6.
(@) Show by means of a diagram thatthe angle between OA and OB is 0 - 9.
(b) Find the scalar product a.b and hence derive the formula
c0s(0 ~ 9) = c0s @ cos 6+ sin @ sin 8.
MULTIPLE ANGLES
‘The aon formas can be used 10 find expesions fo wigonomeric functions of
Inaltiple angles sch s 2A, 4. et
Inthe fon for sia(A + 8), put B= A.
“Then sin 2A xin A cas A + cos A sn A= 2 sin A cos A. ®
‘Again te fomala for couA +B), pt B= A.
“Then cs 2A = 60 A cos Asin Asin A = eas! Asia? A
“This canals be expressed in two other wel forms
‘cos 2A = cos? A ~sin® A = cos* A ~ (1 ~ cos* A) = 2 cos*A-1
€05 2A = (1 ~sin? A) ~ sin? A = 1-2sin? A. ww
Also putting B = A in the formula for tan(A + B),
tan AstamA __2tan A
tan 2a = BRAS tRA. Oo)
‘These five formulae are known as the double-angle formulae.
337 "Not that in each one, the angle on the lofts double the angle appearing onthe right. So,
for example, we could have
sin = 2 sin § cos § or 06 4A = 1-25 2A, et
1 we aut with angle A onthe lft and si, then the formulae become
‘These are sometimes called the half-angle formulae.
‘Also, for future use, note that
Example 9
Given thar sin A = $ where O° < A < 90°, find the values of
(a) sin 2A, (bj cos 2A, (c) cos-#A, (4) tan2A, (e} tan 4,
sin A= §, then cost A= 1~ Hf and cos A= 3 (6 as A is acute)
(9) sin2A=2:in Acos A=2x $x P=
(©) 00s 2A=1~2sit A= 1-2 =-%
(Either of the other two formulae for cos 2A could have been used instead.)
(©) cos 4A = 2000 24-12 2x & -1e-
338 @ w20~ BH
2tan 2A
(© tanga 2A
Example 10
ipsin 9 = 5. find the value of sin O where O° < 0.< 9"
= By socos $= Hw asor< 9<45%
2sin B coe 9 and
hence sin = 2% 3 xB = 1B
cost §
Se
Example 10
cos 0=~3 (90° < 8 < 180"), fnd the values of (a) cos
(@) We can obtain cos $ by using cos 0 = 2 cos* g
5 (4 became 45° < § < 909
(6) To find tan 8 we use the identity sec? § = 1 + tan?
2 2
and tun 9 = VB (ras 45° < $-<90".
—————ee
Example 11
Solve the equations (a) 3 sin x cos x +1 = 0, (b) tan 2x =
cot x for P You might also like
