Analysis of the SEPIC Converter

Ben Schaeffer, Dennis Gilbert

bms@pdx.edu, dennis@pdx.edu
Group II
ECE-445
February 16, 2010

1 Analysis Summary
DVg Ts
∆i1 =
 2
 L1
D Vg
I1 = DVg Ts
D′2 R ∆i2 =
L
 22 
 
D Vg
I2 = D Vg Ts
D′ R ∆v1 =
D′ RC1
V1 = Vg  2
D Vg Ts
∆v2 =
 
D
V2 = Vg D′ RC2
D′

D2 Ts (C1 + C2 )
 
Vg
Transistor Peak Inverse Voltage = 1+
D′ 2RC1 C2
 
1 Ts (L1 + L2 )
Transistor Peak Current = Vg D +
RD′2 2L1 L2
2
 
Vg D Ts (C1 + C2 )
Diode Peak Inverse Voltage = 1+
D′ 2RC1 C2
 
1 Ts (L1 + L2 )
Diode Peak Current = Vg D +
RD′2 2L1 L2

1
 (a) L1 C1
i1

v1
Vg L2 C2 v2 R
i2

(b) L1 C1
i1

v1
Vg L2 C2 v2 R
i2

(c) L1 C1
i1

v1
Vg L2 C2 v2 R
i2
Figure 1 An ideal SEPIC converter: (a) practical realization using MOSFET and diode, (b)
when the MOSFET conducts, (c) when the diode conducts.

2 Analysis
During DTs :

iC1 = −iL2
−vC2
iC2 =
R
vL1 = Vg
vL2 = vC 1

2
 During D′ Ts :

iC1 = iL1
vC 2
iC2 = iL1 + iL2 −
R
vL1 = V g − vC 1 − vC 2
vL2 = −vC2

Find linear ripple approximations, let V = VC2 , switching period = Ts , D′ = 1 − D

Using volt-second balance on hVL1 i, hVL2 i:

hVL1 i = DVg + D′ (Vg − V − VC1 ) = 0

Vg = D′ (V + VC1 )
Vg
V C1 = −V
D′

hVL2 i = DVC1 − D′ V = 0
D′ V
V C1 =
D
D′ V Vg
using substitution = −V
D D′
D′ V Vg
+V =
D D′
Vg D
D′ V + DV =
D′
Vg D
V =
D′
V D
= = M (D)
Vg D′
 
D′ DVg
V C1 = = Vg
D D′

3
Using charge balance on hIC1 i, hIC2 i :

hIC1 i = −DIL2 + D′ IL1 = 0

D
IL1 = IL2 ′
D  
−V ′ V
hIC2 i = D + D IL1 + IL2 − =0
R R
V
= D′ (IL1 + IL2 )
R
V
IL1 = − IL2
RD′

D V
Using substitution IL2 D ′ = − IL2
RD′
D V
IL2 ′ + IL2 =
 D  RD′
D V
IL2 +1 =
D′ RD′
 
D D′ V
IL2 =
D′ D′ RD′
 
1 V
IL2 =
D′ RD′
Vg D
IL2 = VR =
RD′
Vg D 2
 
D Vg D D
IL1 = IL2 ′ = =
D RD′ D′ RD′2

Peak to peak ripple calculations:

DVg Ts
∆i1 =
L1
DVg Ts
∆i2 =
L
 22 
D Vg Ts
∆v1 =
D ′ RC1
 2
D Vg Ts
∆v =
D′ RC2

4
 ∆v1 ∆v
Transistor Peak Inverse Voltage = VC1 + V + 2 + 2
 
1 1
D Vg D 2 Ts C1 + C2
= Vg + Vg +
D′ 2RD′
2
Vg Vg D Ts (C1 + C2 )
= +
D′ 2RD′ C1 C2
D2 Ts (C1 + C2 )
 
Vg
= 1+
D′ 2RC1 C2

∆i1 ∆i2
Transistor Peak Current = IL1 + IL2 + 2 + 2

D Vg DTs Vg DTs
= IL2 + IL2 + +
D′ 2L1 2L2
IL2 Vg DTs (L1 + L2 )
= +
D′ 2L1 L2
Vg D Vg DTs (L1 + L2 )
= +
RD′2 2L1 L2
 
1 Ts (L1 + L2 )
= Vg D +
RD′2 2L1 L2

∆v1 ∆v
Diode Peak Inverse Voltage = VC1 + v + 2 + 2

= Transistor Peak Inverse Voltage

D2 Ts (C1 + C2 )
 
Vg
= 1 +
D′ 2RC1 C2

∆i1 ∆i2
Diode Peak Current = IL1 + IL2 + 2 + 2

= Transistor
 Peak Current 
1 Ts (L1 + L2 )
= Vg D +
RD′2 2L1 L2

The ripple for both capacitor voltages are in phase with each other as well as the both inductor
ripple currents are in phase with each other.

5
3 State Space Analysis
During 0 < t < DTs interval as shown in figure 1b:
di1 di1 Vg
Vg + L1 =0 → =
dt dt L1
di2 di2 v1
L2 − v1 = 0 → =
dt dt L2
dv1 dv1 i2
C1 + i2 = 0 → =−
dt dt C1
dv2 v2 dv2 v2
C2 + =0 → =−
dt R dt RC2
During D′ Ts
di1 di1 Vg v1 v2
Vg + L1 + v1 + v2 → = − −
dt dt L1 L1 L1
di2 di2 v2
L2 + v2 = 0 → =−
dt dt L2
dv1 dv1 i1
C1 − i1 = 0 → =
dt dt C1
dv2 vC dv2 i1 i2 v2
C2 − i1 − i2 + 2 = 0 → = + −
dt R dt C2 C2 RC2
Expression for A1 , B1 :
      
di1 0 0 0 0   i1 1
 dt      L1
      
      
di2   1 

dt   0 0 L2 0   i2   0 
  
= +  [Vg ] (1)
 
  
     
dv1   0 − 1 0 0

  v1   0 
   
 dt   C1 
      
dv2 1
dt 0 0 0 − RC 2
v2 0
Expression for A2 , B2 :
      
di1
  0 0 − L11 − L11   i1 1
L1

 dt     
 


      
di2   − L12


dt   0 0 0   i2   0 
  
= +  [Vg ] (2)
 

      
dv1   1


 dt   C1 0 0 0   v1   0 
  
  


   
dv2 1 1 1
dt C2 C2 0 − RC v2 0
2

Combining expressions for A, B, and x in equations (1) and (2):

A = DA1 + D′ A2 , B = DB1 + D′ B2
0 = Ax + Bu → X = −A−1 BVg

6
The vector X now represents the steady state DC value of x.
   −1  
′ ′
 I1   0
 0 −D
L1 −D
L1

 
Vg
L1

     
  ′
 
D
−D
 
 I
   0 0  0 
 
[X] =  2 L2 L2

 = − (3)
 
   
   D′  
− CD1

 V
 1

 
 C1 0 0 
  0 
 
     
V2 D′ D′ 1
C2 C2 0 − RC 2
0

The A−1 factor is found by dividing the adjoint of A by the determinant of A:

D′ −D′ D′ D′ −D′ −D′ −D D′ −D′ D −D D′ −D′ D −D′ D′

|A| = − − + −
L1 L2 C1 C2 L1 L2 C1 C2 L1 L2 C1 C2 L1 L2 C1 C2
D′4 + 2D′3 D + D′2 D2
=
L1 L2 C1 C2
D ′2
+ 2D′ D + D2
= D′2
L1 L2 C1 C2
(D + D′ )2
= D′2
L1 L2 C1 C2
D′2
=
L1 L2 C1 C2

The above determinant of A divides into the adjoint of A producing A−1 within the expression:
    
−D 2 L1 Vg D 2 Vg
 D ′2 R − DL 2
D′ R C1 − DC
D′
2
 L1
  D ′2 R 
    
    
 −DL1 −L2 DVg
−C1 C2  0  
   
X = −  D′ R R = D′ R (4)
 
 
    
 −L L2 0 0 Vg
 0  
   
 1 
    
−DL1 DVg
D′ −L2 0 0 0 D′

Calculate dx for interval DTs :

   
   
 
 D Vg 2
V
 DTs Vg

 0 0 0 0 
 D ′2 R   Lg1 

 
  L1


       
  
 1  DVg   DTs Vg 
 0 0 L2 0 
D′ R   0 
     L2

∆x = |(A1 X + B1 Vg )DTs )| =  


 +  [DTs ] = 




D 2 Ts Vg
  
− C11
    

 0 0 0 
 Vg   0 
    
D ′ RC1

    

 
 


 1 DVg  D 2 Ts Vg
 0 0 0 − RC 2 D′ 0 
D ′ RC2

7
 Calculate ∆(2) x (ignoring sign):
    
2
′ ′ DTs Vg 1 D Ts2 Vg
 0
 0 −D
L1
−D
L1

 L1
 
  ( C11 + C2 ) 8RL1


    
2 2
D −D ′ DTs Vg D ′ D Ts Vg
( CD1 −
    
 0 0
(2) A∆xTs C2 ) 8D ′ RL2
   
∆ x= = L2 L2  L2 = 
8    
2

 D′ D 2 Ts Vg ′
D DTs Vg
− CD1 (D
   

 C1 0 0 
 D ′ RC1
 
  L1 − L2 ) 8C1


    
2
D′ D′ 1 D 2 Ts Vg ′
D′ DTs Vg
C2 C2 0 − RC 2 D ′ RC2 (D
L1 + L2 − D
D ′ R2 C2 ) 8C2