International Journal on Future Revolution in Computer Science & Communication Engineering ISSN: 2454-4248

Volume: 2 Issue: 12 09 – 12
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Review: Implementation of Wireless Sensor Network for Monitoring and

Protection of High Voltage Transformer

Mr. Vaibhav Borkar Prof. Ms. Sonal Honale

ME. Wireless communication & Computuing Assit. Prof. Computer Science & Engg.
Abha Gaikwad Patil College Of Engineeing, Nagpur Abha Gaikwad Patil College Of Engineeing, Nagpur
vaibhavbrkr3@gmail.com sonalhonale@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: The paper proposes an innovative design to develop a system based on AVR microcontroller that is used for
monitoring the voltage, current and temperature of a distribution transformer in a substation and to protect the system from the
rise in mentioned parameters. Providing the protection to the distribution transformer can be accomplished by shutting down the
entire unit with the aid of the Radio frequency Communication. Moreover the system displays the same on a PC at the main
station which is at a remote place. Furthermore it is capable of recognizing the break downs caused due to overload, high
temperature and over voltage.
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II. LITURATURE REVIEW

I. .INTRODUCTION
As discussed earlier, maintenance of a transformer is one of
the biggest problems in the Electricity Board (EB). During
strange events for some reasons the transformer is burned
out due to the over load and short circuit in their winding.
Also the oil temperature is increased due to the increase in
the level of current flowing through their internal windings.
This results in an unexpected raise in voltage, current or
temperature in the distribution transformer. Therefore, we
are proposing the automation of the distribution transformer
from the EB substation. In the automation, we consider the
voltage, current and temperature as the parameters to be
monitored as the transformer shows its peak sensitivity for
the same. Hence, we design an automation system based on
microcontroller which continuously monitors the
transformer. Because of the microcontroller operation, the
transformer present in the substation which is turned off in
the main station.
Distribution transformers have a long service life if they are
operated under good and rated conditions. However, their
life is significantly reduced if they are overloaded, resulting
in unexpected failures and loss of supply to a large number
of customers thus effecting system reliability. Overloading
and ineffective cooling of transformers are the major causes
of failure in distribution transformers.
2.1.1 Wireless Sensor Networks for the Protection of an
Electrical Energy Distribution Infrastructure.
António Grilo, Augusto Casaca, Mário Nunes and Carlos
Fortunato, INESC-ID/IST, R. Alves Redol, 9, 1000-029
Lisboa, Portugal
This paper investigates From a safety and security point of
view, the electrical energy distribution infrastructure needs
to be protected.. In this paper solutions to increase the safety
aspects of substation components, power lines and power
transformers are discussed. Also security solutions related to
perimeter intrusion detection in substations and remote
surveillance of power transformer installations are
introduced. All the solutions are based on the deployment of
wireless sensor and actuator networks in the substation,
power lines and power transformers, which perform remote
monitoring and provide alarms when required. The sensor
network interacts with the SCADA system of the electricity
provider to allow for centralised control of the protection
system.
2.1.2 Design Wireless Sensor Network System to Power
Management and Protect Electrical Pole Transformers
by using Zigbee Model and Microcontroller
Muthanna Ali Saihood, K. Lakshmi Bhavani, M .Tech
Student, ECE Department, College of Engineering &
Technology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Andhra
Pradesh, India.

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International Journal on Future Revolution in Computer Science & Communication Engineering
Volume: 2 Issue: 12
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This paper discuss design and implementation wireless
sensor network system is used for tow purposes , power
management system and protection system. The power
management system (PMS) is very important factor to
manage and control the electrical power, This system
consider important tools to safe the power consumption then
due to this system can reduce the power consumption to
minimum point, and also its charge of coordinate between
power consumption capacity and power production capacity
to avoid switch off the street lighting and emergency places
such as hospitals. And automatic switch on and switch off
the consumers diesel generators, by using successful
management power can get to stable and efficient
distribution power system.
2.1.3 ZIGBEE Wireless Transformer Monitoring,
Protection and Control System.
Ravishankar Tularam Zanzad, Prof. Nikita Umare , Prof.
Gajanan Patle ,M. E. Student, Dept. of CSE, AGPCE,
Nagpur University, IndiaProfessor, Dept. of CSE, AGPCE,
Nagpur University, India
This paper investigates, In normal ways all the Industrial or
Electrical machineries are controlled by the manual
operation. Hence there is step by step progress but most of
the time there is not actually instant co-operation between
system and operator in case of emergency or fault type
situation .Therefore we are designing a system where there
exits communication between system and operator. For this
we are using Transformer, microcontroller, analog to digital
converter.. As we know Distribution transformer is a major
component of power system and its correct functioning is
vital to system operations. To reduce the risk of unexpected
failure and the ensuing unscheduled outage, on-line
monitoring has become the common practice to assess
continuously the condition of the transformer with.
2.1.4 Wireless Sensor Network for In-Field Operation
Monitoring Of Induction Motors
Satpute A.P. Student, Prof. Miss V.A.More, Assistant
Professor, E&Tc Dept, MGM’s Jawaharlal Nehru
Engineering College, Aurangabad
Induction machines play a pivotal role in industry and there
is a strong demand for their reliable and safe operation.
They are generally reliable but eventually do wear out.
Faults and failures of induction machines can lead to
excessive downtimes and generate large losses in terms of
maintenance and lost revenues, and this motivates the
examination of condition monitoring.
2.1.5 Wireless Sensor Network Performance In High
Voltage And Harsh Industrial Environments Inam-Ul-
Haq Minhas.
IJFRCSCE | December 2016, Available @ http://www.ijfrcsce.org
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ISSN: 2454-4248
09 – 12
Degree of Master of Science in Electrical Engineering,
Blekinge Institute of Technology.
The applications of wireless sensor networks, WSN, are
getting popular in the different areas reaching from daily
usage to industrial usage. The performance evaluation of
WSN deployed in industrial and high-voltage areas is
receiving a great attention and becoming an interesting area
of research. This thesis addresses the performance issues of
WSN in high-voltage and harsh industrial environments.
This study has been carried out at the facilities of High-
Voltage Test Lab of ABB.
2.1.6 Design and Implementation of Wireless Sensor
Network for Machine Condition Monitoring and Fault
Diagnosis
Mr. Avadhut J. Rane, Mr. P. G. Khedkar, Department of
Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Mumbai
University.
This Paper proposes a novel industrial wireless sensor
network (IWSN) for industrial machine condition
monitoring and fault diagnosis. In this project, the induction
motor is taken as an example of monitored industrial
equipment due to its wide use in industrial processes.
2.1.7 Development and Implementation of Wireless
Sensor Network for the Electricity Substation
Monitoring
Paulo Sausen, Airam Sausen, Fabiano Salvadori, Renê
Emmel Júnior and Mauricio de Campos.
The requirements for process instrumentation, combined
with the advances in wireless communications and
electronics allowed the design of wireless sensor networks
(WSNs). The technology applied to these sensors and
communication networks has enabled the evolution of these
systems has been called a smart sensor networks. In this
case, not only collect sensor data, but also perform local
processing, and may also act in the system, and
subsequently, if necessary perform transmission. These
smart sensor networks allow a more effective monitoring
system, fault detection, and others, thus improving the
reliability and system maintenance [2, 3, 6].
III. MOTIVATION
Transformers are one of the most expensive and
strategically important components of any power system, so
that their proper and continuous function is important to
system reliability. Ageing of the oil/paper insulation system
of power transformers is influenced by thermal,
electromechanical and chemical stresses. Thermal stress
leads to major degradation process for both oil and cellulose
paper. Under all these stresses, the paper ultimately becomes
brittle and the durability against mechanical stress is
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Volume: 2 Issue: 12
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strongly reduced. As a result, reduction in expected life of
transformer will occur.
Hence, here is the main reason, to develop this project and
make the transformers more efficient to work and have more
life.
III. PROBLEM DEFINITION
Problem definition in the existing system, transformer
monitoring is not at its efficient level. Hence life of
transformer is going to decrease day by day due to its less
maintenance.
To solve the problem of this problem, the present system is
proposed. This include a WSN(wireless sensor network), a
ZigBee protocol, and a CAN BUS to create an highly
efficient system that can be used with high economical way
and universally.
IV. OBJECTIVE
The main purpose of this system is to solve a monitoring
and maintenance problem for transformers at very high
level. In exit system, the monitoring is implemented using
SCADA, simple short range RF modules.
But in the present system, here the monitoring of the
transformer parameters is done by a ZigBee wireless
protocol.
V. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED WORK
 Transmitter Block Diagram
FIGUR
 Receiver Block Diagram
FIGURE 6.2: Receiver Block Diagram
IJFRCSCE | December 2016, Available @ http://www.ijfrcsce.org
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ISSN: 2454-4248
09 – 12
 Description
The monitoring system is constituted by three major units,
namely,
1. Data processing and transmitter unit
2. Load and Measurement Systems
3. Receiver and PC display unit
We have designed a system based on microcontroller (AVR)
that monitors and controls the voltage, current and oil
temperature of a distribution transformer present in a
substation. The monitored output will be displayed on a PC
at the main station that is at a remote place, through RF
communication. The parameters monitored at the
distribution transformer are compared with the rated values
of the transformer. Additionally the breakdowns caused due
to the overload and high voltage are sensed and the signals
are transmitted to the main station using RF communication.
The software in the PC compares the received values with
the rated measurements of the distribution transformer and
shuts down the transformer so that it can be prevented from
damages and performances can be enhanced quiet to a
remarkable level.
The controller consists of a sensing unit which collects the
essential parameters such as current, voltage and the oil
temperature within the distribution transformer. The digital
display connected to the processing unit displays
corresponding parameter values at the substation for any
technical operations. The controller also senses the overload
and high current flow conditions in the internal windings
that may lead to breakdown of the corresponding unit. The
microcontroller is programmed in such a manner so as to
continuously scan the transformer and update the parameters
at a particular time interval. The parameter values sensed by
the microcontroller are transmitted through the RF
transmitter connected to the microcontroller unit.
The transmitted signals are received at the main station
using the RF receiver. The received signals are then passed
to the PC. The software loaded in the PC is used to monitor
the changes in the parameters that are measured from the
distribution transformer. When a remarkable change is
noticed in the measured values it controls the unit by ending
it from any serious damages.
VI. CONCLUSION
In this paper we have presented a design of a system based
on AVR microcontroller that is used to monitor and control
the voltage, current and temperature of a distribution
transformer. The proposed system which has been designed
to monitor the transformers essential parameters
continuously monitors the parameters throughout its
operation. If the microcontroller recognizes any increase in
the level of voltage, current or temperature values the unit
has been made shutdown in order to prevent it from further
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International Journal on Future Revolution in Computer Science & Communication Engineering ISSN: 2454-4248
Volume: 2 Issue: 12 09 – 12
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damages. The system not only controls the distribution
transformer in the substation by shutting it down, but also
displays the values throughout the process for user‟s
reference. This claims that the proposed design of the
system makes the distribution transformer more robust
against some key power quality issues which makes the
voltage, current or temperature to peak. Hence the
distribution is made more secure, reliable and efficient by
means of the proposed system.

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