81 + 080= 192.60 Wks by =hy gaanes = 72087 hs Weep gare =O.001015 mig Wyte =4(Ps— Pi) =(os01 sahara 468 ks He fy + pa =TOOST + 468 = 725.55 Rgny ent SasI6—0602 9181+ (0.7737( 2392.1} = 2042.5 kg hg hy thy tr Et iy = hy — py (ig — hy, = 3069.3 — (0.86 )8069,3 2042 5) = 7186.3 ba [Noting tat Q 217 Ake & Ape forthe beat exchanger, the seady-fow energy bakince equation yiekls i Siac _ gy High, —+ tity (is — hig = tially — hz) 3069,3-725 55 Te aay eae Ee Me kaseam Ape wer fhe cpen FW, the stedytiow energy blancs equation yiekds Fat 20 by tt hig ——> Mighty + Magli = taghy —> hg + (1 yg = (Ig =02082 (fe faction of strum extacted) Wega Mr ye te “A= Phy he = 769,81 02082)0.80)-4.68 = 764 5k vig Wen 289 ~ Wen = lng — fs) Ui — Ba) 161.07 67440— (660.74 —300.19)=126.12 eg, ‘The net work output per unit mass of gas is Wat = Wain Wega 126. 12+ {76 §) = 208.69 Ki eas ae 2304000 ks re ie TOR IS IML keh aad Oy =ttg (yy —hy)}=(03817 ka) 161.07 660.78) koe = 671 300 KAY 280,00 KW 7710 EW 6 melite. s0.4171 2A 7% On10-90 A combined gas-steam power plantis considered, The topping cycle i a gas-turbine cycle and the hotoming cycle is a nonideal reheat Rankine cycle, The moisture percentage at the exit of the low-pressure turbine, the steam temperaure at the inlet of the high-pressure turbine, and the thermal efficiency of the combined cycle are to be determined, Assumptions 1 Steady operating conditions exist 2 Kinetie and potential energy changes are negligible. 3 Air is an weal gas ‘with variable specific heats, Analysis (a) Weobsain the sir propertics from EES, The analysis of gaceycle is as follows Fy =1 °C —+hy = 288.50 LIS nae | P, =100 kPa J? ~ ‘as, A= MOK), sosaTeng 4 hig = By + (ag Ie) = 29016-+{503.47 ~290.16)/(080) 2557.21 kg Ty = 980°C —+ hy =13048 kik From the steam tables (Tables A, A-S, and A-6 or from EES), yy warn 191.81 Kai 4= pq sein =000101 mg Wan =A FM = (0.00101 m*7kg}}6000 - 10 kPa] =756 kihkg yh 4 Wg =I B16 7.65 = 199.97 eg, Tl T kPa Briel 3264.5 kits T, =400°Cfs, = 7T46TOKIMkg-K By =1W kPa | x, = BOE = TARO 0.492 _ 999), & 74906 oT y hp atgshg =19181+ (090912392 1)= 2366.4 kit