PERCENTAGE INCREASE AND DECREASE

1) Find the percentage increase if:

(a) 160 is increased to 180 (b) 2.3 is increased to 2.6
(c) 8 is increased to 8.60 (d) 120 is increased to 312

2) Find the percentage decrease if:

(a) 200 is decreased to 180 (b) 2.6 is decreased to 2.3
(c) 8 is decreased to 7.40 (d) 312 is decreased to 120
Think about the similarities and differences between the answers to Q3 and Q4.

3) The cost price to a shop of its electric toasters is £14.50. It sells them at £20.99. Find the percentage
profit which the shop makes.

4) On a hot day a metal girder 8.2 metres long expands by 6cm. Find the percentage expansion in the
girder.

5) A company had 23500 employees. After a year the workforce is 20700. What is the actual percentage
reduction in the workforce?

PFRCENTAGE PROBLEMS I
1) Write the following percentages as decimals:
(a) 28% (b) 7% (c) 17½% (d) 120% (e) 37.2% (f) 6¼%
2) Write the following percentages as fractions in their lowest terms:
(a) 35% (b) 12½% (c) 33⅓% (d) 8% (e) 62½% (f) 140%
3) Write the following fractions as percentages:

(a) (b) (C) (d) (e} (f)

4) If 42% of the voters in an election voted for the Green Party, and 13650 people voted, how many votes were
cast for the Green Party?
5} Of 1200 employees in a factory, 80 were absent today. What percentage were absent?
6) A man gives 8% of his monthly income to charity. If he earns £1825 per month, how much does he give to
charity?
7) Each day (Monday to Friday) a girl arrives at school at 8.30am, and leaves at 4.00pm.
(a) How many hours per week does she spend at school?
(b) How many hours are there in a week?
(c) What percentage of her week does the girl spend at school?
8) A company which sells tables for £380 breaks down the price as follows: Materials 27.3%; Labour 46.2%;
Overheads 8.7%; and the rest is profit- Find the amount spent on materials, on labour and on overheads, and
the amount of profit made.
9) If 12% of the pupils in a school are left-handed, and there are 625 pupils, how many are left-handed?
10) Out of my weekly income of £362, I manage to save £25. What percentage of my income do I save?
11) A survey in a school showed that 382 pupils came by bus, 235 by car, 184 by bike, and 279 walked. None
came by any other means. Find what percentage came by each means of travel.
12) An estate agent charges 1.5% commission on the sale of a house. What is the estate agent's fee for selling a
house for £294000?
13) A bathroom suite is advertised at £239 + VAT. If the rate of VAT is 17½%, find:
(a) the amount of VAT (b) the total price of the suite.
14) A town had 16400 inhabitants in 1981. If the population of the town decreases by 18.5% over the next 10
years, find:
(a) How many fewer people- there were in 1991.
(b) The population of the town in 1991
15) A circle of diameter 12cm is cut from a piece of card 12cm square. Find:
(a) the area of card wasted (b) the percentage of the card which is wasted.
PERCENTAGES II - PERCENTAGE INCREASE AND DECREASE

1) Write down the multiplying factor needed to increase a quantity by:

(a) 15% (b) 8% (c) 17% (d) 50% (e) 13.2% (f) 100% (g) 125% (h) 30%

2) Write down the multiplying factor needed to decrease a quantity by each percentage in Q1 (NB one is
not possible).

3) Find the percentage increase if:

(a) 160 is increased to 180 (b) 2.3 is increased to 2.6
(c) 8 is increased to 8.60 (d) 120 is increased to 312

4) Find the percentage decrease if:

(a) 200 is decreased to 180 (b) 2.6 is decreased to 2.3
(c) 8 is decreased to 7.40 (d) 312 is decreased to 120
Think about the similarities and differences between the answers to Q3 and Q4.

5) This year the number of children born in a town was 2756. It is estimated that next year the figure will
be 12% higher. How many births are expected next year?

6) A car firm decides to reduce all the prices of its cars by 15% for a special promotion. What will be the
new price of a car previously costing £9400?

7) The cost price to a shop of its electric toasters is £14.50. It sells them at £20.99. Find the percentage
profit which the shop makes.

8) A man's salary this year is £21600.

(a) He is hoping for a 6% increase this year. What would his new salary be?
(b) In fact his salary increases to £22500. What percentage increase was this?

9) The current rate of VAT is 17.5%. Find the full price of the following items:
(a) A bathroom suite priced at £229 + VAT
(b) An estimate for repairing a roof of £1850 + VAT.

10) The number of cases of burglary in a village increased from 28 last year to 41 this year. What
percentage increase was this?

11) One sign in a shop window states "Please add VAT at 17.5% to all prices". Another advertises
"Winter Sale - 30% off all marked prices". I can see a washing machine marked £349. How much would
I have to pay for it:
(a) if the VAT is added first, and then 30% of the full price subtracted.
(b) if the 30% discount is subtracted first, and then VAT charged on the discounted price?

12) On a hot day a metal girder 8.2 metres long expands by 6cm. Find the percentage expansion in the
girder.

13) A shop buys a batch of 40 electronic games at £6.40 each, and puts them on sale with a markup of
45%.
(a) What price was the shop selling the games for?
The shop sold 28 of the games at this price before the craze for the game died down, and then managed to
sell the rest as "bargain buys" for £3.99 each.
(b) What percentage profit did the shop make on the whole batch?

14) A company expects to cut its workforce by 8% this year. At present it has 23500 employees.
(a) What is the projected size of the workforce at the end of the year?
(b) In fact at the end of the year the workforce is 20700. What is the actual percentage reduction in the
workforce?

15) A girl opens a building society account with £240, after which she neither pays any more money in, or
draws any out. The account pays 8.4% interest per annum.
(a) How much will the girl have in the account after 1 year?
(b) Assuming the rate of interest stays the same, how much will the girl have in the account after (i) 2
years (ii) 3 years?