In this lesson students will learn the history of an often-overlooked part of World War II—the

girls and women forced into military sexual slavery under the occupation of the Japanese army.
In The Apology, three of the surviving women, nicknamed “the Grandmas,” Adela Barroquillo
from the Philippines, Cao Hei Mao from China, and Gil Won-Ok from South Korea, relate their
experiences as young girls during the war and reflect on the scars this violence left on their
entire lives.

Sensitive: This resource contains material that may be sensitive for some students. Teachers
should exercise discretion in evaluating whether this resource is suitable for their class.