Nervous System Infections/Disorder
Infections/Disorder Causes
Encephalitis  Herpes simplex virus
(HSV)
 Other herpes viruses
 Enteroviruses
 Mosquito-borne
viruses
 Tick-borne viruses
 Rabies virus
 Childhood infections
Meningitis  Bacterial meningitis
 Streptococcus
pneumoniae
 Neisseria
meningitidis
 Haemophilus
influenzae
 Listeria
monocytogenes
 Viral meningitis
 Chronic meningitis
 Fungal meningitis
Rabies Animals that can transmit the
rabies virus
Pets and farm animals
 Cats
 Cows
 Dogs
 Ferrets
Symptoms Medications
 Headache  Acyclovir (Zovirax)
 Fever
 Aches in muscles or  Ganciclovir (Cytovene)
joints
 Fatigue or weakness  Foscarnet (Foscavir)
 Confusion, agitation
or hallucinations  Corticosteroids
 Seizures  Dexamethasone
 Loss of sensation or  Diuretics
paralysis in certain  Furosemide(Rx)
areas of the face or  Mannitol(Osmitrol)
body  Benzodiazepines
 Muscle weakness  Lorazepam(Ativan)
 Problems with speech
or hearing
 Loss of consciousness
 Sudden high fever  Sulfonamides
 Stiff neck  Tetracyclines
 Severe headache that  Doxycycline
seems different than  Carbapenems
normal  Meropenem
 Headache with  Fluoroquinolones
nausea or vomiting  Ciprofloxacin
 Confusion or  Moxifloxacin
difficulty  Antibiotics
concentrating  Chloramphenicol
 Seizures  Glycopeptides
 Sleepiness or  Vancomycin
difficulty waking  Aminoglycosides
 Sensitivity to light  Gentamicin
 No appetite or thirst  Streptomycin
 Skin rash (sometimes,
such as in
meningococcal
meningitis)
 Fever  Vaccination
 Fast acting shots like
 Headache rabies Immune
globulin
 Nausea
 Vomiting
 Agitation
 Anxiety
 Confusion
  Goats  Hyperactivity

 Horses  Difficulty swallowing

Wild animals  Excessive salivation

 Fear brought on by
 Bats
attempts to drink fluids
 Beavers because of difficulty
swallowing water
 Coyotes
 Hallucinations
 Foxes
 Insomnia
 Monkeys
 Partial paralysis
 Raccoons

 Skunks

 Woodchucks

Tetanus Tetanus is caused by a toxin  Spasms and stiffness  Antitoxin

made by spores of bacteria, in your jaw muscles  Antibiotics
Clostridium tetani, found in (trismus)  Vaccine
soil, dust and animal feces.  Stiffness of your neck  Sedatives
When the spores enter a muscles
deep flesh wound, they grow  Difficulty swallowing
into bacteria that can  Stiffness of your
produce a powerful toxin, abdominal muscles
tetanospasmin. The toxin  Painful body spasms
impairs the nerves that lasting for several
control your muscles (motor minutes
neurons). The toxin can cause  Fever
muscle stiffness and spasms  Sweating
— the major signs and  Elevated blood
symptoms of tetanus. pressure
 Rapid heart rate
Epilepsy  Genetic influence  Temporary confusion  Phenytoin (Dilantin,
 Head trauma  A staring spell Phenytek)
 Brain conditions  Uncontrollable  Valproic acid
 Infectious diseases jerking movements of (Depakene)
the arms and legs
  Prenatal injury  Loss of consciousness
 Developmental or awareness
disorders  Psychic symptoms
such as fear, anxiety
or deja vu
 Seizures
Parkinson’s Disease  Your genes  Tremor
 Environmental  Slowed movement
triggers (bradykinesia)
 The presence of Lewy  Rigid muscles
bodies  Impaired posture and
 Alpha-synuclein is balance
found within Lewy  Loss of automatic
bodies movements
 Speech changes
 Writing changes
Alzheimer’s Disease  Plaques  Memory Loss
 Tangles  Confusions
 Age  Changes of mood
 Family history and and personality
genetics  Losing ability to
 Down syndrome retrace
 Lifestyle and heart  Misplace Things
health  Trouble on
 Poor sleep patterns understanding visual
images
 Oxcarbazepine
(Oxtellar, Trileptal)
 Lamotrigine (Lamictal)
 Gabapentin (Gralise,
Neurontin)
 Topiramate (Topamax)
 Phenobarbital.
 Zonisamide (Zonegran)
 Carbidopa-levodopa
 Carbidopa-levodopa
infusion
 Dopamine agonists
 MAO B inhibitors
 Catechol O-
methyltransferase
(COMT) inhibitors
 Anticholinergics
 Amantadine
 Physical and
neurological exam
 Brain imaging
 Cholinesterase
 Galantamine
 Donepezil
 Rivastigmine