A carburetor (American English) or carburettor (British English) is a device that mixes air and fuel

for internal combustion engines in the proper air–fuel ratio for combustion. It is sometimes
colloquially shortened to carb in the UK and North America or carby in
Australia.[1] To carburate or carburet (and thus carburation or carburetion, respectively) means to
mix the air and fuel or to equip (an engine) with a carburetor for that purpose.
Carburetors have largely been supplanted in the automotive and, to a lesser extent, aviation
industries by fuel injection. They are still common on small engines for lawn mowers, rototillers and
other equipment

Basics
A carburetor consists of an open pipe through which the air passes into the inlet manifold of the
engine. The pipe is in the form of a venturi: it narrows in section and then widens again, causing the
airflow to increase in speed in the narrowest part. Below the venturi is a butterfly valve called the
throttle valve — a rotating disc that can be turned end-on to the airflow, so as to hardly restrict the
flow at all, or can be rotated so that it (almost) completely blocks the flow of air. This valve controls
the flow of air through the carburetor throat and thus the quantity of air/fuel mixture the system will
deliver, thereby regulating engine power and speed. The throttle is connected, usually through
a cable or a mechanical linkage of rods and joints or rarely by pneumatic link, to the
accelerator pedal on a car, a throttle lever in an aircraft or the equivalent control on other vehicles or
equipment.
Fuel is introduced into the air stream through small holes at the narrowest part of the venturi and at
other places where pressure will be lowered when not running at full throttle. Fuel flow is adjusted by
means of precisely calibrated orifices, referred to as jets, in the fuel path.

Fuel injection Diesel engines rely on internal mixture formation,[132] which means that they require a
fuel injection system. The fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber, which can be either a
segmented combustion chamber or an unsegmented combustion chamber. Fuel injection with the
latter is referred to as direct injection (DI), whilst injection into the former is called indirect injection
(IDI).[145] In diesel engine terminology, indirect injection does not mean fuel injection into the inlet
manifold or anywhere else outside the cylinder or combustion chamber: in fact, the definition of the
diesel engine excludes such injection methods. For creating the fuel pressure, diesel engines usually
have an injection pump. There are several different types of injection pumps and methods for
creating a fine air-fuel mixture. Over the years many different injection methods have been used.
These can be described as the following: Air blast, where the fuel is blown into the cylinder by a
blast of air. Solid fuel / hydraulic injection, where the fuel is pushed through a spring loaded valve /
injector to produce a combustible mist. Mechanical unit injector, where the injector is directly
operated by a cam and fuel quantity is controlled by a rack or lever. Mechanical electronic unit
injector, where the injector is operated by a cam and fuel quantity is controlled electronically.
Common rail mechanical injection, where fuel is at high pressure in a common rail and controlled by
mechanical means. Common rail electronic injection, where fuel is at high pressure in a common rail
and controlled electronically. Torque controlling