Open Source software

Open Source software is the software that is available to users with source code. Source code is a part of
a program or software. Users can modify, inspect and enhance it to improve the software. Additional
features can be added in the source code. Users use source code to copy, learn and share it. An Open
source software can either be free of cost or chargeable.
Users prefer open source software because of following reasons-
More control over the software
More secure
Stable
High quality results
Helps in becoming a better programmer as you can learn and develop from the source code to make
new softwares.
Examples of open source software are –
Apache HTTP web server
Mozilla’s Firefox web browser
Thunderbird email client
database system
GNU compiler collection
Moodle
OpenOffice
PHP
perl
Freeware
Freeware software is a software that is available free of cost. An user can download freeware from
internet and uses it. These softwares do not provide any freedom of modifying, sharing and studying the
program as in open source software. Freeware is closed source.
Users prefer freeware because of following reasons –
Available free of cost
Can be distributed free of cost
Some examples of freeware software are –
Adobe PDF
yahoo messenger
Google Talk
MSN messenger
Shareware
Shareware software is a software that are freely distributed to users on trial basis. There is a time
limit inbuilt in the software( for example- free for 30 days or 2 months). As the time limit gets over, it
will be deactivated. To use it after time limit, you have to pay for the software.
Users prefer shareware because of following reasons –
Available free of cost
helps to know about the product before buying it
Some examples of freeware software are –
Adobe acrobat 8 professional
PHP Debugger 2.1.3.3
Winzip
Getright
Shareware are of following types:
Adware – Contains ads to generate revenue for the developers
Donationware – payment is optional
Nagware – reminds user to purchase the license or the software
Freemium – free for non-premium but of cost for premium features
Demoware – demonstration version. It is further classified as crippleware and trialware.
Crippleware – Some features are disabled under time-limit
Trialware – all features are available under time-limit
Proprietary Software – This type of software is not free and bound with restrictions regarding use,
distribution and modification. These are copyrighted software.

Difference between 3G and 4G Technology

3G and 4G are often differentiated regarding technology compliance, information transfer rate,
capacity, information processing design and variety of connections, etc. 3G stands for Third
Generation within which optimized mobile square measure developed for sanctioning information and
broadband services with higher property. 4G LTE stands for Fourth Generation that delivers a lot of
capability for faster and jury-rigged mobile broadband experiences and permitting a lot of connections.

S.NO 3G TECHNOLOGY 4G TECHNOLOGY

It stands for 3rd generation While it stands for 4th generation

1. technology. technology.
Maximum upload rate of 3G While the maximum upload rate of
2. technology is 5 Mbps. 4G technology is 500 Mbps.
Maximum download rate of While the maximum download rate
3. 3G technology is 21 Mbps. of 4G technology is 1 Gbps.
While it uses packet switching
It uses packet switching technique as well as message
4. technique. switching technique.
The frequency range of 3G
technology is from 1.8 GHz While it’s frequency range is from 2
5. to 2.5 GHz. GHz to 8 GHz.
While it lenient horizontally as well
6. It lenient horizontally. as vertically.
While it is the integration of
It is a wide area cell Wireless LAN as well as Wide Area
7. based network architecture. cell based network architecture.
There is turbo codes are
used foe error correction in 4G technology uses concatenated
8. 3G technology. codes for error correction.
Bluetooth is a short-range wireless communication technology that allows devices such as mobile
phones, computers, and peripherals to transmit data or voice wirelessly over a short distance.
The purpose of Bluetooth is to replace the cables that normally connect devices, while still
keeping the communications between them secure.
The "Bluetooth" name is taken from a 10th-century Danish king named Harald Bluetooth, who
was said to unite disparate, warring regional factions. Like its namesake, Bluetooth technology
brings together a broad range of devices across many different industries through a unifying
communication standard.
Developed in 1994, Bluetooth was intended as a wireless replacement for cables. It uses the
same 2.4GHz frequency as some other wireless technologies in the home or office, such as
cordless phones and WiFi routers. It creates a 10-meter (33-foot) radius wireless network,
called a personal area network (PAN) or piconet, which can network between two and eight
devices. This short-range network allows you to send a page to your printer in another room, for
example, without having to run an unsightly cable.
Bluetooth uses less power and costs less to implement than Wi-Fi. Its lower power also makes it
far less prone to suffering from or causing interference with other wireless devices in the same
2.4GHz radio band.
Bluetooth range and transmission speeds are typically lower than Wi-Fi (the wireless local area
network that you may have in your home). Bluetooth v3.0 + HS — Bluetooth high-speed
technology — devices can deliver up to 24 Mbps of data, which is faster than the 802.11b WiFi
standard, but slower than wireless-a or wireless-g standards. As technology has evolved,
however, Bluetooth speeds have increased.
Bluetooth Limitations
There are some downsides to Bluetooth. The first is that it can be a drain on battery power for
mobile wireless devices like smartphones, though as the technology (and battery technology)
has improved, this problem is less significant than it used to be.
Also, the range is fairly limited, usually extending only about 30 feet, and as with all wireless
technologies, obstacles such as walls, floors, or ceilings can reduce this range further.
The pairing process may also be difficult, often depending on the devices involved, the
manufacturers, and other factors that all can result in frustration when attempting to connect.
A social network is defined as a chain of individuals and their personal connections. Expanding
one’s connections with other people is a technique that can be used both for personal or
business reasons. Social networking applications make use of the associations between
individuals to further facilitate the creation of new connections with other people. This could be
used to meet new friends and connect with old ones, as many people do on Facebook, or to
expand one’s professional connections through a business network like LinkedIn.
Examples of social networks
DeviantArt ( https://www.deviantart.com ) - A social media platform for sharing original artwork.
Facebook ( https://www.facebook.com ) - The most popular social networking websites on the Internet.
Facebook is a popular destination for users to set up personal space and connect with friends, share
pictures, share movies, talk about what you're doing, etc.
Google+ (https://plus.google.com ) - The latest social networking service from Google.
Instagram ( https://www.instagram.com ) - A mobile photo sharing service and application available for the
iPhone, Android, and Windows Phone platforms.
LinkedIn ( https://www.linkedin.com ) - One of the best if not the best locations to connect with current and
past coworkers and potentially future employers.
Pinterest ( https://www.pinterest.com ) - A popular picture and sharing service that allows anyone to share
pictures, create collections, and more.
Reddit ( https://www.reddit.com ) - Community of registered users (redditors) submits content that is
upvoted by the community. Reddit has a subreddit (board) for almost every category.
Tumblr ( https://www.tumblr.com ) - A microblogging platform with social networking capabilities.
Twitter ( https://twitter.com ) - Another fantastic service that allows users to post 140 character long posts
from their phones and on the Internet. A fantastic way to get the pulse of what's going on around the
world.
Yik Yak - Smartphone social network that connects users who are in close proximity to each other.
YouTube ( https://www.youtube.com ) - An excellent network of users posting video blogs or vlogs and
other fun and exciting videos.
Cloud Computing can be defined as delivering computing power( CPU, RAM, Network Speeds,
Storage OS software) a service over a network (usually on the internet) rather than physically
having the computing resources at the customer location.
Example: AWS, Azure, Google Cloud
Cloud – The technology of distributed data processing in which some scalable information
resources and capacities are provided as a service to multiple external customers through
Internet technology.

Why the Name Cloud?

The term “Cloud” came from a network design that was used by network engineers to represent
the location of various network devices and there inter-connection. The shape of this network
design was like a cloud.

Why Cloud Computing?

With increase in computer and Mobile user’s, data storage has become a priority in all fields.
Large and small scale businesses today thrive on their data & they spent a huge amount of
money to maintain this data. It requires a strong IT support and a storage hub. Not all
businesses can afford high cost of in-house IT infrastructure and back up support services. For
them Cloud Computing is a cheaper solution. Perhaps its efficiency in storing data, computation
and less maintenance cost has succeeded to attract even bigger businesses as well.
Cloud computing decreases the hardware and software demand from the user’s side. The only
thing that user must be able to run is the cloud computing systems interface software, which can
be as simple as Web browser, and the Cloud network takes care of the rest. We all have
experienced cloud computing at some instant of time, some of the popular cloud services we
have used or we are still using are mail services like gmail, hotmail or yahoo etc.
While accessing e-mail service our data is stored on cloud server and not on our computer. The
technology and infrastructure behind the cloud is invisible. It is less important whether cloud
services are based on HTTP, XML, Ruby, PHP or other specific technologies as far as it is user
friendly and functional. An individual user can connect to cloud system from his/her own devices
like desktop, laptop or mobile.
Cloud computing basics concept includes all of the following Services:
IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) – A computer infrastructure, typically presented in the form of
virtualization. Is a service within the concept of cloud hosting.
PaaS (Platform as a Service) – An integrated platform for the development, deployment, testing
and support of web-applications. Presented as a service on the basis of the concept of cloud
hosting.
SaaS (Software as a service) – Is the business model of software license, which involves the
development and support of the software vendor. Customers also have the opportunity of paid
use of it, usually through the Internet.
DaaS (Desktop as a Service) – Another business model license the software, which is a slightly
improved model of SaaS, mostly involving the use of multiple services at the same time
necessary to complete the work. Was first introduced in the early 2000s.