f#]b Designation: G 42 - 90
Standard Test Method for
Cathodic Disbonding of Pipeline Coatings Subjected to
Elevated Temperatures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G 42; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscriptepsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes an accelerated procedure
for determining comparative characteristics of insulating
coating systems applied to steel pipe exterior for the purpose
of preventing or mitigating corrosion that may occur in
underground service where the pipe will be exposed to high
temperatures and is under cathodic protection. This test
method is intended for use with samples of coated pipe taken
from commercial production and is applicable to such
samples when the coating is characterized by function as an
electrical barrier.
1.2 This test method is intended for testing coatings
submerged or immersed in the test solution at elevated
temperature. When it is impractical to submerge or immerse
the test specimen, Test Method G95 may be considered
where the test cell is cemented to the surface of the coated
pipe specimen. If room temperatures are required, see Test
Method G 8. If a specific test method is required with no
options, see Test Method G 80.
1.3 The values stated in SI units to three significant
decimals are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety
problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate
safety and health practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Document
2.1 ASTM Standards:
G 8 Test Methods for Cathodic Disbonding of Pipeline
Coatings2
G 12 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of
Film Thickness of Pipeline Coatings on Steel2
G 80 Test Method for Specific Cathodic Disbonding of
Pipeline Coatings2
G95 Test Method for Cathodic Disbondment Test of
Pipeline Coatings (Attached Cell Method)2
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 This test method subjects the coating on the test
specimen to electrical stress in a highly conductive electro-
lyte. The coating is artificially perforated before starting the
I This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G-3 on Durability
of Nonmetallic Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G03.06
on Durability of Pipeline Coatings and Linings.
Current edition approved May 25, 1990. Published July 1990. Originally
published as G 42 - 75T. Last previous edition G 42 - 85.
* Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vols 06.02.
609
test. The electrical stress is produced by connecting the test
specimen to the negative terminal of a source of direct
current and by connecting an anode to the positive terminal.
Electrical instrumentation is provided for measuring the
current flowing in the cell. The electrical potential is also
measured and the specimen is physically examined at
intervals during the test period and upon conclusion of the
test.
3.1.1 The cathodic stress is applied under conditions of a
constant-elevated temperature.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Damage to pipe coating is almost unavoidable during
transportation and construction. Breaks or holidays in pipe
coatings may expose the pipe to possible corrosion since,
after a pipe has been installed underground, the surrounding
earth wil be moisture-bearing and will constitute an effective
electrolyte. Applied cathodic protection potentials may cause
loosening of the coating, beginning at holiday edges. Sponta-
neous holidays may also be caused by such potentials. This
test method provides accelerated conditions for cathodic
disbondment to occur and provides a measure of resistance
of coatings to this type of action.
4.2 The effects of the test are to be evaluated by physical
examinations and monitoring the current drawn by the test
specimen. Usually there is no correlation between the two
methods of evaluation, but both methods are significant.
Physical examination consists of assessing the effective
contact of the coating with the metal surface in terms of
observed differences in the relative adhesive bond. It is
usually found that the cathodically disbonded area propa-
gates from an area where adhesion is zero to an area where
adhesion reaches the original level. An intermediate zone of
decreased adhesion may also be present.
4.3 Assumptions associated with test results include:
4.3.1 Maximum adhesion, or bond, is found in the
coating that was not immersed in the test liquid, and
4.3.2 Decreased adhesion in the immersed test area is the
result of cathodic disbondment.
4.4 Ability to resist disbondment is a desired quality on a
comparative basis, but disbondment in this test method is
not necessarily an adverse indication of coating perfQnnance.
The virtue of this test method is that all dielectric-type
coatings now in common use will disbond to some degree,
thus providing a means of comparing one coating to another.
4.5 The current density appearing in this test method is
much greater than that usually required for cathodic protec-
tion in natural environments.
4.6 That any relatively lesser bonded area was caused by
electrical stressing in combination with the elevated and or
depressed temperature and was not attributable to an
anomaly in the application process. Ability to resist
disbondment is a desired quality on a comparative basis, but
most insulating materials will disbond to some extent under
the accelerated conditions of this test. Bond strength is more
important for proper functioning of some coatings than
others and the same measured disbondment for two different
coating systems may not represent equivalent loss of corro-
sion protection.
4.6.1 The amount of current flowing in the test cell is a
relative indicator of the extent of areas requiring protection
against corrosion; however, the current density appearing in
this test is much greater than that usually required for
cathodic protection in natural, inland soil environments.
4.6.2 Test voltages higher than those recommended may
result in the formation of chlorine gas. The subsequent
chemical effects on the coating could cast doubt on the
interpretation of the test results.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Test Vessel-A suitable nonreactive vessel shall be
used, capable of withstanding internal heating at not less
than 60°C and suitable for continuous circulation of the
electrolyte. A 19-L (5-gal) cylindrical glass vessel has been
found suitable, having an approximate diameter of 300 mm
( 12 in.) and a depth of 300 mm. A flat bottom is required for
operation of a magnetic stirring rod. Dimensions of the
vessel shall permit the following requirements:
5.1.1 Test specimens shall be suspended vertically in the
vessel with at least 25 mm (1 in.) clearance from the bottom.
5.1.2 Test specimens shall be separated by not less than 38
mm ( 1'/2 in,), and a vertically suspended anode can be placed
at an equal distance from each specimen not less than the
separation distance.
5.1.3 Test specimens shall be separated from any wall of
the vessel by not less than 13 mm (Y2 in.).
5.1.4 Depth of electrolyte shall permit the test length of
the specimen to be immersed as required in 7.4.
5.1.5 The reference electrode may be placed anywhere in
the vessel, provided it is separated from the specimen and
from the anode by not less than 38 mm (1'12 in.).
5.2 Anode-The anode shall be provided with a factory-
sealed, insulated copper wire lead.3
5.3 Connectors-Wiring from anode to test specimen
shall be 4107 cmil (14-gage Awg), minimum, insulated
copper. Attachment to the test specimen shall be by sol-
dering or brazing to the nonimmersed end, and the place of
attachment shall be coated with an insulating material. A
junction in the connecting wire is permitted, provided that it
is made by means of a bolted pair of terminal lugs soldered
or mechanically crimped to clean wire ends.
5.4 Holiday Tools-Holidays shall be made with conven-
tional drills of the required diameter. For use in preparing
small-diameter pipe specimens such as 19-mm (3/4-in.) nom-
inal diameter pipe, the use of a drill modified by substantially
grinding away the sharp cone point has been found effective
in preventing perforation of the metal wall of the pipe. A
Duriron, a material found suitable for this purpose is available from Duriron
Co., Inc., Dayton, OH.
610
sharp-pointed knife with a safe handle is required for use in
making physical examinations.
5.5 Multimeters:
5.5.1 Multimeter, for direct current, having an internal
resistance of not less than 10 MO and having a range from
0.01 to 5 V for measuring potential to the reference
electrode.
5.5.2 Multimeter, for direct current, having an internal
resistance of not less than 11 MO and capable of measuring
as low as 10 pV potential drop across a shunt in the test cell
circuit.
5.5.3 Multimeter, for initial testing of apparent coating
resistance.
5.6 Reference Electrode-Saturated Cu CuSO, electrode
having a potential of -0.316 V with respect to the standard
hydrogen electrode shall be the standard of reference in these
test methods. Other electrodes may be used but measure-
ments thus obtained shall be converted to the Cu CuSO,
reference for reporting by making the proper correction.
NOTE1-A saturated Cu CuSO, electrode reading -1.50 V at 25°C
will read - 1.53 V at 60"C, a scale increase of 0.03 V.
5.6.1 A saturated calomel electrode at 25°C is converted
to Cu CuSO, by adding -0.07 V to the observed reading. If
the saturated calomel electrode reads - 1.43 V at 25T, it will
read -1.46 V at 60"C, a scale increase of 0.03 V. It follows
that a saturated calomel electrode reading of - 1.46 V at 60°C
is equal to a saturated Cu CuSO, reading of - 1S O V at 25°C.
5.6.2 A 0.1 normal calomel electrode at 25°C is converted
to Cu CuSO, by subtracting -0.02 V from the observed
reading. Since the potential change due to an increase from
25°C to 60°C is negligible, it follows that a 0.1 normal
calomel electrode reading -1.52 V at 60°C is equal to a
saturated Cu CuSO, reading of - 1.50 V at 25°C.
5.7 Thermometers, two, mercury-filled type, accurate to
f1"C. One shall be of the full-immersion type for measuring
temperature near the bottom of the vessel, and a second
thermometer shall be of the partial-immersion type for
measuring temperature near the top of the vessel.
5.8 Combination Heater Plate, with built-in magnetic
stirrer, or equivalent, shall be used for heating and stirring
the electrolyte. The heater shall be adjustable to produce and
control a temperature of 60 f 1°C in the test vessel.
5.9 Direct-Current Rectifier, capable of supplying con-
stant current at a voltage of 1.50 +. 0.01 V, as measured
between the specimen and reference cell.
5.10 Thickness Gage, for measuring coating thickness in
accordance with Test Method G 12.
5.1 1 Precision Resistor, 1Q 2 1 %, 1 W (min), to be used
in the test cell circuit as a shunt for current.
5.12 Carbon or Stainless Steel Electrode, used temporarily
with the volt-ohm-meter to determine apparent initial hol-
iday status of the test specimen.
5.13 Additional Connecting Wires, 4 107 cmil (14-gage
Awg), minimum, insulated copper.
5.14 Brass Studs, used at a terminal board, together with
alligator clips or knife switches, for making and breaking
circuits. Alligator clips shall not be used to connect the
electrodes or specimens at the top location of test cells.
6. Reagents and Materials
6.1 The electrolyte shall consist of potable tap water or
higher purity water (distilled or demineralized water is
satisfactory) with the addition of 1 weight % of each of the
following technical-grade salts, calculated on an anhydrous
basis: sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, and sodium car-
bonate.
NOTE 2-The resulting solution has a pH of 10 or higher and a
resistivity of 25 to 50 Q-cm at room temperature.
6.2 Materials for sealing the ends of coated pipe speci-
mens may consist of bituminous products, wax, epoxy, or
other materials, including molded elastomeric or plastic end
caps, capable of withstanding the test temperature.
6.3 Plywood has been found suitable for the construction
of nonconductive test vessel covers and for the support
through apertures of test specimens and electrodes. Wood
dowels introduced through holes in the top ends of test
specimens have been found suitable for suspending test
specimens from the vessel cover.
7. Test Specimen
7.1 The test specimen shall be a representative piece of
production-coated pipe. One end shall be plugged, sealed, or
capped.
7.2 One holiday shall be made in the middle of the
immersed length by drilling a radial hole through the coating
so that the angular cone point of the drill will fully enter the
steel where the cylindrical portion of the drill meets the steel
surface. The drill diameter shall be not less than three times
the coating thickness, but it shall never be less than 6 mm ('1'4
in.) in diameter. The steel wall of the pipe shall not be
perforated. With small-diameter pipes, where there is danger
of perforating the pipe, the holiday shall be started with a
standard 60" cone point and finished with a drill that has had
a substantial portion of the cone point ground away.
NOTE 3-Before making the holiday, see 7.5.
7.3 The end of the pipe which will protrude above the
RECTlFlE
THERMOMETERS (2)
COMBINATION
HEATER a STIR
(MAGNETIC)
OR EOUIVALENT
NOTE--For multiple specimens in the same test vessel, see Fig. 2, for circuit diagram using voltage dividers
FIG. 1 Test Set-Up for Cathodic Disbonding Test at Elevated Temperature
61 1
immersion line shall be provided with suitable supporting
means and a separate wire connection for electrical purposes,
soldered, or brazed to the pipe. The protruding end, in-
cluding hanger and wire connections, shall be protected and
sealed with an insulating coating material.
7.4 The specimen test area shall consist of the area
between the edge of the bottom end seal and the immersion
line. The bottom end seal area shall not be considered part of
the area tested. Coated specimens of any suitable diameter
and length of pipe may be used, but the immersed area shall
be not less than 23 200 mm2 (36 in.*). An area of 92 900
mm2 (1 ft2) has been found preferable when convenient.
7.5 The continuity of the coating and efficiency of the end
seal shall be tested before making artificial holidays as
follows:
7.5.1 Immerse the test specimen and a carbon or stainless
steel electrode in the electrolyte. Connect one terminal of the
ohmmeter to the test specimen and the other terminal to the
carbon or stainless steel electrode. Measure the apparent
resistance in ohms, making two determinations: one with the
specimen connected to the positive terminal of the ohm-
meter, and one with the specimen connected to the negative
terminal. The lowest of the two readings should be not less
than 1000 Ma, however, the test may be conducted with a
low reading less than 1000 MO, provided that the condition
is taken into account in evaluating results.
8. Procedure
8.1 Immerse the test specimen in the electrolyte and
connect it to the anode as shown in Fig. 1. Adjust the
rectifier or voltage divider so that the potential between
specimen and reference cell is - 1S O & 0.0 1 V at 25°C (- 1.53
& 0.01 V at 60°C) (see Fig. 2). Position the holiday to face
toward the anode. Space the anode with respect to test
specimens as required in 5.1. Mark the correct immersion
level on the exterior of the test vessel and maintain by daily
HIGH
RESISTANCE
VOLTMETER
TERMINAL
BOARD
PLASTIC COVER
IMMERSION LINE
REFERENCE
ELECTRODE
ELECTROLYTE
GLASS VESSEL
STIRRING ROD
(MAGNETIC)
 Set rectifier output voltage to not
over 3 volts; then t r i m eoch voltage
divider so that A to C meosures
I 5 volts.
I OHM RESISTORS
2 I % ACCURACY
SPFrlMFNS - (VOLTAGE DIVIDERS)
To meosure current use terminals A and E
To meosure voltoge use terminals A and C
FIG. 2 Circuit Diagram for Cathodic Disbonding Test
additions of preheated, distilled, or demineralized water as
required.
8.2 The temperature of the electolyte surface to bottom
shall be not less than 60 1 3°C. The electrolyte shall be
continuously circulated by means of the stirring apparatus or
equivalent. The maximum temperature shall be attained 4 f
1 h after starting the heater and immersing the specimen.
NOTE4-Throughout the test period, ejected sealant or salt deposits,
or both, may form near, or partially obstruct the intentional coating
holiday described in 7.2. No attempt shall be made to clear the holiday
while the test is in progress.
8.3. Electrical Monitoring Schedule:
8.3.1 Electrical measurements shall be made on the start-
up day and on each normal working day thereafter for the
duration of the test. A maximum of three consecutive
nonworking days shall be preceded by at least two working
days; one non-working day or two consecutive non-working
days shall be preceded by at least one working day, except at
start-up and termination when three and two working days
are required, respectively.
8.3.2 Electrical measurements characterizing the start of
the test are defined as the average of measurements taken on
the second and third days after immersion.
8.3.3 Electrical measurements characterizing intermediate
and terminal time spans shall be taken on two successive
days prior to and including the target date.
8.4 Electrical measurements and adjustments made each
normal working day:
8.4.1 Measure E2,the stress potential in volts between the
test specimen and the reference electrode, without discon-
necting the energized anode or specimen from the circuit.
612
100 OHM, 25 WATT
RHEOSTATS
T",REFERENCE CELL
V
Use the high-resistance voltmeter described in 5.5. The stress
potential, E2, should measure -1.50 f 0.01 Vat 25°C (-1.53
1 0.01 V at 60°C); if it does not, adjust the rectifier or voltage
divider accordingly.
8.4.2 After E2 has been measured and adjusted, if neces-
sary, measure I,, the current demand in amperes, by
determining the potential drop across the 1-D precision
resistor permanently installed in the test cell circuit with the
high-resistance voltmeter described in 5.2. The voltage
reading will be numerically equal to amperes.
NOTE 5-An alternative method of measuring current demand
utilizes a zero-resistance ammeter. In this method, the wire connection
between the test specimen and anode is temporarily broken and a
zero-resistance ammeter temporarily interposed between the specimen
and the anode. Reconnect the specimen to the anode with the connector
wire as soon as this measurement is completed.
8.4.3 Measure E,, the polarized potential, in volts, using
the high-resistance voltmeter described in 5.5 connected
between the test specimen and the reference electrode as
follows:
8.4.3.1 Disconnect the anode from the test specimen
while closely observing the high-resistance voltmeter. As the
instrument pointer falls, it will dwell significantly at the
polarized potential before recording further. The dwell point
is E,.
8.5 Standard duration of the test period shall be 30 days
(720 h) in the energized test vessel including warm-up and
cool-down times, unless longer test periods are specified.
8.6 A physical examination shall be performed immedi-
ately upon termination of the test period as follows:
8.6.1 Before examination, wash the test specimen care-
fully under gently flowing tap water without disturbing
visible destructive effects. Adjust the temperature of the tap
water so that it approximates that of the room temperature.
8.6.2 Examine the entire immersed area visually for any
evidence of new holidays and loosening of coating at the
edge of all holidays, including the artificial holiday.
8.6.3 Drill a new test hole in the coating in an area that
was not immersed, staying away from the immersion line
and the cut end. Recommended distances are given in Fig. 3.
Follow the same drilling procedure described in 7.2.
8.6.4 In order to gage or calibrate the lifting technique,
attempt to lift the coating at the new test hole with the point
of a sharp knife after making cuts through the coating
intersecting at the center of the hole. Inability or relative
resistance to lifting or disbonding the coating shall be
considered the adhered or bonded condition of the untested
coating with respect to the lifting technique used.
8.6.5 Determine if the coating has been loosened at the
immersed test hole by attempting to lift the coating with the
point of a sharp knife after making cuts through the coating
intersecting at the holiday or point of inspection using the
same technique applied in 8.6.4. Classify coating that can be
lifted or disbonded more readily than at the new test hole as
unsealed area. Measure the unsealed area.
NOTE 6-The use of a transparent film having a grid laid out in small
squares such as 2.54 mm (0.1 in.) on a side has been found useful. The
film is placed against the unsealed area and the boundary of the unsealed
area is traced on the grid. The area is then obtained by counting the
squares within the bounded area.
8.7 Determine and record the resistivity and pH of the
electrolyte at the beginning and end of the test period.
9. Report
9.1. The report shall include the following (see Fig. 4):
9.1.1 Complete identification of the test soecimen, in-
cluding:
9.1.1.1 Name and code number of the coating,
9.1.1.2 Size of pipe,

NO SCALE

12 7 m m (05 in ) HOLE THRU

FOR DOWEL SUPPORT
I
REFERENCE HOLE IN C
DRILLED AFTER TEST

--
SEC A - A

--
SECE-E

DIMENSION MILLIMETRES INCHES

A
0
C
490.22rt: 12.7
245.11f12.7
114.3rt: 6.35
I19.300 rt: 0.500)
9.650 0.500)
(4,500rt: 0.250)
D 233.363MIN (9.1875, min)
E 19.05MIN (0.750,min)
F 762 MIN (30,min)

FIG. 3 Recommended Dimensions for Specimen

613
 Temperature, Average Values on
OC A€ Target Days
Date Elapsed Days El, v €2, v 4, FA (4-El), ~

Electrolyte V
A€, V 11, FA
(-4
Log 11, A

Change: Start to Termination: I I I 1

Comments:

mm2 (in.2) Circ. Da mm (in.)

Area Disbonded
Less Initial Holiday
Total Unsealed Area (net)

9.1.1.3 Source, production date, and production run 9. I. 1.5 Immersed area,
number, 9.1.1.6 Size and number of initial holidays, and
9.1.1.4 Minimum-maximum coating thickness, 9.1.1.7 Dates of starting and terminating test.

614
 9.1.2 The relative resistances of the test specimen, in
ohms, before the artificial holiday was made as described in
7.5.
9.1.3 Tally of areas that have been found unsealed on the
terminal date. Areas may be reported in square millimetres
(or square inches) or millimetres (or inches) of equivalent
circle diameter of the area, or both.
9.1.4 The results of starting, intermediate, and terminal
electrical measurements. Report the following measure-
ments:
9.1.4. I Current demand in microamperes or negative
characteristic of the logarithm of the current in amperes, in
both,
9.1.4.2 The value of A E = E2 - E,, in volts, and
9.1.4.3 Change from start to termination for values in
9.1.4.1 and 9.1.4.2.
9.1.5 Temperature of the electrolyte at approximately the
same hour each working day.
9.1.6 Other information that may be pertinent.
10. Precision and Bias
10.1 Precision data are limited to two adjacent specimens
taken from the same production-coated pipe and assumed
that the production process was uniform with respect to pipe
surface condition and coating material. Specimens that were
not adjacent in the as-produced condition or were taken
from different lengths of pipe may represent differing process
conditions. The following data should be used for judging the
acceptability of results. (These precision data are approxima-
tions based on limited data, but they provide a reasonable
basis for judging the significance of results.)
10.2 Repeatability-Duplicate results obtained within a
laboratory should be acceptable unless they differ by more
than 25 mm (1 in.) in value D in accordance with the
following equation:
D = (A/0.785)”*
where:
A =unsealed area developed from one artificial holiday,
mm2 (or in.2)
or if they differ by more than unity in the negative
characteristic of the logarithm of the current demand in
amperes.
10.3 Reproducibility-The results reported by one labora-
tory should be acceptable unless they differ from those of
another laboratory by more than 25 mm (1 in.) for the value
D in the equation given in 10.2, and by more than unity in
the negative characteristic of the logarithm of the current
demand in amperes.

The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection
with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such
patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entireiy their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM Headquafters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
technical committee, which you may attend. if you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your
views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, 7976 Race St., Philadelphia, PA 79703.

615
(# Designation: G 55 - 88 (Reapproved 1992)”

Standard Test Method for

Evaluating Pipeline Coating Patch Materials’
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G 55; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
onginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthesesindicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscnpt epsilon ( 6 ) indicates an editonal change since the last revision or reapproval.

f1 NOTE-section 9 was added editonally September 1992.

1. Scope exposing the patch to a severe radius of curvature on

1 . 1 This test method provides an accelerated means of
determining the relative sealing abilities of pipeline patching
materials that are used to seal holidays in pipeline coatings
on steel pipe. This test method is intended for utilization of
specimens of pipeline coatings on small-diameter pipe, for
representing coatings used for buried or submerged service,
and where the purpose of the coating is to provide an
electrical barrier between the steel pipe and its environment.
1.2 This test method is not intended for evaluating patch
materials that are overlapped upon themselves.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety problems, $any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
small-diameter pipe. The specimen is also exposed to a stress
voltage in the presence of a highly conductive electrolyte.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Test Vessel-A cylindrical glass battery jar (or equiv-
alent), approximately 300 mm (12 in.) in diameter and 300
mm in height. One magnesium anode shall be contained in
each battery jar, with a maximum of eight pipe specimens,
and with each specimen measuring about 25 mm ( 1 in.) in
diameter by approximately 300 mm in length of coated pipe.
(See 4.3 and Figs. 1 and 2.)
4.2 Suspension-The suspension ring for supporting the
pipe specimens shall be an electrically nonconductive cir-
cular disk, measuring approximately 300 mm (12 in.) in
D C MICROAMMETER

w
ALLIGATOR CLIP
2. Summary of Test Method
2.1 Patched pipeline coating specimens are suspended in
300 MM (12”) 18 AWG
an aqueous, alkaline, low-resistivity electrolyte. The speci-
mens are individually connected to a magnesium anode or FROM SPECIMEN TO + CC AMP -
ANODE OR T O POSITIVE
rectifier at a point external to the electrolyte. The coated, TERMINAL OF M E T E R ’\
,/
N

patched pipeline specimens are sealed at the base and at all FOR CURRENT READING \ //
other areas except the patch boundaries, such that the only
MACHINE SCREW
paths for current flow are at the boundaries of the patches.
Current flow in each patch area is averaged from monthly
readings taken for one year. BY DOWEL THROUGH -,NO, CONDUCTIVE
HOLES IN SPECIMEN SUSPENSION RING

3. Significance and Use I

COATED PIPE 1 -IMMERSION
3.1 Holidays in pipeline coatings may be repaired by
circumferential wrapping with a suitable pipe wrap tape. -+ - - - - - - LEVEL

However, this technique is not always practicable and

patching may be required. The effectiveness of a patch CONNECTION
material depends upon its adhesion to the original pipeline PATCH COVERING
coating to effect sealing. INTENTIONAL
3.2 The results of this accelerated test have been found to HOLIDAY

yield comparative data useful for the selection of patching

materials. The user is cautioned against the use of this
ELECTROLYTE
method for absolute material properties characterization. BASE SEAL

3.3 This procedure provides an accelerated method by

This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G-3 on

Durability of Nonmetallic Materials, and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee G03.06 on Deterioration of Pipeline Coatings and Linings.
Y GLASS VESSEL
CYLINDRICAL

Current edition approved May 27, 1988. Published July 1988. Originally FIG. 1 Test Assembly for Evaluating Pipeline Coating Patch
published as G 55 - 77. Last previous edition G 55 - 83. Materials

616
 HIGH RESISTANCE
VOLTMETER
FIG. 2 Alternative Test Assembly for Evaluating Pipeline Coating Patch Materials
diameter and approximately 5 mm (3/16 in.) in thickness. (See
6.4.) Drill a 15-mm (V2-in.) diameter hole through the center
of the ring for external extension of the anode lead wire. Drill
eight suspension holes, about 45 mm (13/4 in.) in diameter,
through the suspension ring for the pipe specimens; these
holes shall be centered 1 10 mm (4% in.) from the center of
the suspension ring and evenly spaced around the ring at 45"
increments as measured from the center of the suspension
ring.
4.3 Potential-A high-purity magnesium anode shall be
used, weighing approximately 2.3 kg (5 lb), and having an
open-circuit potential of approximately 1.7 d-c V relative to
a copper-copper sulfate electrode, and complete with a
factory-sealed lead wire. The magnesium anode may be
replaced by a controlled d-c voltage from a rectifier, and then
maintaining the potential between the specimen having the
least current flow and a copper-copper sulfate reference cell
(with the cell being properly immersed in the electrolyte) at
1.50 f 0.05 d-c V. (See Note 2.) The anode should be
617
composed of a suitable nonconsumable material.2 This
option will avoid the precipitation of magnesium salts on the
specimens.
NOTE-The potential of the magnesium anode will approximate this
range over the life of the test. If a calomel electrode is used for the
reference cell, the potential should be -1.43 f 0.05 d-c V.
4.4 Electrolyte-Use 1 96 each by weight of anhydrous
pure grades of sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, and sodium
carbonate, dissolved in either distilled water or de-
mineralized water. This electrolyte shall never be less alka-
line than pH = 10.0 and should be within a resistivity range
from 20 to 35 Q-cm.
4.5 Instruments:
*The Durachlor 51 anode, Type 8, 18-in. with cable, manufactured by the
Duriron Co., P.O.Box 1145, Dayton, OH 45401, has been found to be a suitable
nonconsumable anode.
 G55
4.5.1 Resistivity Meter, capable of measuring 20 to 40
O-cm in an aqueous solution.
4.5.2 pH meter, capable of measuring 0 to 14 pH.
4.5.3 Thermometer, ASTM Type 17C or equivalent, 19 to
27°C.
4.5.4 Microammeters, d-c, 0 to 100-pA and 0 to 500-PA.
4.5.5 Voltmeter, for direct current, having an internal
resistance of not less than 10 M a and having a range from
0.01 to 5.0 V.
4.5.6 Full-Wave Rectifier, optional, 0 to 0.05 96 ripple,
capable of maintaining 1.50 zk 0.05 d-c V relative to a
copper-copper sulfate cell, and having a capacity for at least
10 A of direct current.
5. Test Specimens
5.1 Dimensions-The specimen shall be steel pipe ap-
proximately 25 mm (1 in.) in diameter, approximately 300
mm (12 in.) in length, and previously coated with the desired
original pipeline coating.
5.2 Circuit Tap-A 5-mm (3/16-in.)diameter hole shall be
drilled or tapped (or a self-tapping screw may be used) at a
point 13 mm (V2 in.) below the top of each specimen. This
tap is for a machine screw anode lead wire connection.
5.3 Pipe Suspension Support Holes-A 6-mm (V4-in.)
diameter hole shall be drilled completely through both walls
of the coated pipe specimen at a point 20 mm (3/4 in.) from
the top end of the specimen and located vertically beneath
the circuit tap hole. A short length of wooden dowel pin
about 5 mm (3/16 in.) in diameter shall be used as an insertion
through the suspension holes to support and level the pipe
specimen on the circular suspension ring when the suspen-
sion ring is mounted on the battery jar.
5.4 Intentional Holidays-A 4-fluted 13-mm (M-in.) di-
ameter facing bit shall be used to drill intentional holidays
through the original pipeline coating to the metal. Drilling
such holidays shall be practiced on scrap pieces of small-
diameter coated pipe, prior to drilling the holidays in the test
specimens. Drilling shall not be any deeper than necessary
into the metal of the pipe. Three holidays shall be prepared
on each specimen in a vertical line directly underneath the
circuit tap to correspond to electrolyte immersions of 38 mm
(lY2 in.), 114 mm (4% in.), and 190 mm (7% in.), as
measured from the top of the holiday to the surface of the
electrolyte. The thickness of the suspension ring shall be
considered for its effect in elevating the pipe specimens in the
electrolyte.
5.5 Patches-A square patch configuration of 25 by 25
mm (1 by 1 in.), evenly centered about the holiday, shall be
lightly marked. This will provide a minimum patch overlap
of 6 mm (114 in.) as measured perpendicular to the center of
each patch edge to the circumference of the holiday. The top
and bottom edges of each patch shall be in the horizontal
plane. Each marked patch area shall be lightly buffed with
120-grit sandpaper. A primer shall be applied using clean
cotton on a stick to extend the primer to the edges of the
marked patch area when specified by the manufacturer of
the patch. The manufacturers’ specified drying time shall be
used for primers before application of the patch. Scissors or a
knife shall be used to cut tape patches to size; tape patches
shall be applied by a firm pressure of the thumb. Wax
patches shall be applied by dripping or pouring the melted
618
wax on the patch area to the desired patch thickness. Each
mastic patch or each liquid patch shall be applied with a new,
clean brush. The number of coats applied shall be recorded
and the patch thickness shall be indicated. The balance of the
circumferential band that is not covered by a patch is then
covered either with the patch material under test or with
another material that has been demonstrated to maintain an
effective seal with the original pipeline coating. The base of
each specimen shall be sealed with a material capable of
preventing current flow at the base of the specimen. All
prepared specimens shall be conditioned a minimum of 48
hours at room temperature prior to immersion in the
electrolyte. Current leakage at the base seal shall be limited
to not more than 1 pA.
5.6 Wiring-Individual 150-mm (6-in.) lengths of 18-gage
insulated copper wire and small alligator clips shall be used
for the electrical connection from the machine screw of the
specimen to the lead wire of the anode.
6. Procedure
6.1 Place the anode in the bottom of the battery jar.
Extend the anode lead wire vertically through the center of
the suspension ring; then center the suspension ring on the
battery jar.
6.2 Mount each patched pipe specimen through one of
the large holes in the suspension ring, with patches facing
out, until the wooden dowel pin in the suspension hole of the
specimen is supported by the suspension ring. When all
specimens have been suspended into the battery jar, pour the
room temperature electrolyte into the battery jar to a point
32 mm (1 1/4 in.) above the topmost patch. The electrolyte
will then be the required height above each patched holiday.
Mark and maintain this level of electrolyte by additions of
distilled water or demineralized water. Maintain the as-
sembly at room temperature for the entire test.
6.3 Wiring-Use alligator clips to connect the 150-mm
(6-in.) length of 18-gage insulated copper wire from the
machine screw in the patched specimen to the lead wire of
the anode.
6.4 Data-See the suggested report (Fig. 3) for the collec-
tion of data. Record the data at the start of the test exposure
as 0 month test duration. Record the data (microamperes of
current flow, pipe to electrolyte potential relative to a
copper-copper sulfate reference cell, and the electrolyte with
respect to pH, resistivity, and temperature) each month for
12 consecutive months. Select a date for taking data within
2 2 calendar days of the day of the month that the initial data
were recorded (for example, a test beginning on the 19th day
of a particular month should have successive monthly data
taken between the 17th and 21st days of the next 12
months).
6.5 Current Flows:
6.5.1 Determine current flows by temporarily discon-
necting the 18-gage insulated wire from the anode, con-
necting the positive lead from a 0 to 100 microammeter (d-c)
to the patched specimen, and connecting the negative lead to
the wire from the anode, external to the battery jar. If there is
a measurable current flow for a patched specimen (1 yA or
more), remove that specimen from the battery jar, taking
care not to allow the specimen to contact the edge of the hole
in the suspension ring. Gently rinse the specimen with either
 EVALUATION OF PIPELINE COATING PATCH MATERIALS

Patch material: Primer: Manufacturer:

Simulated holiday: The original pipeline coating specimens were applied t o 25 nun (1") diameter pipe. A 4-fluted 13 mm (1/2")
facing bit was used to drill all holidays.

Patch overlap: Square patch configuration of 25 mm x 25 mm (1" x 1"). The overlap areas were cleaned with 120 grit
sandpaper prior to patching. Patch overlap of 6 nun (1/4"), as measured from the center of each patch
edge to the circumference of the holiday at the exterior surface of the original coating.

Average microamperes;
3 similar patches

FIG. 3 Suggested Form for Collecting and Summarizing Data

demineralizedwater or distilled water (at room temperature)
to remove all traces of electrolyte. Then, with the microam-
meter connected in series from the patched specimen to the
anode, slowly lower the patched specimen into the electro-
lyte and note the current flow just below, and then just
above, each patch. The difference in microamperes is the
amount of current flow that is being transmitted by that
particular patch.
6.5.2 Record only 100 pA when the current flow for a
patch exceeds 100 pA. When 100 pA has been recorded for
two consecutive readings, remove the patch, clean the patch
area, and then permanently patch the area with a material
capable of sealing the holiday for the remainder of the test.
The current flow data for the original patch is assumed to
continue at the maximum value of 100 pA for the remainder
of the test. The resealing will permit the continuance of
accurate readings of the current flows for the remaining test
patches on that pipe specimen. The 0 to 500 d-c microam-
meter can be used as necessary during the first month of
failure of one or more patches on a pipe specimen, when the
total current flow of a pipe specimen exceeds 100 pA.
7. Report
7.1 The report shall be a copy of the data collection form
(Fig. 3) with all computations completed. The averages are
obtained by adding all of the numbers accumulated in a
column (initial reading plus 12 monthly readings), and
dividing the summation by 13. Determine average values for
the microamperes of current flow for each patch, the pipe to
electrolyte potential, and for the pH, resistivity, and temper-
ature of the electrolyte. The summary section also provides
space for a listing of the average current flow for each set of
three patches.
8. Precision and Bias
8.1 Precision data are limited to the comparison of the
three samples of any one patch material sealing the holidays
on any one original pipeline coating. These data are based on
limited information, but statistically have been shown, by
round-robin testing by four laboratories, to provide a reason-
able basis for comparing the sealing abilities of various
patching materials and various pipeline coatings.
8.2 The average values of triplicate samples of the same
materials, excluding values of 0 pA, by the same worker
should not be considered suspect unless they differ by more
than a factor of 2. For example, an average value of 20 pA
for one set requires a second set of the same materials to be
between 10 to 40 pA for the same worker.
8.3 The average values of triplicate samples of the same
materials, excluding values of 0 pA, reported by one labora-

619
tory should not be considered suspect unless they differ from materials in another laboratory.
similar data from another laboratory by a factor of 3. For
example, an average value of 20 pA for one laboratory 9 Keywords
requires a value in the range of 7 to 60 pA for the same 9.1 barrier; coatings; holiday; patches; pipeline; seals
The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection
with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such
patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject lo revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your
views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA 19103.

620
([Tb Designation: G 62 - 87 (Reapproved 1992)”
Standard Test Methods for
Holiday Detection in Pipeline Coatings’
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G 62; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
onginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number In parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon ( e ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
“ NOTE-section 14 was added editorially in September 1992,
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the apparatus and procedure
for detecting holidays in pipeline type coatings.
1.2 Method A is designed to detect holidays such as
pinholes and voids in thin-film coatings from 0.0254 to
0.254 mm (1 to 10 mils) in thickness using ordinary tap
water and an applied voltage of less than 100 V d-c. It is
effective on films up to 0.508 mm (20 mils) thickness if a
wetting agent is used with the water. It should be noted,
bowever, that this method will not detect thin spots in the
coating, even those as thin as 0.635 mm (0.025 mils). This
may be considered to be a nondestructive test because of the
relatively low voltage.
1.3 Method B is designed to detect holidays such as
pinholes and voids in pipeline cohtings; but because of the
higher applied voltages, it can also be used to detect thin
spots in the coating. This method can be used on any
thickness of pipeline‘ coating and utilizes applied voltages
between 900 and 20 000 V d-c.2 This method is considered
destructive because the high voltages involved generally
destroy the coating at thin spots.
1.4 The values stated in SI units to three significant
decimals are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Document
2.1 ASTM Standard:
A 142/A 142M Specification for Steel Sheet, Metallic
Coated and Polymer Precoated for Corrugated Steel
Pipe3
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 holiday-small faults or pinholes that permit cur-
rent drainage through protective coatings on steel pipe or
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G-3 on
Durability of Nonmetallic Materials and are the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee G03.06 on Deterioration of Pipeline Coatings and Linings.
Current edition approved Sept. 25, 1987. Published November 1987. Originally
published as G 62 - 79. Last previous edition G 62 - 85.
This was taken from the pamphlet “Operating Instructions for Tinker and
Rasor Model EP Holiday Detector.” Other manufacturers’ holiday detectors can
be expected to have similar voltage specifications.
Annual Book of ASTM Siandards, Vol 0 I .06.
62 1
polymeric precoated corrugated steel pipe.
3.1.2 mil-0.001 in.
3.2 Description of Terms Specijk to This Standard:
3.2.1 Holiday Detector-A highly sensitive electrical de-
vice designed to locate holidays such as pinholes, voids, and
thin spots in the coating, not easily seen by the naked eye.
These are used on the coatings of relatively high-electrical
resistance when such coatings are applied to the surface of
materials of low-electrical resistance, such as steel pipe.
3.2.2 Pipeline Type Coating-Coatings of relatively high-
electrical resistance applied to surfaces of relatively low-
electrical resistance, such as steel pipe.
4. Summary of Test Methods
4.1 Both methods rely on electrical contact being made
through the pipeline coating because of a holiday or a
low-resistance path created by metal particles, or thin spots
in the coating. This electrical contact will activate an alarm
alerting the operator of the incidence of a holiday.
4.2 In Method A, the applied voltage is 100 V d-c or
less.
4.3 In Method B, the applied voltage is 900 to 20 000
V d-c.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Method A-Method A describes a quick, safe method
for determining if pinholes, voids, or meial particles are
protruding through the coating. This method will not,
however, find any thin spots in the coating. This method will
determine the existence of any gross faults in thin-film
pipeline coatings.
5.2 Method B-Method B describes a method for deter-
mining if pinholes, voids, or metal particles are protruding
through the coating, and thin spots in pipeline coatings. This
method can be used to verify minimum coating thicknesses
as well as voids in quality-control applications.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Low- Voltage Holiday Detector-A holiday detector
tester having an electrical energy source of less than 100 V
d-c, such as a battery; an exploring electrode having a
cellulose sponge dampened with an electrically conductive
liquid such as tap water; and an audio indicator to signal a
defect in a high-electrical resistance coating on a metal
 G 62
substrate. A ground wire connects the detector with the
low-resistance metal ~urface.~
6.2 High- Voltage Holiday Detector-A holiday detector
tester having an electrical energy source of 900 to 20 000 V
d-c; an exploring electrode consisting of wire brush, coil-
spring, or conductive silicon electrode capable of moving
along the pipeline coating; and an audio indicator to signal a
defect in a high-electrical resistance coating on a metal
substrate. A ground wire connects the detector with the
low-resistance metal surface.
6.3 Peak or Crest Reading Voltmeter-A kilovoltmeter
capable of detecting a single pulse and holding it long enough
for the meter circuits to i n d i ~ a t e . ~
7. Reagents and Materials
7.1 Tap Water, plain or with a wetting agent.6
NOTE l-Ordinary tap water will suffice to wet the sponge electrode
when inspecting coatings up to 0.254 mm (10 mils) in thickness. On
films between 0.254 and 0.508 mm (10 and 20 mils), a nonsudsing type
wetting agent added to the water is recommended to allow for faster
penetration of the liquid into pinhole defects.
8. Test Specimen
8.1 The test specimen shall be a representative length of
production-coated pipe or polymeric precoated corrugated
steel pipe.
9. Standardization of Instruments
9.1 The instruments shall be standardized with respect to
voltage output in accordance with the manufacturer’s in-
structions, using a peak or crest reading voltmeter. This is
used more commonly with Method B where voltage may
vary from test to test but can also be used for verification of
the voltage on a Method A test.
9.2 The low-voltage holiday detector shall be standardized
with respect to sensitivity by having the alarm activated
when a selected resistance, having a 1/2 W rating, is placed
across its terminals. A common factory setting for sensitivity
is 100 000 Q . Most units can be reset to any predetermined
sensitivity value in this manner.
10. Procedure for Method A
10.1 Use the low-voltage holiday detector described in
6.1.
10.2 Assemble the wand and electrode according to the
manufacturer’s instructions and attach the ground wire to
the metal surface.
10.3 Attach the electrode clamps to the end of the wand,
dampen the sponge electrode with tap water, and place it
between the clamps. Then tighten the clamps with the screw
until they are well down into the sponge electrode. Attach
the ground wire (lead with battery clamp) and the wand to
4Among the companies who supply suitable holiday detectors are the fol-
lowing: Tinker and Rasor, P.O. Box 281, San Gabriel, Calif. 91778; Pipeline
InspectionCo., 1919 Antoine St., Houston, Tex. 77055; H. C. Price, Co., P.O. Box
59, Fairless Hills, Pa. 19030; and K. D. Co., 1091 Cornell St., Palo Alto, Calif.
94306.
5 A suitable peak or crest reading voltmeter may be obtained from Itt-Jennings,
970 McLaughlin Ave., San Jose, Calif. 95 1 16.
6 A wetting agent such as Eastman Kodak Photo-Flo has been found suitable
for this purpose and is readily available at most leading camera stores.
622
the terminals. Clip the ground wire to some point where the
metal surface is bare. Now touch the electrode to a second
point where the surface is bare and note that the audible
signal will be activated. The detector is now ready to operate
by passing the damp sponge over the coated surface. When a
holiday is picked up by the audible alarm, the electrode can
be turned on end and the exact spot of failure can be noted
by searching with the tip of the electrode.
10.4 The voltage between the electrode (sponge) and the
metal surface upon which the coating lies shall not exceed
100 V d-c, measured between the electrode sponge and the
coated metal when the detector is in its normal operating
position.
10.5 Prior to making the inspection, ensure that the
coated surface is dry. This is particularly important if formed
surfaces are to be inspected. If the surface is in an environ-
ment where electrolytes might form on the surface, such as
salt spray, wash the coated surface with fresh water and allow
to dry before testing. Take care to keep the electrolyte at least
12.7 mm (112 in.) from any bare sheared or slit edge.
10.6 A low-voltage holiday detector is not satisfactory for
the inspection of pipeline coatings over 0.508 mm (20 mils)
in thickness. This type of holiday detector will not detect thin
spots in pipeline coatings.
11. Procedure for Method B
1 1.1 Use the high-voltage holiday detector.
1 1.2 Determine the test voltage desired by multiplying the
dielectric breakdown voltage per millimetre (mil) of the
coating (Note 2) times the minimum allowable thickness of
the coating in millimetres (mils).
NOTE2-The dielectric breakdown voltage per millimetre (mil) can
be determined for each coating experimentally as follows: Increase the
holiday detector voltage over a known coating thickness and measure
the voltage at the point where the detector will just begin to ring. Divide
this voltage by the known coating thickness to obtain the amount of
volts per millimetre (mil). This can also be obtained from most coating
manufacturers’ literature.
1 1.2.1 An alternative method of determining test voltage
is by use of one of the following equations depending on
coating thickness.
1 1.2.2 If the coating thickness is less than 1.016 mm (40
mils):
V = MJE
where:
V = test voltage
Tc = coating thickness
M = 3294 if Tc is in millimetres
M = 525 if Tc is in mils.
11.2.3 If the coating thickness is greater than 1.041 mm
(41 mils):
V = K m
where:
V = test voltage
Tc = coating thickness
K = 7843 if Tc is in millimetres
K = 1250 if Tc is in mils
11.2.4 These equations are predicated on the amount of
voltage needed to jump an air gap of the same length as the
 4gb G 62
DATA SHEET AND REPORT

Holiday Detection in Pipeline Coatings

Detector Type and Manufacturer Report No.
Coating Manufacturer Page of -
Production Date
Production Run No.
Applied by

Coating Detector Pipe

Thickness Detector Test Resistance Number of Diameter
Specimen
Voltage Method Holidays
mm mils ohms mm in.
I I

FIG. 1 Suggested Form for Use in Presenting Data for Method A and Method B

coating thickness. Therefore, they are useful for testing voids,
pinholes and thin spots in the coating, but would not be
useful as a coating thickness quality control tool.
11.3 Ground the test specimen by attaching the ground
wire to a bare metal spot on the pipe surface. Plug the ground
wire into the holiday detector. Then make up the searching
electrode in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommen-
dations, using a brush wire or conductive silicon electrode.
Plug the searching electrode into the holiday detector. Turn
on the holiday detector.
1 1.3.1 CAUTION: Because of the high voltages involved,
do not touch the ground wire and the metal part of the
electrode at the same time if the instrument is on.
11.4 The detector is now ready to operate by passing the
electrode over the test specimen. The detector will ring if it
passes any void, pinhole, or area of the coating thinner than
the minimum allowable thickness. When a holiday is de-
tected by the audible alarm, the electrode can be repositioned
to determine the exact holiday area by observing the origin of
the spark jump.
11.5 Prior to making the inspection, ensure that the
coated surface is dry. Dryness is critical in a high voltage test.
Take care to keep the electrode at least 12.7 mm (112 in.)
from any bare sheared or slit edge.
12. Report
12.1 The report shall include the following (see Fig. 1):
12.2 Complete identification of the specimen including
names and code number of the coating, pipe diameter,
source, production data, and production run number. For
polymeric precoated corrugated steel pipe, the reporting
requirements of Specification A 742 shall be used for identi-
fication,
12.3 Name and type of instrument used, method of
standardization, and whether Method A or Method B was
used, and
12.4 If Method B was used, state the test voltage, the
method used to calculate the voltage, and the minimum
allowable thickness in millimetres (mils) of the test sample.
13. Precision
13.1 Precision data are limited to adjacent specimens
taken from the production-coated pipe as for the polymeric
corrugated steel pipe assuming that the production process
was uniform with respect to pipe surface condition and
coating material. Specimens that were not adjacent in the
as-produced condition, or were taken from different lengths
of pipe, may represent differing process conditions.
13.2 Repeatability-When the same instrument is used
by the same operator, duplicate measurements on the same
specimen shall agree within ~ k 5%.
13.3 Reproducibility-Different operators using different
instruments, set at the same voltage, inspecting the same
specimen shall obtain average results agreeing with each
other within +lo %.
14. Keywords
14.1 holidays; holiday detector; piping; pinhole; wet
sponge detector

The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection
with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such
patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your
views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, 7916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA 19103.

623
[{Tb Designation: G 70 - 81 (Reapproved 1992)"
Standard Test Method for
Ring Bendability of Pipeline Coatings (Squeeze Test)'
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G 70; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon ( e ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
NOTE-section I I was added editorially September 1992.
1. Scope
1.1 This method covers testing the relative resistance of
pipeline coatings to cracking and spalling from deformation
of the pipe by observing the effects of diametral compression
of ring samples. The method is limited to thin film coatings
having an elongation not exceeding 5.0 %.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety problems, i f any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
G 12 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of
Film Thickness of Pipeline Coatings on Steel2
G 62 Test Methods for Holiday Detection in Pipeline
Coatings2
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The method consists of compressing coated pipe ring
samples in a hydraulic arbor press, universal test machine, or
other suitable device. The ring sample is compressed to an
approximate oval shape wherein the minor diameter of the
oval is produced by a bending force that elongates the
coating at the metal interface. The coating elongation or
stretch as produced in the test by comptessing the ring to a
gaged dimension can be calculated to produce the same
coating elongation or stretch as would occur in actual
bending of the pipe to a given radius. Coating failure in the
form of cracking or loss of adhesion is detected by electrical
test for holidays while the test is in process.
3.2 Compression of coated ring samples is controlled by
use of a dial indicator, micrometer, or other suitable dis-
tance-measuring device. Dimensions are then corrected to
outside dimensions by subtracting the dial indicator or
micrometer reading from the initial pipe diameter.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The method will provide information on the ability of
I This test method is under the Junsdiction of ASTM Committee G-3 on
Durability of Nonmetallic Matenals, and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee GO3 06 on Deterioration of Pipeline Coatings and Linings
Current edition approved Oct 30, 198I Published December 1981
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol06 02
624
pipeline coatings to resist cracking, spalling, or other me-
chanical damage as a result of bending. If the test is applied
to coated pipe samples from commercial production, the
results can be used in the selection of similar materials for
service. The test has application as a quality control method
when variations in coating application or material formula-
tion may affect bending performance.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Compression Apparatus-An arbor press, universal
test machine, or other device that can apply sufficient force
at a controlled rate of movement.
5.2 Film Thickness Gage, as described in Test Method
G 12.
5.3 Holiday Detector-A high- or low-voltage d-c holiday
detector as specified in Test Methods G 62 shall be used to
locate breaks in the coating film. Low-voltage holiday
detectors shall be used on coatings 0.51 mm (520 mils) thick
and high-voltage holiday detectors shall be used on thicker
coatings.
6. Test Specimens
6.1 The test specimens shall be coated ring samples 50 k 5
mm (2 k 0.20 in.) in length.
6.2 Five samples shall be cut from the same piece of
coated pipe by hand saw, power saw, or lathe with care not to
damage the coating in the holding device. All edges shall be
visually deburred. More samples may be required depending
on the testing application.
6.3 Samples shall have areas of coating removed in
accordance with Fig. 1.
6.4 The samples shall be free of obvious coating flaws or
defects.
7. Conditioning
7.1 Where compression testing at room temperature is
required, the specimen shall be exposed to these conditions
for a sufficient time to ensure thermal equilibrium in the
pipe and coating. A temperature in the range from 20 to
25°C (68 to 77°F) shall be considered room temperature. A
relative humidity of 50 f 5 % shall be considered standard.
7.2 Tests at other temperatures shall be made in such a
manner as to ensure that thermal equilibrium is maintained
between the specimen and its conditioning environment.
8. Procedure
8.1 Measure the outside diameter and wall thickness of
each specimen using a suitable measuring instrument.
 Remove coating i n t h i s area specimen for any loss of coating bond caused by the bending
t o bare metal on both sides
operation.
NOTE-The possibility of some coatings developing stress-induced
cracks in the period following the bending operation should not be
overlooked. If this is a consideration, the bent specimen should be
retained for future inspection.
8.6 If a micrometer is used, measure the distance of
compression of the specimen.
8.7 After finding the distance of compression, subtract
this figure from the initial pipe diameter and determine the
percent bend by calculation as shown in the Annex.
9. Report
9.1 The initial test report shall include the following (see
Fig. 2):
I J
9.1.1 Complete identification of the coated pipe tested,
Squeezing a x i s including: name and type of coating; average coating thick-
I ness; minimum coating thickness; maximum coating thick-
ness; manufacturer’s lot number; date of manufacture;
nominal pipe diameter.
9.1.2 Rate of compression.
9.1.3 Temperature of the pipe specimen as tested.
9.1.4 Percent bend and corresponding distance of com-
pression at which cracking first occurred.
9.1.5 Description of the type of cracking that is visible, or
indicated, or both, by the holiday detector.
9.1.6 Extent of any loss in pipe-to-coating bond.
9.1.7 Number of specimens tested.
+ Pipe O.D. 9.1.8 Any peculiar characteristics of the specimen noted
during the test or after immediate removal from the test
FIG. 1 Specimen
apparatus.
9.1.9 Post-bend retention time in days.
8.2 Measure the applied coating thickness of each spec-
imen in accordance with Test Method G 12. 10. Precision
8.3 Place specimen between the compression surfaces and 10.1 Precision data are limited to adjacent specimens
apply suficient compressive force to barely hold the sample. taken from the production-coated pipe assuming that the
The direction of compression shall be as shown in Fig. 1. production process was uniform with respect to pipe surface
8.4 Apply compressive force by movement of the com- condition and coating material. Specimens that were not
pression surfaces at a constant rate of speed. adjacent in the as-produced condition or were taken from
8.4.1 The rate of movement of the compression surfaces different lengths of pipe may represent differing process
shall be in accordance with the following guidelines: conditions.
Specimen Diameter, mm Testing Speed, mm/min 10.2 Repeatability-When the same instrument is used
50 to 200 2 to 20 by the same operator, duplicate measurements on the same
200 to 400 20 to 40 specimen shall agree within +8 %.
400 to 600 40 to 60
>600 60 to 100 10.3 Reproducibility-Different operators using different
The rate of movement of the compression surfaces can be holiday detectors set at the same voltages, inspecting the
determined by any suitable method such as a dial indicator, same specimen shall obtain average results agreeing with
micrometer, caliper, and a stopwatch. each other within k 1 5 %.
8.5 Examine the specimen during compression with the
holiday detector (Test Methods G 62) constantly to deter- 11. Keywords
mine the point of cracking of the coating film. Note the 1 1.1 bendability; coating; compression; deformation;
number, size, and type of cracks present. Examine the pipe pipeline; ring sample; squeeze

625
 DATA SHEET AND REPORT Report No..
Specimen No.
Squeeze Test for Bendability of Pipeline Coatings
Date
Pipe OD mm (in.) Wall mm (in.) Initials
Type Grade Manufacturer

Coating: Thickness, mm (in.): max min

Applied by Method

a b C d e f ( g / h I j ( k I ( m n 0

Holiday
Results Observed Temperature Cracks Spalling
Detector
Compressed State
Ru;
Initial .
Distance
A,
Final
Distance A-
Percent
Stretch Date
Elapsed
Time,
F
g
2:
mm/min 'C OF Visible No Yes Negative Positive
mm (in ) "(In ) (in /min)
mm (in )
1
2
3

1 1
FIG. 2 Suggested Form for Recording Data

ANNEX
(Mandatory Information)
Al. ASSUMPTIONS AND CALCULATIONS NECESSARY TO DEVELOP A CURVE TO RELATE PERCENT
COATING ELONGATION TO RING SAMPLE DEFLECTION
A 1 . 1 Given-Squeeze a ring in a vise a limited amount,
forming an oblate. See Fig. A 1.1.
A 1.2 Assumptions:
A1.2.1 That when a ring specimen is squeezed (com-
pressed) between two parallel platens a limited amount,
portions of the specimen will be reduced to portions of a ring
having smaller radii than the original ring. The new, small
ring portions will have radii close enough to a true circle that
it may be assumed that true circle portions are represented.
NOTEAI.1-It may be argued that the original pipe section is not a
perfect circle but is so regarded when Barlow's formula is applied.
A1.2.2 That when a portion of a ring is deformed into
ring having a smaller radius, the part of the surface of the
original ring that is deformed into a smaller ring is elongated
uniformly.
A1.2.3 If the original ring outer surface is coated and that
surface is elongated, the adhered coating must not only
elongate but the new adhered surface must be less than the
original adhered surface. Hence the adhered surface must be
reduced. The only exception to this would occur with a
sticky coating wherein the coating is an adhesive that will
flow to accommodate the larger surface.
A1.2.4 That the adhering property of the coating will be
the same whether the metal surface interface is longitudinal
or peripheral with the pipe.

626
 RING OBLATE
FIG. A l . l Ring Sample

A1.2.5 That the wall thickness of the ring is not changed suitable as long as it is always less than the arc subtended
when the ring is squeezed. outside the platens of the vise because the arc 6 will be
NOTEA1.2-If any of these assumptions are known to be question- obtained as a ratio of 8. For example, let 8 = 4%' = 4.5/360
able, the percent stretch (elongation) must be calculated in a different = 0.0125. Now find 6 by letting a = b.
way. Other ways of determining the percent elongation would be by
direct measurement while the ring is compressed or by comparison to u=b (5)
standard radii bends. Then:
A 1.3 Calculations (See Figs. A 1.2 and A 1.3): 6a(Dl - t ) = Ba(D - t )
A1.3.1 In Fig. A1.2: Since I9 = 0.0125:
Let:
D = outside diameter of the large ring,
t = wall thickness of ring,
8 = arc of large ring measured as a fraction of 360",
b = length along neutral axis subtended by arc 8, and
d = length along outer surface subtended by arc 8. which is the elongated surface.
If P is the percent of elongation or stretch:
Then:
b = &(D - t), and
U
d = BnD
A1.3.2 In Fig. A1.3: 0.0125 a D I - 0.0125nD
-t)
(01
Let: P= 0.0125.rrD (10)
D, = outside diameter of the small ring,
t = wall thickness of ring (same as Fig. l),
6 = arc of small ring measured as a fraction of 360",
a = length along neutral axis subtended by arc 6, and
c = length along outer surface subtended by arc 6. percent of elongation in the compressed ring.
Then: NOTEA 1.3-While the selected value for B appears to drop out of the
u = 6n(D, - t), and equation at this point along with ?F, it will be needed for evaluating the
(3) equations in order to limit the functions to arcs formed outside the
c = 6nDl (4) platens of the compressive device.
A1.3.3 Select an arbitrary value for arc 8. Any value is A1.3.4 Development of Percent Stretch vs Ring Deflection
Curve-In Eq 1 1 , we know t as the wall thickness and D as
the outside diameter of the ling. Equation 1 1 is used to

FIG. A1.3 Small Ring

FIG. A1.2 Large Ring

627
calculate the P or percent stretch value for a given ring stretch of the coating when the ring is compressed to 5 1 mm.
deflection as in the sample calculation below. (73 - 5.2)(51) - 73
(D- t)D'
~- (51 - 5.2)
P= x 100
73
P = (D- t , x 100
P = 3.42 %
D
For 73 mm outside diameter -5.2 mm wall steel pipe, t = In this way one continues to obtain as many points as
5.2 mm, D = 73 mm, we desire to know what the percent necessary to make an acceptable calibration curve.

The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rigbts asserted in connection
with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such
patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your
views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA 19103.

628
(i]b Designation: G 80 - 88 (Reapproved 1992)''
Standard Test Method for
Specific Cathodic Disbonding of Pipeline Coatings'
This standard 1s issued under the fixed designation G 80, the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
onginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revlsion A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval A
superscript epsilon ( e ) indicates an editonal change since the last revision or reapproval
NOTE-section 1 I was added editorially in September 1992.
1. Scope
I. 1 This test method covers an accelerated procedure for
simultaneously determining comparative characteristics of
insulating coating systems applied to steel pipe exterior for
the purpose of preventing or mitigating corrosion that may
occur in underground service where the pipe will be in
contact with natural soils and may or may not receive
cathodic protection. It is intended for use with samples of
coated pipe taken from commercial production and is
applicable to such samples when the coating is characterized
by function as an electrical bamer.
1.2 This test method is specific with no options. For
alternative methods of test see Test Methods G 8.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
G 8 Test Methods for Cathodic Disbonding of Pipeline
Coatings2
G 12 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of
Film Thickness of Pipeline Coatings on Steel2
G 16 Practice for Applying Statistics to Analysis of Corro-
sion Data3
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The coating on the test specimen is subjected to
electrical stress in a highly conductive, alkaline electrolyte.
Electrical stress is obtained by means of a sacrificial magne-
sium anode. The coating is perforated before starting the test.
3.2 After the test period is concluded, results are deter-
mined by physical examination and comparing the loosened
or disbonding coating at the perforations in the immersed
area with loosened or disbonded coating at a new test hole in
the coating made in an area that was not immersed.
I This test method is under the junsdiction of ASTM Committee G-3 on
Durability of Nonmetallic Matenals and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee G03.06 on Durability of Nonmetallic Materials.
Current edition approved Nov. 25, 1988. Published January 1989. Onginally
published as G 80 - 83. Last previous edition G 80 - 83.
Annual Book ofASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
3 Annual Book ofASTM Standards, Vol03.02.
629
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Breaks or holidays in pipe coatings may expose the
pipe to possible corrosion, since after a pipe has been
installed underground, the surrounding earth will be more or
less moisture-bearing and constitutes an effective electrolyte.
Damage to pipe coating is almost unavoidable during
transportation and construction. Normal soil potentials as
well as applied cathodic protection potentials may cause
loosening of the coating, beginning at holiday edges, in some
cases increasing the apparent size of the holiday. Holidays
may also be caused by such potentials. While apparently
loosened coating and cathodic holidays may not result in
corrosion, this test provides accelerated conditions for loos-
ening to occur and therefore gives a measure of resistance of
coatings to this type of action.
4.2 The effects of the test are evaluated by physical
examination assessing the effective contact of the coating
with the metal surface in terms of observed differences in the
relative adhesive bond. It is usually found that the electrically
stressed area propagates from the holiday to a boundary
where the loosened coating leaves off for the more effective
contact or bond attributed to an original condition
throughout the specimen before electrical stressing was
applied. Assumptions associated with test results include:
4.2.1 That attempting to loosen or disbond the coating at
a new test hole made in the coating in an area that was not
immersed represents maximum adhesion or bond as mea-
sured by the lifting technique used, and that the same lifting
technique can be used at a test hole that was immersed,
thereby providing a means of comparing relative resistance
to lifting.
4.2.2 That any relatively lesser bonded area at the im-
mersed test holes in the coating was caused by electrical
stressing and was not attributable to any anomaly in the
application process. Ability to resist disbondment is a desired
quality on a comparative basis, but disbondment per se in
this test is not necessarily an adverse indication. The virtue
of this test is that all dielectric type coatings now in common
use will disbond to some degree thus providing a means of
comparing one coating with another. Bond strength is more
important for proper functioning of some coatings than
others and the same measured disbondment for two different
coating systems may not represent equivalent loss of corro-
sion protection.
4.2.3 That the current density appearing in this test is
much greater than that usually required for cathodic protec-
tion in natural, inland soil environments.
4.2.4 That there is no impact on test results caused by
interaction among multiple test samples in the test vessel. It
is suggested that if interference is suspected, clarification may
be obtained by testing a single sample in the test vessel.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Apparatus:
5.1.1 Test Vessel-A nonconducting material shall be
used for the vessel or as a lining in a metallic vessel.
Dimensions of the vessel shall permit the following require-
ments:
5.1.1.1 Test specimens shall be suspended vertically in the
vessel with at least 25.4 mm (1-in.) clearance from the
bottom.
5.1.1.2 Each test specimen shall be separated from the
other specimens, from the anodes and from the walls of the
test vessel by at least 38.1 mm (1.500 in.).
5.1.1.3 Depth of electrolyte shall permit the test length of
the specimen to be immersed as required in 7.4.
5.1.2 Magnesium Anode-The anode shall be made of a
magnesium alloy having a solution potential of -1.45 to
-1.55 V with respect to a CuCuSO, reference electrode in
the electrolyte given in 6.1. It shall have a surface area not
less than one third that of the total specimen area exposed to
electrolyte (outside area exposed only). The anode shall be
provided with a factory-sealed, 4 107-cmil(14-gage Awg),
minimum, insulated copper wire. Anodes without a factory
seal may be used if the magnesium extends above the cover.
5.1.3 Connectors-Wiring from anode to test specimen
shall be 4 107-cmil (14-gage Awg), minimum, insulated
copper. Attachment to the test specimen shall be by sol-
dering, brazing, or bolting to the nonimmersed end, and the
place of attachment shall be coated with an insulating
material. A junction in the connecting wire is permitted,
provided that it is made by means of a bolted pair of
terminal lugs soldered or mechanically crimped to clean wire
ends.
5.1.4 Holiday Tools-Holidays shall be made with con-
ventional drills of the required diameter. A sharp-pointed
knife with a safe handle is required for use in making
physical examinations.
5.1.5 High-Resistance Voltmeter, for direct current,
having an internal resistance of not less than 10 MO and
having a range from 0.01 to 5 V for measuring potential to
the reference electrode.
5.1.6 Reference Electrode, saturated CuCuSO, of conven-
tional glass or plastic tube with porous plug construction,
preferably not over 19.05 mm (0.750 in.) in diameter, having
a potential of -0.316 V with respect to the standard
hydrogen electrode. A saturated calomel electrode may be
used, but measurements made with it shall be converted to
the CuCuSO, reference for reporting by adding -0.072 V to
the observed reading.
5.1.7 Thickness Gage, for measuring coating thickness in
accordance with Test Method G 12.
5.1.8 Volt-Ohm-Meter, for initial testing of apparent
coating resistance.
5.1.9 Metallic Electrode, used temporarily with the volt-
ohm-meter to determine apparent initial holiday status of
the test specimen.
5.1.10 Additional Connecting Wires, 4 107-cmil ( 14-gage
Awg), minimum, insulated copper.
630
6. Materials
6.1 The electrolyte shall consist of potable tap water with
the addition of 1 mass 96 of each of the following technical-
grade salts, calculated on an anhydrous basis: sodium chlo-
ride, sodium sulfate, and sodium carbonate. Use freshly
prepared solution for each test.
6.2 Materials for sealing the ends of coated pipe speci-
mens may consist of bituminous products, waxy, epoxy, or
other materials, including molded elastomer or plastic end
caps.
6.3 Plywood or plastic material has been found suitable
for the construction of test vessel covers and for the support
through apertures of test specimens and electrodes. Wood
dowels introduced through holes in the top ends of test
specimens have been found suitable for suspending test
specimens from the vessel cover.
7. Test Specimen
7.1 The test specimens shall be 60 mm (2.375 in.) O.D.
Schedule 40 coated pipes prepared with their surface prepa-
ration and coatings procedure equivalent to that of produc-
tion coated pipe, then cut and drilled as shown in Figure 1.
One end shall be plugged or capped and sealed.
7.2 Three test holes shall be made in the coating in each
specimen, drilled 120" apart with one in the center and the
other two at locations one-fourth the distance from top and
bottom of the immersed test length. Each holiday shall be
drilled so that the angular cone point of the drill will fully
enter the steel where the cylindrical portion of the drill meets
the steel surface. The drill diameter shall be not less than
three times the coating thickness, but it shall never be smaller
than 6.35 mm, (0.250 in.) in diameter. The steel wall of the
pipe shall not be perforated. Record initial holiday diameter.
NOTE1-Before making the holiday, see 7.6.
7.3 The end of the pipe which will protrude above the
immersion line shall be provided with suitable supporting
means and a separate wire connection for electrical purposes,
soldered, brazed, or bolted to the pipe. The protruding end,
including hanger and wire connections, shall be protected
and sealed with an insulating coating material.
7.4 The specimen test area shall consist of the area
between the edge of the bottom end seal and the immersion
*
line for a distance of 490.22 mm 12.7 (19.300 f .500 in)
representing an area of 92,900 mm2 (1 ft2). The bottom end
seal area shall not be considered part of the area tested.
7.5 Measure and record the minimum and maximum
coating thickness in accordance with Test Method G 12, and
the thickness where each holiday is made.
7.6 Verify the continuity of the coating and the effective-
ness of the end cap seal before making artificial holidays as
follows:
7.6.1 Immerse the test specimen and a metallic electrode
in the electrolyte. Connect one terminal of the ohmmeter to
the test specimen and the other terminal to the metallic
electrode. Measure the apparent resistance in ohms, making
two determinations: one with the specimen connected to the
positive terminal of the ohmmeter, and one with the
specimen connected to the negative terminal.
7.6.2 Disconnect the specimen from the ohmmeter but
 TEST W I R CONNECTION
TEST HOL
DlMH MILLIMETERS
A 490.22 f 12.7
B 245.1 1 12.7
C 120.652 6.35
D 114. 3 f 6.35
E 233.363 MIN
F I 19.05 MlN
FIG. 1 Specimen
leave it immersed for 15 min. Then measure resistance again
as in 7.6.1.
7.6.3 A significant decrease in either resistance reading
after 15 min will indicate a flaw in the coating or end cap
seal. Reject the specimen if the flaw is identified in the
coating. If the flaw is in the end cap seal it may be repaired
and the resistance remeasured as in 7.6.1 and 7.6.2.
7.6.4 The lowest resistance after 15 min of immersion
shall be not less than 1000 mQ.'A stable reading below 1000
MQ may not indicate a flaw and the specimen may be used
for test, but all resistance measurements shall be reported in
the results.
8. Procedure
8.1 Immerse the test specimen in the electrolyte and
connect it to the anode as shown in Fig. 1. Position the
middle holiday so that it faces away from the anode. Space
the anode with respect to test specimens as described in
5.1.1. Mark the correct immersion level of the test specimen
with a grease pencil and maintain by daily additions of
potable water as required. Perform the test at a room
temperature of 21" to 25°C (70" to 77°F).
8.1.1 In order to ascertain that the test cell is functioning,
measure the potential between test specimen and a reference
63 1
60.325 mm (2.375 in) 0.R PIPE
SCHEWLE 40, COATED
SEC D-D
SEC c-c
C 8-8
INCHES
I9.300~:.500
9.650f -500
n
, w
4.750&.250 - E
4.500k.250 2
. w
9.1875 MIN K
0 . 7 5 0 MlN
electrode immediately after starting the test and immediately
before terminating it. Use temporary connections and instru-
mentation, as shown in Fig. 1. The potential measured shall
be - 1.45 V to - 1.55 V with respect to a CuCuSO, reference
electrode. Use the instrument described in 5.1.5.
8.2 Duration of the test period shall be 60 days.
8.3 A physical examination shall be performed immedi-
ately upon termination of the test period as follows:
8.3.1 Examine the entire immersed area for any evidence
of new holidays and loosening of coating at the edge of all
holidays, including the artificial holidays.
8.3.2 Drill a new test hole in the coating in an area that
was not immersed as shown in Fig. 1. Follow the same
drilling procedure described in 7.2.
8.3.3 In order to gauge or calibrate the lifting technique,
attempt to lift the coating at the new test hole with the point
of a sharp knife after making cuts through the coating
intersecting at the center of the hole. Inability or relative
resistance to lifting or disbonding the coating shall be
considered the adhered or bonded condition of the untested
coating with respect to the lifting technique used.
8.3.4 Record the condition found at the new test hole.
8.3.5 Determine if the coating has been loosened at the
immersed test holes by attempting to lift the coating with the
 SPECIMEN SUPPORTED BY
DOWEL THRU HOLES I N
NONIMWERSED END

coated connection
t o specimen
BOLTED TERMINAL LUG
CONNECTION

3 -
HIGH RES ISTAN C E
7VOLTMETER

TEMPORARY WIRE
CONNECTIONS

REFERENCE
ELECTRODE
NON CONDU C T l V E
COVER

FACTORY SEALED
ANODE CONNECTION
INTENTIONAL HOLIDAY
MAGNESIUM ANODE

TEST VESSEL

ELECT ROLY T E

r
NOTE-Test hole made in non-immersed area after testing not shown
SEALED END OF SPECIMEN

FIG. 2 Test Assembly

point of a sharp knife after making cuts through the coating
intersecting at the holiday or point of inspection using the
same technique applied in 8.3.3.
8.3.6 Classify coating that can be lifted or disbonded more
readily than at the new test hole as unsealed area. Measure
the unsealed area.
NOTE 2-The use of a transparent film having a grid laid out in small
squares such as 2.54 mm (0.1 in) on a side has been found useful. The
film is placed against the unsealed area and the boundary of the unsealed
area is traced on the grid. The area is then obtained by counting the
squares within the bounded area.
9. Data Sheet and Report (see Fig. 3)
9.1 Complete identification of the test specimen, in-
cluding:
9.1.1 Name and code number of the coating,
9.1.2 Size and wall thickness of pipe,
9.1.3 Source, production date, and production run
number,
9.1.4 Minimum-maximum coating thickness, average
thickness and the thickness at the holiday,
9.1.5 Size of initial holidays,
9.1.6 Resistance measurements verifying continuity of the
coating and effectiveness of the end cap seal as required in
Sec. 7.6,
9.1.7 Dates of starting and terminating test, and
9.1.8 Other information that may be pertinent.
9.2 Tally of areas that have been found unsealed on the
terminal date. Report areas in square millimeters (square
inches) or millimeters (inches) of equivalent circle diameter.
NOTE 3-Equivalent circle diameter (ECD) is obtained from the
following formula:
>ECD= -
( 0 . k ) 'I2<
where:
A = area of holiday, mm2 (in.2)
10. Precision
10.1 No statement of precision can be made for tests of
single specimens. For evaluation of the results of more than
one specimen representing the same product the statistical
methods given in Practice G 16 may be used.
NOTE4-Variation in results may be due to differences between
specimens as well as in execution of the tests. Variation of more than
12.7 mm (0.5 in) in equivalent circle diameter of presumably like
specimens may be due to causes other than execution.
11. Keywords
1 1.1 anode; cathodic; disbondment; electrical stress; elec-
trolyte; equivalent diameter

632
 DATA SHEET AND REPORT
SPECIFIC CATHODIC DISBONDING OF PIPELINE COATINGS
1 Specimen No-. Report No ___ initials- Date-
2 Pipe

I
~
Mfer.
mm (in.) O.D. mm (in.) W
API
a l l m m (in.) Length

3. Coating:
Name.No I

Mfgr.
Application method
L Applicator ~

. Thickness. mm (in.)
M a x _ Min- Av - At holidays Top- Middle- Bottom-
4. Condition found at new test hole made in the non-immersed area after test concluded
Mark aDDliCabk case.
-No lifting or disbonding
-Some lifting or disbonding: -mm2 (in.2)-ECD
3. Test:
Date s t a r t e d Date finishe-
Test a r e a m m ’ (in2) I Top I Middle 1 Bottom I Average 1
Initial holiday dia. mm (in.)
Final unsealed area mm2 (in.2)
(-) initial holiday area mm’ (in.3
= Net disbonded area mm2(in.*)
Disbonded Eouivalent Circle Diameter mm (in.)
~~~

6 Preliminary venfication

Venfication of coating continuity

before starting test per Sec 7 6

Megohms

Initial
Minus

Final
Minus

FIG. 3 Form for Presenting Data for One Specimen

The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection
with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such
patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
technical committee, which you may attend. lf you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your
views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA 19103.

633
 Last ASTM Designation: G 89 - 85

Standard Methods for

Cathodic Disbonding of Pipeline Coatings Subjected to Cyclic
Temperatures

These methods cover an accelerated procedure for determining Comparative characteristics of insulating coating systems
applied to steel pipe exterior for the purpose of preventing or mitigating corrosion that may occur in underground service
where the pipe will be exposed to high temperatures, and is under cathodic protection. These methods are intended for use
with samples of coated pipe taken from commercial production and is applicable to such samples when the coating is
characterized by function as an electrical barrier.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee G-3 on Durability of Pipeline Coatings and Linings. These methods were
discontinued in 1992.

634
 Designation: G 95 - 87 (Reapproved 1992)''
Standard Test Method for
Cathodic Disbondment Test of Pipeline Coatings (Attached
Cell Method)'
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G 95; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
onginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon ( e ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
NOTE-seCtiOn 12 was added editorially September 1992.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers accelerated procedures for
simultaneously determining comparative characteristics of
coating systems applied to steep pipe exterior for the purpose
of preventing or mitigating corrosion that may occur in
underground service where the pipe will be in contact with
natural soils and will receive cathodic protection. They are
intended for use with samples of coated pipe taken from
commercial production and are applicable to such samples
when the coating is characterized by function as an electrical
barrier.
1.2 This test method is intended to facilitate testing of
coatings where the test cell is cemented to the surface of the
coated pipe specimen. This is appropriate when it is imprac-
tical to submerge or immerse the test specimen as required by
Test Methods G 8, G 42, or G 80. Coating sample configu-
ration such as flat plate and small diameter pipe may be
used, provided that the test procedure remains unchanged.2
1.3 This test method allows options that must be identi-
fied in the report.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standprd to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
G 8 Test Methods for Cathodic Disbonding of Pipeline
Coatings3
G 12 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of
Film Thickness of Pipeline Coatings on Steel3
G 42 Test Method for Cathodic Disbonding of Pipeline
Coatings Subjected to Elevated Temperatures3
G 62 Test Methods for Holiday Detection in Pipeline
Coatings3
G80 Test Method for Specific Cathodic Disbonding of
Pipeline Coatings3
I This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G3 on
Durability of Nonmetallic Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee (303.06 on Durability of Pipeline Coatings and Linings.
Current edition approved Sept. 25, 1987. Published November 1987.
For other cathodic disbondment testing procedures, consult Test Methods
G 8, G 42, and G 80.
3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.
635
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The test method described subjects the coating on the
test specimen to electrical stress in a highly conductive
alkaline electrolyte. Electrical stress is obtained from an
impressed direct-current system. An intentional holiday is to
be made in the coating prior to starting of test.
3.1.1 Electrical instrumentation is provided for measuring
the current and the potential throughout the test cycle. At
the conclusion of the test period, the test specimen is
physically examined.
3.1.2 Physical examination is conducted by comparing
the extent of loosened or disbonded coating at the inten-
tional holiday in the immersed area with extent of loosened
or disbonded coating at a reference holiday made in the
coating in an area that was not immersed.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Damage to pipe coating is almost unavoidable during
transportation and construction. Breaks or holidays in pipe
coatings may expose the pipe to possible corrosion since,
after a pipe has been installed underground, the surrounding
earth will be moisture-bearing and will constitute an effective
electrolyte. Applied cathodic protection potentials may cause
loosening of the coating, beginning at holiday edges. Sponta-
neous holidays may also be caused by such potentials. This
test method provides accelerated conditions for cathodic
disbondment to occur and provides a measure of resistance
of coatings to this type of action.
4.2 The effects of the test are to be evaluated by physical
examinations and monitoring the current drawn by the test
specimen. Usually there is no correlation between the two
methods of evaluation, but both methods are significant.
Physical examination consists of assessing the effective con-
tact of the coating with the metal surface in terms of observed
differences in the relative adhesive bond. It is usually found
that the cathodically disbonded area propogates from an area
where adhesion is zero to an area where adhesion reaches the
original level. An intermediate zone of decreased adhesion
may also be present.
4.3 Assumptions associated with test results include:
4.3.1 Maximum adhesion, or bond, is found in the
coating that was not immersed in the test liquid, and
4.3.2 Decreased adhesion in the immersed test area is the
result of cathodic disbondment.
4.4 Ability to resist disbondment is a desired quality on a
comparative basis, but disbondment in this test method is
not necessarily an adverse indication of coating performance.
 -Lead Wire To Power Supply
Platinum Wire Anode To
Within 5mm Of Bottom
E Iect rolye Solution
Cleor
END VIEW
FIG. 1 Typical Test Set Up
The virtue of this test method is that all dielectric-type
coatings now in common use will disbond to some degree,
thus providing a means of comparing one coating to another.
4.5 The current density appearing in this test method is
much greater than that usually required for cathodic protec-
tion in natural environments.
5 . Apparatus
5.1 Test Vessel-A transparent plastic or glass tube that is
centered over the intentional holiday and sealed to the test-
sample surface with a waterproof sealing material., The cyl-
inder is to be 101.6 mm (4.0 in. nominal diameter) and of
sufficient height to contain 127.0 mm (5.0 in.) of electrolyte.
NOTE-size of vessel shall remain unchanged. Sealing procedure
must be altered to accommodate specimen having a diameter less than
101.60 mm (4 in.).
5.2 Filter Tube-Anode assembly shall be constructed
utilizing an immersion tube with fritted disk. Length of the
tube will be 180 mm (7 in.) and 8 mm (0.315 in.) in
RTV silicone rubber sealant available from Dow Corning Corp., Midland,
MI, 48686 has been found suitable for this purpose.
Electrolye Sdutlon
Glass Or
---
Coated Test Pipe (Can Be Flot
Coupon For Larger O.D. Pipe)
SIDE VIEW
diameter. The fritted-disk section shall be 30 mm (1.18 in.)
in diameter with a pore size of 10 to 15 ~ m . ~
5.3 Impressed-Current Anode-Anode shall be of the
platinum wire type, 0.5 1 mm (0.020 in.) - 24 gage diameter.
It shall be of sufficient length to extend outside the confines
of the test cell and shall be connected to the wire from the
power source with a bolted or compression fitting.
5.4 Anode Assembly-Anode shall be suspended inside
the test vessel so that the tip of the anode assembly closest to
the holiday is 25.4 mm (1 in.) above, and the edge of the
anode assembly is 12.7 mm (Y2 in.) offset from the holiday.
5.5 Reference Electrode-Saturated Cu-CuSO, of conven-
tional glass or plastic tube with porous plug construction,
preferably not over 19.05 mm (0.750 in.) in diameter, having
a potential of -0.316 V with respect to the standard
hydrogen electrode. A saturated calomel electrode may be
used, but measurements made with it shall be converted to
the Cu-CuSO, reference for reporting by adding -0.072 V to
the observed reading.
5.6 Reference Electrode Placement-Submerge the tip of
the reference electrode 25.4 mm (1 in.) into the electrolyte.
A tube assembly provided by VWR Scientific, P.O. Box 33348, Houston,
Texas 77033, has been found to be satisfactory.
636
 G95
Solder Or
Clamp
-,
I
rI I ohm,? I O/O
I-w Resistor
*I4 A W G Lead Wire
To Power Supply
Platinum Wire Anode To
Within 5mm Of Bottom
II t Electrolyte
Disc ,10-15
Size
FIG. 2 Anode Assembly
5.7 High-Zmpedence Multimeter-For making direct-
current and voltage measurements. Multimeter must have
an internal resistance of not less than 10 M Q and be capable
of measuring current as low as 1 mA, and voltage up to 10 V.
5.8 Direct-Current Power Supply-Capable of supplying
low-ripple voltage at 3.0, +O.O 1, V, as measured between the
test specimen and reference electrode.
5.9 Precision Wire-Wound Resistor-1 Q, +1 %, 1-W
(minimum) to be used in the test cell circuit as a shunt for
measuring current.
5.10 Thickness Gage-For measuring coating thickness in
accordance with Test Method G 12.
5.1 1 Holiday Detector-For locating holidays in the coat-
ing of the test specimen in accordance with Test Methods
G 62.
5.12 Connections-Wiring from current source to the
specimen shall be by either soldering, brazing, or bolting to
the non-immersed area of the specimen. A junction in the
connection wire is not desirable but, if necessary, may be
made by means of a bolted pair of terminal lugs, soldering or
mechanically crimping to clean wire ends.
5.13 Additional Connecting Wires-If additional wiring is
necessary, it shall be stranded, insulated copper and not less
than 1.75 mm (0.069 in. -14 gage) diameter.
5.14 Holiday Tools-A drill and a suitable drill bit that
will accomplish drilling of test hole, as described under 8.2.
A sharp-pointed knife, with a safe handle is required for use
in making physical examination.
6. Reagent and Materials
6.1 The electrolyte shall consist of distilled or deionized
water with the addition of 3 mass % of technical grade
sodium chloride. Use freshly prepared solution for each test.
637
7. Test Specimen
7.1 During the coating operation, the applicator may be
directed to cut a section of coated pipe of sufficient length for
laboratory evaluation of the coating. Precautions are to be
taken when cutting the pipe so that spatter will not harm the
coating where testing will be done. Wet rags shall be placed
on each side of the torch-cut area to minimize thermal
changes and spatter damage to the coating. Test sample shall
be taken at least 76.2 mm (3 in.) from any torch-cut edge.
Special precautions are to be taken so that coating is not
damaged in handling, transporting, or further cutting. The
test specimens may be a cut coupon, flat plate, or a ring
specimen. The test may also be performed on an actual
inservice pipeline, or any other appropriate coated surface.
8. Procedure
8.1 Verify the coating integrity in the area to be tested in
accordance with Test Methods G 62. Discard specimen
found to contain holidays. Measure and record the max-
imum and minimum coating thickness measured in the area
subjected to test in accordance with Test Method G 12.
8.2 One intentional holiday shall be made in each spec-
imen to be tested. The holiday shall be drilled so that the
angular cone point of the drill will fully enter the steel where
the cylindrical portion of the drill meets the steel surface.
The drill shall be 3.2 mm (0.125 in.) in diameter.
8.3 Electrical connection is then made to the test spec-
imen, (see 5.12).
8.4 Attach the test cylinder to the test specimen, (see 5.1).
Take care to ensure that the cylinder satisfactorily fits the
curvature of the pipe sample and that it is centered over the
intentional holiday.
8.5 Add the electrolyte solution to the specified level in
the test cylinder. Record the pH of the solution. Check the
level of the electrolyte each day and maintain by adding
distilled or deionized water.
8.6 Place the fritted glass filter tube into the electrolyte
solution as described in 5.4. Support the fritted glass filter
tube.
8.7 Insert the platinum anode into the fritted glass tube,
down to within 5 mm (2 in.) of the bottom.
8.8 Attach the positive lead of the current source to the
platinum anode and the negative lead to the cathode (pipe).
A potential of 3 V DC with respect to a copper-copper
sulphate reference electrode is to be impressed across the test
cell.
8.9 Conduct the test at a room temperature of 21 to 25°C
(70 to 77°F). Tests to be run for a period of 90 days.
8.10 At least twice each week, place a reference CuSO,
electrode in the electrolyte between the anode and the holiday.
Read the voltage and adjust the power supply output, if
required, so that a negative 3 V DC potential is maintained
between the reference electrode and the test sample.
9. Examination
9.1 At the end of the 90 day test period, disassemble the
cell and rinse the test area with warm tap water. Immediately
wipe the sample dry and visually examine the entire test area
for any evidence of unintentional holidays and loosening of
coating at the edge of all holidays, including the intentional
holiday, and record coating condition, for example, color,
blisters, cracking, crazing, adhering deposits, etc.
9.2 Drill a new reference holiday in the coating in an area
that was not immersed. Follow the same drilling procedure
as described in 8.2.
9.3 Make radial 45" cuts through the coating intersecting
at the center of both the intentional holiday and the reference
holiday with a sharp, thin-bladed knife.6 Take care to ensure
that coating is cut completely through to the steel substrate.
9.4 Attempt to lift the coating at both the reference
holiday and the intentional holiday with the point of a sharp,
thin-bladed knife. Use the bond at the reference holiday as a
reference for judging the quality of the bond at the inten-
tional holiday. Measure and record the total area of
disbonded coating at the intentional holiday.
10. Report
10.1 The repdrt of results shall include the following.
10.1.1 Complete identification of the test specimen, in-
cluding:
10.1.1.1 Name and code number of the coating,
10.1.1.2 Size and wall thickness of pipe,
10.1.1.3 Applicator, production date, and production run
number of coating,
10.1.1.4 Minimum-maximum coating thickness, average
thickness, and the thickness at the holiday,
10.1.1.5 Size of initial holidays,
10.1.1.6 Dates of starting and termination of test,
10.1.1.7 Cell diameter and depth of electrolyte,
10.1.1.8 Salt composition and concentration,
10.1.1.9 Cell voltage,
10.1.1.10 Length of test period, and
10.1.1.1 1 Other data that may be pertinent.
10.2 Report the test results by measuring the total area of
disbondment by planimeter, square counting, or other pre-
cise method. Subtract the initial holiday area and calculate
an equivalent circle diameter.7
11. Precision and Bias
11.1 Precision-For between-laboratory testing data is
within k25 % of the mean for represented samples. Samples
were taken from one length of production run coated 16 in.
pipe.
11.2 Bias-No statement of bias is made since samples
were all obtained from one length of pipe and all partici-
pating laboratories utilized equipment and procedures as
outlined in this test method.
12. Keywords
12.1 anode; attached cell; cathodic; disbondment; elec-
trical stress; electrolyte; salt bridge

Acceptable results have been obtained with a Stanley No. 99 utility knife Equivalent circle diameter is calculated by ECD = (A/0.785)v',where A = area
available from Stanley Works, Covington, GA, 30209. corrected for holiday area.

The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection
with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such
patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your
views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA 19103.

638
 RELATED MATERIAL

Any documents included in this section that are marked “proposed” are published for information only. They have
received the approval of the sponsoring technical committee for publication as “proposed” but have not been
officially accepted by the Society. Comments are solicited and should be addressed to ASTM, 1916 Race St.,
Philadelphia, Pa. 19103.

639
 Excerpts from Standard Practice for
Use of the International System of Units (SI) (the Modernized
Metric System)'
Following are excerptsfrom Standard Practicefor Use of the International System of Units (SI) the Modernized Metric System E 380,
which is available as a separate publication and which appears in its entirety in Volume 14.02. Deleted are Appendixes X I . X2.X3, and
X4. Added is ci table of selected conversion factors from Appendix X3.

CONTENTS
Section

....................................................................................... 1
....................................................... 2

.......................................................... 2.4

Application of the Metric System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... 3.1
Application of SI Prefixes
Other Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.............................. 3.4
.............................. 3.5
................................................................... 4
.............................................. 4.1

.................................. 4.3

............................................................................... 4.6
................................................... 5

Development of the International System of Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bibliography
Index

1. Scope
1.1 This standard gives guidance for application of The
International System of Units (the modernized metric
system) developed and maintained by the General Confer-
ence on Weights and Measures (abbreviated CGPM from the
official French name Conference Genkrale des Poids et
Mesures). The name International System of Units and the
international abbreviation SI2 were adopted by the 1 lth
CGPM in 1960.
1.2 Information is included on SI, a limited list of non-SI
units recognized for use with SI units, and a list of conver-
sion factors from non-SI to SI units, together with general
guidance on proper style and usage.
1.3 It is hoped that an understanding of the system and its
characteristics, and careful use according to this standard,
1 This standard is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-43 on Metric
Practice and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E43.10 on Standards.
Current edition approved Oct. 3, 1991. Published December 1991. Originally
published in 1964 without designation as ASTM Metric Practice Guide, revised
1966. Adopted as standard 1968. Last previous edition E 380 - 89.
* From the French name, Le Systhe International d'Unit6s.
will help to avoid the degradation that has occurred in all
older measurement systems.
2. SI Units and Symbols
2.1 Classes of Units-SI units are divided into three
classes:
base units
supplementary units
derived units
2.2 Base Units-SI is based on seven well-defined units
(see Table 1) which by convention are regarded as dimen-
sionally independent.
2.3 Supplementary Units-This class contains two units,
the radian and the steradian (see Table 2). At the time of the
introduction of the International System, the 1 1th CGPM
left open the question of the nature of these supplementary
units. Considering that plane angle is generally expressed as
the ratio between two lengths and solid angle as the ratio
between an area and the square of length, the CIPM (1980)
specified that in the International System the quantities
plane angle and solid angle should be considered as dimen-

64 1
 TABLE 1 Base SI Units TABLE 3 Derived SI Units with Special Names
Quantitv3 Unit Svmbol Quantitv3 Unit Svmbol Formula
length metre m frequency (of a periodic hertz Hz 1Is
mass kilogram kg phenomenon)
time second S force newton N .
kg m/s2
electric current ampere A pressure, stress pascal Pa N/m2
thermodynamic temperatureA kelvin K energy, work, quantity of joule J N.m
amount of substance mole mol heat
luminous intensitv candela cd power, radiant flux watt W JIS
quantity of electricity, coulomb C A.s
A For a discussion of Celsius temperature see 3.4.2.
electric charge
electric potential, potential volt V WIA
difference, electromotive
TABLE 2 Supplementary SI Units force
Quantitv3 Unit Svmbol electric capacitance farad F ClV
electric resistance ohm D VIA
plane angle radian rad electric conductance siemens S AIV
solid angle steradian sr magnetic flux weber Wb v.s
magnetic flux density tesla T Wb/m2
inductance henry H Wb/A
sionless derived quantities. Therefore, the supplementary Celsius temperature degree OC K[see 3.4.21
units radian and steradian are to be regarded as dimension- CelsiusA
less derived units which may be used or omitted in the
luminous flux lumen Im .
cd sr
illuminance lux Ix h/m2
expressions for derived units. activity (of a radionuclide) becquerel Bq 1Is
2.4 Derived Units: absorbed dose’ gray GY Jlkg
2.4.1 Derived units are formed by combining base units, dose equivalent sievert SV J/kg
A Inclusion in the table of derived SI units with special names approved by the
supplementary units, and other derived units according to ClPM in 1976.
the algebraic relations linking the corresponding quantities. ’ Related quantities using the same unit are: specific energy imparted, kerma,
The symbols for derived units are obtained by means of the and absorbed dose index.
mathematical signs for multiplication, division, and use of
exponents. For example, the SI unit for velocity is the metre stood and properly applied. Obsolete metric units and
per second (m/s or m-s-’), and that for angular velocity is practices are widespread, particularly in those countries that
the radian per second (rad/s or rad-s-’). long ago adopted the metric system, and much usage is
2.4.2 Those derived SI units which have special names improper. This section gives guidance concerning the limited
and symbols approved by the CGPM are listed in Table 3. number of cases in which units outside SI are appropriately
2.4.3 It is frequently advantageous to express derived used, and makes recommendations concerning usage and
units in terms of other derived units with special names; for style.
example, the SI unit for electric dipole moment is usually 3.2 Application of SI Prefixes:
expressed as C m instead of A s m. - 3.2.1 General-In general the SI .prefixes (2.5) should be
2.4.4 Some common derived units are listed in Table 4. used to indicate orders of magnitude, thus eliminating
2.5 SI Prefixes (see 3.2 for application): nonsignificant digits and leading zeros in decimal fractions,
2.5.1 The prefixes and symbols listed in Table 5 are used and providing a convenient alternative to the powers-of-ten
to form names and symbols of the decimal multiples and notation preferred in computation. For example:
submultiples of the SI units except for kilogram. ‘
2.5.2 Unit of Mass-Among the base and derived units of 12 300 mm becomes 12.3 m
SI, the unit of mass (kilogram) is the only one whose name, 12.3 X lo3 m becomes 12.3 km
for historical reasons, contains a prefix. Names of decimal 0.00123 pA becomes 1.23 nA
multiples and submultiples of the unit of mass are formed by 3.2.2 Selection-When expressing a quantity by a numer-
attaching prefixes to the word gram (8). ical value and a unit, a prefix should preferably be chosen so
2.5.3 These prefixes or their symbols are directly attached that the numerical value lies between 0.1 and 1000. To
to names or symbols of units, forming multiples and minimize variety, it is recommended that prefixes repre-
submultiples of the units. In strict terms these must be called senting 1000 raised to an integral power be used. However,
“multiples and submultiples of SI units,” particularly in three factors may justify deviation from the above:
discussing the coherence of the system (see Section 5). In 3.2.2.1 In expressing area and volume, the prefixes hecto-,
common parlance, the base units and derived units, along deka-, deci-, and centi- may be required, for example, square
with their multiples and submultiples, are all called SI units. hectometre, cubic centimetre.
3.2.2.2 In tables of values of the same quantity, or in a
3. Application of the Metric System discussion of such values within a given context, it is
generally preferable to use the same unit multiple through-
3.1 General-SI is the form of the metric system that is out.
preferred for all applications. It is important that this
3.2.2.3 For certain quantities in particular applications,
modernized form of the metric system be thoroughly under-
one particular multiple is customarily used. For example, the
millimetre is used for linear dimensions in mechanical
“Quantity” as used in the headings of the tables of this standard means engineering drawings even when the values lie far outside the
measurable attribute of phenomena or matter. range 0.1 to 1000 mm; the centimetre is often used for body

642
 4lb E 380
TABLE 4 Some Common Derived Units of SI
Quantitv3 Unit Svmbol
absorbed dose rate gray per second
acceleration metre per second squared
angular acceleration radian per second squared
angular velocity radian per second
area square metre
concentration (of amount of substance) mole per cubic metre
current density ampere per square metre
density, mass kilogram per cubic metre
electric charge density coulomb per cubic metre
electric field strength volt per metre
electric flux density coulomb per square metre
energy density joule per cubic metre
entropy joule per kelvin
exposure (X and gamma rays) coulomb per kilogram
heat capacity joule per kelvin

heat flux density

irradiance
luminance
1 watt per square metre

candela per square metre

W/m2

magnetic field strength ampere per metre

molar energy joule per mole
molar entropy joule per mole kelvin
molar heat capacity joule per mole kelvin
moment of forceA newton metre
permeability (magnetic) henry per metre
permittivity farad per metre
power density watt per square metre
radiance watt per square metre steradian
radiant intensity watt per steradian
specific heat capacity joule per kilogram kelvin
specific energy joule per kilogram
specific entropy joule per kilogram kelvin
specific volume cubic metre per kilogram
surface tension newton per metre
thermal conductivity watt per metre kelvin
velocity metre per second
viscosity, dynamic pascal second
viscosity, kinematic square metre per second
volume cubic metre
wave number 1 Der metre 1Im
A See 3.4.4.

measurements and clothing sizes. 1 cm3 = m)3 = 10-6 m3

3.2.3 Prefixes in Compound Units4-It is recommended
that only one prefix be used in forming a multiple of a
compound unit. Normally the prefix should be attached to a
unit in the numerator. One exception to this is when the
kilogram occurs in the denominator.
Examples:
V/m, not mV/mm, and MJ/kg, not kJ/g
3.2.4 Compound Prefixes-Compound prefixes, formed
by the juxtaposition of two or more SI prefixes are not to be
used. For example, use
1 nm, not 1 mpm
1 pF, not 1 pkF
If values are required outside the range covered by the
prefixes, they should be expressed by using powers of ten
applied to the base unit.
3.2.5 Powers of Units-An exponent attached to a symbol
containing a prefix indicates that the multiple or submultiple
of the unit (the unit with its prefix) is raised to the power
expressed by the exponent. For example:
A compound unit is a derived unit that is expressed in terms of two or more
units rather than by a single special name.
643
1 ns-' = (10-9 s)-I = 109 s-l
1 mm2/s = ( iop3 m)2/s = lop6 m2/s
3.2.6 Calculations-Errors in calculations can be mini-
mized if the base and the coherent derived SI units are used
and the resulting numerical values are expressed in powers-
of-ten notation instead of using prefixes.
3.3 Other Units:
3.3.1 Units from Different Systems-To assist in pre-
serving the advantage of SI as a coherent system, it is
advisable to minimize the use with it of units from other
systems. Such use should be limited to units listed in this
section.
3.3.2 Units in Use with SI (see Table 6):
3.3.2.1 Time-The SI unit of time is the second. This unit
is preferred and should be used if practical, particularly when
technical calculations are involved. In cases where time
relates to life customs or calendar cycles, the minute, hour,
day, and other calendar units may be necessary. For ex-
ample, vehicle speed will normally be expressed in
kilometres per hour.
3.3.2.2 Plane Angle-The SI unit for plane angle is the
radian. Use of the degree and its decimal submultiples is
permissible when the radian is not a convenient unit. Use of
 4# E380
TABLE 5 SI Prefixes 3.3.3 Units in Use with SI Temporarily (see Table 7):
Multiplication Factor Prefix Symbol 3.3.3.1 Energy-The SI unit of energy, the joule, together
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 10’8 exa E with its multiples, is preferred for all applications. The
1 ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo = 1015 peta P kilowatthour is widely used, however, as a measure of
1 000 000 000 000 = IO” :era T electric energy. This unit should not be introduced into any
1 ooo ooo ooo = 109 gigs G
1 000 000 = 106 mega M new areas, and eventually it should be replaced by the
I 000=103 kilo k megajoule.
100 = 102 hectoA h 3.3.3.2 Pressure and Stress-The SI unit of pressure and
10 = 10’ dekaA da
0.1 = 10-1 deciA d
stress is the pascal (newton per square metre) and with
0.01 = 10-2 centiA C proper SI prefixes is applicable to all such measurements.
0.001 = 10-3 milli m Old metric gravitational units for pressure and stress such as
0.000 001 = 10-6 micro CI kilogram-force per square centimetre (kgf/cm2) shall not be
0.000 ooo 001 = 10-9 nano n
0.000 000 000 001 = 10-12 pic0 P used. Widespread use has been made of other non-SI units
0.000 ooo ooo ooo 001 = 10-15 femto f such as bar and torr for pressure, but this use is strongly
0.000 000 000 000 000 001 = 10-18 atto a discouraged. The millibar is widely used in meteorology; this
A To be avoided where practical, except as noted in 3.2.2. usage will continue for the present in order to permit
meteorologists to communicate easily within their profes-
the minute and second is discouraged except for special fields sion. The kilopascal should be used in presenting meteoro-
such as cartography. logical data to the public.
3.3.2.3 Area-The SI unit of area is the square metre 3.3.4 Units and Names to Be Abandoned-A great many
(m2). The hectare (ha) is a special name for square metric units other than those of the SI have been defined
hectometre (hm2). Large land or water areas are generally over the years. Some of these are used only in special fields;
expressed in hectares or in square kilometres (km2). others have found broad application in countries that
3.3.2.4 Volume-The SI unit of volume is the cubic adopted the metric system early. Except for the special cases
metre. This unit, or one of the regularly formed multiples discussed in the previous sections, non-SI units (as well as
such as the cubic centimetre, is preferred. The special name special names for multiples or submultiples of SI units) are to
litre5 (L)6 has been approved for the cubic decimetre, but use be avoided. Various categories of deprecated units are
of this unit is restricted to volumetric capacity, dry measure, discussed in 3.3.4.1 to 3.3.4.4. The lists are not intended to
and measure of fluids (both gases and liquids). No prefix be complete, but only to indicate more or less prominent
other than milli- or micro- should be used with litre. examples of each category.
3.3.2.5 Mass-The SI unit of mass is the kilogram. This 3.3.4.1 Cgs Units-All units peculiar to the various cgs
unit, or one of the multiples formed by attaching an SI prefix systems (measurement systems constructed by using the
to gram (g), is preferred for all applications. The megagram centimetre, gram, and second as base units) are to be
(Mg) is the appropriate unit for measuring large masses such avoided. Among these units are the following, defined for
as have been expressed in tons. However, the name ton has mechanics, fluid mechanics, and photometry: the erg, dyne,
been given to several large mass units that are widely used in gal, poise, stokes, stilb, phot, and lambert. Further use of the
commerce and technology-the long ton of 2240 lb, the cgs units of electricity and magnetism is deprecated. This
statement applies to the units designated by the general
short ton of 2000 lb, and metric ton of 1000 kg (also called
the tonne). None of these terms are SI. The term metric ton abbreviations “esu” (for electrostatic cgs unit) and “emu”
should be restricted to commercial usage, and no prefixes (for electromagnetic cgs unit), including those units that have
been given special names-the gauss, oersted, maxwell,
should be used with it. Use of the term tonne is deprecated.
gilbert, biot, and franklin. It also applies to the unit names
formed with the prefixes ab- and stat-, for example, the
abampere, statvolt, etc.
’See Appendix X1.ll.l.
The CGPM in October 1979 approved L and 1 as alternative symbols for litre.
3.3.4.2 Decimal Multiples of SI Units-Those multiples
Since the letter symbol 1 can easily be confused with the numeral I , only the of SI units that cannot be handled by using the SI prefixes are
symbol L is recommended for USA use. deprecated. Many such examples are covered in subsection
3.3.4.1. An additional example is the angstrom (0.1 nm).
TABLE 6 Units in Use with SI 3.3.4.3 Unit Names to Be Avoided-Special names for
Quantity3 Unit Symbol Definition
time minute min 1 min = 60 s
hour h I h = 60 min = 3600 s
day d I d = 24 h = 86 400 s TABLE 7 Units in Use with SI TemDorarilv
week, month, etc. ...
plane angle degree (r/l80)rad Quantity3 Unit Symbol Definition
minuteA (1/60)O energy [see 3.3.3.11 kilowatthour kWh 1 kWh = 3.6MJ
( r / l O 800)rad cross section barn b 1b = m2 = 100 fm2
secondA (1/60)‘ pressure [see 3.3.3.21 bar bar 1 bar = 105Pa
(r/648000) rad activity (of a radio- curie Ci 1 Ci = 3.7 x 1O1O Bq
volume litres 1 dm3 = m3 nuclide)
mass metric ton lo3 kg exposure (X and roentgen R 1 R = 2.58 X C/kg
area hectare 1 hm2 = lo4 m2 gamma rays)
absorbed dose rad rd 1 rd = 0.01 Gv
A Use discouraged except for special fields such as cartography
See 3.3.2.4. .-dose equivalent rem rem 1 rem = 0.01 S; = IO msv

644
multiples and submultiples of SI units are to be avoided
except for the litre (3.3.2.4), metric ton (3.3.2.5), and hectare
(3.3.2.3). For example, do not use:
fermi.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. l fermi
. . . 1 micron
. . . 1 millimicron
are . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. I are
g a m m a . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1 gamma
(magnetic flux density) .
X (volume) . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 X
candle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. l candle
candlepower.. . . . . . . . . . 1 candlepower
3.3.4.4 Miscellaneous Units-Other
deprecated include the following:
calorie
grade [ 1 grade = ( ~ / 2 0 0 rad]
) 3.4.1.2 Considerable confusion exists in the use of the
kilogram-force
langley (= 1 cd/cm2)
metric carat
metric horsepower
millimetre of mercury
millimetre, centimetre, metre of water
I
standard atmosphere
( 1 atm = 101.325 kPa)
technical atmosphere
(1 at = 98.0665 kPa)
= 1 fm = m torr
= 1 pm = m
= 1 nm = m 3.4 Other Recommendations Concerning Units:
= 1 dam2 = 100 m2 3.4.1 Mass, Force, and Weight:
= 1 nT 3.4.1.1 The principal departure of SI from the gravimetric
system of metric engineering units is the use of explicitly
= 1 Pg distinct units for mass and force. In SI, the name kilogram is
= 1 pL = 1 mm3 restricted to the unit of mass, and the kilogram-force (from
=ls which the suffix force was in practice often erroneously
=lcd
= 1 cd
dropped) should not be used. In its place the SI unit of force,
the newton, is used (see Fig. 1). Likewise, the newton rather
non-SI units that are than the kilogram-force is used to form derived units which
include force, for example, pressure or stress (N/m2 = Pa),
energy (N-m = J), and power (N.m/s = W).
term weight as a quantity to mean either force or mass. In
commercial and everyday use, the term weight nearly always
means mass; thus, when one speaks of a person’s weight, the
quantity referred to is mass. This nontechnical use of the
term weight in everyday life will probably persist. In science
and technology, the term weight of a body has usually meant

i====T
A

“iz
ForcaFree Fidd
Moon

FIG. 1 Illustration of Difference Between Mass (Unit = kilogram = kg) and Force (Unit = newton = N) (see 3.4.1)

645
the force that, if applied to the body, would give it an
acceleration equal to the local acceleration of free fall. The
adjective “local” in the phrase “local acceleration of free fall”
has usually meant a location on the surface of the earth; in
this context the “local acceleration of free fall” has the
symbol g (commonly referred to as “acceleration of gravity”)
with observed values of g differing by over 0.5 % at various
points on the earth’s surface. The use of force of gravity (mass
times acceleration of gravity) instead of weight with this
meaning is recommended. Because of the dual use of the
term weight as a quantity, this term should be avoided in
technical practice except under circumstances in which its
meaning is completely clear. When the term is used, it is
important to know whether mass or force is intended and to
use SI units properly as described in 3.4.1.1, by using
kilograms for mass or newtons for force.
3.4.1.3 Gravity is involved in determining mass with a
balance or scale. When a standard mass is used to balance
the measured mass, the effects of gravity on the two masses
are equalized, but the effects of the buoyancy of air or other
fluid on the two masses are generally not equalized. When a
spring scale is used, the scale reading is directly related to the
force of gravity. Spring scales graduated in mass units may be
properly used if both the variation in acceleration of gravity
and the buoyancy corrections are not significant in their use.
3.4.1.4 The use of the same name for units of force and
mass causes confusion. When the non-SI units are used, a
distinction should be made between force and mass, for
example, lbf to denote force in gravimetric engineering units
and lb for mass.
3.4.1.5 The term load means either mass or force, de-
pending on its use. A load that produces a vertically
downward force because of the influence of gravity acting on
a mass may be expressed in mass units. Any other load is
expressed in force units.
3.4.2 Temperature-The SI unit of thermodynamic tem-
perature is the kelvin (K), and this unit is properly used for
expressing thermodynamic temperature and temperature
intervals. Wide use is also made of the degree Celsius (“C),
which is the SI unit used for expressing Celsius temperature
and temperature intervals. The Celsius scale (formerly called
centigrade) is related directly to thermodynamic temperature
(kelvins) as follows:
The temperature interval one degree Celsius equals one kelvin
exactly. Celsius temperature ( t ) is related to thermodynamic tem-
perature (7) by the equation:
t=T-To
where To = 273.15 K by definition.
The International Practical Temperature Scale (IPTS) must
be recognized in temperature work of extreme precision. See
ASTM STP 565, Evolution of the International Practical
Temperature Scale of 1968.
3.4.3 Linear Dimensions:
3.4.3.1 Nominal dimensions name the item; no SI equiv-
alent is required (see Section 5 for definition of “nominal
value”). For example, there is nothing “1 in” about a
nominal “1-in pipe,” the dimensions of which should be
converted as follows:
646
Nominal Outside Wall Thickness, inches (mm)
Size, Diameter, Sch Sch Sch
inches inches (mm) 40 80 160
1 1.315 0.133 0.179 0.250
(33.40) (3.38) (4.55) (6.35)
Likewise, a “2 by 4” is that in name only and refers to the
approximate dimensions in inches of a rough-sawn piece of
green lumber, the finished dimensions of which are consid-
erably less. A l/4-20 UNC screw thread should continue to be
identified in this manner. However, the controlling dimen-
sions of the part, such as the pitch, major, and minor
diameters of a screw thread, should be converted to SI values
in accordance with 4.1 and 4.2.
3.4.3.2 Surface texture should be expressed in microm-
etres.
3.4.4 Quantities and Units used in Rotational Mechanics:
3.4.4.1 Angle, Angular Velocity, and Angular Acceleration.
Their SI units are rad, rad/s, and rad/s2 respectively. In
accordance with Sec. 2.3, since the radian is here taken to be
dimensionless, the units 1, l/s, and l/s2 are also used when
appropriate.
3.4.4.2 Moment of Force (Torque or Bending Moment) is
force times moment arm (lever arm). Its SI unit is N-m.
3.4.4.3 Moment of Inertia ( I ) is a property of the mass
distribution of a body about an axis ( I = Zmr2).Its SI unit is
kg-m2.
3.4.4.4 Angular Momentum (moment of momentum) is
linear momentum (kg.m/s) times moment arm (m). Its SI
unit is kg-m2/s. For a rotating body the total angular
momentum is equal to the moment of inertia I (kg.m2)
times the angular velocity w (rad/s or l/s).
3.4.4.5 Rotational Kinetic Energy of a rotating body is
equal to ‘/2Zw2. Its SI unit is J.
3.4.4.6 Rotational Work is equal to torque (N-m) times
angle of rotation (rad). Its SI unit is J.
3.4.4.7 Torsional Stiffness (torsion constant) of a body is
applied torque (N-m) divided by angle of twist (rad). Its SI
unit is N. m/rad.
3.4.4.8 Centripetal Acceleration, u2/r or w2r, where u is the
tangential linear velocity (m/s), r the radius (m), and w the
angular velocity (rad/s) is, like any other linear acceleration,
measured in SI units m/s2.
NOTE-centripetal Force, equal to mass times centripetal accelera-
tion, is, like any force in SI, measured in newtons.
3.4.5 Impact Energy Absorption-This quantity, often
incorrectly called impact resistance or impact strength, is
measured in term? of the work required to break a standard
specimen; the proper unit is joule.
3.4.6 Pressure and Vacuum-Gage pressure is absolute
pressure minus ambient pressure (usually atmospheric pres-
sure). Both gage pressure and absolute pressure are properly
expressed in pascals, using SI prefixes as appropriate. Abso-
lute pressure is never negative. Gage pressure is positive if
above ambient pressure and negative if below. Pressure
below ambient is often called vacuum; whenever the term
vacuum is applied to a numerical measure it should be made
clear whether negative gage pressure or absolute pressure is
meant. See 3.5.5 for methods of designating gage pressure
and absolute pressure.
3-47 Dimensionless Quantities:
 3.4.7.1 The values of so-called dimensionless quantities, 3.5.1.8 Symbols, not abbreviations, should be used for
as for example refractive index and relative permeability, are units. For example, use “A” and not “amp” for ampere.
expressed by pure numbers. In these cases the corresponding 3.5.2 Rules for Writing Names:
SI unit is the ratio of the same two SI units and may be 3.5.2.1 Spelled-out unit names are treated as common
expressed by the number 1. nouns in English. Thus, the first letter of a unit name is not
3.4.7.2 Terms such as percent, parts per thousand, and capitalized except at the beginning of a sentence or in
parts per million may also be used. capitalized material such as a title.
3.4.7.3 In all cases, the meaning must be unequivocal. 3.5.2.2 Plurals are used when required by the rules of
Expressions like “The mole fraction of C 0 2 in the sample English grammar and are normally formed regularly, for
was 1.2 parts per million” or “The mass fraction of CO, in example, henries for the plural of henry. The following
the sample was 1.2 parts per million” are permissible, but irregular plurals are recommended:
would not be permissible if the word “mole” in the first
expression or “mass” in the second expression were not Singular Plural
present. lux lux
3.5 Style and Usage-Care must be taken to use unit hertz hertz
symbols properly, and international agreement provides siemens siemens
uniform rules. Handling of unit names varies because of 3.5.2.3 No space or hyphen is used between the prefix and
language differences, but use of the rules included here will unit name. There are three cases where the final vowel in the
improve communications in the United States. prefix is commonly omitted: megohm, kilohm, and hectare.
3.5.1 Rules for Writing Unit Symbols: In all other cases where the unit name begins with a vowel
3.5.1.1 Unit symbols should be printed in upright type both vowels are retained and both are pronounced.
regardless of the type style used in the surrounding text. 3.5.3 Units Formed by Multiplication and Division:
3.5.1.2 Unit symbols are unaltered in the plural. 3.5.3.1 With unit names:
3.5.1.3 Unit symbols are not followed by a period except Product, use a space (preferred) or hyphen:
when used at the end of a sentence. newton metre or newton-metre
3.5.1.4 Letter unit symbols are written in lower-case (for
In the case of the watt hour the space may be omitted,
example, cd) unless the unit name has been derived from a
thus:
proper name, in which case the first letter of the symbol is
capitalized (for example, W, Pa). The exception is the watthour
symbol for litre, L. Prefix symbols use either lower-case or Quotient, use the word per and not a solidus:
upper-case letters as shown in 2.5.1. Symbols retain their
metre per second, not metre/second
prescribed form regardless of the surrounding typography.
For symbols for use in systems with limited character sets, Powers, use the modifier squared or cubed placed after the
refer to ANSI X3.50 or ANSI/IEEE 260, as applicable. The unit name:
symbols in ANSI X3.50 are intended for applications in the metre per second squared
field of information processing, where unambiguous trans- In the case of area or volume, the modifier may be placed
mission of information between computers is required. The before the unit name:
symbols in ANSI/IEEE 260 are generally consistent with
those in ANSI X3.50 and are intended for communication square millimetre, cubic metre
between human beings. The symbols for limited character This alternative is also allowed for derived units that include
sets must never be used when the available character set area or volume:
permits the use of the proper general-use symbols as given in watt per square metre
this standard.
3.5.1.5 When a quantity is expressed as a numerical value NOTE-TO avoid ambiguity in complicated expressions, symbols are
preferred over words.
and a unit symbol, a space should be left between them. For
example, use 35 mm, not 35mm, and 2.37 lm (for 2.37 3.5.3.2 With unit symbols:
lumens), not 2.371m. Product, use a raised dot:
Exception: No space is left between the numerical value N - m for newton metre
and the symbols for degree, minute, and second of plane In the case of We h, the dot may be omitted, thus:
angle, and degree Celsius. For example, use 45“, 20°C.
3.5.1.6 When a quantity expressed as a number and a unit Wh
is used in an adjectival sense, it is preferable to use a hyphen An exception to this practice is made for computer print-
instead of a space between the number and the unit name or outs, automatic typewriter work, etc., where the raised dot is
between the number and the symbol. Examples: A three- not possible, and a dot on the line may be used.
metre pole.. . The length is 3 m. . . A 35-mm film. . . The Quotient, use one of the following forms:
width is 35 mm. However, per 3.5.1.5 Exception, a 90” m
angle. . . an angle of 90”. m/s or mas-’ or s
3.5.1.7 No space is used between the prefix and unit
symbols. In no case should more than one solidus be used in the same

647
expression unless parentheses are inserted to avoid ambi-
guity. For example, write:
- ’
J/(mol*K) or J mol-’ K- or (J/mol)/K,
but not
J/mol/K
3.5.3.3 Symbols and unit names should not be mixed in
the same expression. Write:
joules per kilogram or J/kg or Jekg-’
but not
joules/kilogram nor joules/kg nor joules. kg-I
3.5.4 Numbers:
3.5.4.1 The recommended decimal marker is a dot on the
line. When writing numbers less than one, a zero should be
written before the decimal marker.
3.5.4.2 Outside the United States, the comma is often
used as a decimal marker. In some applications, therefore,
the common practice in the United States of using the
comma to separate digits into groups of three (as in 23,478)
may cause ambiguity. To avoid this potential source of
confusion, recommended international practice calls for
separating the digits into groups of three, counting from the
decimal point toward the left and the right, and using a small
space to separate the groups. In numbers of four digits on
either side of the decimal point the space is usually not
necessary, except for uniformity in tables.
Examples:
2.141 596 73 722 7372 0.1335
Where this practice is followed, the space should be narrow
(approximately the width of the letter “i”), and the width of
the space should be constant even if, as is often the case in
printing, variable-width spacing is used between words.
Exceptions: In certain specialized applications, such as
engineering drawings and financial statements, the practice
of using a space for a separator is not customary.
3.5.4.3 Because billion means a thousand million (prefix
giga) in the United States but a million million (prefix tera)
in most other countries, this term and others, such as trillion,
should be avoided in technical writing.
3.5.4.4 Use of M to indicate thousands, as in MCF for
thousands of cubic feet, or in MCM for thousands of circular
mils, of MM to indicate millions, of C to indicate hundreds,
etc., is deprecated because of obvious conflicts with the SI
prefixes.
3.5.5 Attachment-Attachment of letters to a unit symbol
as a means of giving information about the nature of the
quantity under consideration is incorrect. Thus MWe for
“megawatts electrical (power),” Vac for “volts ac,” and kJt
for “kilojoules thermal (energy)” are not acceptable. For this
reason, no attempt should be made to construct SI equiva-
lents of the abbreviations “psia” and “psig,” so often used to
distinguish between absolute and gage pressure. If the
context leaves any doubt as to which is meant, the word
pressure must be qualified appropriately. For example:
“. .. at a gage pressure of 13 kPa”
or
“. . . at an absolute pressure of 13 kPa”
648
Where space is limited, such as on gages, nameplates, graph
labels, and in table headings, it is permissible to use the unit
symbol followed by a space and the modifier in parentheses.
For example: V (ac) and V (dc); kPa (gage) and kPa
(absolute).
3.5.6 Pronunciation-Some recommended pronuncia-
tions in English are shown in Table 8.
4. Rules for Conversion and Rounding
4.1 General:
4.1.1 Conversion factors to change a value of a quantity
expressed in non-SI units to the corresponding value of that
quantity expressed in the International System of Units may
be exact or approximations adequate for the particular task.
The rules in this section are based on using either exact or
apbroximate factors such as those of seven-digit factors listed
in Appendix X3. In some cases the quantity is such that
factors with fewer digits are appropriate.
4.1.2 Conversion of quantities should be handled with
careful regard to the implied correspondence between the
accuracy of the data and the given number of digits. In all
conversions, the number of significant digits retained should
be such that accuracy is neither sacrificed nor exaggerated.
(For guidance concerning significant digits see 4.3.) For
example, a length of 125 ft converts exactly to 38.1 m. If,
however, the 125-ft length had been obtained by rounding to
the nearest 5 ft, the conversion should be given as 38 m; and
if it had been obtained by rounding to the nearest 25 ft, the
conversion should be given as 40 m.
4.1.3 Proper conversion procedure is to multiply a value
by a conversion factor that is more accurate than is required;
the result is then rounded to the appropriate number of sig-
nificant digits. For example, to convert 3 feet 29/16 inches to
metres: (3 x 0.3048) + (2.5625 x 0.0254) = 0.979 487 5 m,
which rounds to 0.979 m. Do not round either the conver-
sion factor or the quantity before performing the multiplica-
tion, as accuracy may be reduced. After the conversion, the
TABLE 8 RecommendedPronunciation
Prefix Pronunciation (USAP
exa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ex’ a (a as in about)
. . . .pet’ a (e as in pet, a as in about)
. , , . , , , . , ,as in terra firma
. . . . . . . . . .jig’ a ( i as in jig, a as in about)
. . . . . . . . . ,as in megaphone
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .kill’ oh
hecto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .heck’ toe
deka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
deci . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .as in decimal
centi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .as in centipede
milli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .as in military
micro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
nano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pic0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
femto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .fem‘ toe ( fem as in feminine)
atto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .as in anatomy
Selected Units Pronunciation
candela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .can dell‘ a
joule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .rhyme with tool
kilometre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .kill ‘ oh metre
pascal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .rhyme with rascal
.................... .same as seamen’s
A The first syllable of every prefix is accented to assure that the prefix will retain
its identity. Therefore, the preferred pronunciation of kilometre places the accent
on the first syllable, not the second.
SI value may be expressed by a multiple or submultiple unit of
SI by the use of an appropriate prefix, for example, 979 mm.
4.2 Accuracy and Rounding-A conversion obtained by
multiplying a value by a seven-digit factor usually gives a
product with more digits than the original value. The
converted value must be rounded to the proper number of
significant digits commensurate with the intended accuracy.
Conversions usually yield a product with more digits than
the original value. The practical aspect of measuring must be
considered when using SI equivalents. If a scale having
division of ‘/16 inch was suitable for making the original
measurements, a metric scale having divisions of 1 mm is
obviously suitable for measuring in SI units. Similarly, a gage
or caliper graduated in divisions of 0.02 mm is comparable
to one graduated in divisions of 0.001 in. Analogous
situations exist in mass, force, and other measurements.
Many techniques are used to guide the determination of the
proper number of significant digits in the converted values.
Two different approaches to rounding of quantities are here
described-one for general use and the other for conversion
of dimensions involving mechanical interchangeability.
4.2.1 General Conversion-This approach depends on
first establishing the intended precision or accuracy of the
quantity as a necessary guide to the number of digits to
retain. This precision should relate to the number of digits in
the original, but in many cases this is not a reliable indicator.
A figure 1.1875 may be a very accurate decimalization of a
noncritical 13/16 that should have been expressed 1.19. On
the other hand, the value 2 may mean “about 2,” or it may
mean a very accurate value of 2 which should have been
written 2.0000. It is therefore necessary to determine the
intended precision of a quantity before converting. This
estimate of intended precision should never be smaller than
the accuracy of measurement and should usually be smaller
than one tenth the tolerance if one exists. After estimating
the precision of the dimension, the converted dimension
should be rounded to a minimum number of significant
digits (see 4.3) such that a unit of the last place is equal to or
smaller than the converted precision. Examples:
1. A stirring rod 6 in long. In this case, precision is
estimated to be about 1/2 in (+ ‘/4 in). Converted, this is 12.7
mm. The converted dimension 152.4 mm should be
rounded to the nearest 10 mm, or 150 mm.
2. 50 000 lbf/in2 (psi) tensile strength. In this case,
precision is estimated to be about f 200 lbf/in2 (k 1.4 MPa)
based on an accuracy of f 0.25 % for the tensile tester and
other factors. Therefore, the converted dimension, 344.7379
MPa, should be rounded to the nearest whole unit, 345 MPa.
3. Test pressure 200 f 15 1bf/in2 (psi). Since one tenth of
the tolerance is 3 lbf/in2 (20.68 kPa), the converted dimen-
sion should be rounded to the nearest 10 kPa. Thus,
1378.9514 f 103.421 35 kPa becomes 1380 k 100 kPa.
4.2.2 Special Cases:
4.2.2.1 Converted values should be rounded to the min-
imum number of significant digits that will maintain the
required accuracy, as discussed in 4.1.2. In certain cases
deviation from this practice to make use of convenient or
whole numbers may be feasible, in which case the word
“approximate” must be used following the conversion. For
example:
649
17/8 in = 47.625 mm exact
47.6 mm normal rounding
47.5 mm (approx) rounded to preferred number
48 mm (approx) rounded to whole number
4.2.2.2 A quantity stated as a limit, such as “not more
than” or “maximum,” must be handled so that the stated
limit is not violated. For example, a specimen “at least 4 in
wide” requires a width of at least 101.6 mm, or at least 102
mm.
4.3 Significant Digits:
4.3.1 When converting integral values of units, consider-
ation must be given to the implied or required precision of
the integral value to be converted. For example, the value “4
in” may be intended to represent 4, 4.0, 4.00, 4.000, or
4.0000 in, or even greater accuracy. Obviously, the converted
value must be carried to a sufficient number of digits to
maintain the accuracy implied or required in the original
quantity.
4.3.2 Any digit that is necessary to define the specific
value or quantity is said to be significant. When measured to
the nearest 1 m, a distance may be recorded as 157 m; this
number has three significant digits. If the measurement had
been made to the nearest 0.1 m, the distance may have been
157.4 m; this number has four significant digits.
4.3.3 Zeros may be used either to indicate a specific value,
like any other digit, or to indicate the order of magnitude of
a number. The 1970 United States population figure
rounded to thousands was 203 185 000. The six left-hand
digits of this number are significant; each measures a value.
The three right-hand digits are zeros which merely indicate
the order of magnitude of the number rounded to the nearest
thousand. The identification of significant digits is only
possible through knowledge of the circumstances. For ex-
ample, the number 1000 may be rounded from 965, in
which case only one zero is significant, or it may be rounded
from 999.7, in which case all three zeros are significant.
4.3.4 Occasionally data required for an investigation must
be drawn from a variety of sources where they have been
recorded with varying degrees of refinement. Specific rules
must be observed when such data are to be added, sub-
tracted, multiplied, or divided.
4.3.4.1 The rule for addition and subtraction is that the
answer shall contain no significant digits farther to the right
than occurs in the least precise number. Consider the
addition of three numbers drawn from three sources, the first
of which reported data in millions, the second in thousands,
and the third in units:
163 000 000
217 885 000
96 432 768
477 317 768
The total indicates a precision that is not valid. The
numbers should first be rounded to one significant digit
farther to the right than that of the least precise number, and
the sum taken as follows:
163 000 000
217 900 000
96 400 000
477 300 000
The total is then rounded to 477 000 000 as called for by
the rule. Note that if the second of the figures to be added
had been 2 17 985 000, the rounding before addition would
have produced 218 000 000, in which case the 0 following
218 would have been a significant digit.
4.3.4.2 The rule for multiplication and division is that the
product or quotient shall contain no more significant digits
than are contained in the number with the fewest significant
digits used in the multiplication or division. The difference
between this rule and the rule for addition and subtraction
should be noted the latter rule merely requires rounding of
digits that lie to the right of the last significant digit in the
least precise number. The following illustration highlights
this difference:
Multiplication:
113.2 X 1.43 = 161.876, rounded to 162
Division:
113.2 + 1.43 = 79.16, rounded to 79.2
Addition:
113.2 + 1.43 = 114.63, rounded to 114.6
Subtraction:
1 13.2 - 1.43 = 1 11.77, rounded to 1 11.8
The above product and quotient are limited to three signifi-
cant digits since 1.43 contains only three significant digits. In
contrast, the rounded answers in the addition and subtrac-
tion examples contain four significant digits.
4.3.4.3 Numbers used in the above illustrations have all
been estimates or measurements. Numbers that are exact
counts are treated as though they consist of an infinite
number of significant digits. More simply stated, when a
count is used in computation with a measurement the
number of significant digits in the answer is the same as the
number of significant digits in the measurement. If a count
of 40 is multiplied by a measurement of 10.2, the product is
408. However, if 40 were an estimate accurate only to the
nearest 10, and hence contained but one significant digit, the
product would be 400.
4.4 Rounding Values’:
4.4.1 When a figure is to be rounded to fewer digits than
the total number available, the procedure should be as
follows:
4.4.1.1 When the first digit discarded is less than 5, the
last digit retained should not be changed. For example, 3.463
25, if rounded to four digits, would be 3.463; if rounded to
three digits, 3.46.
4.4.1.2 When the first digit discarded is greater than 5, or
if it is a 5 followed by at least one digit other than 0, the last
digit retained should be increased by one unit. For example
8.376 52, if rounded to four digits, would be 8.377; if
rounded to three digits 8.38.
4.4.1.3 When the first digit discarded is exactly 5, followed
only by zeros, the last digit retained should be rounded
upward if it is an odd number, but no adjustment made if it
’Adapted from I S 0 R370 (7).
650
is an even number. For example, 4.365, when rounded to
three digits, becomes 4.36. The number 4.355 would also
round to the same value, 4.36, if rounded to three digits.
4.5 Conversion of Linear Dimensions of Interchangeable
Parts-The use of the exact relation 1 in = 25.4 mm
generally produces converted values containing more dec-
imal places than are required for the desired accuracy. It is
therefore necessary to round these values suitably and at the
same time maintain the degree of accuracy in the converted
values compatible with that of the original values.
4.5.1 General-The number of decimal places given in
Table 9 for rounding converted toleranced dimensions
relates the degree of accuracy to the size of the tolerances
specified. Two methods of using Table 9 are given: Method
A, which rounds to values nearest to each limit, and Method
B, which rounds to values always inside the limits.
In Method A, rounding is effected to the nearest rounded
value of the limit, so that, on the average, the converted
tolerances remain statistically identical with the original
tolerances. The limits converted by this method, where
acceptable for interchangeability, serve as a basis for inspec-
tion.
In Method B, rounding is done systematically toward the
interior of the tolerance zone so that the converted tolerances
are never larger than the original tolerances. This method
must be employed when the original limits have to be
respected absolutely, in particular, when components made
to converted limits are to be inspected by means of original
gages.
Method A-The use of this method ensures that even in
the most unfavorable cases neither of the two original limits
will be changed by more than 5 % of the value of the
tolerance. Proceed as follows:
( a ) Calculate the maximum and minimum limits in
inches.
(b) Convert the corresponding two values exactly into
millimetres by means of the conversion factor 1 in = 25.4
mm.
(c) Round the results obtained to the nearest rounded
value as indicated in Table 9, depending on the original
tolerance in inches, that is, on the difference between the two
limits in inches.
Method B-This method must be employed when the
original limits may not be violated, for instance, certain
critical mating parts. In extreme cases, this method may
increase the lower limit a maximum of 10 % of the tolerance
and decrease the upper limit a maximum of 10 % of the
tolerance.
(a) Proceed as in Method A step (a).
(b) Proceed as in Method A step (b).
(c) Round each limit toward the interior of the tolerance,
that is, to the next lower value for the upper limit and to the
next higher value for the lower limit8
Examples:
If the digits to be rounded are zeros, the retained digits remain unchanged.
A dimension is expressed in inches as. . . . . . . . . 1.950 C 0.016 Condition-The ability to assemble mating parts depends on
The limits are . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.934 and 1.966 a "go" condition at the maximum material limits of the
Conversion of the two limits into millimetres
49.1236 and 49.9364 parts. The minimum material limits, which are determined
Method A-The tolerance equals 0.032 in and by the respective tolerances, are often not as critical from a
thus lies between 0.004 and 0.04 in (see Table functional standpoint. Accordingly, it may be desirable to
9). Rounding these values to the nearest 0.01
mm, the values in millimetres to be employed employ a combination of Methods A and B in certain
for these two limits are . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.12 and 49.94 conversions by using Method B for the maximum material
Method B-Rounding toward the interior of the limits and Method A for the minimum material limits.
tolerance, millimetre values for these two 49.13 and 49.93
limits are. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alternatively, it may be desirable to round automatically the
This reduces the tolerance to 0.80 instead of 0.82 mm given by Method A. converted minimum material limits outside the original
limits to provide greater tolerances for manufacturing.
4.5.2 Special Methodfor Dimensions with Plus and Minus 4.5.7 While the technique described in 4.5 provides good
Deviations-In order to avoid accumulation of rounding
accuracy of conversion, it will often result in dimensions that
errors, the two limits of size normally are converted sepa-
are impractical for actual production use. For conversions
rately: thus, they must first be calculated if the dimension
intended for production, it is usually necessary to round to
consists of a basic size and two deviations. However (except fewer decimal places and apply design judgment to each
when Method B is specified) as an alternative, the basic size dimension to assure interchangeability.
may be converted to the nearest rounded value and each of 4.6 Other Units:
the deviations converted toward the interior of the tolerance. 4.6.1 Temperature-General guidance for converting tol-
This method, which sometimes makes conversion easier, erances from degrees Fahrenheit to kelvins or degrees Celsius
gives the same maximum guarantee of accuracy as Method is given below:
A, but usually results in smaller converted tolerances.
4.5.3 Special Methods for Limitation Imposed by Accu- Conversion of Temperature
Tolerance Requirements
racy of Measurements-If the increment of rounding for the Tolerance, Tolerance,
tolerances given in Table 9 is too small for the available "F K or 'C
accuracy of measurement, limits that are acceptable for 2 (51) 1 (C0.5)
interchangeability must be determined separately for the 4 (*a 2 (+I)
dimensions. For example, where accuracy of measurement is 10 (C5) 6 (C3)
limited to 0.001 mm, study shows that values converted 20 (*IO) 1 1 (k5.5)
30 ( ~ 1 5 ) 17 (C8.5)
from 1.0000 f 0.0005 in can be rounded to 25.413 and 40 (C20) 22 ( + I 1)
25.387 mm instead of 25.4127 and 25.3873 mm with little 50 (i25) 28 (k14)
disadvantage, since neither of the two original limits is Normally, temperatures expressed in a whole number of
exceeded by more than 1.2 % of the tolerance. degrees Fahrenheit should be converted to the nearest 0.5
4.5.4 Positional Tolerance-If the dimensioning consists kelvin (or degree Celsius). As with other quantities, the
solely of a positional tolerance around a point defined by a number of significant digits to retain will depend upon
nontoleranced basic dimension, the basic dimension must be implied accuracy of the original dimension, for example:
converted to the nearest rounded value and the positional
variation (radius) separately converted by rounding down- 100 f 5°F; implied accuracy estimated to be 2°F.
31.1111 f 2.1111"C rounds to 38 f 3°C.
ward. 1000 50°F; implied accuracy estimated to be 20°F.
4.5.5 Toleranced Dimension Applied to a Nontoleranced 531.1111 f 21.1111"C rounds to 540 f 30°C.
Position Dimension-If the toleranced dimension is located
4.6.2 Pressure or Stress-As with other quantities, pres-
in a plane, the position of which is given by nontoleranced
sure or stress values may be converted by the principle given
basic or gage dimension, such as when dimensioning certain
above. Values with an uncertainty of more than 2 % may be
conical surfaces, proceed as follows:
converted without rounding by approximate factors:
(a) Round the converted reference gage arbitrarily, to the
nearest convenient value. 1 Ibf/in2 (1 psi) = 7 kN/m2 = I kPa
(b) Calculate exactly, in the converted unit of measure-
ment, new maximum and minimum limits of the specified
tolerance zone, in the new plane defined by the new basic 5. Terminology
dimension. 5.1 To help ensure consistently reliable conversion and
(c) Round these limits in conformity with the rules in 4.4. rounding practices, a clear understanding of the related
For example, a cone of taper 0.05 in/in has a diameter of nontechnical terms is a prerequisite.
1.000 k 0.002 inch in a reference plane located by the
nontoleranced dimension 0.9300 in. By virtue of the taper of TABLE 9 Rounding Tolerances Inches to Millimetres
the cone, the limits of the tolerance zone depend on the Original Tolerance, inches Fineness of Rounding,
position of the reference plane. Consequently, if the dimen- at least less than mm
sion 0.9300 in = 23.6220 mm is rounded to 23.600 mm (that 0.000 04 0.000 4 0.0001
is, a reduction of 0.022 mm), each of the two original limits, 0.000 4 0.004 0.001
when converted exactly into millimetres, must be corrected 0.004 0.04 0.01
by 0.022 x 0.05 = 0.001 1 mm, in the appropriate sense, 0.04 0.4 0.1
0.4 1
before being rounded.
4.5.6 Consideration of Maximum and Minimum Material

65 1
 5.2 Certain terms used in this standard are defined as
follows:
accuracy (as distinguished from precision)-the degree of
conformity of a measured or calculated value to some
recognized standard or specified value. This concept involves
the systematic error of an operation, which is seldom
negligible.
approximate value-a value that is nearly but not exactly
correct or accurate.
coherent system of units-a system of units of measure-
ment in which a small number of base units, defined as
dimensionally independent, are used to derive all other units
in the system by rules of multiplication and division with no
numerical factors other than unity (see Appendix X 1.9).
deviation-variation from a specified dimension or design
requirement, usually defining upper and lower limits (see
also tolerance).
digit-one of the ten arabic numerals (0 to 9).
dimension-a geometric element in a design, such as
length or angle, or the magnitude of such a quantity.
652
feature-an individual characteristic of a part, such as
screw-thread, taper, or slot.
figure (numerical)-an arithmetic value expressed by one
or more digits.
inch-pound units-units based upon the yard and the
pound commonly used in the United States of America and
defined by the National Institute of Standards and Tech-
nology. Note that units having the same names in other
countries may differ in magnitude.
nominal value-a value assigned for the purpose of con-
venient designation; existing in name only.
precision (as distinguished from accuracy)-the degree of
mutual agreement between individual measurements,
namely repeatability and reproducibility.
significant digit-any digit that is necessary to define a
value or quantity (see 4.3).
tolerance-the total amount by which a quantity is
allowed to vary; thus the tolerance is the algebraic difference
between the maximum and minimum limits.
 E380
E 380 SELECTED CONVERSION FACTORS
To convert from to multiply by
atmosphere (760 mm Hg) pascal (Pa) 1.013 25 x IO5
board foot cubic metre (m3) 2.359 737 x
Btu (International Table) joule (J) 1.055 056 x lo3
Btu (International Table)/h watt (W) 2.930 71 1 x lo-’
Btd (Irrternational Table) * in./s. ft2 O F (k,thermal con-
,
”
-
watt per metre kelvin [W/(m K)] 5.192 204 x 10’
uctivity)
calorie (International Table) joule (J) 4.186 800*
centipoise pascal second (Pass) 1.000 ooo* x 10-3
cdritistokes square metre per second (m’ls) 1.000 ooo*
circular mil square metre (m’) 5.067 075 x lo-’’
degree Fahrenheit degree Celsius t”C = (t”F- 32)/1.8
foo metre (m) 3.048 000” x lo-’
ft2 1 %
square metre (m’) 9.290 304* lo-’
ft3 cubic metre (m3) 2.831 685 x lo-’
ft * lbf joule (J) 1.355 818
ft .lbf/min watt (W) 2.259 697 x
ft/s2 metre per second squared (m/s’) 3.048 OOO* x IO-’
gallon (U.S. liquid) cubic metre (m3) 3.785 412 x
horsepower (electric) watt (W) 7.460 OOO* X
inch metre (m) 2.540 OOO* x IO-’
in? square meter (m2) 6.451 600* x
in.3 cubic metre (m3) 1.638 706 x
inch of mercury (60°F) pascal (Pa) 3.376 85 X IO3
inch of water (60°F) 3 pascal (Pa) 2.488 4 x IO2
kgf/cm’ pascal (Pa) 9.806 650* X IO4
kip (1000 lbf) newton (N) 4.448 222 x 103
kip/in.2 (ksi) pascal (Pa) 6.894 757 x lo6
0 S. fluid) cubic metre (m3) 2.957 353 x 10-5
0 ce newton (N) 2.780 139 x lo-’
ounce (avuirdupois) kilogram (kg) 2.834 952 x
kilogram per square metre (kg/m’) 3.051 517 x lo-’
kilogram per square metre (kg/m’) 3.390 575 x IO-’
kilogram per cubic metre (kg/m3) 7.489 152
cubic metre (m3) 4.731 765 x
newton (N) 4.448 222
pound (lb avoirdupois) kilogram (kg) 4.535 924 x IO-’
1b$/$02(psi) pascal {Pa) 6.894 757 x 103
lb/in>?* kilogram per cubic metre (kg/m3) 2.767 990 x lo4
14fi3 - kilogram per cubic metre (kg/m3) 1.601 846 x 10
cubic metre (m3) 9.463 529 x
kilogram (kg) 9.071 847 x lo2
pascal (Pa) 1.333 22 x lo2
joule (J) 3.600 ooo* x 103
yard : metre (m) 9.144 OOO* x IO-*
Yd2 square metre (m2) 8.361 274 x IO-’
Yd3 cubic metre (m3) 7,645 549 x lo-’
* Exact

653
 Condensed Index of Committee D-1 Standards-1993’

This index references all standards under the jurisdiction of Committee D- 1 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and
Applications, plus several others of auxiliary usefulness. It attempts to include what is relevant and exclude what is incidental
to the concept of each standard. Being designed for Committee D-1 usage it omits much of the detailed information provided
in the regular more comprehensive index, the latter being intended for users with a broader range of product concern, It’s
structure employs cross-indexing from specific to general and vice-versa, with the objective of avoiding redundancy while
guiding the user with dispatch to the desired and related material. The criterion for the selection of index terms is whether they
might reasonably occur to an index user familiar with the technology of organic coatings. Index users encountering errors of
omission or commision should report them promptly by writing to ASTM Subcommittee D01.18 in care of ASTM
Headquarters. Changes will be included in the next edition along with entries for new standards. Subcommittee chairmen
should review the standards under their jurisdiction for that purpose.

This index was developed by ASTM Committee D-l and is not an official ASTM document. It is published for information purposes only.

LOCATION OF STANDARDS COVERED BY THIS INDEX D NO- Book NO.06.0 “x”

12-3 2684 561-3 802-3 1135-1 1392-3 1641-3 1845-1 2075-3 2348-1 26354 3022-1 3424-2 37344 4082-2 4414-1 4794-3 5107-2
13-3 269-3 562-1 803-3 1150-1 1394-1 1642-3 1847-3 2076-3 2349-1 26364 3023-2 3425-2 37354 4085-3 44154 4795.3 5108.2
,161 279-1 563-3 804-3 11524 1396-3 1643-3 1848-2 2077-3 2350-1 2641-3 3125-3 3432-3 3792-1 4086-1 44164 4796-2 5125-1
29-3 280-1 564-1 817-3 11534 1397-3 1644-1 1849-2 2078-3 2351-1 2689-3 31284 3450-2 3793-2 4121-2 4417-2 4797-1 51374
34-1 281-1 6004 822-1 1155-2 1398-3 1647-3 1915-1 2079-3 2352-1 2690-3 3129-2 3451-2 3794-2 41383 4449-1 4827-1 5145-1
49-1 283-1 601-3 823-1 1186-1 13994 1648-3 1926-3 2080-3 2353-2 2691-2 31304 4356-1 3804-1 4139-1 4450.1 4828-2 5146-2
50-1 284-1 602-3 856-3 11934 1400-1 1649-3 1950-3 2081-3 2354-2 26934 31314 3457-3 3806-1 4140-1 4451-1 4834-1 5150-2
56-4 301-3 603-3 867-3 1198-3 1439-3 1650-3 1951-3 2082-3 2363-3 26944 3132-3 3459-2 3842-2 4141-1 4457-1 48354 5164-3
79-3 304-4 604-3 868-2 1199-3 1462-3 1652-3 1952-3 2083-3 2364-3 26954 3133-2 3516-3 3843-2 4142-3 4462-3 48364 5166-3
81-3 305-1 605-3 869-2 1200-1 1466-3 1653-1 1954-3 20864 2369-1 26964 3134-1 3539-1 38454 4143-3 4487-1 48374 5178-1
83-3 3194 607-3 870-1 1208-3 1467-3 1654-1 1955-3 20874 2370-1 2697-1 3168-1 35404 3872-1 4144-2 4518-1 4838-2 5179-1
85-3 3294 6084 871-3 12094 14684 1695-3 1957-3 2090-3 2371-1 2698-1 3169-3 35414 3876-3 4145-2 4537-2 4938-2 5180-3
86-4 330-4 609-1 889-3 1210-1 1469-3 1696-3 1958-3 2091-2 2372-1 2743-2 3170-2 35454 3891-1 4146-2 4538-2 4939-2 5181-2
93-4 3314 610-2 890-3 1211-2 1474-1 1716-3 1959-3 2092-2 2373-1 2745-1 3256-1 35464 38934 4147-2 4540-2 4941-2 5200-1
95-4 332-1 6114 911-3 1212-1 1475-1 17184 19604 21904 2374-1 2797-2 32574 35474 3911-2 4206-1 4541-2 4942-2 6201-1
117-1 333-2 656-3 912-3 1214-2 14164 17194 1962-3 21914 2375-1 2793-2 3258-2 35484 3912-2 4207-1 4563-1 4926-2 5286-2
124-3 344-1 658-1 913-2 1240-3 1483-1 17204 1963-3 21924 2376-2 2794-1 3259-2 3618-1 3924-1 4209-1 4584-1 4948-1 5301-2
126-1 358-2 660-1 914-3 12574 1535-1 17214 1964-3 21934 23784 2800-3 3260-2 3619-3 3925-1 4212-1 4585-1 4958-2 5324-2
130-4 360-3 661-1 960-3 12584 1537-3 17224 1965-3 21944 23794 2803-1 3271-1 36204 3926-1 4213-2 4587-1 4960-2 5325-1
153-3 3624 662-1 961-3 1259-1 1538-3 1725-3 1966-3 21954 23804 28044 3272-1 36224 3927-2 4214-1 4610-1 5007-2 5326-2
154-3 3634 711-2 962-3 12964 1539-3 1726-3 1967-3 2196-1 2438-3 2805-1 3273-) 3623-2 3928-2 4236-2 4613-3 5008-3 5327-2
185-3 365-2 713-2 963-3 1301-1 1540-1 17284 19694 2197-1 2A48-3 2830-2 3274-1 3624-1 3924-1 4277-3 46144 5009-2 5328-2
207-3 387-1 714-1 964-3 1306-3 1541-3 1729-1 1978-1 2198-2 2454-1 2832-1 3276-2 3630-1 3941-1 4287-1 46154 5010-2
209-3 411-3 715-1 968-1 1308-2 1542-3 1730-2 1979-3 2199-2 2455-3 2833-2 3278.1 3680-3 3960-1 4288-3 4639-3 5031-1
210-3 444-1 716-1 969-2 1309-2 1543-1 1731-2 1980-3 2200-2 2456-3 29164 3280-1 3717-1 3964-1 4301-3 4640-3 5043-2
211-3 464-3 717-1 970-1 1310-1 1544-1 1732-2 1981-3 2201-1 2485-1 29174 3281-2 37 18-1 3969-1 4302-2 4706-3 5062-3
2 12-3 465-3 718-1 1005-1 1312-3 1545-3 1734-2 1982-3 2205-2 2486-2 2921-2 3322-2 3719-2 3970-1 4303-2 4707-2 5063-2
215-1 475-3 719-1 1006-1 1316-2 1546-3 1735-1 1983-3 2218-3 2571-2 2929-3 3323-2 3720-1 3971-3 4358-1 4708-1 5064-2
233-3 476-3 740-4 10074 1343-3 1585-3 1736-2 1984-3 2243-2 2572-3 2931-2 33294 3721-3 3980-1 4359-1 47094 5065-2
234-3 478-3 763-3 1013-3 1347-3 16124 1787-3 2007-2 2244-1 2574-1 2932-2 3335-1 3722-3 3988-1 43604 47104 5066-2
235-4 480-3 765-3 1014-2 1348-3 16134 1794-3 2064-2 2245-1 2575-3 2933-1 3358-2 3723-1 3989-1 4361-2 47 12-2 5067-2
237-3 509-3 768-3 1063-3 13534 16144 1795-3 2065-2 2246-1 2613-1 2998-3 3359-1 3724-3 4017-1 4366-1 47 13-2 5068-2
260-3 520-3 769-3 1064-3 1358-3 1615-3 18364 2066-2 2247-1 2616-1 3002-2 3360-3 3725-3 4039-1 43674 4747-1 50695
261-3 521-1 770-4 1065-3 1360-1 16174 1841-3 2071-3 2248-1 2620-2 3003-2 3361-1 37284 4040-2 4368-3 4752-2 5087-1
262-3 522-1 772-1 10784 13634 16384 1842-3 2072-3 2336-2 2621-1 3008-3 33624 3730-2 4060-1 4370-1 4758-3 5095-2
263-3 523-1 784-3 1131-3 13644 1639-3 1843-3 2073-3 2337-2 26214 3009-3 3363-1 3132-2 4061-1 4399-1 4764-1 5097-3
267-3 555-3 801-3 11334 1366-3 1640-3 1844-1 2074-3 2338-2 26344 3021-3 3383-2 3733-3 4062-2 4400-2 47734 5098-2

654
 Condensed Index of Committee D-1 Standards
Abrasive blasting
profile of blast-cleaned steel, D4417
Abrasion resistance
air blast abrasive test, D658
falling sand/abrasive test, D968
Taber Abraser test, D4060
wear resistance, of traffic paint, D913
wet abrasionhcrubbing, D2486,4213
Accelerated exposure tests
-
See. Exposure accelerated
Acetaldehyde
acetaldehyde, spec., D4710
acidity, test, D2086
Acetate ester solvents
purity, alcohol content, D3545
Sa Amyl acetate
n-Butyl acetate
Ethyl acetate
Hexyl acetate
Isobutyl acetate
Isopropyl acetate
Methyl amyl acetate
n-Propyl acetate
Sa Glycol ether acetates
Acetic acid (glacial)
formic acid in glacial acetic acid, D3546
specification, D3620
Acetone
acetone tolerance, of bodied oils, D1950
alkalinity, test, D1614
permanganate time, test, D1363
specification, D329
Acetylene black, See Carbon black
Acidity/alkalinity, (pH)
acetaldehyde, spec., D4710
acetone, test, D1613, 1614
chemically cleaned/etched concrete ,D4262
electrocoat baths, D4584
fatty quaternary ammon. chlorides, D2081
formaldehyde solutions, test, D2379
hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, D2363
milliequivalence, electrocoat baths, D4370
pH of water solutions, E70
phenol-formaldehyde, D4613
pigments, D1208
volatile solvents, D1613
Acid number (value)
fatty adds, D1980
lac resins, test, D29
organic coating materials, D1639
pine tars and pine tar oils, test, D856
rosin oil, test, D1131
rosin test, D465
tall oil, test, D803
turpentine and pinene, test, D233
S a Saponification number
Acid resistance (of paintdrelated coatings)
clear coatings on aluminum, test, D3260
Acrylate esters, purity, D3362
Acrylic acid
dimer content, D4415
specification, D4416
Acrylic emulsion paints, See Artists' Paints
AdhesionlCohesion
by cut tape test, D3359
Dillon dynometer test, D4796
HII'AC coatings, D3730
portable tester, pull-off strength, D4541
prepainted fabricated metal, D4145
scrape test on smooth surfaces, D2197
traffic marking paints, materials,.D4796
zinc-rich primer on steel, D4146
Air blast abrasion tester, D658
Alcohol resistance, furniture lacquer, D257l
Alcohol solvents
See Amyl alcohol, D319
n-Butyl alcohol (I-Butanol), D304
sec-Butyl alcohol (2-Butanol), D1007
2-Ethylhexanol, D5008
Isobutyl alcohol (isobutanol), D1719
Isopropyl alcohol (isopropanol), D770
Methyl isobutyl carbinol, D2635
Methanol (Methyl alcohol), D1152
n-Propyl alcohol (n-propanol), D3622
Aldehydes, purity, test, D2192
Algae (algal growth) See Biodeterioration
Aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents
See Mineral (petroleum) spirits
VM&P naphtha
Alkali resistance, of vamishes, D1647
Alkyddalkyd resins
carboxylic adds content, D2455
fatty acids content, D1398
isophthalic acid content, D2690
phthalic anhydride content, D563, D1306
polyhydric alcohol, D1615,2456,2998
Alkyddalkyd resins (cont'd)
rosin acid content, D1469
silicon content, D3733
test methods, selection of, D2689
unsaponifiable matter content, D1397
S a Paints, solvent-reducible
Aluminum (metal surfaces)
add/mortar resistance,of coatings,D3260
preparation for painting, D1730, D1731
Aluminum powder and paste
sampling/testing, D480
specification, D962
Aluminum silicate (anhydrous)
analysis, D718
specification, D3619
Sa Pigments, general properties
Aluminum silicate (hydrous)
analysis, D718
specification, D603
Sa Pigments, general properties
Amidoamines, See Fatty amines
Amino resins
free formaldehyde content, D1979
test procedures, practice, D4277
nitrogen content, D1013
solvent tolerance test, D1198
Aminedamine values
See Fatty amines
Fatty quaternary/amine chlorides
Amyl acetate, synthetic primary, D3540
Amyl alcohol (synthetic), spec., D319
Analysis See Chemical analysis
Aniline
sampling and handling, practice, D3436
specification, D3264
Aniline point
dipentene, related terpene solvents, DE01
petroleum hydrocarbon solvenk,D611
Anti-corrosion pigments
See Basic lead silicochromate
Red lead
Strontium chromate
Tribasic lead phosphosilicate
Zinc chromate
Zinc dust
Zinc hydroxy phosphite
Anti-fouling pigments
See Copper powder
Cuprous oxide
Mercuric oxide
655
Anti-fouling paints,
submergence test, D3263
erosion test, high velocity water, D4938
erosion test, rotating drum, D4939
organotin release rate, D5108
Anti-fungal pigments
See Calcium borosilicate
Zinc Oxide
Antimony oxide
analysis, D2350
analysis, low conc., spectroscopy, D37l7
S a Pigments, general properties
Anti-sag meter, multinotch blade, D4400
Applicators, film
See: Film applicationlapplicators
Architectural paints and coatings
block resistance, D4946
brushability (brush drag), D4958
color development, tinted paints, D5326
color permanence, white enamels, D1543
color uniformity on application, D5326
efflorescence of wall paints, D1736
film failures, exterior latex paint, D1848
fihn porosity, D3258
freezethaw resistance, D2243
gloss or sheen uniformity, D3928
gloss terminology & definitions,in prep.
guides for testing architectural coatings:
exterior paints, solvent-borne, D3323
water-borne, D3129
flat paints, solvent-borne, D3323
water-borne, D2431
floor paints, solvent-borne, D3383
water-borne, D3358
gloss and S/G, solvent-bome, D3425
wa ter-borne, D4540
high performance (HIPAC), D3730
solvent-borne (general), D5146
water-borne (general), D5324
guide for purchasing:
state and institutional, D3927
hiding power:
brush application, visual, D344
drawdown, reflectometric, D2805
roller application, visual, in prep.
wet-to-dry hiding change, D5007
leveling, D4062
minimum film formation temp., D2345
package stability, D1849
porosity of films, D3258
print resistance, D4207
roller spatter, resistance to, D4707
sag resistance, D4400
tinted paints, color, D5326
washability:
soilant, mechanical test, D3450
practical multi-stain test, D4828
wet abrasion (scrub) resistance:
scrub-to-failure test, D2486
weight-loss test, D4213
komatic hydrocarbon solvents
See High-flash aromatic naphtha
Toluene
Xylene
Arsenic content, in paint, D2348
Artists' paints
drawdowns, preparation of, D4941
labeling for health hazards, D4236
lightfastness of pigments, D4303
specifications
acrylic emulsion, D5098
oil, acrylic, alkyd, resin-oil, D4302
water colors, D5067
tinting strength, D4838
 Condensed Index of Committee
Asbestine See Magnesium silicate
Atlas Weatherometer, D5031
Automotive painting
spray transfer efficiency, D5066
Bacterial resistance See Biodeterioration
Baking, effect of overbaking. D2454
Ball drop method, for viscosity ,Dl343
Barium sulfate (barite, barytes, blanc fixe)
analysis, D715
specification, D602
S a Pigments, general properties
Basic carbonate white lead
analysis, D1301
specification, D81
S a Pigments, general properties
Basic lead silicochromate
analysis, D1844
specification, D1648
S a Pigments, general properties
Basic sulfate white lead
analysis, D1301
S a Pigments, general properties
Bend testing
mandrel bend test, D522
Berlin white See Basic carbonate white lead
Biocidal pigments
See Anti-fouling pigments
Anti-fungal pigments
Biodeterioration (microbiological attack)
emulsion paints in container, D2574
paint films:
discoloration - exterior exposure, D3456
mold - environmental chamber, D3273
removal of fungal/algal growth, D4610
soil/dirt/fungal accumulation, D3274
S a Anti-fouling paints
Bituminous materials
water content, by distillation, D95
Black box exposure test
accelerated outdoor exposure, D4141
Black iron oxide See Iron oxide black
Black pigments See Bone black
Carbon black
Iron oxide black
Lampblack
Blade applicators
See Film applicationlapplicators
Blanc fixe See Barium sulfate
Blast-cleaned steel (abrasive)
profile of steel surfaces, D4417
Bleeding (bleed resistance)
See Pigments-general properties
Traffic paint
Blistering (Blister resistance)
pictorial standards/evaluation, D714
water condensation test, D4585
water fog test D1735
Blocking (block resistance)
of architectural coatings, D4946
lacquers on metal substrates D3003
on wood substrates D2793
Blue pigments, mixture, analysis of, D1135
Sa Iron blue
Phthalocyanine blue
Ultramarine blue
Boiled oils (drying) See Linseed oil
Bonding strength, See Adhesionkohesion
Bone black
solvent extractable matter, D305
spec., DZlO
Sa Pigments, general properties
D-1 Standards
Break test, See Fatty oils
Bronze powders, See Gold bronze powder
Brookfield viscometer, See Viscometers
Brown pigments
See Ironoxide
Sienna, raw and burnt
Umber, raw and burnt
Sa Pigments, general properties
Brunswick blue See Icon blue
Brunswick green See Chrome green
Brushability (Brush drag)
Manual application test, D4958
High shear (ICI) viscosity, D4287
Brushes, paint See Paint brushes
Bubble time method See Viscometers
Burning Characteristics
of liquid ingredients
Equilibrium method, closed cup
flash/no flash, D3934
flash point, D3941
Pensky-Martens (dosed cup), D93
Seta flash tester (dosed cup), D3278
Seta flash tester (open cup) D4206
Sustained burning test, D4206,4207
Tag,closed cup, flash point, D56
Tag, open cup, flash/fire point, D1310
Wick test, D4207
of paints/coatings
char index, cabinet method, D1360
2-foot tunnel method, D3806
Burnt sienndumber
See Sienna, burnt and raw
Umber, burnt and raw
1-Butanol See n-Butyl alcohol
2-Butanol See sec-Methyl ethyl alcohol
2-Butanone See Methyl ethyl ketone
2-Butoxy ethanol, spec., D330
Butyl acetate
alcohol content/purity, D3545
specification, D4615
Butyl acrylate
punty test, D3362
specification, D3547
Butyl acrylatelmethacrylate
monomer content of latexes, D4747
n-Butyl alcohol, specification, D304
sec-Butyl alcohol, spec., D1007
Butyl glycol See 2-Butoxyethanol
Butyral content
cellulose acetate butyrates, test, D817
Cadmium content
in low concentrations in paint, D3335
Calcium borosilicate
analysis, D4487
specification, D4288
S a Pigments, general properties
Calcium carbonate
specification, D1199
S a Pigments, general properties
Calcium content
cellulose pulp (from wood/cotton), D4085
paint driers, by EDTA method, D2613
Calcium paint driers See Driers
Calcium sulfate(Gypsum, plaster of pans,
Terra alba, ), C471
Carbon-arc lamps
See Exposure, accelerated
Carbon black
pigment for paint, spec., D561
solvent extractable material, D305
Sa Pigments, general properties
Carboxyl content, of cellulose, D1926
656
Carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium, D1439
Carboxylic acids, identification
in alkyd resins, D2455
Castor oil, dehydrated
Specification, D961
diene value, D1358
Sa Fatty oils
Castor oil, raw
specification, D960
hydroxyl content, D1957
Sa Fatty oils
Caulking/glazing compounds and sealants
viscosity, falling-rod-viscometer, D4040
Cellulose and cellulose derivatives
acetate, butyrate and proprionate, D817
alcohol-benzenesoluble content, D1729
ashing, test methods, D3516
carboxyl content, test, D1926
cellulose acetate, test, D87l, D365
cellulose nitrate, See Nitrocellulose
chain length uniformity, D1716
chlorine content, test, D2641
chromatographic analysis, D1915
cold check resistance, lacquers, D1211
definition of terms, D1695
&chloromethane-soluble matter, D3971
ethoxyl substitution in cellulose, D4794
ethyl cellulose (EC) plastics, D914
ethyl cellulose pulp, metals content, D4085
hydroxyethyl cellulose, D2364
hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, D 2363
hydroxypropyl substitution, D3876
methoxy substitution, D3876
methylcellulose, test methods, D1347
moisture content, test, D1348
nitrocellulose, See Nitrocellulose
silica content, test D2438
sodium carboxymethylcellulose, Dl439
solubility in sodium hydroxide, D1696
sulfur content, D2929
viscosity, ball-drop method, D1343
viscosity, intrinsic, D1795
volatile/non-volatile of solutions, D4209
Centrifuge, See Vehicle separation
Cerium paint driers, See Driers
Certification of conformance, form, D5063
Chalk, See Calcium carbonate
Chalking, exterior paints, D659, D4214
Channel black See Carbon black
Char index See Burning characteristics
Checking (check resistance)
exterior paints, test D660
S a Cold checking
Chemical Analysis
See Pigments, analysis
White pigments, analysis
Chemical resistance, to:
acid & mortar, of coated aluminum, D3260
alkali, of varnish films, D1647
alcohol, of wood furniture lacquers, D257l
household chemicals, of coatings, D1308
China clay See Aluminum silicate (hydrous)
Chinese blue See Iron blue
China red See Chrome orange
Chinese white See Zinc oxide
Chip (chipping) resistance
of coatings, D3170
of traffic paint, D913
Chlorinated phenol preservative content
in wood products, D2921
 Condensed Index of Committee D-1 Standards
Chlorine content
cellulose, test, D2641
epoxy resins/compounds, test, D4301
hydrolyzable,of liquid epoxy resins, D1726
polyvinyl chloride, D1156
toluene diisocyanate, D1638
total, of liquid epoxy resins, D1847
Chromaticity, See Color
Chromatography
See individual analysis references
Chrome green
analysis, D126
specification, D212
Sa Pigments (general properties)
Chrome yellow and orange
analysis, D126
specification, D211
Sa Pigments, general properties
-
Chromium content low concentrations
in air particulate filter samples, D4358
in paint, D3718
Chromium oxide green
analysis, D126
specification, D263
Sa Pigments (general properties)
Chromium pigments
See Chromegreen
Chrome yellow and orange
Chromium oxide green,
Lead silicochromate,
Strontium chromate
Zinc chromate
CIE color system See Color-opaque materials
Citron yellow See Strontium Chromate
Claritylcleanliness
of paint and ink liquids, D2090
turbidity of clear liquids, D5150
Clay, See Aluminum silicate
Cloud point
aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, D4790
Coalescence
latex paint films, low temperature, D3793
Coarse particle analysis
See Dispersion (of pigments)
Particle size (analysis/distribution)
Cobalt content
paint driers, by EDTA method, D2373
paint, in low concentrations, D3335
liquid drier, analysis, D564
Coconut oil, See Fatty acids, tests, specs.
Coefficient of friction See Slip resistance
Coefficient of retroreflection
See Retroreflectiotdretroreflectors
Coffee stains, resistance to
of furniture lacquer, D2571
Cohesion, See Adhesion/Cohesion
Coil coatings
wire-wound bar application, D4717
guide for testing, D3794
Cologne yellow, See Chrome yellow
Cold checking
of nitrocellulose lacquers, D1211
Color development and uniformity
in tinted, architectural paints, D532
Color
-
See Color opaque materials
Color retention
-
Color transparent liquids and solids
Color-opaque materials
CIE color system, E308(14.02)
color difference,instrumental, D2244
Colour Index, artist pigments, D4302
defining and evaluating tolerances, D3134
evaluathg color change,gray scale, D2616
metamerism, visual evaluation, D4086
Munsell system, D1535
tristimulus values, D2244
visual evaluation of differences, D1729
Color retention
discoloration:
microbiological discoloration, D 3456
clear coatings in sunlight, D2620
household chemicals, effect of, D1308
white architectural enamels, D1543
light fastness (fading):
pigments in artists paints, D4303
printed matter, D3424
-
Color transparent, liquids and solids
Gardner color scale, D1544
standard solutions for color tests:
caramel/platinum-cobalt, D365
platinum-cobalt scale D1209
Colorants
Color development in tinted paints, D5326
Compatability, coatings, Patch test, D5064
Concrete and masonry test panels, D1743
pH, chemically cleaned/etched, D4262
surface cleaning (for coating), D4261,4258
Conditioningmwironment for testing.D3%!4
Conductance and conductivity
of electrocoat baths, D4399
Cone-and-plate viscometers
See Viscometers, IC1
Conformancelcertification of, D5063
Conjugated oils
See Dehydrated castor oil
Oiticica oil
=%oil
S a Fatty o h , conjugated diene value
Consistency, by Stormer viscometer, D562
Contrast ratio
hiding power by reflectometry, D2805
Copal content, of lac resins
-
See Shellac copal resin content
Copper content
cellulose pulp (from wood/cotton), D4085
copper pigments, test, D283
pine tars and pine tar oils, D856
Copper corrosion
in aromatic solvents, DM9
in dipentene & related terpenes, DE01
in petroleum products, D130
S a Exposure tests
Copper phthalocyanine blue and green
See Phthalocyanine blue
Phthalocyanine green
Copper powder
analysis, D283
specification, D964
Sa Pigments, general properties
-
Com oil, See Fatty acids tests, specifications
Corrosion resistance See Exposure
Cotton seed oil
-
See Fatty acids tests, specifications
Covers, paint roller See Paint rollers, covers
Cracking (crack resistance)
exterior paints, evaluating, D661
mandrel bend test, D522
Cross-cut, cross-hatch tape test
adhesion of paint, test, D3359
Cuprous oxide
analysis, D283
specification, D 9 12
See Pigments, general properties
657
Cure time, thermosetting resins, D4640
Sa Drying/curing
Curtain coating. water reducible, D47l2
Dark chrome yellow
See Chrome yellow and orange
Definitions of terms
related to paint, vamish, etc., D16
Dehydrated castor oil
See Castor oil, dehydrated
-
Fatty acids tests, specifications
Density-apparent (bulk)
hydroxyethelcellulose, D2364
hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, D2363
methylcellulose, D1347
sodium carboxymethylcellulose, D1439
-
Density true
dipentene/terpene solvents, DSOl
industrial aromatics, D2935
paints and related coatings, D1475
paint liquids, D1963
pigments, tests, D153
pine oil,DE02
pine tars and oils, D856
turpentine and pinene, D233
Deposition efficiency
of powder coatings, D3451
Detergent resistance, D2248
-
Dew cycle, See Exposure tests accelerated
Diacetone alcohol, spec., D2627
Diamines, See Fatty diamines
Diatomaceous silica, See Silica
Dibutyl phthalate, spec., D608
Dichlormethane, determination of
by gas chromatography, D4457
Diethlene glycol, spec. D2694
Dillon Dynamometer, See Adhesionlcohesion
Dilution ratio/Dilutability
cellulose nitrate solutions,D1720
cellulose nitrate, with toluene, D301
resin solutions, D5062
Dimethyl ketone, See Acetone
Dip application
water reducible coatings, D47l7
Dipentene (and related terpene solvents)
sampling and testing, DE01
Dipropylene glycol
speafication, D2696
Dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether (DPGME)
specification. D4836
purity, D4773
Dip-type viscosity cups, See Viscometers
Directional reflectance
See Reflectance and reflectivity
Dirt/Soil resistance
exterior white coatings, D3719
practical washability, D4828
washability, mechanical test, D3450
Disbonding-cathodic
pipeline coatings, cyclic temperatures, G42
pipeline coatings, test, G 8
Discoloration See Color retention
Dispersiotdfineness of grind (of pigments)
coarse particles by sieve test, D185
dispersion stability, phthalo blue, D963
in pigment-vehicle systems, D1210
in printing inks, NPIRI grindometer, D1316
in titanium dioxide slumes, D3926
 Condensed Index of Committee D-1 Standards

Distillation Electrocoat baths fluorescent UV/condensation, D4587

dipentene, terpene solvents, D801 Aad/base milliequivalency, D4370 100%humidity chamber, D2247
distillation range, D1078 Guide for testing, D1978 wood panel substrates, D358
ethyl acetate, spec.,D4614 pH measurement, D4584 xenon arc/water spray, G26
in vacuum, solvent-type paints, D3272 Electrostatic deposition -
Exposure testing exterior
petroleum products, D86 See Powder Coatings house paints on new wood, Dl006
pine oil, DE02 Electrostatic spray paints on steel surfaces, D1014,5065
pine tars and tar oils, D856 water-reducible coatings, D4712 quantifying dirt collection, D3719
turpentine and pinene, D233 recording results on standard forms, D1150
Dolomite, See Calcium carbonate wood panel substrates, D358
Draft test, varnish films, D1643 Elongation Extender pigments
Drawdown bars and rods mandrel bend test, D522 See Aluminum silicate (clay)
See Film application/applicators tensile strength/stiffness,free films, D2370 Barium Sulfate (barytes, blanc fixe)
Draw-down tests, multi-notch applicators Emulsion vehicles (for paintdrelated coatings) Calcium carbonate (whiting)
leveling characteristics of paints, D4062 freezethaw resistance, D2243 Magnesium silicate (talc)
leveling of paints, D2801 (discontinued) minimum film formation temp., D2354 Mica
sag resistance of paints, DM00 S a Latex vehicles Pumice
Driers Environment, standard conditioning Silica, diatomaceous
calaum/zinc content, EDTA, D2613 for testing coatings, D3924 Exterior paints and coatings
cerium content, test, D3970 thermosetting (molding)compounds, D1013 See Architectural paints and coatings,
clarity/cleanness, visual, D2190 Erosion resistance Exposure testing
cobalt content, EDTA method, D2373 of exterior paints, D662 Factory applied finishes
iron content, EDTA method, D3804 S a Abrasion resistance See Industrial finishes, water-borne
lead content, EDTA method, D2374 Anti-fouling paints Wood finishes
manganese content, EDTA method, D2375 See Color retention
rare earths content, EDTA method, D3989 Ester solvents Falljng -rod viscometer See Viscometers
selection of test methods, D564 See Acetate ester solvents Fallmg sand method, See Abrasion resistance
specification, D600 Epoxy (EP) resins
vanadium content, EDTA method, D3988 bond strength, traffic markg mat's, D4796 Fatty acids-general
volatile/nonvolatile content, D4140 chlorine content, D1847,4301 definition of terms, D1467
zirconium content, EDTA method, D3%9 epoxide equivalent wt., D1652 sampling, D1466
Drop black, See Bone black epoxy content, D1652 testing methods, D2575
guide for testing, D4142 Fatty acids-sp ecification s
hydrolyzable chlorine content, D1726 coconut oil, Dl841
Dry film thickness,See Film thickness, dry film Ester value corn oil, Dl842
Drying oils, See Fatty oils of solvents and thinners, D1617 cottonseed oil, Dl843
Drying /curing Ether-alcohols dehydrated castor oil, D1539
cellulose nitrate, D301 See Glycol ethers linseed oil, D1538
MEK resistance, zinc-rich primers, D4752 2-Ethoxy ethanol, specification, D331 soybean oil, D1537
room temperature, film formulation, D1640 specification, D1969 tall oil, Dl984
shellac varnish, D1650 2-Ethoxyethyl acetate Fatty acids-tests
temperature during curing by I.R., D3259 alcohol content/purity, D3545 acid value, D1980
thermosetting resins, cure time, D4640 specification, D3728 ash content, D1951
ultra-violet cured coatings, D3732 Ethyl acetate clarity/cleanness, D2090
Durability, See Exposure tests alcohol content/purity, D3545 color after heating, D1981
Dutch white, See Basic carbonate white lead specification, D4614 fish oil content, D3725
Dynamic immersion tests Ethyl acrylate Gardner color scale, D1544
of Anti-fouling paints, D4938,4939 ethyl acrylate, spec., D3548 hydroxyl content, D1957
Dynamometer testing punty, D3362 iodine value, D1959
See Adhesionlcohesion Ethylene glycol rosin acid content, D11240
specification, D2693 saponification value, D1962
Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether solidification point, D1982
Earth pigments See Ocher, Sienna, Umber See 2-Butoxyethanol speafic gravity, test, D1963
Eccentric wheel, See Film thickness gages Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether titer test, D1982
EDTA method, paint driers See 2-Ethoxy ethanol unsaponifiable matter, D1965
calcium content, D2613 Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether Fatty acids content
cobalt content, D2373 See 2-Methoxy ethanol alkyd resins, D1398
iron content, D3804 2-Ethylhexanol, analysis, D5008 methyl esters, D1983,3457
lead content, D2374 specification D1969 solvent paints, D2245
manganese content, D2375 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate, spec., D3541 tall oil rosin, test, D1585
rare earths content, D3989 Ethyl silicate, zinc-rich primer tall oil test, D803
vanadium content, D3988 MEK resistance, D4752 Fatty amines, amidomines, diamines
zinc content, D2613 amine content, D2083
zirconium content, D3%9 Evaporation rate, volatile liquids, D3539 amine values, D2073,2074
Efficiency -
Exposure accelerated-corrosive environment iodine value, Wijs, D2075
See Deposition efficiency (powder coatings) cychc salt spray/humidity/cold D2933 isocyanates test, D1638
Transfer efficiency-spray application filiform corrosion on steel, D2803 non-amine content, D2082
Efflorescence method for evaluating corrosion, D1654 test methods, amidomines, D2071
exterior latex paints, D1848 -
Exposure accelerated -waterlhumidity/light water content, D2072
interior wall paints ,Dl736 black box/Fresnel reflector rack, D4141 Fatty nitrogen compounds
Elasticity, of varnishes, test, D 1642 carbon arc lamp - dew cycle, D3361 identification in solvent paints, D2245
Electrical insulating solids carbon arc lamp/unfiltered, DS22 non-amine content, D2082
shellac specifications, D784 carbon arc lamp, enclosed, Atlas, D5031 test methods, D2071
shellac, test methods, D411 controlled condensation, D4585 water content, test, D2072

658
 Condensed Index of Committee D-1 Standards
Fatty oils (drying oils)
absorption (by pigments), D281.1483
acetone tolerance (heat-bodied oils), D1950
ash content, D1951
break test, D1952
darity/cleanliness, visual, D2090
color after heating, test, D1967
conjugated diene value, D1358
content, of solvent paints, D2245
definition of terms, D555
film formation rates, drying, D1640
Gardner color scale, D1544(1,2,3)
gel time, test, D1955
iodine value, test, D1959
loss on heating, D1960
sampling, D1466
saponification value, D1962
selecting test procedures, guide, D4140
specific gravity at 25/25'C, test, D1963
-
Fatty oils (drying oils) (cont'd)
testing methods, D555
unsaponifiable matter content, D1965
unsaturation, Rosenmund-Kuhnhenn, Dl541
unsaturation, Wijs method, D1959
S a Castor oil, raw
Castor oil, dehydrated
Fish oil
Linseed oil
Oiticica oil
Safflower oil
Soybean oil
Sunflower oil
Tall oil
Tung oil
Fatty quaternary ammonium chlorides
acid value, tests, D2076
amine value, test, D2076
ash content, test, D2077
iodine value, D2078
nonvolatile matter, D2079
molecular weight, D2080
pH, test, D2081
water content, D2072
Ferric oxidemerrite See Icon oxide pigments
Ferrous iron in iron oxides, D3872
Field identificationlanalysis
of structural coatings, D5043
Filiform corrosion resistance
of organic coatings, D2803
S a Exposure tests-accelerated-corrosive
Film applicationlapplicators
artists' paste paints, practice, D4941
blade applicators, DS23
producing uniform films, D823
wirewound (Meier) rods, D4147
Film formation, emulsion vehicles
minimum temperature (MITT),D2354
Film porosity, See Porosity
Film thickness gages
dry films
by incision cut, Tooke gage, D4138
on non-ferrous metals (eddy), D1400
on steel, magnetic gage, D1186
using micrometers, D1005
wet films
eccentnc wheel, Dl212
Interchemical and Pfund gages, Dl212
notched gages, D4414
Films, organic coatings, See Free films
Fineness of grind (dispersion)
See Dispersion
Fire retardancylflammability
See Burning characteristics
Fischer reagent method (for water content) Gardner-Holdt viscometer tubes
See Karl Fischer reagent method See Viscometers
Fish oil in drying oils and fatty acids, D3725 Gas checking, draft test, varnish films, D1643
S a Fatty oils Gasoline resistance, of traffic paints, D2792
Flake brass See Gold bronze powder Gel time
Flaked powders drying oils, test, D1955
See Aluminum powder and paste tar acids, test D2870
Flake white See Basic carbonate white lead Glass panels
Flaking (flake resistance) surface prep for testing coatings, D3891
exterior paints D722 Glass beads (in traffic paint)
Flammabilitylfire retardancy analysis for D4797
See Burning characteristics sieve analysis, D1214
Flash point-liquids test for roundnessof, D1155
See Burning characteristics Gloss (specular) and Sheen
Flat paints, interior change, washability of coatings, D4828
solvent-borne, test guide, D3323 effect of household chemicals, D1308
water-borne, test guide, D2931 gloss differences, visual evaluation, D4449
Flexibility haze of high gloss finishes, D4039
impact resistance, D2794 high gloss, goniophotometer, test, E430
mandrel bend test, D522 measurement of gloss and sheen, D523
on prepainted metal sheets,D4145 tolerances, conformance evaluation, D3134
-
Flocculation of pigments, test for, D963 uniformity of brushouts, test, D3928
Floor paintskoatings Gloss paints
clear floor sealers, D1546 See Architectural paints and coatings
solvent-borne, test guide, D3383 GIycerin-h igh gravity
water-bome, test guide, D3358 sampling/testing, D1258
Flow and flow rate specification, D1257
See Rheological properties Glycidal ethers
Foots, in raw linseed oil chlorine content in epoxy resins, D4301
gravimetric method, D1966 Glycols
volumetric method, D1954 See Diethylene glycol, D2694
Ford cup, See Viscometers Dipropylene glycol, D2696
Formability Ethylene glycol, D2693
Impact-Wedge bend test, D3281 Hexylene glycol, D2636
zinc-rich primer on steel, D4146 Propylene glycol, D2695
Formaldehyde Glycol ethers
acidity test, D2379 See Dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether
in amino resins, D1979 Ethylene glycol butyl ether
iron content, test, D2087 Ethylene glycol ethyl ether
methanol content, test, D2380 Propylene glycol monomethyl ether
specification, D2378 Glycol ether acetates
Forms See Ethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate
certification of conformance, D5063 Propylene glycol methyl ether acetate
recording exposure test results, D1150 Gold bronze powder
Fouling analysis, D283
See Anti-fouling paints specification, D267
Free films (organic coatings) Sa Pigments, general properties
preparation, tensile properties, D2370 Gray scale
preparation of, D4708 chalking standards, D4214
-
Freeze thaw resistance Green pigments
multicolored lacquers, D2337 See Chromegreen
water-borne paints, D2243 Chromium oxide green
French blue See Iron blue Phthalocyanine green
French chalk See Magnesium silicate Grind, of pigment, dispersions
French ocher See Ocher See Dispersiodfineness of grind
Fresnel reflector rack exposure Grindometer, NPIRI
accelerated outdoor metal exposure D4141 See Printinginks
Friction, static coefficient, See Slip resistance Dispersion/fineness of grind
Fuel oil I solvent resistance
of traffic paints, D2792
Fungicidal (fungistatic) pigments Guide for
See Anti-fungal pigments assessing aged coatings on steel, D5065
Fungus resistancelfungicides painting inspectors, metal substrates,D3276
See Biodeterioration Guides for testing (selection of methods)
Furnace black, See Carbon black See Architectural paints and coatings
Coil coatings
Electrocoat baths
Epoxy resins
Galvanized surfaces Industrial finishes
preparation for painting, D2092 Lacquers
Gardner-Coleman method Latex vehicles
oil absorption of pigments, D1483 Powder coatings
Gardner color scale Solvents
transparent liquids, test, D1544 White pigments, analysis
659
 Condensed Index of Committee D-1 Standards
GUmmsin
See Rosin
Halogenated solvents
analysis for, in paint, D4457
Halo-silane coated glass plates
for preparation of free films, D4708
Halphen-Hicks test
rosin content of varnishes, Dl542
Handling material See Materials handling
Hardness testing, of organic films
h o o p indentation tester, KHN, D1474
Koenig pendulum test, D4366
pencil test, D3363
Persoz pendulum test, D4366
Pfund indentation tester, PHN, D1474
Sward rocker test, D2134
Hazards, fire and health
handling analine, D3436
handling cresylic acid, phenol, D3852
handling naphthalene, D3438
in protective coatings, D3630
labeling art materials, D4236
Haze See Gloss
Heat resistance of organic coatings
on steel, D2485
effect of overbaking, D2454
Heatset-type printing inks
non-volatile content, D4713
Hegman scale
fineness of dispersion, pigments, DlZlO
Hematite See Iron oxide red
n-Heptane
flash/fire point of liquids, test, D1310
Heptane miscibility See Miscibiity
Hexanes ,commercial, specification, D1836
Hexyl acetate, spec., D5137
Hexylene glycol, specification, D2636
Hiding power (of paintskoatings)
brushouts, visual, relative, D344
drawdowns, reflectometry, D2805
roller application, practical, visual, D5150
wet-to-dry change, visual, D5007
High-flash aromatic naphthas, D3734
High performance (HIPAC) coatings, D3730
High-purity (reagent) water, spec., D1193
High shear (ICI) viscosity, D4287
S a Brushability
Horizontal pull test, static friction, D4518
Household chemicals,
resistance to, of organic coatings, D1308
House Paints See Architectural paints
Humidity resistance, of coatings
humid-dry cycling, on wood, D3459
humidity, on steel, D2247
humidity-thermal cycle on steel, D2246
S a Water resistance
Hunter, visual gloss differences, D4449
Hydrocarbon solvents
See Aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents
Aromatic hydrocarbon solvents
Solvents, general test procedures
Hydroquinone content in vinyl acetate, D2193
Hydroxyethylcellulose, testing, D2364
Hydroxyl content
cellulose acetate, Dd7l
cellulose acetate, butyrate, D817
fatty oils and acids, D1957
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, D2363
Hydroxypropyl substitution
in cellulose ether products, D3876
IC1 conelplate viscometer, D4287
Sa Brushability
Impact resistance ,flexibility test, D2794
Imprinting See Print resistance
Inclined plane test, static friction, D4518
Indentation hardness See Hardness Testing
Index of refraction See Refractive index
Indexes, specialized, of standards and tests
Architectural coatings, D2833
Sa Guides for testing
Indian red See Iron oxide red
Industrial finishes
water-bome, test guide, D l 7 l 2
Inert pigments See Extender pigments
Infrared pyrometry (thermometers)
for wood coatings, cure cycle, D3259
Infrared spectrophotometry, analysis
See Spectrophotometry-infrared
Ink, Inkometer, See Printing Inks
Inspection of paint application work
guide for inspectors, D3276
Interchemical Film Thickness Gage
See Film thickness gages
Interior paints S e e Architectural paints
Interlab testing See Statistical methods
Iodine value, tests
Drying oils,Rosenmund-Kuhnhenn,D1541
fatty amines, Wijs test, D2075
fatty quaternary ammon. chlorides, D2078
lac resins, test, D29
Wijs test, D1959
Iron, in driers, EDTA, D3804
Iron blue
analysis, D1135
specification, D261
Iron oxide black
natural/synthetic-analysis, D3872
synthetic., spec., D769
See Pigments, general properties
Iron oxide brown (natural)
analysis, D50
specification, D3722
S a Pigments, general properties
Iron oxide brown (synthetic)
analysis, D3872
specification, D3724
S a Pigments, general properties
Iron oxide red (natural)
analysis, D50
specification, D3722
S a Pigments, general properties
Iron oxide red (synthetic)
analysis, D50
specification, D3721
Sa Pigments, general properties
Iron oxide yellow
analysis, D50
specification, D768
Sa Pigments, general properties
Iron paint driers See Driers
Iron Oxides, ferrous iron content, D3872
I S 0 flow cups, See Viscometers
Isobutyl acetate
alcohol content/purity, D3545
Isobutyl acetate (95%grade), spec., Dl7l8
Isobutyl alcohol, specification, Dl7l9
Isocyanates
foam raw materials, test methods, D1638
isocyanate groups in urethanes, D2572
Isophorone, specification, D2916
Isophthalic acid content
alkyd and polyester resins, test, D2690
Isopropanol See Isopropyl alcohol
Isopropyl acetate
alcohol content/purity, D3545
Isopropyl acetate (99%grade), spec., D3131
660
Isopropyl alcohol, specification, D770
Kaolinite, Kaolin See Aluminum silicate
Karl Fischer reagent, water content, D4017
Kauri-butanol value, D1133
Ketones
methyl n-amyl ketone, spec., D4360
purity, test, D2192
Ketone solvents
See Acetone, D329
Diacetone alcohol, D2627
Isophorone, D2619
Methyl amyl ketone, D4360
Methyl ethyl ketone, D740
Methyl isoamyl ketone, D2917
Methyl isobutyl ketone, D1153
Knife test, for paint adhesion, D3359
Knoop hardness tester, D1474
Koenig pendulum test, hardness, D4366
S a Hardness testing
Labeling
art materials for health hazards, D4236
Lacquer
cellulase nitrate content, D3133
definition of, D16
ester value, of lacquer solvents, D1617
freeze/thaw test, multicolored, D2337
guide for testing, D333
imprint resistance (of dried fibs), D2091
particle size analysis(multicolored),D2338
plasticizer migration, vinyl fabrics, D2199
selection of test methods, D333
stain removal ( multicolored lacquer) D2198
temperature-change resistance, test, D1211
testing wood fumiture lacquers, D257l
viscosity by dip type viscosity cups, D4212
viscosity by Ford viscosity cup, Dl200
Lacresins See Shellac
Lampblack
solvent extractable matter, test, D305
specification., D209
Lampblack content, test, D305
Lapis lazuli See Ultramarine blue
Latex paints - See Architectural paints
Latex vehicles
filter-retained solids content, D5097
guides to test procedures, D4143
nonvolatile content, D4758
unreacted monomer content, D4827,4747
S a Emulsion vehicles
Lead chromate pigments
See Chrome yellow and orange
Chrome green
Molybdate orange
Lead content, analysis
air particulate filter samples, D4358
basic lead silico-chromate, D1844
leaded zinc oxide, test, D3280
low concentration in paint, D335
paint and dried films, D3618
paint driers, D2374, 564
red lead pigments, test, D49
traffic marking material, D4797
white linseed oil paints, D215
yellow, orange, and green pigments, D126
Lead pigments
See White lead
Lead chromate pigments
Basic lead silicochromate
Red lead
Leaded zinc oxide
Lead silicochromate
See Basic lead silicochromate
 Condensed Index of Committee D-1 Standards
Lead molybdate See Molybdate orange
Lead oxide See Red lead
Leaded zinc oxide, analysis, D3280
Leafing properties
aluminum powders/pastes, D480
Leveling (ropiness) of paints, test, D4062
Lieberman-Storch test
rosin content of varnishes, Dl542
Lightfastness
of printed matter, D3424
of pigments used in Artists' Paints, D4303
Sa Artists' paints
Color retention
Limonite See Ocher
Linseed oil
boiled, specification. D260
raw, specification, D234
Sa Fatty oils
Foots in raw linseed oil
Oil absorbtion (of pigments)
-
Fatty acids tests, specifications
Liquids,
darity/cleanliness, visual, D2090
color, by Gardner scale, Dl544
density and specific gravity, D3505
liquid/solid state, characterization, D4359
Sa Burning characteristics
Magnesium silicate
analysis, D717
specification, D605
Sa Pigments, general properties
Maleic anhydride
color, by platinum cobalt scale, D3366
maleic acid content, D2930
sampling and handling, practice, D3438
specification, D3504
Mandrel bend test
flexibility of organic coatings, D522
Manganese content
of drier, D564,2375
of cellulose pulp, D4085
Mar resistance
under development by DO123
Marine coatings See Antifouling paints
Masonry exposure test panels, prep., D1734
Masonry treatments See Water repellents
MEHQ content
See Methyl ether of hydroquinone
Meier rods See Film applicators
MEK resistance
of ethyl silicate-zinc rich primer, D4752
Menhaden fish oil See Fatty oils
Mercuric oxide
analysis, D284
specification, D911
Mercury content
in mercuric oxide, D284
in paint (low concentrations), D3624
Metal powder pigments
See Aluminum powder and paste
Copper powder
Gold bronze powder
Zinc dust
Metal substrates, coatings on
accelerated outdoor exposure, D4141
adhesion, by cut/tape test, D3359
blistering-evaluation of, D 714
coil coatings, D3794
flexibility/adhesion-deformed,D4145
mandrel bend test, D522
primers, testing practices, D3322
Metamerism, visual evaluation, D4086
Methacrylic acid (glacial 98.5%)
specification, D3845
Methanol (methyl alcohol)
acetone content of, D1612
content, in formaldehyde solutions, D2380
permanganate time, test, D1363
specification, D1152
Methoxyl content
hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, D2363
methylcellulose, D1347
Methoxylhydroxypropyl substitution
by Zeisel-gas chromatography, D3876
Methyl acrylate, specification, D4709
Methyl alcohol, See Methanol
Methyl amyl acetate, D2635
Methyl amyl alcohol
See Methyl isobutyl carbinol
Methyl amyl ketone
purity, by gas chromatography, D3893
Methyl butyl ketone
punty, by gas chromatography, D3893
Methylcellulose
See Cellulose and cellulose derivatives
Methylcyclohexane
purity from freezing point, test, D1016
Methyl esters, fatty acid composition, D1983
preparation from fatty adds,, D3457
preparation from oils, D2800
Methyl ether of hydroquinone (MEHQ) content
of monmomeric acrylate esters, D3125
Methyl ethyl ketone
99.5%grade, spec., D3729
purity, by gas chromatography, D2804
spec., D740
Methyl isoamyl ketone
purity, by chromatography, D3893
spec., D2635
Methyl isobutyl carbinol, spec., D2635
Methyl isobutyl ketone
analysis by gas chromatography, D3329
spec., D1153
Methyl methacrylate
unreacted monomer in latexes, D4827,4747
Methyl n-amyl ketone
98% grade, spec., D4360
Methylol group content
in phenolic resins, test, D4706
Metric practice-SI Units, excerpts, E380
MFFT See Film formation, emulsion vehicles
Mica pigment
analysis, D716
spec., D607
Microbiological attack See Biodeterioration
Microcoulometry See Coulometry
Micro-organism resistance See Biodeterioration
Migration of plasticiser
from vinyl fabrics to lacquers,+est, D2199
Milliequivalency, acid/base
See Electrocoat baths
Milori blue See Iron blue
Mineral (hydrocarbon) oils
moisture content, D890
content in rosin oil, D1131
Mineral spirits
aromatic content, chromatography,D3257
specification, D235
Miniature sandmill method
color and strength of pigments, D3022
Minimum film formation temperature (MFFT)
See Film formation, emulsion vehicles
66 1
Miscibility
lacquer solvents, with heptane, D1476
water soluble solvents, with water, D1722
Mixed aniline point
dipentene/terpene solvents, test, D801
Modulus of elasticity, 2370
Moisture content
blue pigments, D1135
capillary moisture in concrete, D4263
cellulose acetate, test, D871
cellulose, test, D1348
ethylcellulose, test, D914
hygroscopic moisture in pigments, DZ8O
hydroxyethylcellulose, test, D2364
hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, D2363
Karl Fischer method, D4017
lac resins, test, D29
liquid naval stores, D890
methylcellulose, test, D1347
pine oil, D890
pine tars and pine tar oils, test, D856
sodium carboxymethylcellulose, D1439
tall oil, test, D803
Moisture vapor permeability
See Permeability
Mold resistance See Biodeterioration
Molybdate orange
analysis, D126
specification, D2218
Sa Pigments, general properties
Molybdenum content
molybdate orange, D126,2218
Mortar resistance
of clear coatings on aluminum, D3260
Mottling
failure, exterior latex paints, D1848
Mud-cracking
failure, exterior latex paints, D1848
Muller device
color/tinting strength of pigments, D387
Multinotch applicator tests
sag resistance of paints, D4400
leveling of paints, D4062
Multi-panel forms
for recording results, D1150
Munsell color system
specifying color by, D1535
Nacreous pigments, no standard
Naphtha and naphtha derivatives
high-flash aromatic naphthas, D3734
VM&P naphtha, D3735
Sa Hydrocarbon solvents
National Printing Ink Research Institute
NPIRI, See Printing Inks
Naval stores
def. of terms, D804
volatile/nonvolatile content , D4140
water content, D890
S a Terpene solvents
Newtonian liquids
See Viscometers (viscosity)
Nitrocellulose
base solutions, test methods, D365
content in alkyd lacquers, D3133
dilution ratio for solutions, D1720
testing, D301
 Condensed Index of Committee D-1 Standards
Nitrogen content
cellulose nitrate, test D301
nitrogen-containing plastics, D1013
resins and plasticdtotal), test, D1013
Nonleafing aluminum pigment
See Aluminum powder and paste
Nonvolatilelvolatile content
aluminum powders/pastes, D480
coatings, by volume, D2697
driers/naval stores, D4140
emulsions, resin solutions, D4209
guide to test methods, D2832
latices, test, D4758
pigment dispersions, D4139
printing inks/resin solutions, test, D4713
resin solutions, test, D1259
shellac varnish, test, D1650
silane/siloxane masonry treatments, D5095
titanium dioxide slumes, D3926
varnishes, test, D1644
volatile solvents, test, D1353
Notched gages
film thickness measurement, D4414
Notched film applicators
See Multinotch applicator tests
NPIRI See Printinginks
Ocher
analysis, D50
specification, D85
Odor test
volatile solvents and diluents, D1296
Oil absorption (of pigments)
Gardner-Coleman method, D1483
Spatula rub-out test, D281
Oil content
artists' paints, spec., D4302
solvent-borne paints, D2245
Oil resistance
electrical insulating varnish, D115
wood furniture lacquers, D257l
S a Fuel oil resistance
Oils See Fatty oils (Drying oils)
Mineral oil
Pine oil
Rosin oils
Oiticica oil
chloroform-insolubles, D1958
gel time, D1955
specification, D601
Orange pigments
See Molybdate orange
Chrome yellow and orange
Organotin release rate
of anti-fouling paints, D5103
Overbaking (of paintdrelated coatings)
effects of overbaking, D2454
Oxirane
epoxy content of epoxy plastics, D1652
Package stability
coatings for ultraviolet curing, D4144
emulsion paints, biodegradation, D2574
freeze-thaw resistance, D2243
sampling liquid paints, D3925
settling of traffic paint, D869
solvent and water-bome paints, D1849
Paint brushes
preparation for evaluation, D5068
Paint driers
See Driers
Paint inspection
See Inspection of paint application work
Paint thinners See Thinners
Paint rollers, covers
preparation for evaluation, D5069
Panel forms (single/multi),D1150
Panel preparation for tests
See Steel panels
Para (paranitraniline) red
analysis, D970
specification, D475
S a Pigments, general properties
Parisred See Redlead
Paris white See Calcium carbonate
Paris yellow See Chrome yellow and orange
Particle size (analysis/distribution)
coarse particle content, D185
pigments, reporting characteristics, D1366
polymeric powder properties, D3451
white extender pigments, D3360
Pastes in oil (ofpigments)
See Pigment dispersions
Patch test, coating compatability, D5064
Pavement marking paint
See Traffic paint
Pearlescent pigments See Nacreous pigments
Peen plating
See Coatings-mechanically deposited
Pencil test, film hardness, D3363
Pendulum test, hardness of coatings, D4366
Penetration-paint films See Porosity
Pensky-Martens closed, flash point, D93
Pentaerythritol/pentaerythritolcontent
methods for testing, D2195
monopentaerythritol content, D2999
of alkyd resins, D1615
Permanganate time
acetone and methanol, test, D1363
hicresyl phosphate, test, D1721
Permeability, (Permeance, perms)
to moisture vapor, of organic films, D1653
Peroxide content
of styrene monomer, test, D2340
Persian gulf oxide See Iron oxide red
Persoz pendulum test See Hardness
Perspiration resistance
of HIPAC coatings, D3730
Petroleum spirits See Mineral spirits
Pfund gage See Film thickness measurement
Pfund indentation hardness See Hardness
PH
of water solutions, E70
sa AciditylAlkalinityPhenol,
in phenolic resins, D1312
Phenolic resins (Phenol formaldehyde)
apparent pH, D4613
free phenols content, D1312
methylol group determination, D4706
stroke cure time, D4640
volatile content, D4639
Phthalic anhydride
color in molten state, D3366
content in alkyd resins, D563,1306
sampling and handling, D3438
specification, D2403
Phthalocyanine (phthalo) blue
analysis, D1135, D3256
specification, D963
S a Pigments, general properties
Phthalocyanine (phthalo) green
chemical analysis, D3256
specification, D3021
Sa Pigments, general properties
662
Pictorial stds, steel surfaces, D2200
Pigment contentlpaints and dispersions
paint/traffic marking material, D4451
pigment pastes in oil, test, D1208
solvent paints, D237l, 2698
titanium dioxide slurries, D3926
water-based paints, D3723
Pigment-nalysis and specifications
see individual pigment names
Sa Pigments-color categories
White pigments, chemical analysis
Pigments--color categories
See Black pigments
Blue pigments
Brown pigments
Glass beads
Green pigments
Inert pigments (Extenders)
Metal powder pigments
Nacreous pigments
Orange pigments
Red pigments
White hiding pigments
Yellow pigments
Pigments-composition categories
See Earth pigments
Iron oxide pigments
Lead chromate pigments
Chromium pigments
Pigments-function categories
See Anti-corrosion pigments
Anti-fouling pigments
Anti-fungal pigments
Colorant pigments
Extender pigments (inerts)
White hiding pigments
P i g m e n t w e n e r d properties
bleeding characteristics, D279
composition
acidity/alkalinity, Dl208
ignition loss D1208
moisture content, D280, D1208
volatile content, D4139
water soluble salts content, D2448
lightfastness in artist paints, D4303
oil absorption
Gardner-Coleman method, D1483
Spatula, r ~ b - u ptest, D281
particle size
characteristics, reporting of, D1366
course particle content, D185
fineness of dispersion paint, D1210
fineness of grind, printing ink, D1316
particle size distribution, D3360
specific gravity, D153
tinting strength and color
colored pigments -
with mechanical muller, D387
with miniature sand mill, D3022
white pigments-
visual method, D332
instrumental method, D2745
Pigments-in paints and dispersions
See Dispersiordfineness of grind
Lightfastness
Pigment content
Slurries
White pigments,chemical analysis
Pine oil moisture content, D890
sampling/testing, D802
Pine tadpine tar oils
sampling and testing, D856
 Condensed Index of Committee D-1 Standards

Pinholing Propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate Resins,general properties

film failures of exterior latex paints, D1848 PGME acetate, purity, D4773 softening, ring and ball, E28
Plasticizer migration spec., D4835 solubility/range, test, D3132
vinyl fabrics to lacquers, D2199 Propylene glycol, spec., D2695 volatile/nonvolatile, D4209
Plastics volatile resin acids, D3008
coatings for plastic substrates, D3002 water content, Karl Fischer, test, D4017
epoxy content, D1652 Prussian blue See Iron blue
Platinum-robalt solutions, color scale Pull-off strength (bond strength) Resins, various types
See Color See AdhesionlCohesion See Alkyd resins
Polyester resins See alkyds Pull test, static friction, D4518 Amino resins
Polyhexafluoropylene PEP) substrate Pumicelpumice stone/pumacite Epoxy resins
for preparation of free films, D4708 specification, D867 Phenolic resins
Polyhydric alcohols content See Alkyds Purchasing, statelinstitutional, D3927 Rosin
Polymeric powders/powder coatings Rare earths content Shellac (lac)
test procedures, practices, D3451 paint driers, by EDTA method, D3989 Urethanes
Polymerization Raw oils (drying oils) Vinyl resins
cellulose nitrate, test, D1716 See Fatty oils Resistance propertieshesistance to
dipentene/terpene solvents, test, D233 Raw sienndumber See Abrasion resistance
unreacted monomer of latexes, D4747 See Sienna, burnt and raw Acid resistance
Polymerization inhibitors Umber, b u n t and raw Alcohol resistance
butylcatechol in styrene, D2120 Reagent water Alkali resistance
Polymerization time microelectronic processing, spec., D1193 Bleeding
electrical insulating shellac, D411 reagent water, spec., D1193 Biode terioration
Polymers Red copper oxide (77402) See Cuprous oxide Blistering
silicons,silicon content, D3733 Red iron oxide See Iron oxide red Blocking
solubility range, test, D3132 Red lead Checking
Polyurethanes See Urethanes analysis, D49 Chemical resistance
Polyvinyl butyral resins specification, D83 Chip (chipping) resistance
See Resinepolyvinyl butyral S a Pigments, general properties Coffee stains
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Red oxide of mercury See Mercuric oxide Corrosion resistance
chlorine content, test, D1156 Red pigments Cracking (crack resistance)
residual vinyl chloride, D3680 See Iron oxide red (synthetichatural) Detergent resistance
test procedures, guide, D4368 Para (paranitraniline) red Discoloration
Porosity, of paint films, D3258 Red lead Erosion resistance
Potash blue See Iron blue Toluidine red Exposure (weathering)
Powder coatings Venetian red Flaking
See Polymeric powderslpowder coatings Reflectance and reflectivity Fuel oillresistance
Practices gray scale, evaluating color change, D2616 Fungus resistance
See individual standard practices hiding power by reflectometry, D2805 Gas checking
S a Guides for testing instrumental color difference, D2244 Gasoline resistance
Precision See Statistical methods Munsell color system, D1535 Heat resistance
Primers of opaque specimens, E1347 was E97 Household chemicals
ethyl silicate - zinc rich preparation of reflectance standards, E259 Humidity resistance
MEK resistance, cure test, D4752 speafic luminance, traffic coatings, D4061 Impact resistance
formability on steel, D4146 Reflective markers in traffic paint Light resistance
test guide, on preformed metal, D3322 See Glass beads Mar resistance
Primrose chrome/yellow Microbiological attack
See Chrome yellow and orange Refractive index Microorganisms
Print resistance dipentene/ terpenes, D801 Mold resistance
of lacquers, D2091 pine oil (natural/synthetic), DE02 Mortar resistance
of architectural coatings, in preparation turpentine and pinene, test, D233 Oil resistance
Printed matter Over baking
evaluating lightfastness, D3424 Release paper Perspiration resistance
Printing inks and vehicles preparation of free films, D4708 Print resistance
apparent tack, inkometer test, D4361 tensile properties of coatings, D2370 Sagkagging resistance
fineness of grind, NIPIRI method, D1316 Repellents, See Water repellents Salt spray resistance
lightfastness, printed matter, D3424 Reporting paint film failures Scratch See Mar resistance
nonvolatile content, D4713 of exterior latex paints, D1848 Scrub resistance
tinting strength, in prep. Reproducibility and Repeatability Slip resistance
viscosity, by falling-rod, D4040 See Statistical methods Soilldirt resistance
water pick-up, D4942 Solvent resistance
S a Resins, Resin solutions Spattering (spatter resistance)
Stain resistance
1-Propanol See n-Propyl alcohol Resin solutions, general properties Water resistance
2-Propanone See Acetone clarity/deanness, D2090 Wear resistance
Propionyl content cloud point, D5062 Wet abrasion (scrub) resistance
cellulose acetate propionates, DE17 dilutability (solvent tolerance), D5062
Propyl acetate, normal Gardner color scale, D1544
alcohol content/purity, D3545 nonvolatile, ink vehicles, D4713 Retroreflection (horizontal coatings)
90-92%grade, spec., D3130 nonvolatile matter content, test, D1259 traffic paints, specific luminance, D4061
n-Propyl alcohol, spec., D3622 std. color solutions, D365(2), D1209 Rheological propertiednon-Newtonian coatings
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether unsapnifiable matter, D1397 Brookfield viscometer, D2196
PGME, punty, D4773 viscosity, test, D1725 IC1 cone/plate viscometer, D4287
spec., 4837 Sa Viscometers (viscosity)

663
 Condensed index of Committee D.1 Standards

Ring-and-ball apparatus Semi-gloss paints Solvents

softening point, of resins, E28 See Architectural paints and coatings See Solvents-chemical types
Road service testing See Traffic paint Sericite See Mica Solvent resistance
Setaflash tester Solvents, test procedures, general
See Burning Characteristics Solvents-chemical types
Rocker hardness test (Sward) See Hardness Settling See Acetate ester dolvents
Roller application, of paint traffic paint, accelerated, D1309 Alcohol solvents
hiding power,practical, D5150 traffic paint, in containers, D869 Aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents
spatter resistance, D4707 Set-to-touch-time Aromatic hydrocarbon solvents
Rollers, paint See Paint rollers, covers See Drying properties Ester solvents
Ropiness (of paints), See Leveling Sheen See Gloss and Sheen Glycols
Glycol ether aketates
Rosenmund-Kuhnhenn method Glycol ethers (ether-alcohols)
iodine value of drying oils, D1541 Sheet metal (with organic coating) Halogenated sdvents
Rosin flexibility/adhesion of the coating, D4145 Hydrocarbon solvents
acid number, D465 mandrel bend test, D522 Ketone solvents
ash, burning residue Shellac (lac resin) Terpene solvents
iron content, D1064 bleached shellac spec., D207 Solvent resistance
sampling and grading, D509 copal resin content, D29 alcohol, on furniture lacquer, D2571
saponification number, D464 for electrical insulation, D411, 784 gasoline/fuel oil, on traffic paint, D2792
tall oil rosin-fatty acids, D1585 orange shellac and other lacs, spec., D237 MEK, of ethyl silicate primer D4752
unsaponifiable matter, D1065 sampling and testing, D29 Solvents-test procedures, general
toluene insolubles, D2693 shellac varnishes analysis, chromotography, D3271
volatile oil content, D889 sampling and testing, D1650 clarity/cleanness, D2090
volatile resin acids content, D3008 Specification, D360 evaporation rate, 03539
Rosin acid content volatile/non-volatile content, D4209 halogenated, in paints, analysis, D4457
coating vehicles, D1469 hydrocarbon solvents
fatty acids, test, D1240 acidity, test, D1613
rosin oil, test, D1131 aniline point, D611
tall oil, test, D803 SI units (International System of Units) benzene content, D4367
lac resins, test, D29 metric practice, excerpts, E380 Kauri-butanol test, D1133
Lieberman-Storch test, D1542 Sienna (burnt and raw) odor (characteristic/residual), D1296
Rosin esters analysis, D50 samphng/test procedures, D268
rosin acids content, D1469 specification, D765 water content, by Fischer reagent, D1365
Rosin oils, testing of, D1131 Sa Pigments, general properties identification in paint, D2349
Rouge See Ironoxidered Sieve analysis lacquer solvents,heptane miscibility, D1476
Rub-out test (pigments) glass spheres, used in traffic paint, D1214 water miscibility, D1722
See Oil absorption (pigments) pigments, practice for reporting, D1366 Solvent tolerance See Resin solutions
Rusting-degree-photographic standards pigments and dispersions, D185 Soybean oil
on painted steel surfaces, D610 Silanes, siloxanes See Water repellents degummed, specification, D124
Silica, diatomaceous refined, specification, D1462
analysis, D719 S a Fatty oils
specification, D604 Fatty acid tests, specifications
Safflower oil Silicate pigments Spattering (spatter resistance)
specification, D1392 See Aluminum silicate roller application test, D4707
S a Fatty oils Calcium borosilicate Spatula rub-out test
Sag resistance test Calcium silicate See Oil absorption, pigments
Using a multinotch applicator, D4400 Magnesium silicate Specific gravity
Salt spray (fog) resistance Silicone-coated paper of pigments, D153
with acetic acid, 8287, 117 See Release paper Specific luminance, horizontal coating
Sampling Silicone polymers traffic stripe paint, D4061
liquid paints & pigmented coatings, D3925 silicon content by spectrophotometry, D3733 Specific permeability
Sand abrasion test Siloxanes, silanes, see Water repellents See Moisture vapor permeability
falling sand method), D968 Skinning Spectroscopic analysis
Sandstone, architectural See Stability-package acrylic polymer in emulsion paint, D3168
preparatory surface cleaning, D5107 Slip resistance, static friction test, D2518 antimony content (low conc), D3717
Saponification num bedvalue Slurries cellulose nitrate in alkyd lacquers, D3133
drying oils, fatty acids, D1962 titanium dioxide content, D3926 chromium content (low conc), D37l8
lac resins, test, D29 Soapstone See Magnesium silicate diene value, dehydrated castor oil, D1358
rosin, test, D464 identifying separated vehicle solids, D2621
tall oil, test, D803 Softening point lron content (of rosin), D1064
Sa Unsaponifiable matter content organic coatings, test, D2134 lead/cadmium/cobalt, D3335
Saybolt viscometer See Viscosity resins, ring and ball apparatus, E28 lead/chromium in pigment dust, D4358
Scaling See Flaking Soil accumulation, on paint films lead content in paint, D4834
Scattering coefficient degree of surface disfigurement, D3274 mercury content(1ow concentration), D3624
absolute values (hiding power), D2805 Soilldirt resistance (removal) metal content of cellulose pulp, D4085
white pigments, relative values, D2745 practical washability, D4828 sulfur content of cellulosics, D2929
Scratch resistance See Mar resistance SolidlLiquid state, characterization, D4359 titanium dioxide in paint, D45634764
Scrub (wet abrasion) resistance Solids content traffic paint vehicle adulteration, D2743
See Wet abrasion (scrub) resistance See Nonvolatilelvolatile content Specular gloss See Gloss and Sheen
Sealants Solubility tests Spoilage See Biodeterioration
See Caulkinglglazing compounds cellulose in sodium hydroxide, D1696 Package stability
Sealers (floor) cellulose nitrate, D301 Spray application
See Floor paintskoatings solubility range (resins/polymers), D3132 See Transfer efficiency

664
 Condensed Index of Committee D-1 Standards
Spreading rate
See Hiding power of paints
Stability-package See Package stability
Stain resistance
coffee stains, D 2571
of factory applied wood finishes,.D3023
of multicolor lacquers, D2198
of organic finishes, D1308
of transportation industry finishes, D1540
of wood furniture lacquer, D2571
S a Washability, Porosity
Static friction tests (slip resistance)
inclined plane/horizontal pull, D4518
Statistical methods
for interlaboratory testing, E691(3), D3980
Steel blue pigment See Iron blue
Steel surfaces, unpainted
pictorial standards of condition, D2200
profile of abrasive - cleaned steel, D4417
test panels, preparation of, D609
Steel surfaces, painted
See Exposure, accelerated
Exposure, exterior
Stiffness of free films, D2370
Stormer viscosity (consistency)
of paint, D562
of pine tars and pine tar oils, D856
Strip (copper tarnish) test
copper corrosion in petroleum products, D130
Stroke cure time
thermosetting phenolic resins, D4640
Strontium chromate, analysis, D1845
Sa Pigments, general properties
Structural coatings
field identification/analysis, D5043
Sulfide content
white pigment, from paint, D2351
Sulfur content
cellulose materials, D2929
white pigment, from paint, D2352
Sunflower oil
specification, D3169 Sa Fatty oils
Surface analysis
adhesion, tests, D4541
gloss differences, visual evaluation, D4449
gloss goniophotometer, E430
profile, blast cleaned steel, D4417
static friction, D4518
Surface preparation-for painting
abrading of concrete, D4259
acid etching of concrete, D4260
aluminum (hot-dip), D1731
aluminum/aluminum-alloy surfaces, D1730
architectural sandstone, D5107
concrete/masonry panels, Dl734
galvanized steel, non-passivated, D2201
glass panels, D3891
magnesium alloys, D1732
steel test panels, D609
Sustained burning test
Seta-flash tester (open cup), D4206
Wick test, D4207
Sward rocker See Hardness testing
Taber abraser test, See Abrasion resistance
Tack, of printing inks, Inkometer, D4361
Tag cup See Burning Characteristics
Talc See Magnesium silicate
Tall oil, test methods for, D803
Sa Fatty oils
Tall oil rosin
Fatty acids-tests, specifications
Tall oil rosin
fatty acids content, D1585
volatile resin adds content, D3008
Tar See Pine tadpine-tar oils
Temperature tests
freeze-thaw resistance, D2243
low-temperature coalescence, D3793
minimum film formation temp. D2345
Tensile properties, free films, D2370
Terpene solvents
See Dipentene, Pine Oil, Turpentine
Terra alba See Calcium sulfate
Terra de sienna See Sienna (burnt and raw)
Test results See Forms for recording
Testing, interlaboratory practice, D3980
Texture
gloss differences of similar surfaces, D4449
Thermalvoltaic infrared thermometers
See Infra-red pyrometry
Thermistor infrared radiation thermometers
See Infra-red pyrometry
Thermosetting resins
stroke cure time of phenolics, D4640
Thickness-paintshlated coatings
producing uniform films, D823
S a Film thickness measurement
Thinners See Mineral spirits, Turpentine,
V M &P Naphtha
S a Solvents
Thixotropy
rotational (Brookfield) viscometer, D2196
S a Viscometers
Tinting strength
chromatic paints, D4838
printing inks,in prep.
white pigments, instrumental, D2745
white pigments, visual, D332
colored p i e e n t s , D387,3022
S a Pigments, general properties
Titanium dioxide
analysis of and for
anatase/mtile ratio, D3720
atomic absorption spectroscopy,D 4563
by X-ray spectroscopy, D 4764
chemical analysis, D1394
in traffic marking paint, D4797
slurry-solids content, D3926
specification, D476
tinting strength, instrumental, D2745
tinting strength, visual, D332
S a Pigments, general properties
Titer
fatty acids, test, D1982
Toluene
industrial grade, spec. D362
toluene insolubles in rosin, D269
volume and weight calculations, D15555
Toluidine red
analysis, D970
specification, D656
Tooke gage, See Film thickness, dry films
Traffic paint
adulteration of vehicle solids, D2743
bleeding, over tar and asphalt, D969
bleeding, photographic standards D868
conducting road service tests, D7l3
degree of chipping, D913
degree of settling, D869
glass spheres, roundness, D1155
glass spheres, sieve analysis, D1214
fuel oil/solvent resistance, D2792
gasoline resistance, D2792
no-pick-up (drying) time, D711
665
pigment content, by ashing, D4451
practices for testing, D2205
retroreflectance/specificluminance, D4061
settling during storage, D1309
wear life/resistance, D913
Transfer efficiency-spray application
under laboratory conditions, D5009
under production conditions, D5066
Tribasic lead phosphosilicate
analysis, D2742
Specification D2744
Tributyltin See Organotin release rate
Trichloroethane determination
by gas chromatography, D4457
Tricresylp hosphate
permanganate time, D1721
speafication, D363
unsaponifiable matter content, D1399
volatile matter content, D1468
Tristimulus values
-
See Color opaque materials
Tung Oil
gel time, test, D1955
quality determination, D1964
raw, specification, D12
Tunnel method(two foot tunnel)
fire retardancy of paints, D3806
Turbidity
clear liquids, D5180
Sa Clarity
Turkey red See Iron oxide red
Turkish umber See Umber (burnt and raw)
Turpentine
pinene composition, D3009
sampling and testing, D233
specification,.D 13
Two-foot tunnel method
fire retardancy of paints, D3806
Ultramarine blue
analysis, D1135
specification, D262
Ultraviolet-cured coatings
cure time, reporting of, D3732
package stability, D4144
Ultraviolet exposure, D4587
Umber (burnt and raw)
analysis, D50
specification, D763
Units, SI, metric, E380
Unsaturation (in drying oils and derivatives)
Rosenmund-Kuhnhenn method, D1541
Wijs method, D1959
Urea-formaldehyde resin solutions
See Aminoresins
Urethanes
free toluene diisocyanate content, D3432
2-ethoxethyl acetate in, spec., D3728
isocyanate group content, D2572
isocyanate raw materials, D1638
methyl ethyl ketone in, spec., D3729
UV See Ultraviolet-cured coatings
Ultraviolet exposure
Vanadium content
paint driers, EDTA method, D3988
Vapor transmission
See Water Vapor Transmission
 Condensed Index of Committee D-1 Standards
Varnishes
add value, test, D1639
bleached lac vamish, testing, D1650
clarity/cleanness, visual, D2090
def. of term, D16
density, test, D1475
discoloration (light stability), D2620
household chemicals, effect, D1308
elasticity or toughness, D1642
elongation/tensile strength, D2370
exterior durability, test, D1641
drying at room temperature, D1640
flash point, test, D3278
Gardner color scale, D1544(1,2,3)
gas checking and draft test, D1643
humidity resistance, D2247
indentation hardness, test, D1474
moisture vapor permeability, D1663
nonvolatile matter content, D1644
preparation of free films, D4708
preparing glass panels for testing, D3891
preparing steel panels for testing, D609
rosin acids content, D1469
rosin content, Lieberman-Storch, Dl542
rosin content, Halphen-Hicks, Dl542
scrape adhesion test, D2197
selection of test procedures, D154
shellac varnish, testing, D1650
specific gravity at 25/25C, D1963
test environments, D3924
viscosity, diptype viscosity cups, D4212
vlscmity, Ford cup, D1200
volatile/nonvolatile content, D4209
water and alkali resistance, D1647
water immersion test, D870
weathering tests on wood, D358
wet film thickness, D1212,4414
Vehicles, solvent type, pigmented
centrifuge for pigment content, D2371,2698
centrifuge for vehicle separation, D2372
non-volatile content, printing inks, D4713
solids identification, infra-red, D2621
Venetian red, analysis, D5O
5' a Pigments, general properties
Vinyl acetate
acetaldehyde content, D2191
acidity, test, D2086
hydroquinone content, D2193
specification, D2190
Vinyl chloride monomer (residual) content
in polyvinyl chloride resins
Vinyl resins
polyvinyl butyral, D1396
polyvinyl chloride, D4368
Viscometers (viscosity)
ball drop method, cellulose, D1343
Brookfield (rotational), D2196
bubble time, clear liquids, D1545
dip t y p viscosity cups, D4212
falling rod (printing inks/vehicles), D4040
Ford cups (paints/varnishes), Dl200
Gardner-Holdt, D803
IC1 cone/plate (high shear), D4287
IS0 flow cups, D5125
Saybolt, D856
Stormer (Krebs units), D856
Weissenberg, rheogoniometer, D3451
Zahn cups (coil coatings), D3794
VM &-P Naphtha
specification, D3735
VOC (Volatile organic compounds)
paints and related coatings, D3960
automotive coatings, abatement, D5087
Volatile liquids
rate of evaporation, D3539
S a Solvents
Volatile matter content
S e e Nonvolatilelvolatile content
Volatile organic compounds (VOC, D3960
Wick test (low viscosity mixtures), D4207
Washability, of architectural paints
soilant - mechanical washing, D3450
stains & soilants - practical test, D 4828
S a Wet abrasion (scrub) resistance
Water-high-purityheagent-grade
reagent water, spec., D1193
Water-borne paints
See Architectural paints
Artists' paints
Industrial finishes
Water colors See Artists' paints
Water content-paintshelated materials
by gas chromatography, D3792
by iodine reagent method, D1631
crude cresylic acid, D3439
fatty nitrogen compounds, D2072
in compressed air, D4285
Karl Fischer reagent method, D4017
liquid naval stores, D890
petroleum products, by distillation, D95
pigments, and pigment pastes, D1208
solvents, by Fischer reagent method, D1364
terpene solvents, D890
Water fog test, organic coatings, D1735
Water immersion test
paints on steel, D870
Water miscibility See Miscibility
Water pickup test
See PrintingInks
Water-reducible coatings
indusbial type, testing guide, D47l2
Water repellents
for wood, evaluation of, method in prep.
masonry treahncnts,silane,non vol,D5095
qualitative test for in wood, D2921
Water resistance of coatings
boiling water, of fumiture lacquer, D257l
controlled condensation, D4585
of varnishes, D1647
water-fog test, D1735
water immersion test, D870
S a Humidity resistance
Water-soluble matter, content
dry pigments, DIZO8,2448
lac resins, D29
pigments (lead chromate type), D126
salt content, blue pigments, D1135
salt content of pigments, D2448
Water spottingexterior latex paints,D1848
Water vapor transmission, D1653
Wear resistance (Wear life)
of traffic paint, D913
S a Abrasion resistance
Weathering See Exposure
Weatherometer, See Exposure-accelerated
Weissenberg rheogoniometer test
viscosity of powder coatings, D3451
Wet abrasion (scrub) resistance
scrub-to-failure method, D2486
weight loss method, D4213
Wet film thickness gages
S e e Film thickness gages, wet film
666
Wet ground muscovite mica See Mica
Wet-to-dry hiding change of paints, D5009
White architectural enamels
See Architectural paints and coatings
White extender pigments
S e e Extender pigments
White hiding pigments
See Antimony oxide
Basic carbonate of white lead
Basic sulfate white lead
Titanium dioxide
Zinc oxide
Zinc sulfide
S a White pigments, chemical analysis
Pigments, general properties
White lead
See Basic carbonate of white lead
Basic sulfate of white lead
White pigments, analysis
extracted from paint
antimony oxide content, D2350
combined sulfur, D2351, D2352
general, D215 (01)
guide, practices and methods, list, D34
Sa Extender pigments
Titanium dioxide
White hiding pigments
White zinc See Zinc oxide
Whiting See Calcium carbonate
Wick test See Burning Characteristics
Wijs procedure-iodine value
drying oils and derivatives, D1959
fatty amines/diamines, test, D2075
Wire-wound drawdown bar (Meier rod)
coating application method, D4147
Wolfe-potentiometric method
fatty acids in tall oil rosin, D1585
Wood
chlorinated phenol in, test for, D2921
exposure tests on wood, D1006
panels for weathering tests, D358
water repellents for, under development
water repellents in, test for, D2921
Wood finishes
blocking test, D2793
dry film thickness, D2691, D5235
exposure tests, practices, D1006
factory applied:
liquid/fresh film, properties, D2336
factory primed, durability tests, D2830
humid-dry cycling, D3459
preservative, chlorinated phenol, D2921
temperature of coating cure cycle, D3259
weathering tests, panels for, D358
S a Factory applied finishes
Woodrosin, See Rosin
Wood sash glazing compounds
See Caulking/glazing/sealant compounds
Wood turpentine, See Turpentine
Xenon lamps
exposure, nonmetallic materials, G26
lightfastness of pigments, D4303
Xylene
ten-degree, spec.,D846 ~~ -
Yellow ocher See Ocher
Yellow pigments
See Basic lead silicochromate
Chrome yellow
Iron oxide yellow
Ocher
Strontium chromate
Zinc chromate
 Condensed Index of Committee D-1 Standards

Zahn viscometers See Viscometers

Zeisel technique, chromatography,
ethoxyl substitution, D4794
methoxyl hydroxypropyl sub., ,D3876
Zinc chromate
analysis, D444
specification, D478
S a Pigments, general properties
Zinc-coated (galvanized) surfaces
preparation for painting, D2092
Zinc content
driers, EDTA method, D2613
white linseed oil paints, D215
white zinc pigments, D3280
zinc dust pigment, D521
zinc hydroxy phosphite, D4450
Zincdriers See Driers
Zinc dust pigment'
analysis, D521
specification, D520
Zinc hydroxy phosphite
analysis, D4450
specification, D4462
Zinc oxide
analysis, D3280
specification, D79
S a Pigments, general properties
Zinc-rich primer, See Primers
Zinc sulfide
analysis, D3280
specification, D477
S a Pigments, general properties
Zinc white See Zinc oxide
Zinc yellow See Zinc chromate
Zirconium drier, See Driers

667
 ANNUAL BOOK OF ASTM STANDARDS

Index

Section 6
APPEARANCE
AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
DURABILITY OF NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
PAINTS AND RELATED COATINGS, MATERIALS, AND APPLICATIONS
PROTECTIVE COATING AND LINING WORK FOR POWER GENERATION FACILITIES

This index covers the standards, and related material appearing in Volumes 06.01, 06.02, and 06.03. The boldface references are to the
ASTM designations; the standards appear in each volume in alphanumeric order. Proposed methods and specifications carry the index
reference, “(Proposed)”; they appear, as does other ancillary material, in the Related Material (gray-edged) section in the back of the book.
A triangle (A) preceding the ASTM designation denotes that Adjunct Material for the standard is published separately; the Adjunct No. is
given in the standard. A Combined Index, covering the standards appearing in all volumes of the 1993Annual Book of ASTM Standards, is
issued as Volume 00.01.
Alphabetization in the index is letter-for-letter, with no consideration to punctuation or word division. Initial prepositions of (indented)
subentries are ignored for alphabetization.
In the preparation of indexes, every attempt has been made to index standards on three levels: (1) by main subject, using general and
specific search terms; (2) by test methods or other significant sections of ASTM standards; and (3) by cross-references to locate main subject
entry terms. (See also references are abbreviated as Sa and appear under main entry terms.) Specification F45 1, for Acrylic Bone Cements
(Volume 13.0 l), illustrates ASTM’s method of indexing.

INDEX TERMS FOR MAIN SUBJECT INDEX TERMS FOR TESTS

ENTRY Compressive strength
acrylic bone cements, test, F 451
Adhesives-surgical implant materials Doughing time
acrylic bone cements (for internal orthopedic prostheses), acrylic bone cements, test, F 451
self-curing, spec., F 451 CROSS-REFERENCES
Orthopaedic medical devices-bone Bone-cement
See Adhesives-surgical implant materials
acrylic bone cements (for internal orthopedic prostheses), Fixation materials
self-curing, spec., F 451 Sa Orthopaedic medical devices (headings)

669
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
A Accelerated testing-pipeline coatings
Ablative antifouling paint systems
See Antifouling coating system
Abrading
abrading concrete, practice, D 4259 (06.02)
Abrasion resistance
interior paints-wet abrasion resistance to scrubbing, test,
D 4213 (06.02)
organic coatings-abrasion resistance, by air blast abrasive, test,
A D 658 (06.01)
organic coatings-abrasion resistance, by falling abrasive, test,
D 968 (06.01)
organic coatings-abrasion resistance, by Taber abraser, test,
D 4060 (06.01)
pipeline coatings (steel)-abrasion resistance, by coarse
abrasive/water slurry, test, G 6 (06.02)
printed matter-abrasion resistance, by GA-CAT tester,
D 5181 (06.02)
scrub-to-failure of interior latex flat wall paints, test,
D 2486 (06.02)
Abrasives/abrasivity
abrasive blast-cleaned steel surfaces-surface profile, field
measurement in laboratory/field/fabricatingshop, test,
D 4417 (06.02)
blasting abrasives-water soluble ionic contamination, by
conductimetric analysis, test, D 4940 (06.02)
pipeline coatings (steel)-abrasion resistance, by coarse
abrasive/water slurry, test, G 6 (06.02)
Absolute luminance
obtaining colorimetric data from video display unit, by
spectroradiometry, method, E 1336 (06.01)
obtaining spectroradiometric data from radiant sources for
colorimetry, practice, E 1341 (06.01)
Absorption
gloss differences-surfaces of similar appearance, visual
evaluation, test, D 4449 (06.01)
Absorption spectroscopy
lead content in paint, by direct aspiration atomic absorption
spectroscopy, test, D 4834 (06.01)
Absorptive coatings
relative tinting strength of chromatic paints, test, D 4838 (06.02)
Accelerated testing-building materials
atmospheric environmental exposure testing of nonmetallic
materials practice, G 7 (06.01)
carbon-arc light-exposure apparatus-nonmetallic materials,
operating with/without water, practice, G 23 (06.01)
developing short-term tests for predicting service life of building
components/materials, practice, E 632 (06.01)
performing accelerated outdoor weathering of nonmetallic
materials, using concentrated natural sunlight, practice,
G 90 (06.01)
Accelerated testing-paints/related coatings/materials
coatings (applied to metal substrates), practice, D 4141 (06.01)
edge performance of composite wood products under surfactant
accelerated moisture stress, test, D 2065 (06.02)
filtered open flame carbon-arc light/water exposure apparatus-
paints and related coatings/materials, conducting
accelerated tests (using G 23), practice, D 822 (06.01)
interior paints-wet abrasion resistance to scrubbing, test,
D 4213 (06.02)
latex vehicles-nonvolatile content,quality control test,
D 4758 (06.03)
painted/coated specimens-corrosive environments, evaluation,
method, D 1654 (06.01)
printed matter-lightfastness/weatherability, by natural
daylight/laboratory exposures, test, D 3424 (06.02)
wood used as panels in weathering tests of coatings, spec.,
D 358 (06.02)
670
evaluating pipeline coating patch materials, test, G 55 (06.02)
pipeline coatings-cathodic disbonding, accelerated procedures,
test, G 8 (06.02)
pipeline coatings-penetration resistance, by blunt rod test,
G 17 (06.02)
pipeline coatings (steel)-abrasion resistance, by coarse
abrasive/water slurry, test, G 6 (06.02) -
specific cathodic disbonding of pipeline coatings, test,
G 80 (06.02)
Accelerated testing-salt spray (fog) testing
salt spray (fog) testing, method, B 117 (06.01)
Accelerated testing-wood products
wood used as panels in weathering tests of coatings, spec.,
D 358 (06.02)
Acetaldehyde (AA)
Sa Aldehydes
acetaldehyde content of vinyl acetate, test, D 2191 (06.04)
acetaldehyde, spec., D 4710 (06.04)
vinyl acetate (refined)/acetaldehyde-total acidity, test,
D 2086 (06.04)
Acetate esters
acetate esters-alcohol content/purity, by gas chromatography,
test, D 3545 (06.04)
Acetic acid content
cellulose acetate, test, D 871 (06.03)
Acetic acid (glacial)
formic acid in glacial acetic acid, test, D 3546 (06.04)
glacial (99.8 %) acetic acid (for use in paint/varnish/
lacquer/related products), spec., D 3620 (06.04)
Acetone
acetone-alkalinity, calculated as ammonia (NH,), test,
D 1614 (06.04)
acetone in methanol (methyl alcohol), test, D 1612 (06.04)
acetone/methanol-permanganate time, test, D 1363 (06.04)
acetone, spec., D 329 (06.04)
acetone tolerance of heat-bodied drying oils, test,
D 1950 (06.03)
phenol-formaldehyde resins (water-insoluble)-apparent pH,
test, D 4613 (06.03)
Acetophenone
phenol-major organic impurities produced by cumene process,
using gas chromatography, test, D 4961 (06.04)
Acetyl content
acetone in methanol (methyl alcohol), test, D 1612 (06.04)
apparent acetyl content of cellulose acetate proprionatel
butvrate. test. A D 817 106.031
I , ~ \ - - -
combinid acetyl/acetic acid conteh of cellulose acetate, test,
D 871 (06.03)
Acetylene black
See Carbon black (headings)
Acid content
acid/base milliequivalent content of (anodic/cathodic)
electrocoat baths/their ultrafiltrates, test, D 4370 (06.01)
Acid-insoluble extenders
acid-insoluble extenders in (iron/copper phthalocyanine/
ultramarine) blue pigments, test, D 1135 (06.01) ___
Acidity, alkalinity, pH-paints/related coatings/materials
acetaldehyde, spec., D 4710 (06.04)
acetone-alkalinity, calculated as ammonia (NH,), test,
D 1614 (06.04)
acid/amine value of fatty quaternary ammonium chlorides, test, _.
D 2081 106.031
acid/base mifliequikalent content of (anodic/cathodic)
electrocoat baths/their ultrafiltrates, test, D 4370 (06.01)
benzene/toluene/xylenes/solventnaphthas/aromatic
hydriocarbons-acidity, test, D 847 (06.04)
cellulose acetate propionates/butyrate, test, A D 817 (06.03)
cellulose acetate, test, D 871 (06.03)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Air particulate filter samples
chemically cleaned/etched concrete surfaces-pH, test, Adhesion
D 4262 (06.02) evaluating pipeline coating patch materials, test, G 55 (06.02)
electrocoat baths-apparent pH, test, D 4584 (06.01) Adhesion-paints/related coatings/materials
ethylcellulose, test, D 914 (06.03) clear/pigmented organic coatings, test, D 1308 (06.02)
formaldehyde solutions, test, D 2379 (06.04) factory-primed wood products (with representative finish
hydrogen sulfide/sulfur dioxide (qualititative) of industrial coats)-durability/compatibility, test, D 2830 (06.02)
aromatic hydrocarbons, test, D 2363 (06.03) high-performance interior architectural wall coatings (HIPAC),
methyl acrylate, spec., D 4709 (06.04) test, D 3730 (06.02)
methylcellulose, test, D 1347 (06.03) organic coatings-adhesion to plastic substrates, by direct
moisture content of pigments, D 1208 (06.03) tensile testing, D 5179 (06.01)
phenol-formaldehyde resins (water-insoluble)-apparent pH, organic coatings-adhesion to smooth flat (planar) panel
test, D 4613 (06.03) surfaces, by scrape adhesion test, D 2197 (06.01)
vinyl acetate (refined)/acetaldehyde-total acidity, test, organic coatings-mar resistance, using balanced beam scrape
D 2086 (06.04) adhesion and mar test, D 5178 (06.01)
volatile solvents/chemical intermediates-total acidity, test, organic coatings on prepainted deformed metallic sheets, test,
D 1613 (06.04) D 4145 (06.02)
painted/coated specimens-corrosive environments, evaluation,
Acidity, alkalinity, pH-plastics method, D 1654 (06.01)
cellulose acetate propionates/butyrate, test, A D 817 (06.03) pull-off strength of coatings, using portable adhesion testers,
Acid number test, D 4541 (06.02)
Sa Saponification number/value zinc-rich primer/chromate complex coatings (on steel), test,
naval stores-acid number, incl. tall oil/wood and gum D 4146 (06.02)
rosin/related products, test, D 465 (06.03) Adhesive bonding
rosin oil, test, D 1131 (06.03) thermoplastic traffc marking materials-bond strength, using
tall oil-testing, methods, D 803 (06.03) cement bricks/steel cubes, test, D 4796 (06.02)
turpentine-sampling/testing, methods, D 233 (06.03) Adhesives
Acid phthalic anhydride amount of liquid separated as upper layer from a viscous
See Phthalic anhydride solution/dispersion containing dispersed solids, test,
Acid resistance D 4948 (06.01)
commercial hexanes, spec., D 1836 (06.04)
acid/mortar resistance of factory-applied clear coatings on
extruded aluminum products, test, D 3260 (06.02) Adhesives-structural
trace amounts of peroxides in organic solvents (with active
Acid-soluble extenders oxygen in range 25-80 ppm), test, E 299 (06.04)
acid-soluble extenders in (iron/copper phthalocyanine/ Adulteration
ultramarine) blue pigments, test, D 1135 (06.01) See Purity
Acid value Aerosol containers/products
acid/amine value of fatty quaternary ammonium chlorides, test, See Containers-aerosol
D 2076 (06.03) Aeroso1s
acid value of organic coating materials, test, D 1639 (06.03) aerosol paints (water-borne)-volatile content by weight
fatty acids and polymerized fatty acids, test, D 1980 (06.03) percent, test, D 5325 (06.01)
lac resins (orange shellac and button-/garnet-/bleached- African ocher
lac)/-sampling/testing, D 29 (06.03) See Ocher
Acid wash color Aged coatings
aromatic hydrocarbons/related chemicals, terminology, aged coatings on steel surfaces-visual assessment, guide,
D 4790 (06.04) D 5065 (06.02)
Acoustical materials/tests Aggregate
luminous reflectance factor of acoustical materials, by use of pipeline coatings-impact resistance, by limestone drop test,
integrating sphere reflectometers, test, E 1477 (06.01) G 13 (06.02)
Acrylate esters Air blast abrasion tester
purity, by gas chromatography, test, D 3362 (06.04) organic coatings-abrasion resistance, by air blast abrasive, test,
A D 658 (06.01)
Acrylic acid
acrylic acid dimer in acrylic acid/unsaturated organic acids, test, Air blast cleaning
D 4415 (06.04) oil/water presence in compressed air (used for coating
glacial acrylic acid (99.0 % grade), spec., D 4416 (06.04) application/air blast cleaning/abrasive blast cleaning), test,
D 4285 (06.02)
Acrylic latex paints Air-cooled xenon-arc lamp
Sa Latex paints operating light-exposure apparatus (xenon-arc type) with/
artists’ acrylic emulsion paints, spec., D 5098 (06.02) without water for exposure of nonmetallic materials,
artists’ paints (oil/resin-oil/alkyd), spec., D 4302 (06.02) practice, G 26 (06.01)
preparing drawdowns of artists’ paste paints, practice, Air dry coatings
D 4941 (06.02) latex vehicles-nonvolatile content,quality control test,
water content of water-reducible paints, by direct injection into D 4758 (06.03)
gas chromatograph, test, D 3792 (06.01) Airless spray applications
Acrylic polymer content Sa Spray-applied coatings
qualitative identification of polymers in emulsion paints, by industrial water-reducible coatings (pigmented/clear)-selecting
infrared analysis/pyrolysis-gas liquid chromatography, test procedures, guide, D 4712 (06.02)
practice, D 3168 (06.01) Air particulate filter samples
Active oxygen content-organic solvents lead/chromium content (in air particulate filter samples of lead
trace amounts of peroxides in organic solvents (with active chromate type pigment dusts), by atomic absorption
oxygen in range 25-80 ppm), test, E 299 (06.04) spectroscopy, test, D 4358 (06.01)

67 1
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Alcohol-benzene-soluble content
Alcohol-benzene-soluble content Alumina
alcohol-benzene soluble matter in cellulose, test, D 1794 (06.03) acid-soluble extenders in (iron/copper phthalocyanine/
Alcohol content ultramarine) blue pigments, test, D 1135 (06.01)
acetate esters-alcohol content/purity, by gas chromatography, alumina/iron oxide in magnesium silicate pigment, test,
test, D 3545 (06.04) D 717 (06.01)
polyhydric alcohols in alkyd resins, qualitative analysis, test, Alumina hydrate
D 2998 (06.03) acid-insoluble extenders in (iron/copper phthalocyanine/
Alcohol resistance ultramarine) blue pigments, test, D 1135 (06.01) -
wood furniture lacquers, test, D 2571 (06.02) Aluminum
Alcohols (Cd-C13) acid/mortar resistance of factory-applied clear coatings on
plasticizer grade, chemical/physical analysis (selection/use of test extruded aluminum products, test, D 3260 (06.02)
procedures), E 852 (06.04) preparation of aluminum/aluminum-alloy surfaces (for
Aldehydes painting), practice, D 1730 (06.02)
aldehydes/ketones-purity, test, D 2192 (06.04) preparation of hot-dip aluminum surfaces (for painting),
aldehydes in styrene monomer, test, D 2119 (06.04) practice, D 1731 (06.02)
Algae Aluminum alloys
algal resistance of plastic films, practice, G 29 (06.01) preparation of aluminum/aluminum-alloy surfaces (for
presence of and removing microbial (fungal/algal) growth on painting), practice, D 1730 (06.02)
paint/related coatings, guide, D 4610 (06.01) preparation of hot-dip aluminum surfaces (for painting),
Aliphatic hydrocarbons practice, D 1731 (06.02)
See Hydrocarbons-aliphatic Aluminum coatings
Alkaline cresylate solutions See Coatings-aluminum
cresylic acid content (of alkaline cresylate solutions), chemical Aluminum oxide (A1203) content
analysis, D 3439 (06.04) aluminum oxide in aluminum silicate (hydrous/anhydrous)
Alkaline earth carbonates pigment, test, D 718 (06.01)
acid-insoluble extenders in (iron/copper phthalocyanine/ aluminum oxide in titanium dioxide (TiO,) pigments, test,
ultramarine) blue pigments, test, D 1135 (06.01) D 1394 (06.01)
Alkalinity Aluminum potassium silicate
acetone-alkalinity, calculated as ammonia (NH,), test, See Mica pigment
D 1614 (06.04) Aluminum powder and paste
Alkali resistance Sa Pigments (headings)
clear/pigmented organic coatings, test, D 1308 (06.02) aluminum powder/paste pigments for paints, spec.,
dried varnish films, test, D 1647 (06.03) D 962 (06.03)
Alkyds/alkyd resins sampling/testing flaked aluminum powders/pastes, methods,
Sa Solvent-reducible paints/coatings D 480 (06.03)
alkyd resins-selection of test methods, practice, D 2689 (06.03) Aluminum reduction method
artists' paints (oil/resin-oil/alkyd), spec., D 4302 (06.02)
carboxylic acids identification-alkyd resins, method, total titanium in white titanium pigments, by aluminum
D 2455 (06.03) reduction method, test, D 1394 (06.01)
dichloromethane/ 1,1,1 -trichloroethane content-paints/coatings, Aluminum silicate pigments
by direct injection gas chromatography, test, aluminum silicate (hydrous/anhydrous) pigment, analysis, test,
D 4457 (06.01) D 718 (06.01)
fatty acid content, test, D 1398 (06.03) aluminum silicate pigments (anhydrous), spec., D 3619 (06.03)
glycerol/ethylene glycol/pentaerythritol in alkyd resins, test, aluminum silicate pigments (hydrous), spec., D 603 (06.03)
D 1615 (06.03) American turpentine
industrial water-reducible coatings (pigmented/clear)-selecting See Turpentine
test procedures, guide, D 4712 (06.02) Amidoamines
isophthalic acid content of alkyd/polyester resins, test,
D 2690 (06.03) See Fatty amidoamines
naval stores-unsaponifiable matter, incl. rosin/tall oil/related Amine resins
products, test, D 1397 (06.03) Sa Resins (headings)
pentaerythritol (for alkyd/synthetic resins), test, D 2195 (06.04) amine resins-solvent tolerance, test, D 1198 (06.03)
phthalic anhydride content (in absence of dibasic acids), test, Amines
D 563 (06.03) See Fatty amines
phthalic anhydride content (in presence of dibasic acids), by Amines content
gravimetric test, D 1306 (06.03) percent of amines (primary/secondary/tertiary) in fatty amines,
polyhydric alcohols identification-alkyd resins, qualitative/ test, D 2083 (06.03)
quantitative analysis, test, D 2456 (06.03)
polyhydric alcohols in alkyd resins, qualitative analysis, test, Amine value
D 2998 (06.03) acid/amine value of fatty quaternary ammonium chlorides, test,
rosin acids content, test, D 1469 (06.03) D 2076 (06.03)
silicon content of silicone polymers/silicone modified alkyds, by Amine values (total/primary/secondary/tertiary)
atomic absorption spectrophotometry, test, D 3733 (06.03) fatty amines/amidoamines/diamines, by referee potentiometric
specific gravity at 25/25"C, test, D 1963 (06.03) method, test, D 2073 (06.03)
All-day testing fatty amines, by alternative indicator method, test,
See Twenty-four hour testing D 2074 (06.03)
Alternative indicator method Aminolysis
total, primary, secondary, and tertiary amine values of fatty polyhydric alcohols identification-alkyd resins, qualitative/
amines, test, D 2074 (06.03) quantitative analysis, test, D 2456 (06.03)

672
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Amino resins
amino resins, selecting test procedures, practice, D 4277 (06.03)
free formaldehyde content of amino resins, test, D 1979 (06.03)
Ammonium hydroxide content
ammonium hydroxide group (alumina/iron oxide) in
magnesium silicate pigment, test, D 717 (06.01)
Amyl acetate
primary (synthetic) amyl acetate (98 % grade), spec.,
D 3540 (06.04)
Amyl alcohol (synthetic)
amyl alcohol (synthetic), spec., D 319 (06.04)
Anatase-rutile ratio
ratio of anatase to rutile in titanium dioxide (TiO,) pigments,
by x-ray diffraction, test, D 3720 (06.01)
Anchor pattern
abrasive blast-cleaned steel surfaces-surface profile, field
measurement in laboratory/field/fabricating shop, test,
D 4417 (06.02)
Angle of incidence
gloss differences-surfaces of similar appearance, visual
evaluation, test, D 4449 (06.01)
Angular deviation
crystallographic axes/contrast ratio of a Pockels cell electro-optic
crystal (in longitudinal mode), test, F 741 (06.01)
Aniline
industrial grade aniline, spec., D 3264 (06.04)
nitrobenzene in aniline, test, D 4589 (06.04)
sampling and handling aniline, practice, D 3436 (06.04)
Aniline point
aniline point/mixed aniline point of petroleum products/
hydrocarbon solvents, test, D 611 (06.04)
dipentene/related terpene solvents-aniline point, method,
D801 (06.03)
Animal black
See Bone black
ANSI replacement standards
use of protective coating standards in nuclear power plants,
selecting ASTM standards, guide, D 5144 (06.02)
Anti-corrosion pigments-basic lead silicochromate
basic lead silicochromate pigment, spec., D 1648 (06.03)
chromium trioxide content of basic lead silico-chromate
pigment, test, D 1844 (06.01)
Anti-corrosion pigments-red lead
lead peroxide/true red lead content of dry red lead pigments,
test, D 49 (06.01)
red lead pigment, spec., D 83 (06.03)
Anti-corrosion pigments-strontium chromate
strontium chromate pigment-chemical analysis, test,
D 1845 (06.01)
strontium chromate pigment, spec., D 1649 (06.03)
Anti-corrosion pigments-zinc chromate
analysis, D 444 (06.01)
zinc yellow (zinc chromate) pigments, spec., D 478 (06.03)
Anti-corrosion pigments-zinc hydroxy phosphite
analysis, D 4450 (06.01)
zinc hydroxy phosphite pigment, spec., D 4462 (06.03)
Antifouling coating system
erosion testing of antifouling paints, using high velocity water,
test, D 4938 (06.02)
organotin release rates of antifouling coating systems in sea
water, using graphite furnace atomic absorption
spectrophotometry (GF-AAS), test, D 5108 (06.02)
shallow submergence test, D 3623 (06.02)
subjecting marine antifouling coating to bifouling and fluid
shear forces in natural seawater, test, D 4939 (06.02)
Antifouling paint pigments-copper powder
chemical analysis of cuprous oxide/copper pigments, test,
D 283 (06.01)
copper powder (for antifouling paints), spec., D 964 (06.03)
673
Appearance of materials
Antifouling paint pigments-cuprous oxide
chemical analysis of cuprous oxide/copper pigments, test,
D 283 (06.01)
cuprous oxide (for antifouling paints), spec., D 912 (06.03)
Antifouling paint pigments-mercuric oxide
analysis, D 284 (06.01)
mercuric oxide for use in antifouling paints, spec.,
D 911 (06.03)
Antimony content
antimony content (low concentrations) in solids of liquid
coatings/dried films, by atomic absorption spectroscopy,
test, D 3717 (06.01)
Antimony oxide
antimony content (low concentrations) in solids of liquid
coatings/dried films, by atomic absorption spectroscopy,
test, D 3717 (06.01)
antimony oxide content of white pigment (separated from
solvent-type paints), test, D 2350 (06.01)
Anti-sag meter
sag resistance-liquid coatings (aqueous/nonaqueous), using
multinotch applicator, test, D 4400 (06.02)
Apparent acetyl content
apparent acetyl content of cellulose acetate proprionate/
butyrate, test, A D 817 (06.03)
combined acetyl/acetic acid content of cellulose acetate, test,
D 871 (06.03)
Apparent tack '
apparent tack of printing inks/vehicles, by inkometer, test,
D 4361 (06.02)
Appearance of materials
appearance (of objects/materials/light sources), terminology,
E 284 (06.01)
architectural coatings (solvent-borne interior/exterior), selecting
test methods, index, D 5146 (06.02)
bleeding characteristics, of dry pigments, test, D 279 (06.01)
blistering (of paints/related coatings), A D 714 (06.01)
chalking (of white/lightly tinted exterior paint films), practice,
A D 4214 (06.01)
checking (of exterior paints), test, A D 660 (06.01)
clarity/cleanness of (nonpigmented) paint and ink liquids, by
visual examination, test, D 2090 (06.03)
clear/pigmented organic coatings, test, D 1308 (06.02)
cracking (of exterior paints), test, A D 661 (06.01)
degree of rusting on painted steel surfaces, method, A D 610
(06.02)
description/selection of conditions (for photographing
specimens), practice, E 312 (06.01)
erosion (of exterior paints), A D 662 (06.01)
evaluating degree of bleeding of traffic/pavement marking paint,
test, A D 868 (06.02)
extenor paints-degree of flaking (scaling), test, A D 772 (06.01)
gas checking/draft test (of varnish films), D 1643 (06.03)
goniophotometry of objects/materials, practice, E 167 (06.01)
hiding power of paints, by reflectometry, test, A D 2805 (06.01)
hiding power (relative)-paints/coatings, visual examination of
brushouts, test, D 344 (06.01)
industrial water-reducible coatings (pigmented/clear)-selecting
test procedures, guide, D 4712 (06.02)
laboratory evaluation of degree of bleeding of traffic/pavement
marking paint, test, D 969 (06.02)
metamerism, visual evaluation, D 4086 (06.01)
observers-selection/evaluation/training, guide, E 1499 (06.01)
preparing drawdowns of artists' paste paints, practice,
D 4941 (06.02)
printing inks/ink films/related materials, selecting test methods,
guide, D 5010 (06.02)
selection of geometric conditions for measurement of
reflection/transmission properties of materials, practice,
E 179 (06.01)
selection/preparation of coating specimens, practice,
D 3964.(06.01)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Application properties
Application properties
industrial water-reducible coatings (pigmented/clear)-selecting
test procedures, guide, D 4712 (06.02)
Application viscosity (for paints/related products)
high shear viscosity (of paints/varnishes/related products), by
IC1 cone/plate viscometer, test, D 4287 (06.01)
Aqueous coatings
sag resistance-liquid coatings (aqueous/nonaqueous), using
multinotch applicator, test, D 4400 (06.02)
Aqueous leachates (in pigments)
water-soluble salts in pigments, by measuring specific resistance
of pigment leachate, test, D 2448 (06.03)
Aqueous slurries
See Slurries
Architectural paints/coatings
architectural coatings (solvent-borne interior/exterior), selecting
test methods, index, D 5146 (06.02)
architectural coatings (solvent-/water-thinned), selecting test
methods, index, D 2833 (06.02)
architectural coatings (water-borne)-selecting test procedures,
for interior/exterior use, guide, D 5324 (06.02)
architectural paints-hiding power, applied by roller, test,
D 5150 (06.02)
blocking resistance ’of trade sales paints, test, D 4946 (06.02)
high-performance interior architectural wall coatings
(H1PAC)-selecting test procedures, guide, D 3730 (06.02)
interior latex semigloss/gloss paints, selecting test methods,
guide, D 4540 (06.02)
leveling-paints (water-/solvent-reducible), by draw-down
method, test, D 4062 (06.02)
practical washability of organic coatings, test, D 4828 (06.02)
print resistance of architectural paints, test, D 2064 (06.02)
wet-to-dry hiding change of architectural coatings, test,
D 5007 (06.02)
Architectural sandstone
preparatory surface cleaning of architectural sandstone, practice,
D 5107 (06.02)
Aromatic hydrocarbons
See Hydrocarbons (headings)
Aromatic potentiometer titrator
acid/base milliequivalent content of (anodic/cathodic)
electrocoat baths/their ultrafiltrates, test, D 4370 (06.01)
Aromatics content/fractions
aromatics (ethylbenzene and eight-carbon (C,/heavier) content
in mineral spirits, by gas chromatography, test,
D 3257 (06.04)
chemical analysis of benzene, by gas chromatography. test,
D 4492 (06.04)
Arsenic content
arsenic in paint, test, D 2348 (06.01)
Arsenic trisulfide
See Orpiment content
Artificial weathering
nonmetallic materials-natural/artificial weathering,
terminology, G 113 (06.01)
Artists’ paints
artists’ acrylic emulsion paints, spec., D 5098 (06.02)
artists’ paints (oil/resin-oil/alkyd), spec., D 4302 (06.02)
artists’ watercolor paints, spec., D 5067 (06.02)
labeling art materials for chronic health hazards, practice,
D 4236 (06.02)
lightfastness of pigments (in artists’ paints), test, D 4303 (06.02)
preparing drawdowns of artists’ paste paints, practice,
D 4941 (06.02)
relative tinting strength of chromatic paints, test, D 4838 (06.02)
Asbestine
See Magnesium silicate
Ash content
soluble cellulose nitrate, testing, methods, D 301 (06.03)
674
Ash content-paints/related coatings/materials
acid/amine value of fatty quaternary ammonium chlorides, test,
D 2077 (06.03)
ashing cellulose, test, D 3516 (06.03)
cellulose acetate propionates/butyrate, test, A D 817 (06.03)
cellulose acetate, test, D 871 (06.03)
drying oils and fatty acids, test, D 1951 (06.03)
ethylcellulose, test, D 914 (06.03)
hydrogen sulfide/sulfur dioxide (qualititative) of industrial
aromatic hydrocarbons, test, D 2363 (06.03)
hydroxyethylcellulose, test, D 2364 (06.03)
lac resins (orange shellac and button-/garnet-/bleached-
lac)/-sampling/testing, D 29 (06.03)
methylcellulose, test, D 1347 (06.03)
moisture content of pigments, D 1208 (06.03)
rosin, after burning and ignition, test, D 1063 (06.03)
tall oil-testing, methods, D 803 (06.03)
Assay
monopentaerythritol in commercial pentaerythritol, by gas
chromotography/dibenzal methods, test, D 2195 (06.04)
ASTM photographic standard
description/selection of conditions (for photographing
specimens), practice, E 312 (06.01)
Atlas samples
specifying color of objects, using Optical Society of America
(OSA) uniform color scales system, practice,
E 1360 (06.01)
Atmospheres-conditiobing/testing
conditioning of materials for tests, def. of terms, E 41 (06.01)
standard environments for conditioning/testing paint/
varnish/lacquer/related materials, spec., D 3924 (06.01)
Atmospheric analysis
atmospheric environmental exposure testing of nonmetallic
materials practice, G 7 (06.01)
flue gas desulfurization system components-design/fabrication
for protective lining application, spec., D 4618 (06.02)
inspection of linings in operating flue gas desulfurization
systems, practice, D 4619 (06.02)
Atmospheric analysis-workplace
water-soluble chromates-safety/health requirements relating to
occupational exposure, practice, E 848 (06.01)
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
See Spectrophotometry-atomic absorption
Atomic absorption spectroscopy
See Spectroscopy-atomic absorption
Attached cell method
cathodic disbonding of pipeline coatings, by attached cell
method, test, G 95 (06.02)
Automatic spray
producing films of uniform thickness of paint/varnish/related
products on test panels, test, D 823 (06.01)
Automotive coatings/paints
amount of volatile organic compound (VOC) released from
solventborne automotive coatings and available for
removal in a VOC control device (abatement), test,
D 5087 (06.01)
high-gloss surfaces-gloss, by goniophotometry, test,
E 430 (06.01)
transfer efficiency under production conditions for spray
application of automotive paints, by weight basis, practice,
D 5066 (06.02)
viscosity of paints/related materials, by IS0 flow cups, test, ’
D 5125 (06.01)
B
Bac-dray bleached lac
See Bleached lac
Backfill
pipeline coatings-impact resistance, by limestone drop test,
G 13 (06.02)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
pipeline coatings-penetration resistance, by blunt rod test,
G 17 (06.02)
Bacteria/bacterial control
resistance of plastics to bacteria, practice, G 22 (06.01)
Bacteria/bacterial control-paints/related coatings/materials
emulsion paints (in containers)-microorganism attack
resistance, test, D 2574 (06.01)
interior coatings-mold growth resistance, 4-week exposure in
environmental chamber, test, D 3273 (06.01)
Baked coatings
latex vehicles-nonvolatile content,quality control test,
D 4758 (06.03)
Baker-Philippoff equation
intrinsic viscosity of cellulose acetate, using modified
Baker-Philippoff equation, test, D 871 (06.03)
Baking (paints/related coatings)
effects of overbaking on organic coatings, practice,
D 2454 (06.01)
Balanced-beam scrape adhesion tester
organic coatings-adhesion to smooth flat (planar) panel
surfaces, by scrape adhesion test, D 2197 (06.01)
organic coatings-mar resistance, using balanced beam scrape
adhesion and mar test, D 5178 (06.01)
Ball drop method
viscosity of cellulose derivatives, by ball-drop method, test,
D 1343 (06.03)
Bandwidth (spectral)
spectroradiometric system for characterizing color/absolute
luminance of radiant source, calibration, practice,
E 1341 (06.01)
spectroradiometric system for obtaining colorimetric data from
video display unit, calibration, method, E 1336 (06.01)
Bar codes
printed matter-abrasion resistance, by GA-CAT tester,
D 5181 (06.02)
Barite
See Barium sulfate pigments
Barium sulfate pigments
acid-soluble extenders in (iron/copper phthalocyanine/
ultramarine) blue pigments, test, D 1135 (06.01)
barium sulfate pigment, analysis, test, D 715 (06.01)
barium sulfate pigments, spec., D 602 (06.03)
Bark
rosin/rosin derivatives-toluene-insoluble solid matter, test,
D 269 (06.03)
Barriers
comparative corrosion preventive characteristics of materials
used for joints/couplings/fittings/patches in pipeline
coatings, test, G 18 (06.02)
Bartlet white lead
See Basic sulfate white lead
Barytes
barium sulfate pigments, spec., D 602 (06.03)
Base content
acid/base milliequivalent content of (anodic/cathodic)
electrocoat baths/their ultrafiltrates, test, D 4370 (06.01)
Basic carbonate white lead
basic carbonate white lead pigment, spec., D 81 (06.03)
white lead- chemical analysis, test, D 1301 (06.01)
Basic lead silicochromate
basic lead silicochromate pigment, spec., D 1648 (06.03)
chromium trioxide content of basic lead silico-chromate
pigment, test, D 1844 (06.01)
Basic sulfate white lead
white lead- chemical analysis, test, D 1301 (06.01)
Beilstein analysis
field identification of coatings, test, D 5043 (06.02)
Bend testing-coatings
mandrel bend test of attached organic coatings, test,
D 522 (06.01)
675
Bituminous materials (general)
pipeline coatings-effect of outdoor weathering, test,
G 11 (06.02)
specific bendability of pipeline coatings, test, G 10 (06.02)
Benzene
acidity of benzene/toluene/xylenes/solvent naphthas/similar
industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, test, D 847 (06.04)
acid wash color, test, D 848 (06.04)
apparent density of industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, test,
D 2935 (06.04)
aromatic hydrocarbons/related chemicals, terminology,
D 4790 (06.04)
benzene content in hydrocarbon solvents, by gas chromatog-
raphy, test, D 4367 (06.04)
carbon disulfide content of aromatic hydrocarbons, using
spectrophotometry, test, D 2324 (06.04)
chemical analysis of benzene, by gas chromatography, test,
D 4492 (06.04)
commercial density (of pure liquid chemicals), test,
D 3505 (06.04)
cyclic hydrocarbon products, by gas chromatography, test,
D 4534 (06.04)
cyclohexane 995--purity/benzene content, by gas chromatog-
raphy, test, D 3054 (06.04)
distillation, test, D 850 (06.04)
ethylbenzene-purity/impurities, by gas chromatography, test,
D 5060 (06.04)
purity of hydrocarbons from freezing points, test,
D 1016 (06.04)
refined benzene-485 (nitration grade), spec., D 835 (06.04)
refined benzene-535, spec., D 2359 (06.04)
refined benzene-545, spec., D 4734 (06.04)
sampling/handling liquid cyclic products (at ambient
temperature), practice, D 3437 (06.04)
solidification point of benzene, test, D 852 (06.04)
thiophene content of benzene, by spectrophotometry, test,
D 1685 (06.04)
thiophene content of refined benzene, by gas chromatography
(with flame photometric detection), test, D 4735 (06.04)
total non-aromatic/trace monocyclic hydrocarbon aromatic
hydrocarbons in high-purity benzene/toluene/mixed
zylenes, by gas chromatography, test, D 2360 (06.04)
volume/weight of industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, method,
D 1555 (06.04)
Berlin white
See Basic carbonate white lead
Bidirectional optical measuring system
reflectance factor/color of object-color specimens, using
bidirectional geometry, test, E 1349 (06.01)
Bidirectional reflex distribution function (BRDF)
angle resolved optical scatter measurements on specular/diffuse
surfaces, test, E 1392 (06.01)
Biocidal pigments
See Antifouling paint pigments (headings)
Biodeterioration
See Deterioration
Biological data analysis
subjecting marine antifouling coating to bifouling and fluid
shear forces in natural seawater, test, D 4939 (06.02)
Bisphenol A
sampling/handling 4,4'- isopropylidene diphenol (bisphenol-A),
practice, D 4297 (06.04)
solidification point of 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol(Bisphenol
A), test, D 4493 (06.04)
solution color of 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol(dissolved in
methanol), test, D 4789 (06.04)
Bituminous materials (general)
atmospheric environmental exposure testing of nonmetallic
materials practice, G 7 (06.01)
pipeline coatings-penetration resistance, by blunt rod test,
G 17 (06.02)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Bituminous materials (general)
pipeline coatings (steel)-abrasion resistance, by coarse Blue pigments
abrasive/water slurry, test, G 6 (06.02) Sa Iron blue/Phthalocyanine blue/Ultramarine blue
water in petroleum products/bituminous materials, by chemical analysis of (iron/copper phthalocyanine/ultramarine)
distillation, test, D 95 (06.04) blue pigments, test, D 1135 (06.01)
Black box exposure test Blunt rod test
accelerated outdoor exposure tests of coatings (applied to metal pipeline coatings-penetration resistance, by blunt rod test,
substrates), practice, D 4141 (06.01) G 17 (06.02)
atmospheric environmental exposure testing of nonmetallic Boiled oils (drying)
materials practice, G 7 (06.01) See Oils (headings)
conducting exposures of nonmetallic materials to daylight Boiling point
filtered through glass, practice, G 24 (06.01) industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, test, D 850 (06.04)
Black iron oxide Boiling water resistance
See Iron oxide black wood furniture lacquers, test, D 2571 (06.02)
Black pigments Bonding
See Bone black pigment comparative corrosion preventive characteristics of materials
Sa Carbon black pigment/Lampblack pigment used for joints/couplings/fittings/patchesin pipeline
Blade applicator coatings, test, G 18 (06.02)
producing films of uniform thickness of paint/varnish/related Bond strength-paints/related coatings
products on test panels, test, D 823 (06.01) organic coatings-adhesion to plastic substrates, by direct
Blanc fixe tensile testing, D 5179 (06.01)
See Pigments (headings) thermoplastic traffic marking materials-bond strength, using
Blast cleaning cement bricks/steel cubes, test, D 4796 (06.02)
abrasive blast-cleaned steel surfaces-surface profile, field Bone black
measurement in laboratory/field/fabricating shop, test, bone black pigment, spec., D 210 (06.03)
D 4417 (06.02) solvent extractable material in black pigments, test,
organic coatings-abrasion resistance, by air blast abrasive, test, D 305 (06.01)
A D 658 (06.01) Bone-dry bleached lac
standard pictorial surface preparation standards for painting See Bleached lac-dry
steel surfaces, A D 2200 (06.02) Book covers
Blastings printed matter-abrasion resistance, by GA-CAT tester,
blasting abrasives-water soluble ionic contamination, by D 5181 (06.021
conductimetric analysis, test, D 4940 (06.02) Boron trioxide (B,O,)
Bleached lac calcium borosilicate, test, D 4487 (06.01)
dry, regular and refined, spec., D 207 (06.03) Brabender moisture tester
lac resins (orange shellac and button-/garnet-/bleached- moisture content of (iron/copper phthalocyanine/ultramarine)
lac)/-sampling/testing, D 29 (06.03) blue pigments, by Brabender test, D 1135 (06.01)
Bleeding Break
bleeding characteristics, of dry pigments, test, D 279 (06.01) drying oils, test, D 1952 (06.03)
evaluating degree of bleeding of traffic/pavement marking paint, Breaks
test, A D 868 (06.02) pipeline coatings-cathodic disbonding, accelerated procedures,
laboratory evaluation of degree of bleeding of traffic/pavement test, G 8 (06.02)
marking paint, test, D 969 (06.02) Brick
Blended silane-siloxane materials thermoplastic traffic marking materials-bond strength, using
nonvolatile content in silanes/siloxanes/silane-siloxaneblends cement bricks/steel cubes, test, D 4796 (06.02)
used in masonry water-repellent treatments, test, Brightening power
D 5095 (06.02) See Tinting strength
Blistering Brightness
coatings-water resistance in 100 % relative humidity, practice, retroreflective pedestrian markings-visibility enhancement,
D 2247 (06.01) nighttime photometric performance, spec., E 1501 (06.01)
coatings-water resistance, using controlled condensation, retroreflectors- understanding the properties of high visibility
practice, D 4585 (06.01) materials (for individual safety), guide, F 923 (06.01)
coatings-water resistance, using (distilled/de-mineralized)water Bristles
immersion, practice, D 870 (06.01) paint brushes-physical characterization, practice,
coatings-water resistance, using water fog apparatus, practice, D 5301 (06.02)
D 1735 (06.01) Broad-band filter reflectometry
evaluating degree of blistering, test, A D 714 (06.01) directional reflectance factor (45-deg 0-deg) of opaque
exterior paints-degree of flaking (scaling), test, A D 772 (06.01) specimens, by broad-band filter reflectometry, test,
painted/coated specimens-corrosive environments, evaluation, E 97 (06.01)
method, D 1654 (06.01) Bromide content
Blocking titanium dioxide content-paint, by x-ray fluorescence
blocking resistance of trade sales paints, test, D 4946 (06.02) spectroscopy, test, D 4764 (06.01)
organic coatings on wood substrates, test, D 2793 (06.02) Bromine index
pressure mottling/blocking resistance of organic coatings (on aromatic hydrocarbons-bromine index, test, D 1492 (06,
metal substrates), test, D 3003 (06.02) Bronze blue
Blotching See Iron blue
reporting paint film failures characteristic of exterior latex Bronze powders
paints, classification, D 1848 (06.02) See Gold bronze powder
Blue-light reflectance Brookfield viscometer
See Reflectance and reflectivity (headings) See Viscometers-Brookfield

676
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Calibration-general laboratory instrumentation
Brown iron oxide unreacted monomer content of latexes using capillary column
Sa Sienna (burnt and raw) gas chromatography, test, D 4827 (06.01)
Umber (burnt and raw) n-Butyl acrylate/methacrylate
chemical analysis, method, D 50 (06.01) unreacted monomer content of latexes, by gas-liquid
iron oxide black (natural)- chemical analysis, test, chromatography, test, D 4747 (06.01)
D 3872 (06.01)
n-Butyl alcohol
natural red/brown iron oxide pigments, spec., D 3722 (06.03)
synthetic brown iron oxide pigment, spec., D 3724 (06.03) n-butyl alcohol (butanol), spec., D 304 (06.04)
Brunswick blue sec-Butyl alcohol
See Iron blue sec-butyl alcohol, spec., D 1007 (06.04)
Brunswick green Butylated melamine-formaldehyde resins
See Chrome green See Resins
Brush-application behavior Butylcatechol inhibitor content
industrial water-reducible coatings (pigmented/clear)-selecting residual p-tert-butylcatechol (TBC) in styrene monomer, by
test procedures, guide, D 4712 (06.02) spectrophotometry, test, D 4590 (06.04)
Brush drag Butyl glycol
comparison of the brush drag of latex paints, test, See 2-Butoxyethanol
D 4958 (06.02) n-Butyl methacrylate
Brushes unreacted monomer content of latexes using capillary column
paint brushes-physical characterization, practice, gas chromatography, test, D 4827 (06.01)
D 5301 (06.02) Butyraldehyde
preparation of paint brushes for evaluation, practice, Sa Resins (headings)
D 5068 (06.02) poly(viny1 butyral)-chemical analysis, test, D 1396 (06.03)
Bubble test Butyryl content
viscosity of transparent liquids, by bubble time method, test,
D 1545 (06.03) cellulose acetate propionates, test, A D 817 (06.03)
Building economics
developing short-term accelerated tests for predicting service Iife C
of, practice, E 632 (06.01) C4-C,, alcohols
Bulk density chemical/physical analysis, selection/use of test procedures,
See Density-apparent (bulk) E 852 (06.04)
Burning characteristics-paints/related coatings/materials Cabinet method
fire retardancy of paints, by cabinet method, test, A D 1360 fire retardancy of paints, by cabinet method, test, A D 1360
(06.01) (06.01)
small-scale evaluation of fire-retardant paints, by 2-foot tunnel Cadmium content
method, test, D 3806 (06.01) lead/cadmium/cobalt content (low concentrations) in
sustained burning (of liquid mixtures), by Seta-flash tester (open nonvolatile portion of liquid coatings/dried films, by
cup), test, D 4206 (06.01) atomic absorption spectroscopy, test, D 3335 (06.01)
sustained burning (of low viscosity liquid mixtures), by Wick
test, D 4207 (06.01) Calcium borosilicate
Burnt sienna analysis, D 4487 (06.01)
chemical analysis of yellow/orange/red/brown pigments calcium borosilicate pigments, spec., D 4288 (06.03)
containing iron/maganese, test, D 50 (06.01) Calcium carbonate
raw/burnt sienna pigments, spec., D 765 (06.03) calcium carbonate pigment, spec., D 1199 (06.03)
Butadiene Calcium content
purity of hydrocarbons from freezing points, test, cellulose pulp (from wood/cotton)-metals (Fe/Cu/Mn,Ca)
D 1016 (06.04) content, test, D 4085 (06.03)
Butane paint driers-calcium/zinc content, by EDTA method, test,
purity of hydrocarbons from freezing points, test, D 2613 (06.01)
D 1016 (06.04) zinc dust (metallic zinc powder), test, D 521 (06.01)
1-Butanol Calcium oxide (CaO) content
See n-Butyl alcohol calcium borosilicate, test, D 4487 (06.01)
2-Butanol calcium oxide in magnesium silicate pigment, test,
See sec-Butyl alcohol D 717 (06.01)
2-Butannne Calcium paint driers
See Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) See Driers
2-butox yethano Calculating test results
2-butoxyethanol, spec., D 330 (06.04) calculating formulation physical constants of paints/coatings,
Button lac practice, D 5201 (06.01)
lac resins (orange shellac and button-/garnet-/bleached- Calibration
lac)/-sampling/testing, D 29 (06.03) blasting abrasives-water soluble ionic contamination, by
orange shellac and (button lac/garnet lac), spec., D 237 (06.03) conductimetric analysis, test, D 4940 (06.02)
n-Butyl acetate Calibration-general laboratory instrumentation
acetate esters-alcohol content/purity, by gas chromatography, equipment for measuring angle resolved optical scatter
test, D 3545 (06.04) measurements on specular/diffuse surfaces, test,
n-butyl acetate (all grades), spec., D 4615 (06.04) E 1392 (06.01)
n-Butyl acrylate goniophotometry of objects/materials, practice, E 167 (06.01)
n-butyl acrylate, spec., D 3547 (06.04) obtaining spectrophotometric data for object-color evaluation,
purity, by gas chromatography, test, D 3362 (06.04) practice, E 1164 (06.01)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Calibration-paints/related coatings instrumentation
Calibration-paints/related coatings instrumentation
equipment/standards for measuring purity of propylene glycol
monomethyl ether/dipropylene glycol monomethyl
ether/propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, test,
D 4773 (06.04)
unreacted monomer content of latexes using capillary column
gas chromatography, test, D 4827 (06.01)
viscosity of printing inks/vehicles, by falling-rod viscometer,
test, D 4040 (06.02)
Calibration-spectroradiometric instrumentation
obtaining colorimetric data from a visual display unit (for
minimizing errors), using tristimulus colorimeters, practice,
E 1455 (06.01)
spectroradiometric system for characterizing color/absolute
luminance of radiant source, calibration, practice,
E 1341 (06.01)
spectroradiometric system for obtaining colorimetric data from
video display unit, calibration, method, E 1336 (06.01)
Capacitance
comparative corrosion preventive characteristics of materials
used for joints/couplings/fittings/patches in pipeline
coatings, test, G 18 (06.02)
Capillary gas chromatography
analysis of styrene by capillary gas chromatography, test,
D 5135 (06.04)
unreacted monomer content of latexes using capillary column
gas chromatography, test, D 4827 (06.01)
Capillary-moisture relations
capillary moisture in concrete, by plastic sheet method, test,
D 4263 (06.02)
Carbon-arc lamps
carbon-arc light-exposure apparatus-nonmetallic materials,
operating with/without water, practice, G 23 (06.01)
conducting tests on paint/varnish/lacquer/related products,
using enclosed carbon-arc light/water exposure apparatus,
practice, D 5031 (06.01)
filtered open flame carbon-arc light/water exposure apparatus-
paints and related coatings/materials, conducting
accelerated tests (using G 23), practice, D 822 (06.01)
operating unfiltered apparatus (for testing paints/related
coatings), using the Dew cycle, practice, D 3361 (06.01)
printed matter-lightfastness/weatherability, by natural
daylight/laboratory exposures, test, D 3424 (06.02)
Carbonate content
acid-insoluble extenders in (iron/copper phthalocyanine/
ultramarine) blue pigments, test, D 1135 (06.01)
Carbon black
carbon black pigment for paint, spec., D 561 (06.03)
solvent extractable material in black pigments, test,
D 305 (06.01)
Carbon black content
solvent extractable material in black pigments, test,
D 305 (06.01)
Carbon disulfide content
carbon disulfide content of aromatic hydrocarbons, using
spectrophotometry, test, D 2324 (06.04)
Carboxyl content
carboxyl content of cellulose, test, D 1926 (06.03)
Carboxylic acid
carboxylic acids identification-alkyd resins, method,
D 2455 (06.03)
Castor oil
dehydrated castor oil, spec., D 961 (06.03)
hydroxyl value of fatty oils/acids, test, D 1957 (06.03)
raw castor oil, spec., D 960 (06.03)
spectrophotometric diene value of dehydrated castor
oil/derivatives, test, D 1358 (06.03)
Cat’s eye reflector
understanding the properties of high visibility materials (for
individual safety), guide, F 923 (06.01)
678
Cellular plastics
See Urethanes (headings)
Cellulose and cellulose derivatives
alcohol-benzene soluble matter in cellulose, test, D 1794 (06.03)
ashing cellulose, test, D 3516 (06.03)
carboxyl content of cellulose, test, D 1926 (06.03)
cellulose/cellulose derivatives, terminology, D 1695 (06.03)
cellulose (chemically refined), composition by chromatographic
analysis, method, D 1915 (06.03)
cellulose pulp (from wood/cotton)-metals (Fe/Cu/Mn,Ca)
content, test, D 4085 (06.03)
chain length uniformity, by fractional precipitation of cellulose
nitrate, test, D 1716 (06.03)
chlorine content, test, D 2641 (06.03)
dichloromethane/ 1, 1 , 1 -trichloroethane content-paints/coatings,
by direct injection gas chromatography, test,
D 4457 (06.01)
dichloromethane-soluble matter content of cellulose, test,
D 3971 (06.03)
ethoxyl substitution in cellulose ether products, by gas
chromatography, test, D 4794 (06.03)
hydrogen sulfide/sulfur dioxide (qualititative) of industrial
aromatic hydrocarbons, test, D 2363 (06.03)
hydroxyethylcellulose, test, D 2364 (06.03)
in cellulose ether products methoxyl and hydroxypropyl
substitution, by Zeisel-gas chromatographic technique, test,
D 3876 (06.03)
intrinsic viscosity of cellulose, test, D 1795 (06.03)
methylcellulose, testing, D 1347 (06.03)
moisture in cellulose, test, D 1348 (06.03)
nitrogen content of soluble nitrocellulose, by ferrous sulfate
procedure, test, D 4795 (06.03)
pentosans content of cellulose, test, D 1787 (06.03)
silica content, test, D 2438 (06.03)
sodium glycolate content of sodium carboxymethylcellulose,
test, D 1439 (06.03)
solubility in sodium hydroxide, test, D 1696 (06.03)
soluble nitrocellulose-base solutions, methods of testing,
D 365 (06.02)
sulfur content, by X-ray fluorescence, test, D 2929 (06.03)
temperature-change (high-low) resistance of clear nitrocellulose
lacquer films applied to wood, test, D 1211 (06.02)
volatile/nonvolatile content-cellulosics/emulsions/resin
solutions/shellac/varnishes, selecting test procedures,
practice, D 4209 (06.01)
Cellulose and cellulose derivatives-cellulose acetate (CA)
cellulose acetate, methods of testing, D 871 (06.03)
Cellulose and cellulose derivatives-cellulose nitrate (nitrocel-
lulose)
cellulose nitrate in alkyd lacquers, quantitative determination by
infrared spectrophotometry, test, D 3133 (06.02)
dilution ratio for solutions, test, D 1720 (06.04)
soluble cellulose nitrate, testing, methods, D 301 (06.03)
Cellulose and cellulose derivatives-ethylcellulose (EC)
ethylcellulose, methods of testing, D 914 (06.03)
Cellulosic plastics-cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB)
cellulose acetate propionate/butyrate, methods of testing,
A D 817 (06.03)
Cement
thermoplastic traffic marking materials-bond strength, using
cement bricks/steel cubes, test, D 4796 (06.02)
Cementitious linings ~~ ~
inspection of linings in operating flue gas desulfurization
systems, practice, D 4619 (06.02)
Centrifuge (high-speed for vehicle separation)
See Vehicle separation-solvent-type paints
Ceramic materials
indexes of whiteness/yellowness of near-white opaque materials,
test, E 313 (06.01)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Ceramic whitewares
directional reflectance factor (45-deg 0-deg) of opaque
specimens, by broad-band filter reflectometry, test,
E 97 (06.01)
Cerium content
cerium content (of paint driers), by EDTA method, test,
D 3970 (06.01)
Cerium paint driers
See Driers
Certification form
certification of coating conformance form, D 5063 (06.02)
Chain length uniformity
cellulose, by fractional precipitation of cellulose nitrate, test,
D 1716 (06.03)
Chalk
See Calcium carbonate
Chalking
white/lightly tinted exterior paint films, practice, A D 4214
(06.01)
Change in color
See Color (headings)
Channel black
See Carbon black (headings)
Char index
fire retardancy of paints, by cabinet method, test, A D 1360
(06.01)
Checking
exterior paints, test, A D 660 (06.01)
Chemical analysis-paints/related coatings/materials
calcium borosilicate, test, D 4487 (06.01)
C,-C, alcohols, chemical/physical analysis (selection/use of test
procedures), E 852 (06.04)
chemical analysis of yellow/orange/red/brown pigments
containing iron/maganese, test, D 50 (06.01)
ethyl methyl pentanol content/purity value of 2-ethylhexanol,
by gas chromatography, test, D 5008 (06.04)
sampling industrial chemicals, practice, E 300 (06.04)
white linseed oil paints-chemical analysis, selecting test
methods, practice, D 215 (06.01)
white/yellow thermoplastic traffic marking material containing
lead chromate and titanium dioxide, test, D 4797 (06.01)
zinc hydroxy phosphite, test, D 4450 (06.01)
Chemical resistance
high-performance interior architectural wall coatings (HIPAC),
test, D 3730 (06.02)
Chemical-resistantlinings
inspection of linings in operating flue gas desulfurization
systems, practice, D 4619 (06.02)
Chemical-resistantmaterials/products
clear/pigmented organic coatings, test, D 1308 (06.02)
Chemicals
aromatic hydrocarbons/related chemicals, terminology,
D 4790 (06.04)
chemical resistance of pipeline coatings, test, G 20 (06.02)
clarity/cleanness of (nonpigmented) paint and ink liquids, by
visual examination, test, D 2090 (06.03)
clear/pigmented organic coatings, test, D 1308 (06.02)
dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, spec., D 4836 (06.04)
propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, spec.,
D 4835 (06.04)
propylene glycol monomethyl ether, spec., D 4837 (06.04)
ruby laser rods, lasing threshold/slope efficiency, practice,
F 379 (06.01)
Chemiluminescence
understanding the properties of high visibility materials (for
individual safety), guide, F 923 (06.01)
China clay
See Aluminum silicate (hydrous)
679
Chromatography-gas (paints/related coatings/materials)
Chinese blue
See Iron blue
Chinese red
See Chrome orange
Chinese white
See Zinc oxide
Chipping and chip resistance
paints/related coatings, test, A D 3170 (06.02)
resistance to wear of traffic paint, method, A D 913 (06.02)
Chips
rosin/rosin derivatives-toluene-insoluble solid matter, test,
D 269 (06.03)
Chloride content-paints/related coatings/materials
ethylcellulose, test, D 914 (06.03)
hydrogen sulfide/sulfur dioxide (qualititative) of industrial
aromatic hydrocarbons, test, D 2363 (06.03)
liquid epoxy resins-hydrolyzable chloride content, test,
D 1726 (06.03)
methylcellulose, test, D 1347 (06.03)
sodium glycolate content of sodium carboxymethylcellulose,
test, D 1439 (06.03)
strontium chromate pigment-chloride content, USE D 444 (v
06.01), D 1845 (06.01)
trace (total) chloride (organic/inorganic) in liquid aromatic
hydrocarbpns, test, D 5194 (06.04)
Chlorinated hydrocarbons
dichloromethane/ 1,1,1-trichloroethane content-paints/coatings,
by direct injection gas chromatography, test,
D 4457 (06.01)
Chlorinated phenol preservative content
wood products, qualitative test for, D 2921 (06.02)
Chlorine content
cellulose, test, D 2641 (06.03)
epoxy resins/compounds, test, D 4301 (06.03)
total chlorine content of liquid epoxy resins, test,
D 1847 (06.03)
Chloroform-insolubles content
chloroform insoluble matter in oiticia oil, test, D 1958 (06.03)
Chromate coatings
formability/adhesion of zinc-rich primer/chromate complex
coatings (on steel), test, D 4146 (06.02)
relative tinting strength of chromatic paints, test, D 4838 (06.02)
Chromates
water-soluble chromates-safety/heaIth requirements relating to
occupational exposure, practice, E 848 (06.01)
Chromaticity
Sa Color (headings)
obtaining colorimetric data from a visual display unit (for
minimizing errors), using tristimulus colorimeters, practice,
E 1455 (06.01)
Chromatic pigments
zinc yellow (zinc chromate) pigments, spec., D 478 (06.03)
Chromatography-gas (detergents)
methoxyl/hydroxypropyl substitution (of cellulose ether
products), by Zeisel technique, test, D 3876 (06.03)
Chromatography-gas (paints/related coatings/materials)
acetate esters-alcohol content/purity, by gas chromatography,
test, D 3545 (06.04)
acrylate esters, punty, test, D 3362 (06.04)
analysis of styrene by capillary gas chromatography, test,
D 5135 (06.04)
aromatics (ethylbenzene and eight-carbon (C,/heavier) in
mineral spirits, test, D 3257 (06.04)
benzene content in hydrocarbon solvents, by gas chromatog-
raphy, test, D 4367 (06.04)
benzene content of cyclic hydrocarbon products, by gas
chromatography, test, D 4534 (06.04)
C, hydrocarbon analysis, by gas chromatography, test,
D 2306 (06.04)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Chromatography-gas (paints/related coatings/materials)
carboxylic acids identification-alkyd resins, method,
D 2455 (06.03)
chemical analysis of benzene, by gas chromatography, test,
D 4492 (06.04)
cyclohexane 995-purity/benzene content, by gas chromatog-
raphy, test, D 3054 (06.04)
dichloromethane/ I , 1, I-trichloroethane content-paints/coatings,
by direct injection gas chromatography, test,
D 4457 (06.01)
ethoxyl substitution in cellulose ether products, by gas
chromatography, test, D 4794 (06.03)
ethylbenzene-purity/impurities, by gas chromatography, test,
D 5060 (06.04)
ethyl methyl pentanol content/purity vdue of 2-ethylhexanol,
by gas chromatography, test, D 5008 (06.04)
fatty acid composition, by gas-liquid Chromatography of methyl
esters, test, D 1983 (06.03)
identification of oils and oil acids in solvent-reducible paints,
test, D 2245 (06.01)
isopropylbenzene (cumene)-purity/impurities, by gas
chromatography, test, D 3760 (06.04)
methyl (amyl ketone/isoamyl ketone)-purity, * by gas
chromatography, test, D 3893 (06.04)
methyl isobutyl ketone (M1BK)-purity, by gas chromatog-
raphy, test, D 3329 (06.04)
pentaerythritol, test, D 2195 (06.04)
phenol-major organic impurities produced by cumene process,
using gas chromatography, test, D 4961 (06.04)
phenol content (of tar acid mixtures), by gas liquid chromatog-
raphy, test, D 3626 (06.04)
pinene composition, by gas chromatography, test,
D 3009 (06.03)
polyhydric alcohols identification-alkyd resins, qualitative/
quantitative analysis, test, D 2456 (06.03)
purity of methyl ethyl ketone, using gas chromatography, test,
D 2804 (06.04)
purity of propylene glycol monomethyl ether/dipropylene glycol
monomethyl ether/propylene glycol monomethyl ether
acetate, test, D 4773 (06.04)
qualitative identification of polymers in emulsion paints, by
infrared analysis/pyrolysis-gas liquid chromatography,
practice, D 3168 (06.01)
residual vinyl chloride monomer content of poly(viny1 chloride)
resins/compounds/copolymers by solution injection
technique, test, D 3680 (06.03)
solvent composition analysis (of solvent-type paints),
direct-injection technique, practice, D 3271 (06.01)
styrene-purity/impurities, by gas chromatography, test,
D 3962 (06.04)
thiophene content of refined benzene, with flame photometric
detection, test, D 4735 (06.04)
total non-aromatic/trace monocyclic hydrocarbon aromatic
hydrocarbons in high-purity benzene/toluene/mixed
zylenes, test, D 2360 (06.04)
traffic paint-uniformity of vehicle solids, by spectroscopy/gas
chromatography, practices, D 2743 (06.02)
unreacted monomer content of latexes, test, D 4747 (06.01)
unreacted monomer content of latexes using capillary column
gas chromatography, test, D 4827 (06.01)
unreacted toluene diisocyanate content of urethane prepoly-
mers/coatings, test, D 3432 (06.03)
volatile resin acids in tall oil/gum/wood rosin, by gas
chromatography, test, D 3008 (06.03)
water content of water-reducible paints, by direct injection into
gas chromatograph, test, D 3792 (06,Ol)
p-xylene-puritylimpurities, by gas chromatography, test,
D 3798 (06.04)
xylene, punty of ortho-xylene, test, D 3797 (06.04)
680
Chromatography-gas (solvents)
benzene content in hydrocarbon solvents, by gas chromatog-
raphy, test, D 4367 (06.04)
solvent composition analysis (of solvent-type paints),
direct-injection technique, practice, D 3271 (06.01)
Chromatography-paper
cellulose (chemically refined), composition by chromatographic
analysis, method, D 1915 (06.03)
Chrome green
Sa Pigments (general properties)
chemical analysis of phthalocyanine blue/green pigments, test,
D 3256 (06.01)
chrome green pigment, Spec., D 212 (06.03)
yellow/orange/green pigments containing lead chromate/
chromium oxide green, analysis, test, D 126 (06.01)
Chrome yellow and orange
chrome yellow/orange pigment, spec., D 211 (06.03)
yellow/orange/green pigments containing lead chromate/
chromium oxide green, analysis, test, D 126 (06.01)
Chromium content
strontium chromate pigment-chromium content, by
thiosulfate method, test, D 1845 (06.01)
Chromium content-paints/related coatings
chromium content (low concentrations) in solids of liquid
coatings/dried films, by atomic absorption spectroscopy,
test, D 3718 (06.01)
lead/chromium content (in air particulate filter samples of lead
chromate type pigment dusts), by atomic absorption
spectroscopy, test, D 4358 (06.61)
strontium chromate pigment-chemical analysis, test,
D 1845 (06.01)
zinc yellow (zinc chromate yellow) pigment, test, D 444 (06.01)
Chromium oxide green
chrome oxide green pigment, spec., D 263 (06.03)
yellow/orange/green pigments containing lead chromate/
chromium oxide green, analysis, test, D 126 (06.01)
Chromium pigments
See Chrome green/Chrome yellow and orange
Sa Chromium oxide green/Lead silicochromate
Zinc chromate (yellow)
Chromium trioxide content
chromium trioxide content af basic lead silico-chromate
pigment, test, D 1844 (06.01)
Chronic health hazards
See Hazards-health
CIE color svstem
appearance (of objects/materials/light sources), terminology,
E 284 (06.01)
computing colors’of objects, by CIE system, method,
E 308 (06.01)
degree of rusting on painted steel surfaces, method, A D 610
(06 .O 2)
luminous reflectance factor of acoustical materials, by use of
integrating sphere reflectometers, test, E 1477 (06.01)
metamerism, visual evaluation, D 4086 (06.01)
obtaining colorimetric data from a visual display unit (for
minimizing errors), using tristimulus colorimeters, practice,
E 1455 (06.01)
obtaining colorimetric data from video display unit, by
spectroradiometry, method, E 1336 (06.01)
obtaining spectrophotometric data for object-color evaluation,
practice, E 1164 (06.01)
obtaining spectroradiometric data from radiant sources for
colorimetry, practice, E 1341 (06.01)
CIE tristimulus values
obtaining spectrophotometric data for object-color evaluation,
practice, E 1164 (06.01)
Citron yellow
See Strontium chromate
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Coatings-chromate
Clarity/cleanness architectural coatings (solvent-borne interior/exterior), selecting
clarity/cleanness of (nonpigmented) paint and ink liquids, by test methods, index, D 5146 (06.02)
visual examination, test, D 2090 (06.03) atmospheric environmental exposure testing of nonmetallic
turbidity in clear liquids, quantitative test, D 5180 (06.03) materials practice, G 7 (06.01)
Classification certification of coating conformance form, D 5063 (06.02)
field identification of coatings, test, D 5043 (06.02) chromium content (low concentrations) in solids of liquid
Cleaning coatings/dried films, by atomic absorption spectroscopy,
practical washability of organic coatings, test, D 4828 (06.02) test, D 3718 (06.01)
Cleaning-drycleaning materials/tests clarity/cleanness of (nonpigmented) paint and ink liquids, by
mineral (petroleum) spirits hydrocarbon drycleaning solvent, visual examination, test, D 2090 (06.03)
spec., D 235 (06.04) coatings-water resistance in 100 % relative humidity, practice,
D 2247 (06.01)
Cleaning solvents coatings on wood products-dry film thickness, microscopical
See Solvents (headings) measurement, test, D 5235 (06.02)
Cleanliness commercial hexanes, spec., D 1836 (06.04)
interferometer-uniformity of illumination/focus/vibration, dichloromethanel 1 ,1,1-trichloroethane content-paints/coatings,
temperature stability/turbulence/cleanliness/component by direct injection gas chromatography, test,
defects, practice, F 742 (06.01) D 4457 (06.01)
Clear coatings dry film thickness of protective coating systems, by destructive
turbidity in clear liquids, quantitative test, D 5180 (06.03) means, test, D 4138 (06.02)
Climatological measurement evaluating degree of settling (pigment suspension/ease of
atmospheric environmental exposure testing of nonmetallic remixing a shelf-aged sample) of paint, test, D 869 (06.02)
materials practice, G 7 (06.01) evaluating (interior/exterior) coatings for protecting steel
conducting exposures of nonmetallic materials to daylight surfaces at high-temperature service, test, A D 2485 (06.01)
filtered through glass, practice, G 24 (06.01) evaluation of (clear/pigmented) coatings for rigid/semirigid
Closed-cup flash point methods plastics substrates, practice, D 3002 (06.02)
See Flash point (headings) exposure of paints/related coatings to fluorescent UV-
Cloudiness condensation light-water-exposure apparatus, practice for
turbidity in clear liquids, quantitative test, D 5180 (06.03) conducting tests, D 4587 (06.01)
field identification of coatings, test, D 5043 (06.02)
Cloud point filtered open flame carbon-arc light/water exposure apparatus-
aromatic hydrocarbons/related chemicals, terminology, paints and related coatings/materials, conducting
D 4790 (06.04) accelerated tests (using G 23), practice, D 822 (06.01)
Coalescence fineness of dispersion of pigment-vehicle systems, test,
latex paint films-low temperature coalescence, test, D 1210 (06.01)
D 3793 (06.02) lead/cadmium/cobalt content (low concentrations) in
Coarse particle analysis nonvolatile portion of liquid coatings/dried films, by
Sa Dispersion atomic absorption spectroscopy, test, D 3335 (06.01)
Particle size analysis (headings) mercury content (low concentrations) in liquid coatings/coatings
coarse particles in pigments/pastes/paints, test, D 185 (06.03) vehicles/dried films, by atomic absorption spectroscopy,
reporting particle size characteristics of pigments, practice, test, D 3624 (06.01)
D 1366 (06.03) patch test-coating compatibility, conducting procedure,
strontium chromate pigment-coarse particles, USE D 185 (v practice, D 5064 (06.02)
06.03), D 1845 (06.01) porosity of paint films (to indicate coating penetration), test,
Coated pipelines D 3258 (06.02)
See Pipeline coatings presence of and removing microbial (fungal/algal) growth on
Coated substrate standards paint/related coatings, guide, D 4610 (06.01)
film thickness of pipeline coatings on steel, nondestructive producing films of uniform thickness of paint/varnish/related
measurement, method, G 12 (06.02) products on test panels, test, D 823 (06.01)
Coated wood/wood-based material protective coating systems-simulated design basis accident
coatings on wood products-dry film thickness, microscopical (DBA), conditions, test, D 3911 (06.02)
measurement, test, D 5235 (06.02) pull-off strength of coatings, using portable adhesion testers,
test, D 4541 (06.02)
Coating adhesion
organic coatings-adhesion to smooth flat (planar) panel sag resistance-liquid coatings (aqueous/nonaqueous), using
surfaces, by scrape adhesion test, D 2197 (06.01) multinotch applicator, test, D 4400 (06.02)
specular reflectance/transmittance of optically flat-coated/
Coating capacitance non-coated specimens, test, F 768 (06.01)
water penetration into pipeline coatings, test, G 9 (06.02) static friction of coating surfaces, test, D 4518 (06.01)
Coating compatibility steel panels (zinc-/zinc alloy-coated)-preparation, for testing
patch test-coating compatibility, conducting procedure, paint/related coatings, practice, D 2201 (06.01)
practice, D 5064 (06.02) temperature of applied coatings on wood products during the
Coating contractors curing cycle, by infrared radiation thermometers, practice,
See Nuclear reactor vessels-qualifications for painters D 3259 (06.02)
Coatings turbidity in clear liquids, quantitative test, D 5180 (06.03)
accelerated outdoor exposure tests of coatings (applied to metal volume nonvolatile matter in clear/pigmented coatings, test,
substrates), practice, D 4141 (06.01) D 2697 (06.01)
aged coatings on steel surfaces-visual assessment, guide, wood used as panels in weathering tests of coatings, spec.,
D 5065 (06.02) D 358 (06.02)
antimony content (low concentrations) in solids of liquid Coatings-chromate
coatings/dried films, by atomic absorption spectroscopy, formability/adhesion of zinc-rich primer/chromate complex
test, D 3717 (06.01) coatings (on steel), test, D 4146 (06.02)

68 1
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Coatings-chromate
relative tinting strength of chromatic paints, test, D 4838 (06.02), Coil coatings
Coatings-coating work in nuclear facilities application using a wire-wound drawdown bar, practice,
Sa Nuclear reactor vessels-qualifications for painters D 4147 (06.02)
use of protective coating standards in nuclear power plants, coil coatings, testing, practice, D 3794 (06.02)
selecting ASTM standards, guide, D 5144 (06.02) Cold-check resistance
Coatings-coil temperature-change (high-low) resistance of clear nitrocellulose
application using a wire-wound drawdown bar, practice, lacquer films applied to wood, test, D 1211 (06.02)
D 4147 (06.02) Cold resistance
coil coatings, testing, practice, D 3794 (06.02) temperature-change (high-low) resistance of clear nitrocellulose
Coatings-enamel lacquer films applied to wood, test, D 1211 (06.02)
amount of liquid separated as upper layer from a viscous Collimation
solution/dispersion containing dispersed solids, test, evaluating interferometers (for uniformity of illumination,
D 4948 (06.01) focus, vibration, temperature stability, turbulence,
conducting tests on paint/varnish/lacquer/related products, cleanliness, component defects), practice, F 742 (06.01)
using enclosed carbon-arc light/water exposure apparatus, Colloidal black
prdctice, D 5031 (06.01)
high-gloss surfaces-gloss, by goniophotometry, test, See Carbon black (headings)
E 430 (06.01) Color
Coatings-epoxy appearance (of objects/materials/light sources), terminology,
subjecting marine antifouling coating to bifouling and fluid E 284 (06.01)
shear forces in natural seawater, test, D 4939 (06.02) cellulose acetate propionates/butyrate, test, A D 817 (06.03)
color/color-difference of object-color specimens, by tristimulus
Coatings-nonconductive
(filter) colorimetry, test, E 1347 (06.01)
nonconductive coatings-dry film thickness, nondestructive
measurement, test, D 1400 (06.01) color differences of materials (seen by reflected/transmitted
light), instrumental evaluation, practice, E 805 (06.01)
Coatings-organic color measurement of fluorescent specimens, practice,
See Organic coatings E 991 (06.01)
Coatings-spray-applied computing colors of objects, by CIE system, method,
See Spray-applied coatings E 308 (06.01)
Coatings-ultraviolet-cured fluorescence in object-color specimens, by spectrophotometry
cure time, practice, D 3732 (06.02) test, E 1247 (06.01)
estimating package stability of coatings for ultraviolet curing, indexes of whiteness/yellowness of near-white opaque materials,
test, D 4144 (06.02) test, E 313 (06.01)
Coatings monitoring program obtaining colorimetric data from a visual display unit (for
Sa Inspection-coating applications minimizing errors), using tristimulus colorimeters, practice,
Performance-coatings E 1455 (06.01)
Safety precautions-coating applications obtaining spectrophotometric data for object-color evaluation,
establishing procedures to monitor performance of safety related practice, E 1164 (06.01)
coatings in operating nuclear power plant, guide, reducing the variability of color measurement, by use of
D 5163 (06.02) multiple measurements, practice, E 1345 (06.01)
Coating thickness reflectance factor/color of object-color specimens, using
disbonding characteristics of pipeline coatings, by direct soil bidirectional geometry, test, E 1349 (06.01)
burial, test, G 19 (06.02) selection of geometric conditions for measurement of
dry film thickness of protective coating systems, by destructive reflection/transmission properties of materials, practice,
means, test, D 4138 (06.02) E 179 (06.01)
film thickness of pipeline coatings on steel, nondestructive transmittance/color of object-color specimens, by spectrophoto-
measurement, method, G 12 (06.02) metry using hemispherical geometry, test, E 1348 (06.01)
nonconductive coatings-dry film thickness, nondestructive visual color evaluation of transparent sheet materials, practice,
measurement, test, D 1400 (06.01) E 1478 (06.01)
Cobalt content Color-discoloration
cobalt content-paint driers, by EDTA method, test, clear coatings-light stability, by sunlight through glass, test,
D 2373 (06.01) D 2620 (06.02)
lead/cadmium/cobalt content (low concentrations) in clear/pigmented organic finishes-effect of household
nonvolatile portion of liquid coatings/dried films, by chemicals, test, D 1308 (06.02)
atomic absorption spectroscopy, test, D 3335 (06.01) surfaces of paints/related coatings (by microbiological attack),
Cobalt paint driers practice for determining by exterior exposure tests,
Sa Driers D 3456 (06.01)
liquid paint driers, selection of test methods, D 564 (06.01) Color-light exposure
Coconut oil carbon-arc light-exposure apparatus-nonmetallic materials,
coconut oil, spec., D 1841 (06.03) operating with/without water, practice, G 23 (06.01)
Coefficient of friction Color-light fastness
static friction of coating surfaces, test, D 4518 (06.01) lightfastness of pigments (in artists’ paints), test, D 4303 (06.02)
Coefficient of retroreflection (of retroreflectors) printed matter-lightfastness/weatherability, by natural
See Retroreflection/retroreflectors daylight/laboratory exposures, test, D 3424 (06.02)
Coffee stains Color-opaque materials
wood furniture lacquers, test, D 2571 (06.02) evaluation of visual color difference (of non-self luminous
Cohesive strength materials) with a gray scale, test, D 2616 (06.01)
thermoplastic traffic marking materials-bond strength, using indexes of whiteness/yellowness of near-white opaque materials,
cement bricks/steel cubes, test, D 4796 (06.02) test, E 313 (06.01)

682
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
reflectance factor/color (of object-color specimens), by
spectrophotometry using hemispherical optical measuring
system, test, E 1331 (06.01)
specifying color of objects, using Optical Society of America
(OSA) uniform color scales system, practice,
E 1360 (06.01)
Color-organic/inorganic chemicals
acetaldehyde, spec., D 4710 (06.04)
cellulose acetate propionates/butyrate, test, A D 817 (06.03)
color of cresylic acids (“C” series standards), test,
D 3627 (06.04)
dipentene/related terpene solvents-sampling/testing, methods,
D801 (06.03)
fatty acids (after heating), test, D 1981 (06.03)
maleic/phthalic anhydride (in molten state/after heating), by
platinum-cobalt scale, test, D 3366 (06.04)
methyl acrylate, spec., D 4709 (06.04)
Cobr-paints/related coatings/materials
aluminum silicate (hydrous/anhydrous) pigment, analysis, test,
D 718 (06.01)
artists’ paints (oil/resin-oil/alkyd), spec., D 4302 (06.02)
benzene/toluene/%ylenes/refined solvent naphthas/similar
industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, test, D 848 (06.04)
cellulose acetate, test, D 871 (06.03)
clarity/cleanness of (nonpigmented) paint and ink liquids, by
visual examination, test, D 2090 (06.03)
clear liquids, by platinum-cobalt scale, test, D 1209 (06.04)
color by Munsell color ordering system, test, D 1535 (06.01)
color differences from instrumentally measured color differences
of opaque materials, test, D 2244 (06.01)
cdored pigments (dry/pastes in oil), with a mechanical muller,
test, D 387 (06.01)
color/gloss tolerances, establishing, practice, D 3134 (06.01)
dry color pigments-color/strength, by miniature sandmill, test,
A D 3022 (06.01)
drying oils (after heating), test, D 1967 (06.03)
evaluation of color for thermoplastic traffic marking materials,
test, D 4960 (06.02)
Gardner color scale-transparent liquids, test, D 1544 (06.01)
high-gloss surfaces-reflection haze, test, D 4039 (06.01)
industrial water-reducible coatings (pigmented/clear)-selecting
test procedures, guide, D 4712 (06.02)
lac resins (orange shellac and button-/garnet-/bleached-
lac)/-sampling/testing, D 29 (06.03)
iatex paints (tinted)-color development, test, D 5326 (06.02)
magnesium silicate pigment, analysis, test, D 717 (06.01)
metamerism, visual evaluation, D 4086 (06.01)
opaque materials-color differences, visual examination,
practice, D 1729 (06.01)
preparation of standard color solutions (caramel/platinum-
cobalt), for color test on soluble nitrocellulose-base
solutions, D 365 (06.02)
quantifying dirt collection on coated exterior panels, test,
D 3719 (06.02)
relative tinting strength of chromatic paints, test, D 4838 (06.02)
solid aromatic hydrocarbons/related materials (in molten state),
by platinum-cobalt scale, test, D 1686 (06.04)
solution color of 4,4’-isopropylidenediphenol(dissolved in
methanol), test, D 4789 (06.04)
specific luminance of horizontal coatings, (traffic stripe paint
systems/traffic tapes/traffc surface symbols), instrumental
measurement, test, D 4061 (06.01)
strontium chromate pigmedt-mass color/tinting strength, USE
D 387 (v 06.01), D 1845 (06.01)
turpentine-sampling/testing, methods, D 233 (06.03)
Color-retroreflection/retroreflectors
coefficient of retroreflection (of sheeting), test, E 810 (06.01)
color/gloss tolerances, establishing, practice, D 3134 (06.01)
colorimetry of retroreflectors under nighttime conditions,
practice, E 811 (06.01)
683
Composition analysis-paints/related coatings/materials
measuring photometric characteristics of retroreflectors,
practice, E 809 (06.01)
retroreflection-retroreflectors,terminology, practice,
E 808 (06.01)
understanding the properties of high visibility materials (for
individual safety), guide, F 923 (06.01)
Color-tolerances
color/gloss tolerances, establishing, practice, D 3134 (06.01)
Colorants
latex paints (tinted)-color development, test, D 5326 (06.02)
Color difference
opaque materials-color differences, visual examination,
practice, D 1729 (06.01)
Color difference measurements
printed matter-lightfastness/weatherability, by natural
daylight/laboratory exposures, test, D 3424 (06.02)
Colored flat glass
visual color evaluation of transparent sheet materials, practice,
E 1478 (06.01)
Colorimeter
relative tinting strength of printing ink dispersions, test,
D 2066 (06.02)
Colorimetric analysis
color/color-difference of object-color specimens, by tristimulus
(filter) colorimetry, test, E 1347 (06.01)
colorimetry of retroreflectors under nighttime conditions,
practice, E 811 (06.01)
indexes of whiteness/yellowness of near-white opaque materials,
test, E 313 (06.01)
obtaining colorimetric data from a visual display unit (for
minimizing errors), using tristimulus colorimeters, practice,
E 1455 (06.01)
obtaining spectroradiometric data from radiant sources for
colorimetry, practice, E 1341 (06.01)
reflectance factor/color (of object-color specimens), by
spectrophotometry using hemispherical optical measuring
system, test, E 1331 (06.01)
Color index
artists’ paints (oil/resin-oil/alkyd), spec., D 4302 (06.02)
Colorless monomeric acrylate esters
methyl ether of hydroquinone (MEHQ) content of colorless
monomeric acrylate esters, test, D 3125 (06.03)
Color uniformity
latex paints (tinted)-color development, test, D 5326 (06.02)
Color vision tests
observers-selection/evaluation/training, guide, E 1499 (06.01)
Comb gages
wet film thickness of organic coatings, by notched gages,
practice, D 4414 (06.01)
Commercial cyclohexane
See Cyclohexane 995
Commercial density
See Density (heudzngs)
Commercial hexanes
commercial hexanes, spec., D 1836 (06.04)
Comparison techniques
evaluating and comparing transfer conditions-laboratory
conditions, test, D 5009 (06.02)
Compatibility-paints/related coatings/materials
factory-primed wood products (with representative finish
coats)-durability/compatibility, test, D 2830 (06.02)
patch test-coating compatibility, conducting procedure,
practice, D 5064 (06.02)
Composites-wood
edge performance of composite wood products under surfactant
accelerated moisture stress, test, D 2065 (06.02)
Composition analysis-paints/related coatings/materials
chemical analysis of yellow/orange/red/brown pigments
containing iron/maganese, test, D 50 (06.01)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Compressed air
Compressed air Containers-aerosol
oil/water presence in compressed air (used for coating solvent-borne paints-weight percent volatile content, in aerosol
application/air blast cleaning/abrasive blast cleaning), test, cans, test, D 5200 (06.01)
D 4285 (06.02) Containers-fiberboard
Compression testing printed matter-abrasion resistance, by GA-CAT tester,
ring bendability (resistance to cracking/spalling from D 5181 (06.02)
deformation by diametral compression) of pipeline Containers-tank cars/wagons
coatings, squeeze test, G 70 (06.02) sampling and handling aniline, practice, D 3436 (06.04)
Concentration (of elements) sampling/handling liquid cyclic products (at ambient
concentration of formaldehyde solutions, test, D 2194 (06.04) temperature), practice, D 3437 (06.04)
Concrete-paint applications sampling procedures-for paints/pigmented coatings, practice,
sample preparation for qualification testing of coatings (used in D 3925 (06.01)
nuclear power facilities), spec., D 5139 (06.02) sampling/unloading procedures-for cresylic acid/phenol,
Concrete-surfaces practice, D 3852 (06.04)
abrading concrete, practice, D 4259 (06.02) sampling/unloading procedures-for naphthalene/maleic
acid etching concrete, practice, D 4260 (06.02) anhydride/phthalic anhydride, practice, D 3438 (06.04)
capillary moisture, by plastic sheet method, test, D 4263 (06.02) Contamination
chemically cleaned/etched concrete surfaces-pH, test, angle resolved optical scatter measurements on specular/diffuse
D 4262 (06.02) surfaces, test, E 1392 (06.01)
continuity verification of liquid/sheet linings applied to concrete
substrates, practice, D 4787 (06.02) Contamination-nuclear
making and preparing concrete/masonry panels for testing paint use of protective coating standards in nuclear power plants,
finishes, method, D 1734 (06.02) selecting ASTM standards, guide, D 5144 (06.02)
surface cleaning concrete (for coating), practice, D 4258 (06.02) Contamination-paints/coatings applications
surface cleaning concrete unit masonry (for coating), practice, blasting abrasives-water soluble ionic contamination, by
D 4261 (06.02) conductimetric analysis, test, D 4940 (06.02)
Condensation chemical resistance of pipeline coatings, test, G 20 (06.02)
coatings-water resistance, using controlled condensation, decontaminability of coatings used in light-water nuclear power
practice, D 4585 (06.01) plants, test, D 4256 (06.02)
Conditioning Continuity verification
conditioning of materials for tests, def. of terms, E 41 (06.01) continuity verification of liquid/sheet linings applied to concrete
standard environments for conditioning/testing paint/ substrates, practice, D 4787 (06.02)
varnish/lacquer/related materials, spec., D 3924 (06.01) Contractors
Conductance and conductivity (electrical) coating contractor qualification (for nuclear-powered generation
blasting abrasives-water soluble ionic contamination, by facilities), practice, D 4286 (06.02)
conductimetric analysis, test, D 4940 (06.02) Contrast
continuity verification of liquid/sheet linings applied to concrete description/selection of conditions (for photographing
substrates, practice, D 4787 (06.02) specimens), practice, E 312 (06.01)
electrical conductivity of electrocoat baths, test, D 4399 (06.01)
pipeline coatings-cathodic disbonding, accelerated procedures, Contrast ratio
test, G 8 (06.02) contrast ratio of a pair of linear polarizers for visible radiation,
test, F 743 (06.01)
Conductimetric analysis
blasting abrasives-water soluble ionic contamination, by crystallographic axes/contrast ratio of a Pockels cell electro-optic
crystal (in longitudinal mode), test, F 741 (06.01)
conductimetric analysis, test, D 4940 (06.02)
hiding power of paints, by reflectometry, test, A D 2805 (06.01)
Conductivity bridge/cell
electrical conductivity of electrocoat baths, test, D 4399 (06.01) Copal content
Cone-and-plate viscometers lac resins (orange shellac and button-/garnet-/bleached-
Sa Viscometers (headings) lac)/-sampling/testing, D 29 (06.03)
high shear viscosity (of paints/varnishes/related products), by Copper-corrosion
IC1 cone/plate viscometer, test, D 4287 (06.01) copper corrosion of industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, test,
Conformance D 849 (06.04)
certification of coating conformance form, D 5063 (06.02) detection of copper corrosion from petroleum products, by
color/gloss tolerances, establishing, practice, D 3134 (06.01) copper strip tarnish test, A D 130 (06.04)
Conical mandrel apparatus dipentene/related terpene solvents-sampling/testing, methods,
mandrel bend test of attached organic coatings, test, D 801 (06.03)
D 522 (06.01) Copper content
Conjugated diene cellulose pulp (from wood/cotton)-metals (Fe/Cu/Mn,Ca)
spectrophotometric diene value of dehydrated castor content, test, D 4085 (06.03)
oil/derivatives, test, D 1358 (06.03) chemical analysis of cuprous oxide/copper pigments, test,
Conjugated oils D 283 (06.01)
See Oils (headings) Copper phthalocyanine blue
Consequence of coatings failure Sa Phthalocyanine blue
specifying inspection requirements for coating/lining work on chemical analysis of (iron/copper phthalocyanine/ultramarine)
metal substrates, guide, D 5161 (06.02) blue pigments, test, D 1135 (06.01)
Consistency Copper phthalocyanine green
consistency of paints, using Stormer viscometer, test, See Phthalocyanine green
D 562 (06.01) Copper powder
Conspicuity chemical analysis of cuprous oxide/copper pigments, test,
understanding the properties of high visibility materials (for D 283 (06.01)
individual safety), guide, F 923 (06.01) copper powder (for antifouling paints), spec., D 964 (06.03)

684
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Cyclohexane
Copper strip test mandrel bend test of attached organic coatings, test,
detection of copper corrosion from petroleum products, by D 522 (06.01)
copper strip tarnish test, A D 130 (06.04) pipeline coatings-effect of outdoor weathering, test,
Copy materials/products-lithographic G 11 (06.02)
water pickup of lithographic printing inks/vehicles in a specific bendability of pipeline coatings, test, G 10 (06.02)
laboratory mixer, test, D 4942 (06.02) Creepage-edge/& be
Corn oil paintedkoated specimens-corrosive environments, evaluation,
corn oil, spec., D 1842 (06.03) method, D 1654 (06.01)
Corrosion-atmospheric testing Cresol
painted/coated specimens-corrosive environments, evaluation, phenol/cresols/xylenols/naphthalene/pyridi~e/quinoline-water
method, D 1654 (06.01) content, by iodine reagent method, test, D 1631 (06.04)
Corrosion-electrodeposited coatings Cresylic acid
cathodic disbbnding of pipeline coatings, by attached cell and phenol, sampling and handling, practice, D 3852 (06.04)
method, test, G 95 (06.02) color of cresylic acids (“C” series standards), test,
comparative corrosion preventive characteristics of materials D 3627 (06.04)
used for joints/couplings/fittings/patches in pipeline cresylic acid content (of alkaline cresylate solutions), chemical
coatings, test, G 18 (06.02) analysis, D 3439 (06.04)
pipeline coatings-cathodic disbonding, accelerated procedures, pyridine base content in cresylic acid, by direct titration, test,
test, G 8 (06.02) D 4471 (06.04)
Corrosion-paints/related coatings/materials Crude tar acids
coatings-water resistance, using controlled condensation, See Tar acids-crude/refined
practice, D 4585 (06.01) Crystal lattice structure
copper corrosion of industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, test, crystallographic akes/contrast ratio of a Pockels cell electro-optic
D 849 (06.04) crystal (in longitudinal mgde), test, F 741 (06.01)
dipentene/related terpene solvents-sampling/testing, methods, Crystallization
D801 (06.03) solidification point of 4,4’-isopropylidenediphenol(Bisphenol
filiform corrosion resistance, test, D 2803 (06.01) A), test, D 4493 (06.04)
painted/coated specimens-corrosive environments, evaluation, Crystallographic axes
method, D 1654 (06.01) crystallographic axes/contrast ratio of a Pockels cell electro-optic
Corrosion-petroleum products crystal (in longitudinal mode), test, F 741 (06.01)
detection of copper corrosion from petroleum products, by Cube corner retroreflectors
copper strip tarnish test, A D 130 (06.04) understanding the properties of high visibility materials (for
Corrosion-pipeline cwtings individual safety), guide, F 923 (06.01)
cathodic disbonding of pipeline coatings, by attached cell Cumene process
method, test, G 95 (06.02) phenol-major organic impurities produced by cumene process,
comparative corrosion preventive characteristics of materials using gas chromatography, test, D 4961 (06.04)
used for joints/couplings/fittings/patches in pipeline Cuprous oxide
coatings, test, G 18 (06.02) chemical analysis of cuprous oxide/copper pigments, test,
pipeline coatings-cathodic disbonding, accelerated procedures, D 283 (06.01)
test, G 8 (06.02) cuprous oxide (for antifouling paints), spec., D 912 (06.03)
Corrosion-pitting/crevice Curing characteristics
salt spray (fog) testing, method, B 117 (06.01) MEK resistance of ethyl silicate (inorganic) zinc-rich primers,
Corrugated fiberboard boxes by solvent rub, test, D 4752 (06.02)
printed matter-abrasion resistance, by GA-CAT tester, Curing of organic coatings
D 5181 (06.02) See Drying or curing
Cotton Curing time
cellulose pulp (from wood/cotton)-metals (Fe/Cu/Mn,Ca) stroke cure time of thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resins,
content, test, D 4085 (06.03) test, D 4640 (06.03)
Cottonseed oil Current measurement
Sa Fatty acids-specifications comparative corrosion preventive characteristics of materials
cottonseed oil, spec., D 1843 (06.03) used for joints/couplings/fittings/patches in pipeline
Coulometric titration coatings, test, G 18 (06.02)
aromatic hydrocarbons-bromine index, test, D 1492 (06.04) disbonding characteristics of pipeline coatings, by direct soil
Coulometry burial, test, G 19 (06.02)
sulfur (trace quantities) in liquid aromatic hydrocarbons, by Curtain coat
oxidative microcoulometry, test, D 3961 (06.04) industrial water-reducible coatings (pigmented/clear)-selecting
Coulometry-microcoulometry test procedures, guide, D 4712 (06.02)
sulfur (trace quantities) in liquid aromatic hydrocarbons, by Cyanoacrylate adhesive
oxidative microcoulometry, test, D 3961 (06.04) organic coatings-adhesion to plastic substrates, by direct
Couplings tensile testing, D 5179 (06.01)
comparative corrosion preventive characteristics of materials Cyclohexane
used for joints/couplings/fittings/patches in pipeline apparent density of industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, test,
coatings, test, G 18 (06.02) D 2935 (06.04)
Cracking-coatings benzene content of cyclic hydrocarbon products, by gas
continuity verification of liquid/sheet linings applied to concrete chromatography, test, D 4534 (06.04)
substrates, practice, D 4787 (06.02) commercial density (of pure liquid chemicals), test,
edge performance of composite wood products under surfactant D 3505 (06.04)
accelerated moisture stress, test, D 2065 (06.02) sampling/handling liquid cyclic products (at ambient
exterior paints, evaluating, test, A D 661 (06.01) temperature), practice, D 3437 (06.04)

685
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Cyclohexane
trace (total) chloride (organic/inorganic) in liquid aromatic Deformation-paints/related coatings/materials
hydrocarbons, test, D 5194 (06.04) flexibility/adhesion of organic coatings (paints) on prepainted
volume/weight of industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, method, deformed metallic sheets, test, D 4145 (06.02)
D 1555 (06.04) formability/adhesion of zinc-rich primer/chromate complex
Cyclohexane 995 coatings (on steel), test, D 4146 (06.02)
cyclohexane 995-purity/benzene content, by gas chromatog- organic coatings-mar resistance, using balanced beam scrape
raphy, test, D 3054 (06.04) adhesion and mar test, D 5178 (06.01)
cyclohexane 995, spec., D 3055 (06.04) pipeline coatings-penetration resistance, by blunt rod test,
G 17 (06.02)
Cyclohexane 999
resistance of organic coatings to effects of rapid deformation
cyclohexane 999, spec., D 5309 (06.04) (impact), test, D 2794 (06.01)
Cylindrical mandrel apparatus
Degradation
mandrel bend test of attached organic coatings, test,
atmospheric environmental exposure testing of nonmetallic
D 522 (06.01)
materials practice, G 7 (06.01)
conducting exposures of nonmetallic materials to daylight
D filtered through glass, practice, G 24 (06.01)
Damping hardness test goniophotometry of objects/materials, practice, E 167 (06.01)
hardness of organic coatings, by Konig/Persoz pendulum Degradation-paints/related coatings/materials
hardness tests, D 4366 (06.01) accelerated outdoor exposure tests of coatings (applied to metal
Dark chrome yellow substrates), practice, D 4141 (06.01)
See Chrome yellow and orange coatings-water resistance, using controlled condensation,
practice, D 4585 (06.01)
Data analysis conducting tests on paint/varnish/lacquer/related products,
obtaining colorimetric data from a visual display unit (for using enclosed carbon-arc light/water exposure apparatus,
minimizing errors), using tristimulus colorimeters, practice, practice, D 5031 (06.01)
E 1455 (06.01) exposure of paints/related coatings to fluorescent UV-
Data analysis-environmental condensation light-water-exposure apparatus, practice for
retroreflection-retroreflectors,terminology, practice, conducting tests, D 4587 (06.01)
E 808 (06.01) Degree of cure
Data analysis-spectrochemical See Curing characteristics
obtaining spectrophotometric data for object-color evaluation, Degree of dispersion
practice, E 1164 (06.01) Sa Dispersion
Daylight printing inks-fineness of grind, by NPIRI grindometer, test,
Sa Reflectance and reflectivity (headings) D 1316 (06.02)
conducting exposures of nonmetallic materials to daylight Degree of settling
filtered through glass, practice, G 24 (06.01) evaluating degree of settling (pigment suspension/ease of
directional reflectance factor (45-deg 0-deg) of opaque remixing a shelf-aged sample) of paint, test, D 869 (06.02)
specimens, by broad-band filter reflectometry, test,
E 97 (06.01) Degrees of freedom
aromatic hydrocarbons/related chemicals, terminology,
Daylight behind window glass D 4790 (06.04)
printed matter-lightfastness/weatherability, by natural
daylight/laboratory exposures, test, D 3424 (06.02) Degummed soybean oil
See Soybeans-oil
Decomposition points
industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, in distillation tests, Dehydrated castor oil
D 850 (06.04) See Castor oil
Decontamination Densitometer
decontaminability of coatings used in light-water nuclear power relative tinting strength of printing ink dispersions, test,
plants, test, D 4256 (06.02) D 2066 (06.02)
use of protective coating standards in nuclear power plants, Density-paints/related coatings/materials
selecting ASTM standards, guide, D 5144 (06.02) apparent density of industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, test,
Defects-coatings D 2935 (06.04)
reporting paint film failures characteristic of exterior latex aromatic hydrocarbons/related chemicals, terminology,
paints, classification, D 1848 (06.02) D 4790 (06.04)
calculating formulation physical constants of paints/coatings,
Defects-semiconductors practice, D 5201 (06.01)
defect width on optical surfaces, using Nomarski differential commercial density (of pure liquid chemicals), test,
microscopy, test, F 532 (06.01) D 3505 (06.04)
interferometer-uniformity of illumination/focus/vibration, density-paint/varnish/lacquer/related products, test, A D 1475
temperature stability/turbulence/cleanliness/component (06.01)
defects, practice, F 742 (06.01) hydrogen sulfide/sulfur dioxide (qualititative) of industrial
Definition of terms aromatic hydrocarbons, test, D 2363 (06.03)
conditioning of materials for tests, def. of terms, E 41 (06.01) hydroxyethylcellulose, test, D 2364 (06.03)
naval stores (incl. tall oil/related products)-terminology, methylcellulose, test, D 1347 (06.03)
D 804 (06.03) sodium glycolate content of sodium carboxymethylcellulose,
protective coating/lining work for power generation facilities, test, D 1439 (06.03)
terminology, D 4538 (06.02) volume/weight of industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, method,
Deformation D 1555 (06.04)
ring bendability (resistance to cracking/spalling from Density-petroleum products
deformation by diametral compression) of pipeline volume/weight of industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, method,
coatings, squeeze test, G 70 (06.02) D 1555 (06.04)

686
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether (DPM)
Dental tin foil substrate dichloromethane-soluble matter content of cellulose, test,
organic coatings-uniform free film preparation, practice, D 3971 (06.03)
D 4708 (06.01) Dielectric constant (permittivity)/dissipation factor
Deposition comparative corrosion preventive characteristics of materials
polymeric powders-deposition efficiency on moving targets, used for joints/couplings/fittings/patchesin pipeline
test, D 3451 (06.02) coatings, test, G 18 (06.02)
Depth of color water penetration into pipeline coatings, test, G 9 (06.02)
See Color (headings) Dielectrics
Depth of penetration optical components-effective surface roughness, by total
pipeline coatings-penetration resistance, by blunt rod test, integrated scattering, test, F 1048 (06.01)
G 17 (06.02) Diethylbenzene isomers
Desert ethylbenzene-purity/impurities, by gas chromatography, test,
atmospheric environmental exposure testing of nonmetallic D 5060 (06.04)
materials practice, G 7 (06.01) Diethylene glycol
Design-building applications diethylene glycol, spec., D 2694 (06.04)
flue gas desulfurization system components-design/fabrication flash/fire point of liquids, by Tag open-cup apparatus, test,
for protective lining application, spec., D 4618 (06.02) D 1310 (06.01)
Design basis accident (DBA) Difatty secondary amines
use of protective coating standards in nuclear power plants, See Fatty amines
selecting ASTM standards, guide, D 5144 (06.02) Differences in color
Destructively-distilled wood turpentine See Color (headings)
Sa Turpentine Diffraction intensity (of x-rays)
spirits of turpentine, spec., D 13 (06.03) See X-ray diffraction
Destructive testing-coatings Diffuse reflectance
dry film thickness of protective coating systems, by destructive angle resolved optical scatter measurements on specular/diffuse
means, test, D 4138 (06.02) surfaces, test, E 1392 (06.01)
Desulfurization systems obtaining spectrophotometric data for object-color evaluation,
flue gas desulfurization system components-design/fabrication practice, E 1164 (06.01)
for protective lining application, spec., D 4618 (06.02) optical components-effective surface roughness, by total
inspection of linings in operating flue gas desulfurization integrated scattering, test, F 1048 (06.01)
systems, practice, D 4619 (06.02) reflecting characteristics of metallic surfaces, using integrating
Detergent materials/systems-drycleaning sphere instruments, test, E 429 (06.01)
mineral (petroleum) spirits hydrocarbon drycleaning solvent, understanding the properties of high visibility materials (for
spec., D 235 (06.04) individual safety), guide, F 923 (06.01)
Detergent resistance Dillon dynamometer
organic finishes, practice, D 2248 (06.01) thermoplastic traffic marking materials-bond strength, using
Deterioration cement bricks/steel cubes, test, D 4796 (06.02)
water penetration into pipeline coatings, test, G 9 (06.02) Diluents
Deterioration-biodeterioration paint/related coatings- odor (characteristic/residual), test,
emulsion paints (in containers)-microorganism attack D 1296 (06.04)
resistance, test, D 2574 (06.01) Dilutability value
interior coatings-mold growth resistance, 4-week exposure in resin solution dilutability, test, D 5062 (06.03)
environmental chamber, test, D 3273 (06.01)
microbiological discoloration (of paint film surfaces), by exterior Dilution ratio/value
exposure tests, practice, D 3456 (06.01) cellulose nitrate solutions, for active solvents, hydrocarbon
paint films, evaluating degree of surface disfigurement, diluents, and cellulose nitrates, test, D 1720 (06.04)
soluble cellulose nitrate, testing, methods, D 301 (06.03)
A D 3274 (06.01)
Dew cycle Dimer
operating light- and water-exposure apparatus (unfiltered acrylic acid dimer in acrylic acid/unsaturated organic acids, test,
carbon-arc type), in testing paints and related coatings, D 4415 (06.04)
practice, D 3361 (06.01) Dimethyl-benzyl alcohol
Diacetone alcohol phenol-major organic impurities produced by cumene process,
diacetone alcohol, spec., D 2627 (06.04) using gas chromatography, test, D 4961 (06.04)
Diamines Dimethyl ketone
See Fatty diamines See Acetone
Diatomaceous silica pigment Dip application
Sa Silica (diatomaceous) industrial water-reducible coatings (pigmented/clear)-selecting
diatomaceous silica pigment, analysis, test, D 719 (06.01) test procedures, guide, D 4712 (06.02)
Dibasic acids (absence or presence) Dip coater
See Phthalic anhydride content producing films of uniform thickness of paint/varnish/related
Dibenzal method products on test panels, test, D 823 (06.01)
monopentaerythritol in commercial pentaerythritol, by gas Dipentene
chromotography/dibenzal methods, test, D 2195 (06.04) dipentene/related terpene solvents-sampling/testing, methods,
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) D 801 (06.03)
dibutyl phthalate (DBP), 99 % grade, spec., D 608 (06.04) Dipropylene glycol
Dichloromethane dipropylene glycol, spec., D 2696 (06.04)
dichloromethane/ 1,1,1 -trichloroethane content-paints/coatings, propylene glycol/dipropylene glycol, spec., D 5164 (06.04)
by direct injection gas chromatography, test, Dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether (DPM)
D 4457 (06.01) dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, spec., D 4836 (06.04)

687
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether (DPM)
purity of propylene glycol monomethyl ether/dipropylene glycol turpentine-sampling/testing, methods, D 233 (06.03)
monomethyl ether/propylene glycol monomethyl ether vacuum distillation (for vehicle separation in solvent-type
acetate, test, D 4773 (06.04) paints), practice, D 3272 (06.01)
Dip-type viscosity test Distillation-petroleum products
viscosity (of paints/varnishes/lacquers/related materials), by distillation of petroleum products, test, D 86 (06.04)
dip-type viscosity cups, test, D 4212 (06.01) water in petroleum products/bituminous materials, by
Direct aspiration spectrophotometric procedure distillation, test, D 95 (06.04)
Sa Spectrophotometry (headzngs) Distilled fatty acids
lead content in paint, by direct aspiration atomic absorption See Fatty acids-specifications
spectroscopy, test, D 4834 (06.01) Distilled water
Directionality acidity of benzene/toluene/xylenes/solventnaphthas/similar
high-gloss surfaces-gloss, by goniophotometry, test, industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, test, D 847 (06.04)
E 430 (06.01) Distortion
Directionality of surface evaluating interferometers (for uniformity of illumination,
gloss differences-surfaces of similar appearance, visual focus, vibration, temperature stability, turbulence,
evaluation, test, D 4449 (06.01) cleanliness, component defects), practice, F 742 (06.01)
Directional reflectance Divergence angle
See Reflectance and reflectivity (heading$) understanding the properties of high visibility materials (for
Dirt individual safety), guide, F 923 (06.01)
rosin/rosin derivatives-toluene-insoluble solid matter, test, Doctor test
D 269 (06.03) mineral (petroleum) spirits hydrocarbon drycleaning solvent,
Dirt accumulation spec., D 235 (06.04)
quantifying dirt collection on coated exterior panels, test, Documentation
D 3719 (06.02) description/selection of conditions (for photographing
Dirt resistance specimens), practice, E 312 (06.01)
See Resistance-soil
Dolomite \
Disbonding See Calcium carbonate
disbonding characteristics of pipeline coatings, by direct soil
burial, test, G 19 (06.02) Double rub method
specific bendability of pipeline coatings, test, G 10 (06.02) MEK resistance of ethyl silicate (inorganic) zinc-rich primers,
Disbonding-cathodic by solvent rub, test, D 4752 (06.02)
cathodic disbonding of pipeline coatings, by attached cell Douglas fir
method, test, G 95 (06.02) wood used as panels in weathering tests of coatings, spec.,
pipeline coatings-cathodic disbonding, accelerated procedures, D 358 (06.02)
test, G 8 (06.02) Draft test
pipeline coatings subjected to high or cyclic temperatures, test, varnish films, test, D 1643 (06.03)
G 42 (06.02) Drag
specific cathodic disbonding of pipeline coatings, test, comparison of the brush drag of latex paints, test,
G 80 (06.02) D 4958 (06.02)
Discoloration Drawdowns
See Color-discoloration preparing drawdowns of artists’ paste paints, practice,
Discontinuities-coatings D 4941 (06.02)
continuity verification of liquid/sheet linings applied to concrete Draw-down test
substrates, practice, D 4787 (06.02) coil coatings, application using a wire-wound drawdown bar,
‘discontinuity (holiday) testing of nonconductive protective practice, D 4147 (06.02)
coating on metallic substrates, practice, D 5162 (06.02) leveling-paints (water-/solvent-reducible), by draw-down
Dispersion method, test, D 4062 (06.02)
Sa Pigment dispersion (paints/related coatings/materials) paint spatter resistance to roller application, test, D 4707 (06.02)
obtaining spectrophotometric data for object-color evaluation, sag resistance-liquid coatings (aqueous/nonaqueous), using
practice, E 1164 (06.01) multinotch applicator, test, D 4400 (06.02)
printing ink dispersions-coarse particle (>45 Fm) weight Driers
concentration, by sieve retention, test, D 2067 (06.02) cerium content, by EDTA method, test, D 3970 (06.01)
Dissolved water clarity/cleanness of (nonpigmented) paint and ink liquids, by
dipentene/related terpene solvents-dissolved water content, visual examination, test, D 2090 (06.03)
method, D 801 (06.03) cobalt content-paint driers, by EDTA method, test,
Distillation-bituminous materials D 2373 (06.01)
water in petroleum products/bituminous materials, by driers/drying oils/naval stores/solvents-volatile/nonvolatile
distillation, test, D 95 (06.04) content, selecting test methods, guide, D 4140 (06.01)
Distillation-paints/related coatings/materials iron in liquid iron paint driers, by EDTA method, test,
cresylic acid content (of alkaline cresylate solutions), chemical D 3804 (06.01)
analysis, D 3439 (06.04) lead content-paint driers, by EDTA method, test,
dipentene/related terpene solvents-distillation (using D 86), D 2374 (06.01)
method, D 801 (06.03) liquid paint driers, selection of test methods, D 564 (06.01)
distillation of industrial aromatic hydrocarbons/related liquid paint driers, spec., D 600 (06.04)
materials, test, D 850 (06.04) paint driers-calcium/zinc content, by EDTA method, test,
distillation of petroleum products, test, D 86 (06.04) D 2613 (06.01)
distillation range (between 30 and 350°C) of volatile organic paint driers-manganese content, by EDTA method, test,
liquids, test, D 1078 (06.04) D 2375 (06.01)
ethyl acetate (all grades), spec., D 4614 (06.04) rare earth metals-paint driers, by EDTA method, test,
pine oils-sampling/testing, methods, D 802 (06.03) D 3989 (06.01)

688
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
vanadium content-paint driers, by EDTA method, test,
D 3988 (06.01)
zirconium content-paint driers, by EDTA method, test,
D 3969 (06.01)
Drop black
See Bone black
Drop tests
pipeline coatings-impact resistance, by limestone drop test,
G 13 (06.02)
Dry bleached lac
See Bleached lac
Dry film thickness
coatings on wood products-dry film thickness, microscopical
measurement, test, D 5235 (06.02)
coil coatings, application using a wire-wound drawdown bar,
practice, D 4147 (06.02)
dry-film thickness of organic coatings, using micrometers, test,
D 1005 (06.01)
dry film thickness of protective coating systems, by destructive
means, test, D 4138 (06.02)
erosion testing of antifouling paints, using high velocity water,
test, D 4938 (06.02)
film thickness of pipeline coatings on steel, nondestructive
measurement, method, G 12 (06.02)
nonconductive coatings-dry film thickness, nondestructive
measurement, test, D 1400 (06.01)
nonmagnetic coatings (paint/varnish/lacquer), applied to a
ferrous base, D 1186 (06.01)
pipeline coatings-penetration resistance, by blunt rod test,
G 17 (06.02)
subjecting marine antifouling coating to bifouling and fluid
shear forces in natural seawater, test, D 4939 (06.02)
Drying oils
See Oils-drying
Drying or curing
coatings, by ultra-violet techniques, practice for reporting cure
time, D 3732 (06.02)
MEK resistance of ethyl silicate (inorganic) zinc-rich primers,
by solvent rub, test, D 4752 (06.02)
organic coatings, at room temperature, determination of film
formation rates, test, D 1640 (06.03)
shellac varnish-sampling/testing, D 1650 (06.03)
soluble cellulose nitrate, testing, methods, D 301 (06.03)
temperature of applied coatings on wood products during the
curing cycle, by infrared radiation thermometers, practice,
D 3259 (06.02)
Drying time
shellac varnish-sampling/testing, D 1650 (06.03)
Dry red lead
See Red pigments
Durability
accelerated outdoor exposure tests of coatings (applied to metal
substrates), practice, D 4141 (06.01)
comparison of the brush drag of latex paints, test,
D 4958 (06.02)
conducting exterior exposure tests of house/trim paints on
new/unpainted wood, practice, D 1006 (06.01)
exterior durability (of varnishes), test, D 1641 (06.03)
exterior paints-degree of flaking (scaling), test, A D 772 (06.01)
factory-primed wood products (with representative finish
coats)-durability/compatibility, test, D 2830 (06.02)
performing accelerated outdoor weathering of nonmetallic
materials, using concentrated natural sunlight, practice,
G 90 (06.01)
Dutch white
See Basic carbonate white lead
Dynamic viscosity
See Viscosity (headings)
689
Electrical measurements-coating applications
Dynamometer testing
thermoplastic traffic marking materials-bond strength, using
cement bricks/steel cubes, test, D 4796 (06.02)
E
Earth pigments
See Ochre
Sa Sienna/Umber (burnt and raw)
Ease of brushing
comparison of the brush drag of latex paints, test,
D 4958 (06.02)
Eccentric center wheel wet film thickness gage
wet film thickness of organic coatings, D 1212 (06.01)
Eddy current examination
See Electromagnetic (eddy current) testing
Eddy current thickness gages
nonconductive coatings-dry film thickness, nondestructive
measurement, test, D 1400 (06.01)
Edge performance
edge performance of composite wood products under surfactant
accelerated moisture stress, test, D 2065 (06.02)
EDTA method
cobalt content-paint driers, by EDTA method, test,
D 2373 (06.01)
iron content in paint driers, test, D 3804 (06.01)
lead content-paint driers, by EDTA method, test,
D 2374 (06.01)
paint driers-calcium/zinc content, by EDTA method, test,
D 2613 (06.01)
paint driers-manganese content, by EDTA method, test,
D 2375 (06.01)
rare earth metals-paint driers, by EDTA method, test,
D 3989 (06.01)
vanadium content-paint driers, by EDTA method, test,
D 3988 (06.01)
zirconium content-paint driers, by EDTA method, test,
D 3969 (06.01)
Effective surface roughness
optical components-effective surface roughness, by total
integrated scattering, test, F 1048 (06.01)
Efflorescence
interior coatings (of water-base paints), test, D 1736 (06.02)
reporting paint film failures characteristic of exterior latex
paints, classification, D 1848 (06.02)
Efflux cups
viscosity of paints/related materials, by IS0 flow cups, test,
D 5125 (06.01)
Elasticity
elasticity/toughness of varnishes, test, D 1642 (06.03)
Electrical conductors-semiconductors
specular reflectance/transmittanceof optically flat-coated/
non-coated specimens, test, F 768 (06.01)
Electrical insulating solids
orange shellac/other indian lacs for electrical insulation, spec.,
D 784 (06.03)
shellac (dry/powdered) used for electrical insulation, selecting
test methods, D 411 (06.03)
Electrically nonconductive coatings
nonconductive coatings-dry film thickness, nondestructive
measurement, test, D 1400 (06.01)
Electrical measurements-coating applications
comparative corrosion preventive characteristics of materials
used for joints/couplings/fittings/patches in pipeline
coatings, test, G 18 (06.02)
disbonding characteristics of pipeline coatings, by direct soil
burial, test, G 19 (06.02)
discontinuity (holiday) testing of nonconductive protective
coating on metallic substrates, practice, D 5162 (06.02)
 Index of ASTM Stisndards, Section 6
Electrical measurements-coating applications
nonconductive coatings-dry film thickness, nondestructive
measurement, test, D 1400 (06.01)
pipeline coatings-cathodic disbonding, accelerated procedures,
test, G 8 (06.02)
pipeline coatings-effect of outdoor weathering, test,
G 11 (06.02)
pipeline coatings-impact resistance, by falling weight test,
G 14 (06.02)
pipeline coatings-impact resistance, by limestone drop test,
G 13 (06.02)
water penetration into pipeline coatings, test, G 9 (06.02)
Electrical stress
cathodic disbonding of pipeline coatings, by attached cell
method, test, G 95 (06.02)
pipeline coatings-cathodic disbonding, accelerated procedures,
test, G 8 (06.02)
Electrochemical measurements
nitrobenzene in aniline, test, D 4589 (06.04)
Electrocoat baths
acid/base milliequivalent content of (anodic/cathodic)
electrocoat baths/their ultrafiltrates, test, D 4370 (06.01)
analysis of electrocoat bath samples, guide, D 1978 (06.01)
electrical conductivity of electrocoat baths, test, D 4399 (06.01)
electrocoat baths-apparent pH, test, D 4584 (06.01)
nonvolatile and pigment content of electrocoat baths, using
~
muffle furnace, test, D 5145 (06.01)
,
~
I
Electroluminescence
understanding the properties of high visibility materials (for
individual safety), guide, F 923 (06.01)
1 Electrostatic spray application
evaluating and comparing transfer conditions-laboratory
conditions, test, D 5009 (06.02)
industrial water-reducible coatings (pigmented/Clear)-selecting
test procedures, guide, D 4712 (06.02)
Elongation-attached organic coatings
elongation/tensile strength/stiffness, test, D 2370 (06.01)
mandrel bend test of attached organic coatings, test,
D 522 (06.01)
Emergent stem temperature corrections
distillation of industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, test,
D 850 (06.04)
Emulsion vehicles (for paints/related coatings)
blocking resistance of trade sales paints, test, D 4946 (06.02)
freeze-thaw resistance of water-borne coatings, test,
D 2243 (06.02)
industrial water-reducible coatings (pigmented/clear)-selecting
test procedures, guide, D 4712 (06.02)
minimum film formation temperature (MFFT) of emulsion
vehicles, test, D 2354 (06.02)
volatile/nonvolatile content-cellulosics/emulsions/resin
solutions/shellac/varnishes, selecting test procedures,
practice, D 4209 (06.01)
Enamel coatings
See Coatings-enamel
End product dispersion stability
See Stability (headings)
Energy output-input curves
slope efficiency and lasing threshold of ruby laser rods, test,
F 379 (06.01)
English china clay
See Aluminum silicate
Entrance angle
understanding the properties of high visibility materials (for
individual safety), guide, F 923 (06.01)
Epidemiology
water-soluble chromates-safety/health requirements relating to
occupational exposure, practice, E 848 (06.01)
Epoxide equivalent weight (EEW)
epoxy content of epoxy resins, test, D 1652 (06.03)
690
~
Epoxy (EP) plastics-coatings
subjecting marine antifouling coating to bifouling and fluid
shear forces in natural seawater, test, D 4939 (06.02)
Epoxy resins
epoxy content of epoxy resins, test, D 1652 (06.03)
epoxy resins-selecting test procedures, guide, D 4142 (06.03)
liquid epoxy resins-hydrolyzable chloride content, test,
D 1726 (06.03)
nitrogen (total) content of nitrogen-containing plastics/
resins/resin solutions, test, D 1013 (06.03)
thermoplastic traffic marking materials-bond strength, using
cement bricks/steel cubes, test, D 4796 (06.02)
total chlorine content in epoxy resins/compounds, test,
D 4301 (06.03)
total chlorine content, test, D 1847 (06.03)
Equilibrium method
flash point of liquids, test, D 3941 (06.01)
Erosion
erosion testing of antifouling paints, using high velocity water,
test, D 4938 (06.02)
exterior paifits, method for evaluating, A D 662 (06.01)
interior paints-wet abrasion resistance to scrubbing, test,
D 4213 (06.02)
practical washability of organic coatings, test, D 4828 (06.02)
Errors
obtaining colorimetric data from a visual display unit (for
minimizing errors), using tristimulus colorimeters, practice,
E 1455 (06.01)
Esters
acetate esters-alcohol content/purity, by gas chromatography,
test, D 3545 (06.04)
n-butyl acetate (all grades), spec., D 4615 (06.04)
ester value of solvents and thinners, test, D 1617 (06.04)
ethyl acetate (all grades), spec., D 4614 (06.04)
hexyl acetate, spec., D 5137 (06.04)
isobutyl acetate (95 % grade), spec., D 1718 (06.04)
lacquer solvents-heptane miscibility, test, D 1476 (06.04)
n-propyl acetate (96 % grade), spec., D 3130 (06.04)
phthalic anhydride content- in presence of dibasic acids, by
gravimetric test, D 1306 (06.03)
primary (synthetic) amyl acetate (98 % grade), spec.,
D 3540 (06.04)
Ester value
ester value of solvents and thinners, test, D 1617 (06.04)
Etching
acid etching concrete, practice, D 4260 (06.02)
Etherification
sodium glycolate content of sodium carboxymethylcellulose,
test, D 1439 (06.03)
Ethoxy ethanol
2-ethoxyethanol, spec., D 331 (06.04)
Ethoxyethyl acetate
2-ethoxyethyl acetate (99 % grade), spec., D 3728 (06.04)
acetate esters-alcohol content/purity, by gas chromatography,
test, D 3545 (06.04)
Ethoxyl content
ethylcellulose, test, D 914 (06.03)
Ethoxyl substitution
ethoxyl substitution in cellulose ether products, by gas
chromatography, test, D 4794 (06.03)
Ethyl acetate
acetate esters-alcohol content/purity, by gas chromatography,
test, D 3545 (06.04)
ethyl acetate (all grades), spec., D 4614 (06.04)
Ethyl acrylate
ethyl acrylate (98.5 % grade), spec., D 3548 (06.04)
purity, by gas chromatography, test, D 3362 (06.04)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Exposure tests-organic coatings
Ethy1benzene carbon-arc light-exposure apparatus-nonmetallic materials,
aromatics (ethylbenzene and eight-carbon (C,/heavier) content operating with/without water, practice, G 23 (06.01)
in mineral spirits, by gas chromatography, test, conducting tests on paint/varnish/lacquer/related products,
D 3257 (06.04) using enclosed carbon-arc light/water exposure apparatus,
ethylbenzene-purity/impurities, by gas chromatography, test, practice, D 5031 (06.01)
D 5060 (06.04) filtered open flame carbon-arc light/water exposure apparatus-
ethylbenzene, spec., D 3193 (06.04) paints and related coatings/materials, conducting
purity of hydrocarbons from freezing points, test, accelerated tests (using G 23), practice, D 822 (06.01)
D 1016 (06.04) Exposure tests-corrosive environments
sampling/handling liquid cyclic products (at ambient evaluating filiform corrosion resistance of organic coatings on
temperature), practice, D 3437 (06.04) metal, test, D 2803 (06.01)
trace (total) chloride (organic/inorganic) in liquid aromatic painted/coated specimens-corrosive environments, evaluation,
hydrocarbons, test, D 5194 (06.04) method, D 1654 (06.01)
Ethylcellulose Exposure tests-exterior
ethylcellulose, methods of testing, D 914 (06.03) accelerated outdoor exposure tests of coatings (applied to metal
Ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA) substrates), practice, D 4141 (06.01)
See EDTA method conducting exterior exposure tests of (exterior) paints on steel,
Ethylene glycol test, D 1014 (06.02)
ethylene glycol, spec., D 2693 (06.04) conducting exterior exposure tests of house/trim paints on
glycerol/ethylene glycol/pentaerythritol in alkyd resins, test, new/unpainted wood, practice, D 1006 (06.01)
D 1615 (06.03) industrial water-reducible coatings (pigmented/clear)-selecting
Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether test procedures, guide, D 4712 (06.02)
See 2-Butoxyethanol pipeline coatings-effect of outdoor weathering, test,
Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether G 11 (06.02)
See 2-Butoxyethanol printed matter-lightfastness/weatherability, by natural
Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether daylight/laboratory exposures, test, D 3424 (06.02)
See Methoxy ethanol quantifying dirt collection on coated exterior panels, test,
2-Ethylhexanol D 3719 (06.02)
2-ethylhexanol (synthetic), spec., D 1969 (06.04) Exposure tests-fluorescent-UV apparatus
ethyl methyl pentanol content/purity value of 2-ethylhexanol, exposure of paints/related coatings to fluorescent UV-
by gas chromatography, test, D 5008 (06.04) condensation light-water-exposure apparatus, practice for
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate conducting tests, D 4587 (06.01)
2-ethylhexyl acrylate, spec., D 3541 (06.04) operating light-/water-exposure apparatus (fluorescent-UV
Ethyl iodide condensation type) for exposure of nonmetallic materials,
ethoxyl substitution in cellulose ether products, by gas practice, G 53 (06.01)
chromatography, test, D 4794 (06.03) Exposure tests-light
Ethyl methyl pentanol content conducting exposures of nonmetallic materials to daylight
ethyl methyl pentanol contentlpurity value of 2-ethylhexanol, filtered through glass, practice, G 24 (06.01)
by gas chromatography, test, D 5008 (06.04) conducting tests on paint/varnish/lacquer/relatedproducts,
Ethyl silicate (inorganic) primer using enclosed carbon-arc light/water exposure apparatus,
Sa Primer practice, D 5031 (06.01)
MEK resistance of ethyl silicate (inorganic) zinc-rich primers, filtered open flame carbon-arc light/water exposure apparatus-
by solvent rub, test, D 4752 (06.02) paints and related coatings/materials, conducting
Evaporation-rate/time accelerated tests (using G 23), practice, D 822 (06.01)
volatile liquids with low viscosity, test, D 3539 (06.01) lightfastness of pigments (in artists' paints), test, D 4303 (06.02)
Exempted solvents operating light-exposure apparatus (xenon-arc type) with/
Sa Solvents (headings) without water for exposure of nonmetallic materials,
dichloromethane/ 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane content-paintslcoatings, practice, G 26 (06.01)
by direct injection gas chromatography, test, operating light-/water-exposure apparatus (fluorescent-UV
D 4457 (06.01) condensation type) '-3r exposure of nonmetallic materials,
Expected flash point practice, G 53 (06.01)
See Flash point (headings) printed matter-lightfastness/weatherability, by natural
Exposure tests daylight/laboratory exposures, test, D 3424 (06.02)
coatings-water resistance in 100 % relative humidity, practice, Exposure tests-organic coatings
D 2247 (06.01) coatings-water resistance in 100 % relative humidity, practice,
coatings-water resistance, using controlled condensation, D 2247 (06.01)
practice, D 4585 (06.01) coatings-water resistance, using (distilled/de-mineralized) water
freeze-thaw resistance of water-borne coatings, test, immersion, practice, D 870 (06.01)
D 2243 (06.02) coatings-water resistance, using water fog apparatus, practice,
nonmetallic materials-natural/artificial weathering, D 1735 (06.01)
terminology, G 113 (06.01) detergent resistance, practice, D 2248 (06.01)
Exposure tests-atmospheric effects of overbaking on organic coatings, practice,
atmospheric environmental exposure testing of nonmetallic D 2454 (06.01)
materials practice, G 7 (06.01) evaluating filiform corrosion resistance, test, D 2803 (06.01)
performing accelerated outdoor weathering of nonmetallic evaluating (interior/exterior) coatings for protecting steel
materials, using concentrated natural sunlight, practice, surfaces at high-temperature service, test, A D 2485 (06.01)
G 90 (06.01) interior coatings-mold growth resistance, 4-week exposure in
Exposure tests-carbon-arc apparatus environmental chamber, test, D 3273 (06.01)
carbon-arc light- and water-exposure apparatus, unfiltered, by painted/coated specimens-corrosive environments, evaluation,
Dew cycle, practice for operating, D 3361 (06.01) method, D 1654 (06.01)

69 1
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Exposure tests-organic coatings
wood used as panels in weathering tests of coatings, spec., Face flatness
D 358 (06.02) polished optical (laser glass planar) surfaces, with Fizeau
Exposure tests-ultraviolet interferometer, test, F 579 (06.01)
See Ultraviolet (UV) light/radiation Face glazing and bedding compounds-metal sash
Exposure tests-ultraviolet-cured coatings slump of face glazing/bedding compounds on metal sash, test,
cure time, practice for reporting, D 3732 (06.02) D 2376 (06.02)
estimating package stability of coatings for ultraviolet curing, Face parallelism
test, D 4144 (06.02) polished circular/elliptical laser disks, using a Fizeau
Exposure tests-water interferometer, test, F 531 (06.01)
erosion testing of antifouling paints, using high velocity water, Factory-applied organic coatings
test, D 4938 (06.02) See Organic coatings
subjecting marine antifouling coating to bifouling and fluid Factory primed wood
shear forces in natural seawater, test, D 4939 (06.02) factory-primed wood products (with representative finish
Exposure tests-xenon-arc apparatus coats)-durability/compatibility, test, D 2830 (06.02)
operating light-exposure apparatus (xenon-arc type) with/ Failure end point
without water for exposure of nonmetallic materials, pull-off strength of coatings, using portable adhesion testers,
practice, G 26 (06.01) test, D 4541 (06.02)
Exposure time reporting paint film failures characteristic of exterior latex
description/selectionof conditions (for photographing paints, classification, D 1848 (06.02)
specimens), practice, E 312 (06.01) Falling rod viscometer
Extender pigments viscosity of printing inks/vehicles, by falling-rod viscometer,
Sa Aluminum silicate/Barium sulfate/Calcium test, D 4040 (06.02)
carbonate/Calcium sulfate Falling sand abrasion test
Magnesium silicate organic coatings-abrasion resistance, by falling abrasive, test,
Pigments (general properties) D 968 (06.01)
Silica (diatomaceous) Falling stones
particle size distribution, by hydrometer of common white pipeline coatings-impact resistance, by limestone drop test,
extender pigments, test, D 3360 (06.03) G 13 (06.02)
yellow/orange/green pigments containing lead chromate/ Falling weight test
chromium oxide green, analysis, test, D 126 (06.01) pipeuline coatings-impact resistance, by falling weight test,
Exterior durability G 14 (06.02)
See Durability Fan coat
Exterior paints/coatings industrial water-reducible coatings (pigmented/clear)-selecting
architectural coatings (solvent-borne interior/exterior), selecting test procedures, guide, D 4712 (06.02)
test methods, index, D 5146 (06.02) Farnswell-Munsell 100 hue test
architectural coatings (solvent-/water-thinned),selecting test observers-selection/evaluation/training, guide, E 1499 (06.01)
methods, index, D 2833 (06.02) Fatty acids-general
architectural coatings (water-borne)-selecting test procedures, fatty acid composition, by gas-liquid chromatography of methyl
for interior/exterior use, guide, D 5324 (06.02) esters, test, D 1983 (06.03)
coatings-water resistance in 100 % relative humidity, practice, fatty acids used in protective coatings-terminology and
D 2247 (06.01) selecting test methods, guide, D 1467 (06.03)
conducting exterior exposure tests of house/trim paints on identification of oils and oil acids in solvent-reducible paints,
new/unpainted wood, practice, D 1006 (06.01) test, D 2245 (06.01)
degree of checking, evaluation, test, A D 660 (06.01) liquid oils/fatty acids-sampling, used in paint/varnish/related
degree of cracking, evaluation, test, A D 661 (06.01) products, test, D 1466 (06.03)
degree of erosion, evaluation, A D 662 (06.01) preparation of methyl esters from fatty acids, for fatty acid
exterior paints-degree of flaking (scaling), test, A D 772 (06.01) composition analysis, test, D 3457 (06.03)
exterior solvent-reducible house/trim coatings-selecting test Fatty acids-specifications
procedures, guide, D 2932 (06.02) coconut oil, spec., D 1841 (06.03)
house paints (exterior latex)-selecting test procedures, guide, corn oil, spec., D 1842 (06.03)
D 3129 (06.02) cottonseed oil, spec., D 1843 (06.03)
quantifying dirt collection on coated exterior panels, test, dehydrated castor oil, spec., D 1539 (06.03)
D 3719 (06.02) linseed oil, spec., D 1538 (06.03)
reporting paint film failures characteristic of exterior latex soybean oil, spec., D 1537 (06.03)
paints, classification, D 1848 (06.02) tall oil, spec., D 1984 (06.03)
Extraction methods Fatty acids-tests
naval stores-unsaponifiable matter, incl. rosin/tall oil/related acid value of fatty acids/polymerized fatty acids, test,
products, test, D 1065 (06.03) D 1980 (06.03)
Extractives content ash content, test, D 1951 (06.03)
dichloromethane-solublematter content of cellulose, test, clarity/cleanness of (nonpigmented) paint and ink liquids, by
D 3971 (06.03) visual examination, test, D 2090 (06.03)
color after heating, test, D 1981 (06.03)
fatty acids used in protective coatings-terminology and
F selecting test methods, guide, D 1467 (06.03)
-~
Fabrication fish oil content, by gas-liquid chromatography, test,
abrasive blast-cleaned steel surfaces-surface profile, field D 3725 (06.03)
measurement in laboratory/field/fabricating shop, test, Gardner color scale-transparent liquids, test, D 1544 (06.01)
D 4417 (06.02) hydroxyl value of fatty oils/acids, test, D 1957 (06.03)
flue gas desulfurization system components-design/fabrication iodine value, test, D 1959 (06.03)
for protective lining application, spec., D 4618 (06.02) polymerized fatty acids, selecting test methods, D 2575 (06.03)

692
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Film failure
rosin acid content, test, D 1240 (06.03) Feedstock
saponification value of drying oils/fatty acids/polymerized fatty xylenes for p-xylene feedstock, spec., D 5211 (06.04)
acids, test, D 1962 (06.03) Ferric chloride
solidification (titer) point of fatty acids, test, D 1982 (06.03) methylol group determination (qualitative) in phenolic resins,
specific gravity at 25/25"C, test, D 1963 (06.03) test, D 4706 (06.03)
unsaponifiable matter in drying oils/fatty acids/polymerized Ferric oxide
fatty acids, test, D 1965 (06.03) Sa Iron oxide pigments
Fatty acids content ferric o x a e in barium sulfate pigment, test, D 715 (06.01)
alkyd resins and alkyd resin solutions, test, D 1398 (06.03) Ferrite pigments
fatty acid composition, by gas-liquid chromatography of methyl See Iron oxide black
esters, test, D 1983 (06.03)
Ferrous iron content
oleic acid content of tall oil rosin, test, D 1585 (06.03)
iron oxide black (natural)- chemical analysis, test
preparation of methyl esters from fatty acids, for fatty acid
D 3872 (06.01)
composition analysis, test, D 3457 (06.03)
tall oil-testing, methods, D 803 (06.03) Ferrous sulfate titration
nitrogen content of soluble nitrocellulose, by ferrous sulfate
Fatty amidoamines procedure, test, D 4795 (06.03)
fatty nitrogen compounds-selection of test methods,
D 2071 (06.03) Ferrule dimensions
iodine value, by Wijs procedure, test, D 2075 (06.03) paint brushes-physical characterization, practice,
total/primary/secondary/tertiary amine values of fatty D 5301 (06.02)
amines/amidoamines/diamines,by referee potentiometric Fiber-optic light
method, test, D 2073 (06.03) See Light-transmission and reflection
water content, test. D 2072 (06.03) Fibrous magnesium silicate
Fatty amines See Magnesium silicate
fatty nitrogen compounds-selection of test methods, Field testing-paints/related coatings/materials
D 2071 (06.03) abrasive blast-cleaned steel surfaces-surface profile, field
iodine value, by Wijs procedure, test, D 2075 (06.03) measurement in laboratory/field/fabricatingshop, test,
non-amine component content of fatty amines/nonamines, test, D 4417 (06.02)
D 2082 (06.03) aged coatings on steel surfaces-visual assessment, guide,
percent of amines (primary/secondary/tertiary) in fatty amines, D 5065 (06.02)
test, D 2083 (06.03) blasting abrasives-water soluble ionic contamination, by
total/primary/secondary/tertiary amine values of fatty conductimetric analysis, test, D 4940 (06.02)
amines/amidoamines/diamines, by referee potentiometric field identification of coatings, test, D 5043 (06.02)
method, test, D 2073 (06.03) patch test-coating compatibility, conducting procedure,
total/primary/secondary/tertiary amine values of fatty amines, practice, D 5064 (06.02)
by alternative indicator method, test, D 2074 (06.03) Filiform corrosion resistance
water content, test, D 2072 (06.03) Sa Corrosion (headings)
Fatty diamines organic coatings on metal, test, D 2803 (06.01)
fatty nitrogen compounds-selection of test methods, Film
D 2071 (06.03) exposure of paints/related coatings to fluorescent UV-
iodine value, by Wijs procedure, test, D 2075 (06.03) condensation light-water-exposure apparatus, practice for
non-amine component content of fatty amines/nonamines, test, conducting tests, D 4587 (06.01)
D 2082 (06.03) mandrel bend test of attached organic coatings, test,
total/primary/secondary/tertiary amine values of fatty D 522 (06.01)
amines/amidoamines/diamines, by referee potentiometric organic coatings-film hardness, by pencil test, D 3363 (06.01)
method, test, D 2073 (06.03) organic coatings-uniform free film preparation, practice,
water content, test, D 2072 (06.03) D 4708 (06.01)
Fatty matter content porosity of paint films (to indicate coating penetration), test,
sampling/testing flaked aluminum powders/pastes, methods, D 3258 (06.02)
D 480 (06.03) preparing drawdowns of artists' paste paints, practice,
D 4941 (06.02)
Fatty nitrogen compounds producing films of uniform thickness of paint/varnish/related
fatty nitrogen compounds-selection of test methods, products on test panels, test, D 823 (06.01)
D 2071 (06.03) reporting paint film failures characteristic of exterior latex
identification of oils and oil acids in solvent-reducible paints, paints, classification, D 1848 (06.02)
test, D 2245 (06.01)
Film-dry film thickness
non-amine component content of fatty amines/nonamines, test, See Dry film thickness
D 2082 (06.03)
water content, test, D 2072 (06.03) Film-electrical conductors
soluble cellulose nitrate, testing, methods, D 301 (06.03)
Fatty quaternary ammonium chlorides
acid/amine value of fatty quaternary ammonium chlorides, test, Film-formation rates
D 2076 (06.03) industrial water-reducible coatings (pigmented/clear)-selecting
ash content, test, D 2077 (06.03) test procedures, guide, D 4712 (06.02)
average molecular weight determination, test, D 2080 (06.03) minimum film formation temperature (MFFT) of emulsion
fatty nitrogen compounds-selection of test methods, vehicles, test, D 2354 (06.02)
D 2071 (06.03) organic coatings (at room temperature), test, D 1640 (06.03)
iodine value, test, D 2078 (06.03) Film-wet film thickness
nonvolatile matter (solids) content, test, D 2079 (06.03) wet film thickness of organic coatings, D 1212 (06.01)
pH, test, D 2081 (06.03) Film failure
water content, test, D 2072 (06.03) See Failure end point (headings)

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 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Filter-retained solids
Filter-retained solids Flame photometric detectors (FPD)
filter-retained solids content of polymer latexes, test, thiophene content of refined benzene, by gas chromatography
D 5097 (06.03) (with flame photometric detection), test, D 4735 (06.04)
Fineness Flame spread
reporting particle size characteristics of pigments, practice, small-scale evaluation of fire-retardant paints, by 2-foot tunnel
D 1366 (06.03) method, test, D 3806 (06.01)
Fineness of grind (dispersion) Flammability-paints/related coatings/materials
fineness of dispersion of pigment-vehicle systems, test, fire retardancy of paints, by cabinet method, test, A D 1360
D 1210 (06.01) (06.01)
printing inks-fineness of grind, by NPIRI grindometer, test, flash/fire point of liquids, by Tag open-cup apparatus, test,
D 1316 (06.02) D 1310 (06.01)
Finger-rub test small-scale evaluation of fire-retardant paints, by 2-foot tunnel
field identification of coatings, test, D 5043 (06.02) method, test, D 3806 (06.01)
Finite closed-cup flash point methods sustained burning (of liquid mixtures), by Seta-flash tester (open
See Flash point (headings) cup), test, D 4206 (06.01)
Fire retardancy sustained burning (of low viscosity liquid mixtures), by Wick
See Fire testing-fire/flame retardancy test, D 4207 (06.01)
Fire testing-paints/related coatings/materials Flammability-petroleum products
fire retardancy of paints, by cabinet method, test, A D 1360 flash/fire point of liquids, by Tag open-cup apparatus, test,
(06.01) D 1310 (06.01)
flash/fire point of liquids, by Tag open-cup apparatus, test, Flash/no flash method
D 1310 (06.01) compliance by liquids of closed-cup flash point specifications,
small-scale evaluation of fire-retardant paints, by 2-foot tunnel D 3934 (06.01)
method, test, D 3806 (06.01) Flash point-liquids
sustained burning (of liquid mixtures), by Seta-flash tester (open equilibrium method, test, D 3941 (06.01)
cup), test, D 4206 (06.01) flash/fire point of liquids, by Tag open-cup apparatus, test,
sustained burning (of low viscosity liquid mixtures), by Wick D 1310 (06.01)
test, D 4207 (06.01) flash/no flashaequilibrium method, D 3934 (06.01)
Fire testing-petroleum products flash point by Tag closed tester, test, D 56 (06.04)
flash/fire point of liquids, by Tag open-cup apparatus, test, flash point (of fuel oils/lube oils/suspension of solids/liquids), by
D 1310 (06.01) Pensky-Martens closed tester, test, D 93 (06.01)
First aid flash point of liquids, by Setaflash closed-cup apparatus, test,
handling/sampling phenol and cresylic acid, practice, D 3278 (06.01)
D 3852 (06.04) sustained burning (of liquid mixtures), by Seta-flash tester (open
sampling and handling aniline, practice, D 3436 (06.04) cup), test, D 4206 (06.01)
Fischer reagent method (for water content) sustained burning (of low viscosity liquid mixtures), by Wick
See Karl Fischer reagent method test, D 4207 (06.01)
Fish oil content tall oil-testing, methods, D 803 (06.03)
fish oil content of drying oils and their fatty acids, by gas-liquid Flat-coated optical specimens
chromatography, test, D 3725 (06.03) specular reflectance/transmittance of optically flat-coated/
Fittings non-coated specimens, test, F 768 (06.01)
comparative corrosion preventive characteristics of materials Flat glass
used for joints/couplings/fittings/patches in pipeline visual color evaluation of transparent sheet materials, practice,
coatings, test, G 18 (06.02) E 1478 (06.01)
Five-degree xylene/5" xylol
See Xylene (five-degree) Flat interior latex paint
See Latex paints
Fixed alignment adhesion tester
pull-off strength of coatings, using portable adhesion testers, Flatness
test, D 4541 (06.02) evaluating interferometers (for uniformity of illumination,
Fizeau interferometer focus, vibration, temperature stability, turbulence,
wavefront deviation (peak-to-valley) of polished optical (laser cleanliness, component defects), practice, F 742 (06.01)
glass planar) surfaces, test, F 579 (06.01) Flat optical surfaces
wavefront distortion/face parallelism (of laser disks), test, optical components-effective surface roughness, by total
F 531 (06.01) integrated scattering, test, F 1048 (06.01)
wavefront distortion of glass laser rods, test, F 530 (06.01) Flexibility
wavefront distortion of optical elements with nominally parallel mandrel bend test of attached organic coatings, test,
surfaces, due to refractive index inhomogeneity, test, D 522 (06.01)
F 611 (06.01) organic coatings (paints) on prepainted deformed metallic
Flake brass sheets, test, D 4145 (06.02)
See Copper powder/Gold bronze powder Floor paints/coatings
Flaked powders clear floor sealers, performance tests, D 1546 (06.03)
sampling/testing flaked aluminum powders/pastes, methods, solvent-reducible floor paints-selecting test procedures, guide,
D 480 (06.03) D 3383 (06.02)
Flake white water-borne floor paints-selecting test procedures, guide,
See Basic carbonate white lead D 3358 (06.02)
Flaking Flow and flow rate-paints/related coatings/materials
exterior paints-degree of flaking (scaling), test, A D 772 (06.01) high shear viscosity (of paints/varnishes/relatedproducts), by
Flame cleaning IC1 cone/plate viscometer, test, D 4287 (06.01)
standard pictorial surface preparation standards for painting industrial water-reducible coatings (pigmented/clear)-selecting
steel surfaces, A D 2200 (06.02) test procedures, guide, D 4712 (06.02)

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 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Furnaces
polymeric powders/powder coatings-inclined plate flow, Formic acid content
practice, D 3451 (06.02) glacial acetic acid, method, D 3546 (06.04)
shellac (dry/powdered) used for electrical insulation, selecting Forms for exposure tests
test methods, D 411 (06.03) See Records management
viscosity of paints/related materials, by IS0 flow cups, test, Formulation data
D 5125 (06.01) calculating formulation physical constants of paints/coatings,
F1owcoat practice, D 5201 (06.01)
industrial water-reducible coatings (pigmented/clear)-selecting Four-week test
test procedures, guide, D 4712 (06.02) interior coatings-mold growth resistance, 4-week exposure in
Flow cup environmental chamber, test, D 3273 (06.01)
viscosity of paints/related materials, by IS0 flow cups, test, Fractionated and distilled fatty acids
D 5125 (06.01) See Fatty acids-specifications
viscosity of paints/varnishes/lacquers, by Ford viscosity cup, Free formaldehyde
test, D 1200 (06.01) See Formaldehyde
Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) Free monomers
flue gas desulfurization system components-design/fabrication unreacted monomer content of latexes, by gas-liquid
for protective lining application, spec., D 4618 (06.02) chromatography, test, D 4747 (06.01)
Fluorescence Free phenols
color measurement of fluorescent specimens, practice, See Phenol
E 991 (06.01) Free silica content
fluorescence in object-color specimens, by spectrophotometry See Silica content
test, E 1247 (06.01) Free toluene diisocyanate content
Fluorescent lamp apparatus urethane prepolymers/coating solutions, by gas chromatography,
printed matter-lightfastness/weatherability, by natural test, D 3432 (06.03)
daylight/laboratory exposures, test, D 3424 (06.02) Freezing and thawing-resistance
Fluorescent specimens freeze-thaw resistance of water-borne coatings, test,
reflectance factor/color of object-color specimens, using D 2243 (06.02)
bidirectional geometry, test, E 1349 (06.01) freeze-thaw stability of multicolor lacquers, test, D 2337 (06.02)
Fluorescent UV-condensation apparatus Freezing point
fluorescent UV-condensation light-/water-exposure apparatus- freezing points of high-punty hydrocarbons, test, D 1015 (06.04)
paints/related coatings, conducting tests (using G 53), purity of hydrocarbons from freezing points, test,
practice, D 4587 (06.01) D 1016 (06.04)
fluorescent UV-condensation light-/water-exposure apparatus- styrene-purity, by freezing point method, test, D 3799 (06.04)
nonmetallic materials, operating procedures, practice, French blue
G 53 (06.01) See Iron blue
Focus French chalk
interferometer-uniformity of illumination/focus/vibration, See Magnesium silicate
temperature stability/turbulence/cleanliness/component French ocher
defects, practice, F 742 (06.01) See Ocher
Foil Fresnel concentrators
film thickness of pipeline coatings on steel, nondestructive accelerated outdoor weathering of nonmetallic materials, using
measurement, method, G 12 (06.02) concentrated natural sunlight, practice, G 90 (06.01)
Foots Fresnel reflector rack exposure method
foots in raw linseed oil, by gravimetric method, test, accelerated outdoor exposure tests of coatings (applied to metal
D 1966 (06.03) substrates), practice, D 4141 (06.01)
foots in raw linseed oil, by volumetric method, test, Friction/frictional properties
D 1954 (06.03) static friction of coating surfaces, test, D 4518 (06.01)
Ford cup Fuel resistance
viscosity of paints/varnishes/lacquers, by Ford viscosity cup, solvent/fuel resistance of traffic paint, test, D 2792 (06.02)
test, D 1200 (06.01) Fungal influence
Ford viscometers resistance of synthetic polymeric materials to fungi, practice,
See Viscometers-Ford G 21 (06.01)
Foreign matter content Fungal influence-paints/related coatings/materials
clarity/cleanness of (nonpigmented) paint and ink liquids, by interior coatings-mold growth resistance, 4-week exposure in
visual examination, test, D 2090 (06.03) environmental chamber, test, D 3273 (06.01)
Formability paint films, evaluating degree of surface disfigurement,
factory-applied, organic coatings on metal substrates, by A D 3274 (06.01)
Impact-Type Wedge Bend test, D 3281 (06.02) presence of and removing microbial (fungal/algal) growth on
formability/adhesion of zinc-rich primer/chromate complex paint/related coatings, guide, D 4610 (06.01)
coatings (on steel), test, D 4146 (06.02) Fungicidal pigments
Formaldehyde See Calcium borosilicate/Zinc oxide
acidity, test, D 2379 (06.04) Furnace black
concentration of formaldehyde solutions, test, D 2194 (06.04) See Carbon black (headings)
formaldehyde- 50 % grade (unhibited) and 37 % grade Furnaces
(inhibited/unhibited), spec., D 2378 (06.04) chemical/gravimetric analysis of white/yellow thermoplastic
free formaldehyde content of amino resins, test, D 1979 (06.03) traffic marking material containing lead chromate and
iron content, test, D 2087 (06.04) titanium dioxide, test, D 4797 (06.01)
methanol content of formaldehyde solutions, test, nonvolatile and pigment content of electrocoat baths, using
D 2380 (06.04) mume furnace, test, D 5145 (06.01)

695
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Furnaces
pigment content of paint/traffic marking material, by Glacial acrylic acid
low-temperature furnace ashing, test, D 4451 (06.01) See Acrylic acid
Furniture finishes Glacial methacrylic acid
temperature-change (high-low) resistance of clear nitrocellulose See Methacrylic acid (glacial)
lacquer films applied to wood, test, D 1211 (06.02) Glass
conducting exposures of nonmetallic materials to daylight
G filtered through glass, practice, G 24 (06.01)
GA-CAT comprehensive abrasion test Glass-bead reflector
printed matter-abrasion resistance, by GA-CAT tester, understanding the properties of high visibility materials (for
D 5181 (06.02) individual safety), guide, F 923 (06.01)
Gages Glass fabrics/fibers/textile products
wet film thickness of organic coatings, by notched gages, conducting exposures of nonmetallic materials to daylight
practice, D 4414 (06.01) filtered through glass, practice, G 24 (06.01)
Galvanized surfaces Glass panel reading surface
steel panels (zinc-/zinc alloy-coated)-preparation, for testing wet film thickness of organic coatings, D 1212 (06.01)
paint/related coatings, practice, D 2201 (06.01) Glass panels
Gamma radiation directional reflectance factor (45-deg 0-deg) of opaque
effects of radiation on coatings (for light-water nuclear power specimens, by broad-band filter reflectometry, test,
plants), test, D 4082 (06.02) E 97 (06.01)
surface preparation (for testing paints, varnish, lacquer & related
Gardner-Coleman method coatings), D 3891 (06.01)
oil absorption of pigments, test, D 1483 (06.01) Glass spheres (in traffic paint/marking material)
Gardner color scale chemical/gravimetric analysis of white/yellow thermoplastic
Gardner color scale-transparent liquids, test, D 1544 (06.01) traffic marking material containing lead chromate and
Gardner-Holdt viscometers titanium dioxide, test, D 4797 (06.01)
See Viscometers-Gardner-Holdt sieve analysis of glass spheres (for retroreflective pavements
Garnet lac markings/industrial uses), test, D 1214 (06.02)
lac resins (orange shellac and button-/garnet-/bleached- test for roundness of, D 1155 (06.02)
lac)/-sampling/testing, D 29 (06.03) Glazing compounds-metal sash
orange shellac and (button lac/garnet lac), spec., D 237 (06.03) slump of face glazing/bedding compounds on metal sash, test,
Gas black pigment D 2376 (06.02)
See Pigments-carbon black viscosity of printing inks/vehicles, by falling-rod viscometer,
Gas checking draft test test, D 4040 (06.02)
varnish films, test, D 1643 (06.03) Global solar irradiance
Gas chromatography conducting exposures of nonmetallic materials to daylight
See Chromatography-gas (headings) filtered through glass, practice, G 24 (06.01)
Gelled vehicle Gloss
laboratory preparation of gelled vehicles, using microwave oven, clear/pigmented organic coatings, test, D 1308 (06.02)
practice, D 5166 (06.03) color/gloss tolerances, establishing, practice, D 3134 (06.01)
laboratory preparation of gelled vehicles, using resin kettle, gloss differences-surfaces of similar appearance, visual
practice, D 5165 (06.02) evaluation, test, D 4449 (06.01)
Gel time gloss/sheen uniformity evaluation, test, D 3928 (06.02)
drying oils, test, D 1955 (06.03) high-gloss surfaces-gloss, by goniophotometry, test,
polymeric (thermosetting) powders-gel time/stroke curve,
E 430 (06.01)
practice, D 3451 (06.02) high-gloss surfaces-reflection haze, test, D 4039 (06.01)
tar acids, test, D 2870 (06.04) practical washability of organic coatings, test, D 4828 (06.02)
selection of geometric conditions for measurement of
Generic resin reflection/transmission properties of materials, practice,
field identification of coatings, test, D 5043 (06.02) E 179 (06.01)
Geometric analysis specular gloss of nonmetallic specimens, test, D 523 (06.01)
color/color-difference of object-color specimens, by tristimulus Gloss paints
(filter) colorimetry, test, E 1347 (06.01) interior latex semigloss/gloss paints, selecting test methods,
geometry of angle resolved optical scatter measurements on guide, D 4540 (06.02)
specular/diffuse surfaces, annex, E 1392 (06.01)
opaque materials-color differences, visual examination, Glue gas desulfurization (FGD)
practice, D 1729 (06.01) inspection of linings in operating flue gas desulfurization
reflectance factor/color (of object-color specimens), by systems, practice, D 4619 (06.02)
spectrophotometry using hemispherical optical measuring Glycerin-high-gravit y
system, test, E 1331 (06.01) glycerin (high-gravity)-sampling/testing, D 1258 (06.04)
reflectance factor/color of object-color specimens, using glycerin (high-gravity), spec., D 1257 (06.04)
bidirectional geometry, test, E 1349 (06.01) Glycerol and ethylene glycol content
selection of geometric conditions for measurement of glycerol/ethylene glycol/pentaerythritol in alkyd resins, test,
reflection/transmission properties of materials, practice, D 1615 (06.03)
E 179 (06.01) Glycidyl ethers
transmittance/color of object-color specimens, by spectrophoto- total chlorine content in epoxy resins/compounds, test,
metry using hemispherical geometry, test, E 1348 (06.01) D 4301 (06.03)
Glacial acetic acid Glycol ethers
formic acid in glacial acetic acid, test, D 3546 (06.04) purity of propylene glycol monomethyl ether/dipropylene glycol
glacial (99.8 W ) acetic acid (for use in paint/varnish/ monomethyl ether/propylene glycol monomethyl ether
lacquer/related products), spec., D 3620 (06.04) acetate, test, D 4773 (06.04)

696
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Glycols
See Engine coolants
Gold bronze powder
chemical analysis of cuprous oxide/copper pigments, test,
D 283 (06.01)
gold bronze powder, spec., D 267 (06.03)
Government specification
fire retardancy of paints, by cabinet method, test, A D 1360
(06.01)
Grading
rosin-sampling/grading, delivered in commercial bags/
barrels/drums, test, D 509 (06.03)
Graphics
printed matter-abrasion resistance, by GA-CAT tester,
D 5181 (06.02)
Gravimetric method
resin solution dilutability, test, D 5062 (06.03)
water pickup of lithographic printing inks/vehicles in a
laboratory mixer, test, D 4942 (06.02)
white/yellow thermoplastic traffc marking material containing
lead chromate and titanium dioxide, test, D 4797 (06.01)
Gray scale
evaluation of visual color difference (of non-self luminous
materials) with a gray scale, test, D 2616 (06.01)
printed matter-lightfastness/weatherability, by natural
daylight/laboratory exposures, test, D 3424 (06.02)
Green pigments
Sa Chrome green/Chromium oxide green
Phthalocyanine green
yellow/orange/green pigments containing lead chromate/
chromium oxide green, analysis, test, D 126 (06.01)
Grind gage
printing inks-fineness of grind, by NPIRI grindometer, test,
D 1316 (06.02)
Grind (pigments)
See Fineness of grind (dispersion)
Grit
filter-retained solids content of polymer latexes, test,
D 5097 (06.03)
Grit content
grit content of mica pigment, test, D 716 (06.01)
Ground dolomite/limestone/oyster shell
See Calcium carbonate
Guides/practices for testing paints/related coatings
alkyd resins-selection of test methods, practice, D 2689 (06.03)
amino resins, practice, D 4277 (06.03)
architectural coatings (solvent-borne), guide, D 5146 (06.02)
architectural coatings (solvent-/water-thinned), guide,
D 2833 (06.02)
architectural coatings (water-borne), guide, D 5324 (06.02)
clear/pigmented lacquers, test, D 333 (06.02)
coil coatings, practice, D 3794 (06.02)
color/gloss tolerances, establishing, practice, D 3134 (06.01)
dipentene/related terpene solvents-sampling/testing, methods,
D 801 (06.03)
driers/drying oils/naval stores/solvents-volatiie/nonvolatile
content, guide, D 4140 (06.01)
drying oils, guide, D 555 (06.03)
electrocoat bath sample analysis, guide, D 1978 (06.01)
epoxy resins, guide, D 4142 (06.03)
evaluation of (clear/pigmented) coatings for rigid/semirigid
plastic substrates, practice, D 3002 (06.02)
exterior solvent-reducible house/trim coatings, guide
D 2932 (06.02)
fatty acids used in protective coatings-terminology and
selecting test methods, guide, D 1467 (06.03)
fatty nitrogen products, test, D 2071 (06.03)
floor paints (water-borne), guide, D 3358 (06.02)
hazardous constituents-protective coatings, guide,
D 3630 (06.01)
597
Hazardous constituents
high-performance interior architectural wall coatings (HIPAC),
guide, D 3730 (06.02)
house paints (exterior latex), guide, D 3129 (06.02)
industrial water-reducible coatings (pigmented/clear), guide,
D 4712 (06.02)
interior latex semigloss/gloss paints, guide, D 4540 (06.02)
latex vehicles, guide, D 4143 (06.03)
paint/related coatings-volatile/nonvolatile content, guide,
D 2832 (06.01)
pine oils-sampling/testing, methods, D 802 (06.03)
polymeric powders/powder coatings, practices, D 3451 (06.02)
polymerized fatty acids, methods, D 2575 (06.03)
poly(viny1 chloride) resins, guide, D 4368 (06.03)
primers/primer surfacers over preformed metal, practice,
D 3322 (06.02)
printing inks/printed ink films/related material, guide,
D 5010 (06.02)
solvent-reducible floor paints, guide, D 3383 (06.02)
traffc paints, guide, D 2205 (06.02)
use of protective coating standards in nuclear power plants,
selecting ASTM standards, guide, D 5144 (06.02)
varnishes, guide, D 154 (06.03)
volatile/nonvolatile content of cellulosics/emulsions/resin
solutions/shellac/varnishes, practice, D 4209 (06.01)
volatile/nonvolatile content of pigments, guide, D 4139 (06.01)
volatile organic compound (VOC) content of paints/related
coatings, practice, D 3960 (06.01)
volatile solvents/chemical intermediates-sampling/testing,
guide, D 268 (06.04)
wall paints (interior flat solvent-reducible), guide,
D 3323 (06.02)
wall paints (interior latex flat), guide, D 2931 (06.02)
wall/trim enamels (interior solvent-reducible semigloss), guide,
D 3425 (06.02)
white pigments-chemical analysis, guide, D 34 (06.01)
Gum content
artists’ paints (oil/resin-oil/alkyd), spec., D 4302 (06.02)
Gum rosin
Sa Rosin
rosin/rosin derivatives-toluene-insoluble solid matter, test,
D 269 (06.03)
Gum spirits of turpentine
See Turpentine
Gum turpentine
pinene composition, by gas chromatography, test,
D 3009 (06.03)
spirits of turpentine, spec., D 13 (06.03)
H
Halo-silane coated glass plates
organic coatings-uniform free film preparation, practice,
D 4708 (06.01)
Halphen-Hicks test
qualitative detection of rosin in varnishes, by Lieberman-
Storch/Halphen-Hicks tests, D 1542 (06.03)
Handling materials
See Material handling
Hardness (indentation)
organic coatings-indentation hardness, by Knoop and Pfund
methods, test, D 1474 (06.01)
Hardness tests-organic coatings
hardness of organic coatings, by Konig/Persoz pendulum
hardness tests, D 4366 (06.01)
organic coatings-film hardness, by pencil test, D 3363 (06.01)
organic coatings-indentation hardness, by Knoop and Pfund
methods, test, D 1474 (06.01)
Hazardous constituents
hazardous constituents-protective coatings, selecting test
methods, guide, D 3630 (06.01)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Hazard potential-health
Hazard potential-health Hemispherical geometry
handling cresylic acid and phenol, practice, D 3852 (06.04) transmittance/color of object-color specimens, by spectrophoto-
handling naphthalene, maleic/phthalic anhydride, practice, metry using hemispherical geometry, test, E 1348 (06.01)
D 3438 (06.04) Hemispherical optical measuring system
hazardous constituents-protective coatings, selecting test reflectance factor/color (of object-color specimens), by
methods, guide, D 3630 (06.01) spectrophotometry using hemispherical optical measuring
labeling art materials for chronic health hazards, practice, system, test, E 1331 (06.01)
D 4236 (06.02) n-Heptane
sampling and handling aniline, practice, D 3436 (06.04) flash/fire point of liquids, by Tag open-cup apparatus, test,
sampling/handling 4,4’-isopropylidene diphenol (bisphenol-A), D 1310 (06.01)
practice, D 4297 (06.04) lacquer solvents-heptane miscibility, test, D 1476 (06.04)
water-soluble chromates-safety/health requirements relating to purity of hydrocarbons from freezing points, test,
occupational exposure, practice, E 848 (06.01) D 1016 (06.04)
Haze Heptane miscibility
Sa Gloss Sa Miscibility
cellulose acetate propionates/butyrate, test, A D 817 (06.03) lacquer solvents-heptane miscibility, test, D 1476 (06.04)
cellulose acetate, test, D 871 (06.03)
high-gloss surfaces-gloss, by goniophotometry, test, Herring content
E 430 (06.01) fish oil content (of drying oils and their fatty acids), by
high-gloss surfaces-reflection haze, test, D 4039 (06.01) gas-liquid chromatography, test, D 3725 (06.03)
Heartwood n-Hexane
wood used as panels in weathering tests of coatings, spec., purity of hydrocarbons from freezing points, test,
D 358 (06.02) D 1016 (06.04)
Heat and flame response Hexanes
See Flash point (headings) commercial hexanes, spec., D 1836 (06.04)
Heat-bodied drying oils Hexyl acetate
acetone tolerance of heat-bodied drying oils, test, hexyl acetate, spec., D 5137 (06.04)
D 1950 (06.03) Hexylene glycol
Heated black box exposure test hexylene glycol, spec., D 2636 (06.04)
accelerated outdoor exposure tests of coatings (applied to metal Hiding power-paints/coatings
substrates), practice, D 4141 (06.01) architectural paints-hiding power, applied by roller, test,
Heating tests-paints/related coatings/materials D 5150 (06.02)
cellulose acetate propionates/butyrate, test, A D 817 (06.03) comparison of the brush drag of latex paints, test,
chemical/gravimetric analysis of white/yellow thermoplastic D 4958 (06.02)
traffic marking material containing lead chromate and hiding power of paints, by reflectometry, test, A D 2805 (06.01)
titanium dioxide, test, D 4797 (06.01) hiding power (relative)-paints/coatings, visual examination of
coatings-water resistance, using controlled condensation, brushouts, test, D 344 (06.01)
practice, D 4585 (06.01) wet-to-dry hiding change of architectural coatings, test,
distillation of industrial aromatic hydrocarbons/related D 5007 (06.02)
materials, method, D 850 (06.04) High-flash aromatic naphthas
evaluating (interior/exterior) coatings for protecting steel See Naphtha and naphtha derivatives
surfaces at high-temperature service, test, A D 2485 (06.01) High-gloss surfaces
loss on heating of drying oils, test, D 1960 (06.03) high-gloss surfaces-gloss, by goniophotometry, test,
stroke cure time of thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resins, E 430 (06.01)
test, D 4640 (06.03) high-gloss surfaces-reflection haze, test, D 4039 (06.01)
sustained burning (of liquid mixtures), by Seta-flash tester (open High-gravity glycerin
cup), test, D 4206 (06.01) See Glycerin-high-gravity
sustained burning (of low viscosity liquid mixtures), by Wick High-purity water
test, D 4207 (06.01) reagent water, spec., D 1193 (06.01)
temperature-change (high-low) resistance of clear nitrocellulose
lacquer films applied to wood, test, D 1211 (06.02) High shear viscosity
comparison of the brush drag of latex paints, test,
Heatset-type printing inks D 4958 (06.02)
Sa Printing inks
printing ink (heatset/liquid)-nonvolatile weight content, test, High-speed centrifugal vehicle separations
D 4713 (06.02) See Vehicle separation
Heavy metals High velocity water
heavy metals in hydrogen sulfide/sulfur dioxide (qualititative) of erosion testing of antifouling paints, using high velocity water,
industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, test, D 2363 (06.03) test, D 4938 (06.02)
heavy metals in methylcellulose, test, D 1347 (06.03) High visibility materials
lead/cadmium/cobalt content (low concentrations) in understanding the properties of high visibility materials (for
nonvolatile portion of liquid coatings/dried films, by individual safety), guide, F 923 (06.01)
atomic absorption spectroscopy, test, D 3335 (06.01) High voltage continuity testing
Hegman scale continuity verification of liquid/sheet linings applied to concrete
fineness of dispersion of pigment-vehicle systems, test, substrates, practice, D 4787 (06.02)
D 1210 (06.01) High voltage spark testing
Helium-neon laser discontinuity (holiday) testing of nonconductive protective
optical components-effective surface roughness, by total coating on metallic substrates, practice, D 5162 (06.02)
integrated scattering, test, F 1048 (06.01) Holiday detection
Hematite cathodic disbonding of pipeline coatings, by attached cell
See Iron oxide red method, test, G 95 (06.02)

698
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
continuity verification of liquid/sheet linings applied to concrete
substrates, practice, D 4787 (06.02)
disbonding characteristics of pipeline coatings, by direct soil
burial, test, G 19 (06.02)
discontinuity (holiday) testing of nonconductive protective
coating on metallic substrates, practice, D 5162 (06.02)
holiday detection in pipeline coatings, test, G 62 (06.02)
pipeline coatings-cathodic disbonding, accelerated procedures,
test, G 8 (06.02)
pipeline coatings-impact resistance, by limestone drop test,
G 13 (06.02)
specific cathodic disbonding of pipeline coatings, test,
G 80 (06.02)
Horizontal pull test
static friction of coating surfaces, test, D 4518 (06.01)
Humidity
coatings-water resistance, using controlled condensation,
practice, D 4585 (06.01)
conditioning of materials for tests, def. of terms, E 41 (06.01)
humid-dry cycling for coatings on wood/wood products,
method, D 3459 (06.02)
Humidity-relative
coatings-water resistance in 100 % relative humidity, practice,
D 2247 (06.01)
Hunter appearance
gloss differences-surfaces of similar appearance, visual
evaluation, test, D 4449 (06.01)
Hydrated iron oxide
ochre pigment, spec., D 85 (06.03)
Hydrocarbon content-nonaromatic
C , hydrocarbon analysis, by gas chromatography, test,
D 2306 (06.04)
total non-aromatic/trace monocyclic hydrocarbon aromatic
hydrocarbons in high-purity benzene/toluene/mixed
zylenes, by gas chromatography, test, D 2360 (06.04)
Hydrocarbon dry cleaning solvent
mineral (petroleum) spirits hydrocarbon drycleaning solvent,
spec., D 235 (06.04)
Hydrocarbons
benzene content of cyclic hydrocarbon products, by gas
chromatography, test, D 4534 (06.04)
dichloromethane/ 1,1,1 -trichloroethane content-paints/coatings,
by direct injection gas chromatography, test,
D 4457 (06.01)
high-flash aromatic naphthas, spec., D 3734 (06.04)
sampling/handling liquid cyclic products (at ambient
temperature), practice, D 3437 (06.04)
unreacted monomer content of latexes, by gas-liquid
chromatography, test, D 4747 (06.01)
VM & P naphthas, spec., D 3735 (06.04)
volatile solvents/chemical intermediates-total acidity, test,
D 1613 (06.04)
Hydrocarbons-aromatic
aromatic hydrocarbons-bromine index, test, D 1492 (06.04)
aromatic hydrocarbons/related chemicals, terminology,
D 4790 (06.04)
color (of solid aromatic hydrocarbons/related materials in
molten state), by platinum-cobalt scale, test,
D 1686 (06.04)
solidification point of 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol (Bisphenol
A), test, D 4493 (06.04)
total non-aromatic/trace monocyclic hydrocarbon aromatic
hydrocarbons in high-purity benzene/toluene/mixed
zylenes, by gas chromatography, test, D 2360 (06.04)
trace (total) chloride (organic/inorganic) in liquid aromatic
hydrocarbons, test, D 5194 (06.04)
Hydrocarbons-high-purity
commercial density (of pure liquid chemicals), test,
D 3505 (06.04)
699
Hygroscopic materials/properties/tests
freezing points of high-punty hydrocarbons, test, D 1015 (06.04)
purity of hydrocarbons from freezing points, test,
D 1016 (06.04)
solidification point of industrial organic chemicals, test,
D 1493 (06.04)
Hydrocarbons-industrial aromatic
acidity of benzene/toluene/xylenes/solventnaphthas/similar
industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, test, D 847 (06.04)
acid wash color. test, D 848 (06.04)
apparent density of industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, test,
D 2935 (06.04)
commercial density (of pure liquid chemicals), test,
D 3505 (06.04)
copper corrosion of industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, test,
D 849 (06.04)
distillation, test, D 850 (06.04)
hydrogen sulfide/sulfur dioxide content (qualitative) of
industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, test, D 853 (06.04)
solidification point of industrial organic chemicals, test,
D 1493 (06.04)
sulfur (trace quantities) in liquid aromatic hydrocarbons, by
oxidative microcoulometry, test, D 3961 (06.04)
volume/weight of industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, method,
D 1555 (06.04)
Hydrocarbons-light
volume/weight of industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, method,
D 1555 (06.04)
Hydrocarbon solvents
benzene content in hydrocarbon solvents, by gas chromatog-
raphy, test, D 4367 (06.04)
Hydrodynamic stress
subjecting marine antifouling coating to bifouling and fluid
shear forces in natural seawater, test, D 4939 (06.02)
Hydrogen sulfide content-petroleum products
hydrogen sulfide/sulfur dioxide content (qualitative) of
industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, test, D 853 (06.04)
Hydrolyzable chloride content
liquid epoxy resins-hydrolyzable chloride content, test,
D 1726 (06.03)
Hydroquinone content
hydroquinone in vinyl acetate, test, D 2193 (06.04)
Hydroxyacetone content
phenol-major organic impurities produced by cumene process,
using gas chromatography, test, D 4961 (06.04)
Hydroxyethylcellulose
hydroxyethylcellulose, test, D 2364 (06.03)
Hydroxyl (hydroxide ion) content
hydroxyl content of cellulose acetate, by spectrophotometry,
test, D 871 (06.03)
hydroxyl content of pyridine-soluble cellulose esters, by
spectrophotometry, test, A D 817 (06.03)
hydroxyl value of fatty oils/acids, test, D 1957 (06.03)
pentaerythritol, test, D 2195 (06.04)
Hydroxypropoxyl content
hydrogen sulfide/sulfur dioxide (qualititative) of industrial
aromatic hydrocarbons, test, D 2363 (06.03)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
hydrogen sulfide/sulfur dioxide (qualititative) of industrial
aromatic hydrocarbons, test, D 2363 (06.03)
Hydroxypropyl substitution
methoxyl/hydroxypropyl substitution in cellulose ether
products, by Zeisel-gas chromatography, test,
D 3876 (06.03)
Hygroscopic materials/properties/tests
hygroscopic moisture (and other matter volatile under test
conditions) in pigments, test, D 280 (06.01)
phenol/cresols/xylenols/naphthalene/pyridine/quinoline-water
content, by iodine reagent method, test, D 1631 (06.04)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6

I Incandescent lamps
obtaining spectrophotometric data for object-color evaluation,
IC1 cone/plate viscometer practice, E 1164 (06.01)
high shear viscosity (of paints/varnishes/related products), by Incidence angle
IC1 cone/plate viscometer, test, D 4287 (06.01) understanding the properties of high visibility materials (for
Identification individual safety), guide, F 923 (06.01)
field identification of coatings, test, D 5043 (06.02) Inclined plane method
-
Ignition-loss on ignition static friction of coating surfaces, test, D 4518 (06.01)
moisture content of pigments, D 1208 (06.03) Inclined plate flow
Ignition residues of drying oils polymeric powders/powder coatings-inclined plate flow,
See Ash content practice, D 3451 (06.02)
Illumination Inclusions
appearance (of objects/materials/light sources), terminology, continuity verification of liquid/sheet linings applied to concrete
E 284 (06.01) substrates, practice, D 4787 (06.02)
color measurement of fluorescent specimens, practice, Indian ocher
E 991 (06.01) See Ocher
description/selection of conditions (for photographing Indian red
specimens), practice, E 312 (06.01) See Iron oxide red
interferometer-uniformity of illumination/focus/vibration, Industrial aromatic hydrocarbons
temperature stability/turbulence/cleanliness/component See Hydrocarbons-industrial aromatic
defects, practice, F 742 (06.01) Industrial grade benzene/toluene/xylene
obtaining colorimetric data from a visual display unit (for See Benzene/Toluene/Xylene (headings)
minimizing errors), using tristimulus colorimeters, practice,
E 1455 (06.01) Industrial materials/applications-chemicals
obtaining spectrophotometric data for object-color evaluation, solidification point of industrial organic chemicals, test,
practice, E 1164 (06.01) D 1493 (06.04)
retroreflective pedestrian markings-visibility enhancement, Industrial materials/applications-paints/related coatings
nighttime photometric performance, spec., E 1501 (06.01) industrial water-reducible coatings (pigmented/clear)-selecting
understanding the properties of high visibility materials (for test procedures, guide, D 4712 (06.02)
individual safety), guide, F 923 (06.01) viscosity of paints/related materials, by I S 0 flow cups, test,
D 5125 (06.01)
Immersion
chemical resistance of pipeline coatings, test, G 20 (06.02) Inert pigments
coatings-water resistance, using (distilled/de-mineralized)water See Extender pigments
immersion, practice, D 870 (06.01) Infrared (IR) analysis
comparative corrosion preventive characteristics of materials angle resolved optical scatter measurements on specular/diffuse
used for joints/couplings/fittings/patches in pipeline surfaces, test, E 1392 (06.01)
coatings, test, G 18 (06.02) qualitative identification of polymers in emulsion paints, by
water penetration into pipeline coatings, test, G 9 (06.02) infrared analysis/pyrolysis-gas liquid chromatography,
Impact testing-pipeline coatings practice, D 3168 (06.01)
pipeline coatings-effect of outdoor weathering, test, Infrared (IR) analysis-paints/related coatings/materials
G 11 (06.02) cellulose nitrate in alkyd lacquers, quantitative determination by
pipeline coatings-impact resistance, by falling weight test, infrared spectrophotometry, test, D 3133 (06.02)
G 14 (06.02) infrared identification of vehicle solids from solvent-reducible
pipeline coatings-impact resistance, by limestone drop test, paints, by infrared spectroscopy, test, D 2621 (06.01)
G 13 (06.02) temperature of applied coatings on wood products during the
curing cycle, by infrared radiation thermometers, practice,
Impressed current system D 3259 (06.02)
pipeline coatings-cathodic disbonding, accelerated procedures,
test, G 8 (06.02) Infrared pyrometer
temperature of applied coatings on wood products during the
Imprinting curing cycle, by infrared radiation thermometers, practice,
print resistance of architectural paints, test, D 2064 (06.02) D 3259 (06.02)
print resistance of lacquers, test, D 2091 (06.02)
Infrared spectrophotometry
Impurities-paints/related coatings/materials See Spectrophotometry-infrared
analysis of styrene by capillary gas chromatography, test,
D 5135 (06.04) Infusorial earth
chemical analysis of benzene, by gas chromatography, test, See Silica-diatomaceous
D 4492 (06.04) Inhibitor
ethylbenzene-purity/impurities, by gas chromatography, test, zinc yellow (zinc chromate) pigments, spec., D 478 (06.03)
D 5060 (06.04) Inhibitor content
phenol-major organic impurities produced by cumene process, residual g-tert-butylcatechol (TBC) in styrene monomer, by
using gas chromatography, test, D 4961 (06.04) spectrophotometry, test, D 4590 (06.04)
purity of propylene glycol monomethyl ether/dipropylene glycol Ink
monomethyl ether/propylene glycol monomethyl ether apparent tack of printing inks/vehicles, by inkometer, test,
acetate, test, D 4773 (06.04) D 4361 (06.02)
pyridine base content in cresylic acid, by direct titration, test, clarity/cleanness of (nonpigmented) paint and ink liquids, by
D 4471 (06.04) visual examination, test, D 2090 (06.03)
styrene-purity/impurities, by gas chromatography, test, printed matter-lightfastness/weatherability, by natural
D 3962 (06.04) daylight/laboratory exposures, test, D 3424 (06.02)
p-xylene-puritylimpurities, by gas chromatography, test, printing ink (heatset/liquid)-nonvolatile weight content, test,
D 3798 (06.04) D 4713 (06.02)

700
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
water pickup of lithographic printing inks/vehicles in a
laboratory mixer, test, D 4942 (06.02)
Inkometer method
apparent tack of printing inks/vehicles, by inkometer, test,
D 4361 (06.02)
Inorganic colored pigments
chemical analysis of yellow/orange/red/brown pigments
containing iron/maganese, test, D 50 (06.01)
Inorganic linings
inspection of linings in operating flue gas desulfurization
systems, practice, D 4619 (06.02)
Insoluble matter content-paints/related coatings/materials
lac resins (orange shellac and button-/garnet-/bleached-
lac)/-sampling/testing, D 29 (06.03)
lead peroxide/true red lead content of dry red lead pigments,
test, D 49 (06.01)
rosin/rosin derivatives-toluene-insoluble solid matter, test,
D 269 (06.03)
Inspection-coating applications
establishing procedures to monitor performance of safety related
coatings in operating nuclear power plant, guide,
D 5163 (06.02)
establishing procedures to qualify/certify inspection personnel
for coating work in nuclear facilities, guide, D 4537 (06.02)
flue gas desulfurization system components-design/fabrication
for protective lining application, spec., D 4618 (06.02)
inspection of linings in operating flue gas desulfurization
systems, practice, D 4619 (06.02)
painting inspectors (metal substrates), guide, D 3276 (06.02)
specifying inspection requirements for coating/lining work on
metal substrates, guide, D 5161 (06.02)
Inspection personnel
establishing procedures to qualify/certify inspection personnel
for coating work in nuclear facilities, guide, D 4537 (06.02)
Instrumental measurement
reflecting characteristics of metallic surfaces, using integrating
sphere instruments, test, E 429 (06.01)
Instrumental measurement-color/light
Sa Light-exposure
color/color-difference of object-color specimens, by tristimulus
(filter) colorimetry, test, E 1347 (06.01)
color differences of materials (seen by reflected/transmitted
light), instrumental evaluation, practice, E 805 (06.01)
computing colors of objects, by CIE system, method,
E 308 (06.01)
fluorescence in object-color specimens, by spectrophotometry
test, E 1247 (06.01)
indexes of whiteness/yellowness of near-white opaque materials,
test, E 313 (06.01)
obtaining colorimetric data from a visual display unit (for
minimizing errors), using tristimulus colorimeters, practice,
E 1455 (06.01)
obtaining spectrophotometric data for object-color evaluation,
practice, E 1164 (06.01)
reducing the variability of color measurement, by use of
multiple measurements, practice, E 1345 (06.01)
reflectance factor/color (of object-color specimens), by
spectrophotometry using hemispherical optical measuring
system, test, E 1331 (06.01)
reflectance factor/color of object-color specimens, using
bidirectional geometry, test, E 1349 (06.01)
selection of geometric conditions for measurement of
reflection/transmission properties of materials, practice,
E 179 (06.01)
transmittance/color of object-color specimens, by spectrophoto-
metry using hemispherical geometry, test, E 1348 (06.01)
Instrumental measurement-paints/related coatings/materials
directional reflectance factor (45-deg 0-deg) of opaque
specimens, by broad-band filter reflectometry, test,
E 97 (06.01)
70 I
Interior paints/coatings
evaluation of color for thermoplastic traffic marking materials,
test, D 4960 (06.02)
filtered open flame carbon-arc light/water exposure apparatus-
paints and related coatings/materials, conducting
accelerated tests (using G 23), practice, D 822 (06.01)
high-gloss surfaces-gloss, by goniophotometry, test,
E 430 (06.01)
industrial water-reducible coatings (pigmented/clear)-selecting
test procedures, guide, D 4712 (06.02)
pipeline coatings-cathodic disbonding, accelerated procedures,
test, G 8 (06.02)
relative tinting strength of white pigments, by reflectance
measurements, test, D 2745 (06.01)
thermoplastic traffic marking materials-bond strength, using
cement bricks/steel cubes, test, D 4796 (06.02)
Instrumental measurement-spectroradiometric
obtaining colorimetric data from video display unit, by
spectroradiometry, method, E 1336 (06.01)
obtaining spectroradiometric data from radiant sources for
colorimetry, practice, E 1341 (06.01)
Insulating coating systems
pipeline coatings-cathodic disbonding, accelerated procedures,
test, G 8 (06.02)
pipeline coatings-effect of outdoor weathering, test,
G 11 (06.02)
specific bendability of pipeline coatings, test, G 10 (06.02)
water penetration into pipeline coatings, test, G 9 (06.02)
Integrated light scattering
optical components-effective surface roughness, by total
integrated scattering, test, F 1048 (06.01)
Integrating sphere reflectometer
luminous reflectance factor of acoustical materials, by use of
integrating sphere reflectometers, test, E 1477 (06.01)
reflecting characteristics of metallic surfaces, using integrating
sphere instruments, test, E 429 (06.01)
Interchemical wet film gage
wet film thickness of organic coatings, D 1212 (06.01)
Interferograms/Interferometry
interferometer-uniformity of illumination/focus/vibration,
temperature stability/turbulence/cleanliness/component
defects, practice, F 742 (06.01)
interpreting interferograms of nominally plane wavefronts,
methods for, F 529 (06.01)
manual analysis of interferograms, by least squares fitting to a
plane reference surface, practice, F 663 (06.01)
manual/computer-aided analysis of interferograms, by least
squares fitting to a plane/spherical reference surface,
practice, F 664 (06.01)
Interior mold environments
See Resistance-bacteria
Interior paints/coatings
Sa Solvent-reducible paints/coatings
Varnishes
architectural coatings (solvent-borne interior/exterior), selecting
test methods, index, D 5146 (06.02)
architectural coatings (solvent-/water-thinned), selecting test
methods, index, D 2833 (06.02)
architectural coatings (water-borne)-selecting test procedures,
for interior/exterior use, guide, D 5324 (06.02)
coatings-water resistance in 100 % relative humidity, practice,
D 2247 (06.01)
efflorescence (of interior wall paints), test, D 1736 (06.02)
high-performance interior architectural wall coatings
(H1PAC)-selecting test procedures, guide, D 3730 (06.02)
interior latex semigloss/gloss paints, selecting test methods,
guide, D 4540 (06.02)
interior paints-wet abrasion resistance to scrubbing, test,
D 4213 (06.02)
practical washability of organic coatings, test, D 4828 (06.02)
scrub-to-failure of interior latex flat wall paints, test,
D 2486 (06.02)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Interior paints/coatings
wall paints (interior flat solvent-reducible)-selecting test Iron oxide brown (natural)
methods, guide, D 3323 (06.02) analysis, D 50 (06.01)
wall paints (interior latex flat)-selecting of test procedures, natural red/brown iron oxide pigments, spec., D 3722 (06.03)
guide, D 2931 (06.02) Iron oxide brown (synthetic)
wall/trim enamels (interior solvent-reducible semigloss)- iron oxide black (natural)- chemical analysis, test,
selecting test methods, guide, D 3425 (06.02) D 3872 (06.01)
Interlaboratory testing synthetic brown iron oxide pigment, spec., D 3724 (06.03)
blasting abrasives-water soluble ionic contamination, by Iron oxide content
conductimetric analysis, test, D 4940 (06.02) calcium borosilicate, test, D 4487 (06.01)
conducting interlaboratory study to determine precision of test Iron oxide red (natural)
method, practice, E 691 (06.04) analysis, D 50 (06.01)
paints/related coatings, practice, D 3980 (06.01) natural red/brown iron oxide pigments, spec., D 3722 (06.03)
Internal indicator method Iron oxide red (synthetic)
naval stores-acid number, incl. tall oil/wood and gum analysis, D 50 (06.01)
rosin/related products, test, D 465 (06.03) synthetic red iron oxide pigment, spec., D 3721 (06.03)
saponification number of rosin, test, D 464 (06.03) Iron oxide yellow
Internal voids analysis, D 50 (06.01)
continuity verification of liquid/sheet linings applied to concrete yellow iron oxide (hydrated), spec., D 768 (06.03)
substrates, practice, D 4787 (06.02) Iron paint driers
Intrinsic viscosity See Driers
Sa Viscosity (headings) Irradiance/irradiation
intrinsic viscosity of cellulose acetate, using modified angle resolved optical scatter measurements on specular/diffuse
Baker-Philippoff equation, test, D 871 (06.03) surfaces, test, E 1392 (06.01)
limiting viscosity number of cellulose acetate propionate/ obtaining colorimetric data from a visual display unit (for
butyrate, test, A D 817 (06.03) minimizing errors), using tristimulus colorimeters, practice,
Iodine-pyridine-sulfur dioxide reagent E 1455 (06.01)
water in liquid naval stores, test, D 890 (06.03) obtaining colorimetric data from video display unit, by
Iodine reagent method spectroradiometry, method, E 1336 (06.01)
phenol/cresols/xylenols/naphthalene/pyridine/quinoline-water obtaining spectroradiometric data from radiant sources for
content, by iodine reagent method, test, D 1631 (06.04) colorimetry, practice, E 1341 (06.01)
Iodine value Irradiance/irradiation-paints/related coatings/materials
acid/amine value of fatty quaternary ammonium chlorides, test, effects of radiation on coatings (for light-water nuclear power
D 2078 (06.03) plants), test, D 4082 (06.02)
fatty amines, amidoamines, and diamines, Wijs procedure, test, operating light-exposure apparatus (xenon-arc type) with/
D 2075 (06.03) without water for exposure of nonmetallic materials,
lac resins (orange shellac and button-/garnet-/bleached- practice, G 26 (06.01)
lac)/-sampling/testing, D 29 (06.03) Isatin
shellac varnish-sampling/testing, D 1650 (06.03) thiophene content of benzene, by spectrophotometry, test,
Iodine value-drying oils and their derivatives D 1685 (06.04)
modified Rosenmund-Kuhnhenn method, test, D 1541 (06.03) Isobutanol
Wijs method, test, D 1959 (06.03) See Isobutyl alcohol
Ionic contamination Isobutene (isobutylene)
See Contamination (headings) purity of hydrocarbons from freezing points, test,
Ionogenic contamination D 1016 (06.04)
blasting abrasives-water soluble ionic contamination, by Isobutyl acetate
conductimetric analysis, test, D 4940 (06.02) acetate esters-alcohol content/purity, by gas chromatography,
Iron test, D 3545 (06.04)
cellulose pulp (from wood/cotton)-metals (Fe/Cu/Mn,Ca) isobutyl acetate (95 % grade), spec., D 1718 (06.04)
content, test, D 4085 (06.03) Isobutyl alcohol
raw/burnt sienna pigments, spec., D 765 (06.03) isobutyl alcohol, spec., D 1719 (06.04)
Iron blue isocyanate group content of urethane materials/prepolymers,
chemical analysis of (iron/copper phthalocyanine/ultramanne) test, D 2572 (06.03)
blue pigments, test, D 1135 (06.01) I S 0 cups
chemical analysis of phthalocyanine blue/green pigments, test, viscosity of paints/related materials, by IS0 flow cups, test,
D 3256 (06.01) D 5125 (06.01)
iron blue pigment, spec., I)261 (06.03)
Isocyanates
Iron content-paint driers isocyanate group content of urethane materials/prepolymers,
formaldehyde, test, D 2087 (06.04) test, D 2572 (06.03)
hydrogen sulfide/sulfur dioxide (qualititative) of industrial
aromatic hydrocarbons, test, D 2363 (06.03) Isogyre pattern formation
iron in liquid iron paint driers, by EDTA method, test, crystallographic axes/contrast ratio of a Pockels cell electro-optic
D 3804 (06.01) crystal (in longitudinal mode), test, F 741 (06.01)
iron oxide black (natural)- chemical analysis, test, Isomer analysis
D 3872 (06.01) C, hydrocarbon analysis, by gas chromatography, test,
methylcellulose, test, D 1347 (06.03) D 2306 (06.04)
rosin, test, D 1064 (06.03) Isooctane
Iron oxide black purity of hydrocarbons from freezing points, test,
black synthetic iron oxide pigment, spec., D 769 (06.03) D 1016 (06.04)
iron oxide black (natural)- chemical analysis, test, Isophorone
D 3872 (06.01) isophorone, spec., D 2916 (06.04)

702
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Isophthalic acid content
isophthalic acid content of alkyd/polyester resins, test,
D 2690 (06.03)
Isoprene
purity of hydrocarbons from freezing points, test,
D 1016 (06.04)
IsopropanoI
flash/fire point of liquids, by Tag open-cup apparatus, test,
D 1310 (06.01)
Isopropyl acetate
acetate esters-alcohol content/purity, by gas chromatography,
test, D 3545 (06.04)
isopropyl acetate (99 % grade), spec., D 3131 (06.04)
Isopropyl alcohol
isopropyl alcohol, spec., D 770 (06.04)
Isopropylbenzene (cumene)
aromatic hydrocarbons/related chemicals, terminology,
D 4790 (06.04)
benzene content of cyclic hydrocarbon products, by gas
chromatography, test, D 4534 (06.04)
ethylbenzene-purity/impurities, by gas chromatography, test,
D 5060 (06.04)
isopropylbenzene (cumene)-purity/impurities, by gas
chromatography, test, D 3760 (06.04)
isopropylbenzene (cumene), spec., D 4077 (06.04)
phenol content of (refined) isopropylbenzene (cumene), test,
D 3160 (06.04)
sampling/handling liquid cyclic products (at ambient
temperature), practice, D 3437 (06.04)
4,4’-Isopropylidene diphenol
sampling/handling 4,4’- isopropylidene diphenol (bisphenol-A),
practice, D 4297 (06.04)
solidification point, test, D 4493 (06.04)
solution color of 4,4’-isopropylidenediphenol(dissolved in
methanol), test, D 4789 (06.04)
Ivory black
See Bone black
J LAC
Japanese color discrimination test
observers-selection/evaluation/training, guide, E 1499 (06.01)
Jaune de zinc
See Zinc yellow
Joints
comparative corrosion preventive characteristics of materials
used for joints/couplings/fittings/patches in pipeline
coatings, test, G 18 (06.02)
Jones reductor
total titanium in white titanium pigments, by Jones reductor,
test, D 1394 (06.01)
K clear/pigmented organic coatings, test, D 1308 (06.02)
Kaolinite
See Aluminum silicate pigments
Karl Fischer reagent method-water content
paints/paint materials, test, D 4017 (06.01j
water in volatile solvents, by Fischer reagent titration method,
test, D 1364 (06.04)
Kauri-butanol value
hydrocarbon solvents, D 1133 (06.04)
Ketones
aldehydes/ketones-purity, test, D 2192 (06.04)
aromatic hydrocarbons/related chemicals, terminology,
D 4790 (06.04)
lacquer solvents-heptane miscibility, test, D 1476 (06.04)
MEK resistance of ethyl silicate (inorganic) zinc-rich primers,
by solvent rub, test, D 4752 (06.02)
methyl (amyl ketone/isoamyl ketone)-purity, by gas
chromatography, test, D 3893 (06.04)
methyl ethyl ketone, spec., D 740 (06.04)
703
Lacquer
methyl isoamyl ketone, spec., D 2917 (06.04)
methyl isobutyl ketone (M1BK)-purity, by gas chromatog-
raphy, test, D 3329 (06.04)
methyl isobutyl ketone, spec., D 1153 (06.04)
methyl n-amyl ketone (98 % grade), spec., D 4360 (06.04)
purity of methyl ethyl ketone, using gas chromatography, test,
D 2804 (06.04)
Kiln-dry bleached lac
See Bleached lac
Kiln pine tars
See Oils-pine (natural/synthetic)
Knoop hardness number (KHN)
organic coatings-indentation hardness, by Knoop and Pfund
methods, test, D 1474 (06.01)
Konig pendulum test
hardness of organic coatings, by Konig/Persoz pendulum
hardness tests, D 4366 (06.01)
Krems white
See Basic carbonate white lead
Kubelka-Munk equation
relative tinting strength of printing ink dispersions, test,
D 2066 (06.02)
L
Labeling
art materials for chronic health hazards, practice,
D 4236 (06.02)
printed matter-abrasion resistance, by GA-CAT tester,
D 5181 (06.02)
Laboratory
abrasive blast-cleaned steel surfaces-surface profile, field
measurement in laboratory/field/fabricatingshop, test,
D 4417 (06.02)
evaluating and comparing transfer conditions-laboratory
conditions, test, D 5009 (06.02)
Laboratory mixer
water pickup of lithographic printing inks/vehicles in a
laboratory mixer, test, D 4942 (06.02)
orange shellac and (button lac/garnet lac), spec., D 237 (06.03)
Lacquer
amount of liquid separated as upper layer from a viscous
solution/dispersion containing dispersed solids, test,
D 4948 (06.01)
atmospheric environmental exposure testing of nonmetallic
materials practice, G 7 (06.01)
cellulose nitrate in alkyd lacquers, quantitative determination by
infrared spectrophotometry, test, D 3133 (06.02)
clarity/cleanness of (nonpigmented) paint and ink liquids, by
visual examination, test, D 2090 (06.03)
clear and pigmented, selection of test methods, D 333 (06.02)
coatings-water resistance, using (distilled/de-mineralized)water
immersion, practice, D 870 (06.01)
conducting tests on paint/varnish/lacquer/relatedproducts,
using enclosed carbon-arc light/water exposure apparatus,
practice, D 5031 (06.01)
density-paint/varnish/lacquer/related products, test, A D 1475
(06.01)
discoloration (light stability), test, D 2620 (06.02)
dry film thickness (of nonmagnetic organic coatings applied to a
ferrous base), D 1186 (06.01)
dry-film thickness of organic coatings, using micrometers, test,
D 1005 (06.01)
effects of overbaking on organic coatings, practice,
D 2454 (06.01)
elongation/tensile strength/stiffness, test, D 2370 (06.01)
ester value of solvents and thinners, test, D 1617 (06.04)
field identification of coatings, test, D 5043 (06.02)
film formation rates in drying or curing process, at room
temperature, test, D 1640 (06.03)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Lacquer
flash point of liquids, by Setaflash closed-cup apparatus, test,
D 3278 (06.01)
freeze-thaw stability of multicolor lacquers, test, D 2337 (06.02)
glacial acrylic acid (99.0 % grade), spec., D 4416 (06.04)
imprint resistance, of dried films, test, D 2091 (06.02)
methyl n-amyl ketone (98 % grade), spec., D 4360 (06.04)
moisture vapor transmission of organic coating films, test,
D 1653 (06.01)
nonconductive coatings-dry film thickness, nondestructive
measurement, test, D 1400 (06.01)
organic coatings-abrasion resistance, by air blast abrasive, test,
A D 658 (06.01)
organic coatings-abrasion resistance, by falling abrasive, test,
D 968 (06.01)
organic coatings-adhesion to smooth flat (planar) panel
surfaces, by scrape adhesion test, D 2197 (06.01)
organic coatings-indentation hardness, by Knoop and Pfund
methods, test, D 1474 (06.01)
organic coatings-uniform free film preparation, practice,
D 4708 (06.01)
paint/varnish/lacquer/relatedproducts, terminology,
D 16 (06.01)
particle size analysis (of multicolored/nitrocellulose-base
lacquer), test, A D 2338 (06.02)
plasticizer migration from vinyl fabrics to lacquers, method,
D 2199 (06.02)
preparing glass panels for testing, D 3891 (06.01)
stain removal (of multicolored lacquer on primed steel panels),
test, D 2198 (06.02)
standard environments for conditioning/testing paint/
varnish/lacquer/related materials, spec., D 3924 (06.01)
steel panels (zinc-/zinc alloy-coated)-preparation, for testing
paint/related coatings, practice, D 2201 (06.01)
temperature-change (high-low) resistance of clear nitrocellulose
lacquer films applied to wood, test, D 1211 (06.02)
viscosity of paints/varnishes/lacquers, by Ford viscosity cup,
test, D 1200 (06.01)
viscosity (of paints/varnishes/lacquers/related materials), by
dip-type viscosity cups, test, D 4212 (06.01)
volatile solvents/chemical intermediates-total acidity, test,
D 1613 (06.04)
wet film thickness of organic coatings, D 1212 (06.01)
wet film thickness of organic coatings, by notched gages,
practice, D 4414 (06.01)
wood furniture lacquers, test, D 2571 (06.02)
Lacquer solvents
lacquer solvents-heptane miscibility, test, D 1476 (06.04)
volatile solvents (for paint/lacquer/varnish)-nonvolatile matter,
test, D 1353 (06.04)
Lac resins
See Resins-lac
Lampblack
lampblack pigment, spec., D 209 (06.03)
solvent extractable material in black pigments, test,
D 305 (06.01)
Lampblack content
solvent extractable material in black pigments, test,
D 305 (06.01)
Lapis lazuli
See Ultramarine blue
Lasers and laser applications
contrast ratio of a pair of linear polarizers for visible radiation,
test, F 743 (06.01)
crystallographic axes/contrast ratio of a Pockels cell electro-optic
crystal (in longitudinal mode), test, F 741 (06.01)
evaluating interferometers (for uniformity of illumination,
focus, vibration, temperature stability, turbulence,
cleanliness, component defects), practice, F 742 (06.01)
interpreting interferograms (of nominally plane wavefronts),
method, F 529 (06.01)
704
lasing threshold/slope efficiency (of neodymium-doped rods),
test, F 578 (06.01)
lasing threshold/slope efficiency (of ruby rods), practice,
F 379 (06.01)
optical components-effective surface roughness, by total
integrated scattering, test, F 1048 (06.01)
specular reflectance/transmittance of optically flat-coated/
non-coated specimens, test, F 768 (06.01)
wavefront deviation (peak-to-valley) of glass rods, using Fizeau
interferometer, test, F 530 (06.01)
wavefront deviation (peak-to-valley) of polished optical surfaces,
using Fizeau interferometer, test, F 579 (06.01)
wavefront distortion/face parallelism (of polished circular/
elliptical disks), using a Fizeau interferometer, test,
F531 (06.01)
Latex paints
Sa Water-borne coatings
antimony content (low concentrations) in solids of liquid
coatings/dried films, by atomic absorption spectroscopy,
test, D 3717 (06.01)
architectural coatings (solvent-/water-thinned), selecting test
methods, index, D 2833 (06.02)
architectural paints-hiding power, applied by roller, test,
D 5150 (06.02)
artists' acrylic emulsion paints, spec., D 5098 (06.02)
blocking resistance of trade sales paints, test, D 4946 (06.02)
chromium content (low concentrations) in solids of liquid
coatings/dried films, by atomic absorption spectroscopy,
test, D 3718 (06.01)
coarse particles in pigments/pastes/paints, test, D 185 (06.03)
coatings-water resistance in 100 % relative humidity, practice,
D 2247 (06.01)
coatings (solvent-/water-reducible)-volatile content by weight
percent, test, D 2369 (06.01)
color differences of opaque materials, instrumental evaluation,
test, D 2244 (06.01)
comparison of the brush drag of latex paints, test,
D 4958 (06.02)
conducting tests on paint/varnish/lacquer/related products,
using enclosed carbon-arc light/water exposure apparatus,
practice, D 5031 (06.01)
consistency of paints, using Stormer viscometer, test,
D 562 (06.01)
density-paint/varnish/lacquer/related products, test, A D 1475
(06.01)
directional reflectance factor (45-deg 0-deg) of opaque
specimens, by broad-band filter reflectometry, test,
E 97 (06.01)
drying/curing/film formation (at room temperature), test,
D 1640 (06.03)
efflorescence (of interior wall paints), test, D 1736 (06.02)
field identification of coatings, test, D 5043 (06.02)
filter-retained solids content of polymer latexes, test,
D 5097 (06.03)
fineness of dispersion of pigment-vehicle systems, test,
D 1210 (06.01)
gloss/sheen uniformity evaluation, test, D 3928 (06.02)
hiding power of paints, by reflectometry, test, A D 2805 (06.01)
hiding power (relative dry), visual evaluation of brushouts, test,
D 344 (06.01)
high shear viscosity (of paints/varnishes/related products), by
IC1 cone/plate viscometer, test, D 4287 (06.01)
indexes of whiteness/yellowness of near-white opaque materials,
test, E 313 (06.01) ___
interior paints-wet abrasion resistance to scrubbing, test,
D 4213 (06.02)
latex paint films-low temperature coalescence, test,
D 3793 (06.02)
latex paints (tinted)-color development, test, D 5326 (06.02)
latex vehicles-nonvolatile content,quality control test,
D 4758 (06.03)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
lead/cadmium/cobalt content (low concentrations) in
nonvolatile portion of liquid coatings/dried films, by
atomic absorption spectroscopy, test, D 3335 (06.01)
leveling-paints (water-/solvent-reducible), by draw-down
method, test, D 4062 (06.02)
mandrel bend test of attached organic coatings, test,
D 522 (06.01)
mercury content (low concentrations) in liquid coatings/coatings
vehicles/dried films, by atomic absorption spectroscopy,
test, D 3624 (06.01)
opaque materials-color differences, visual examination,
practice, D 1729 (06.01)
paint spatter resistance to roller application, test, D 4707 (06.02)
preparing drawdowns of artists’ paste paints, practice,
D 4941 (06.02)
producing films of uniform thickness of paint/varnish/related
products on test panels, test, D 823 (06.01)
qualitative identification of polymers in emulsion paints, by
infrared analysis/pyrolysis-gas liquid chromatography,
practice, D 3168 (06.01)
relative tinting strength of chromatic paints, test, D 4838 (06.02)
reporting paint film failures characteristic of exterior latex
paints, classification, D 1848 (06.02)
sag resistance-liquid coatings (aqueous/nonaqueous), using
multinotch applicator, test, D 4400 (06.02)
sampling liquid paints/related pigmented coatings, practice,
D 3925 (06.01)
scrub-to-failure of interior latex flat wall paints, test,
D 2486 (06.02)
specular gloss of nonmetallic specimens, test, D 523 (06.01)
unreacted monomer content of latexes, by gas-liquid
chromatography, test, D 4747 (06.01)
unreacted monomer content of latexes using capillary column
gas chromatography, test, D 4827 (06.01)
volume nonvolatile matter in clear/pigmented coatings, test,
D 2697 (06.01)
washability of interior architectural coatings, test,
D 3450 (06.02)
water content of paints/paint materials, by Karl Fischer
method, test, D 4017 (06.01)
water content of water-reducible paints, by direct injection into
gas chromatograph, test, D 3792 (06.01)
wet-to-dry hiding change of architectural coatings, test,
D 5007 (06.02)
wood used as panels in weathering tests of coatings, spec.,
D 358 (06.02)
Latex paints-selection and use of test procedures
house paints (exterior latex), guide, D 3129 (06.02)
interior latex semigloss/gloss paints, guide, D 4540 (06.02)
latex vehicles, guide, D 4143 (06.03)
volatile organic compound (VOC) content-paints/related
coatings, selecting test procedures, practice, D 3960 (06.01
wall paints (interior latex flat), guide, D 2931 (06.02)
Latex vehicles
latex vehicles-nonvolatile content,quality control test,
D 4758 (06.03)
unreacted monomer content of latexes, by gas-liquid
chromatography, test, D 4747 (06.01)
unreacted monomer content of latexes using capillary column
gas chromatography, test, D 4827 (06.01)
Leachates/leaching
water-soluble salts in pigments, by measuring specific resistance
of pigment leachate, test, D 2448 (06.03)
Lead chromate pigment
chemical/gravimetric analysis of white/yellow thermoplastic
traffic marking material containing lead chromate and
titanium dioxide, test, D 4797 (06.01)
lead/chromium content (in air particulate filter samples of lead
chromate type pigment dusts), by atomic absorption
spectroscopy, test, D 4358 (06.01)
Light-exposure
yellow/orange/green pigments containing lead chromate/
chromium oxide green, analysis, test, D 126 (06.01)
Lead content-paints/related coatings/materials
analysis of white zinc pigments, test, D 3280 (06.01)
chromium trioxide content of basic lead silico-chromate
pigment, test, D 1844 (06.01)
detection of lead in paint/dried paint films, test, D 3618 (06.01)
lead/cadmium/cobalt content (low concentrations) in
nonvolatile portion of liquid coatings/dried films, by
atomic absorption spectroscopy, test, D 3335 (06.01)
lead/chromium content (in air particulate filter samples of lead
chromate type pigment dusts), by atomic absorption
spectroscopy, test, D 4358 (06.01)
lead content-paint driers, by EDTA method, test,
D 2374 (06.01)
lead content in paint, by direct aspiration atomic absorption
spectroscopy, test, D 4834 (06.01)
lead peroxide/true red lead content of dry red lead pigments,
test, D 49 (06.01)
liquid paint driers, selection of test methods, D 564 (06.01)
white linseed oil paints-chemical analysis, selecting test
methods, practice, D 215 (06.01)
yellow/orange/green pigments containing lead chromate/
chromium oxide green, test, D 126 (06.01)
Leaded zinc oxide
analysis of white zinc pigments, test, D 3280 (06.01)
Lead peroxide content
lead peroxide/true red lead content of dry red lead pigments,
test, D 49 (06.01)
Lead salt infrared radiation thermometers
temperature of applied coatings on wood products during the
curing cycle, by infrared radiation thermometers, practice,
D 3259 (06.02)
Lead screening test
lead content in paint, by direct aspiration atomic absorption
spectroscopy, test, D 4834 (06.01)
Lead silicochromate
lead/chromium content (in air particulate filter samples of lead
chromate type pigment dusts), by atomic absorption
spectroscopy, test, D 4358 (06.01)
Leafing properties
sampling/testing flaked aluminum powders/pastes, methods,
D 480 (06.03)
Leveling characteristics
leveling-paints (water-/solvent-reducible), by draw-down
method, test, D 4062 (06.02)
Level of inspection (coatings)
See Inspection-coating applications
Lieberman-Storch test
qualitative detection of rosin in varnishes, by Lieberman-
Storch/Halphen-Hicks tests, D 1542 (06.03)
Light-exposure
carbon-arc light-exposure apparatus-nonmetallic materials,
operating with/without water, practice, G 23 (06.01)
conducting exposures of nonmetallic materials to daylight
filtered through glass, practice, G 24 (06.01)
conducting tests on paint/varnish/lacquer/relatedproducts,
using enclosed carbon-arc light/water exposure apparatus,
practice, D 5031 (06.01)
cure time of ultraviolet-cured coatings, practice, D 3732 (06.02)
exposure of paints/related coatings to fluorescent UV-
condensation light-water-exposure apparatus, practice for
conducting tests, D 4587 (06.01)
filtered open flame carbon-arc light/water exposure apparatus-
paints and related coatings/materials, conducting
accelerated tests (using G 23), practice, D 822 (06.01)
lightfastness of pigments (in artists’ paints), test, D 4303 (06.02)
operating light-exposure apparatus (xenon-arc type) with/
without water for exposure of nonmetallic materials,
practice, G 26 (06.01)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Light-exposure
operating light-/water-exposure apparatus (fluorescent-UV
condensation type) for exposure of nonmetallic materials,
practice, G 53 (06.01)
printed matter-lightfastness/weatherability, by natural
daylight/laboratory exposures, test, D 3424 (06.02)
Light-light fastness
lightfastness of pigments (in artists’ paints), test, D 4303 (06.02)
printed matter-lightfastness/weatherability, by natural
daylight/laboratory exposures, test, D 3424 (06.02)
Light-reflectance
See Reflectance and reflectivity (headings)
Light-scattering
angle resolved optical scatter measurements on specular/diffuse
surfaces, test, E 1392 (06.01)
optical components-effective surface roughness, by total
integrated scattering, test, F 1048 (06.01)
Light-stability
clear coatings, by sunlight-through-glass method, test,
D 2620 (06.02)
Light-transmission and reflection
coefficient of retroreflection (of sheeting), test, E 810 (06.01)
color by Munsell color ordering system, test, D 1535 (06.01)
color changes (of opaque materials), by instrumental evaluation,
test, D 2244 (06.01)
color differences of materials (seen by reflected/transmitted
light), instrumental evaluation, practice, E 805 (06.01)
colorimetry of retroreflectors under nighttime conditions,
practice, E 811 (06.01)
computing colors of objects, by CIE system, method,
E 308 (06.01)
contrast ratio of a pair of linear polarizers for visible radiation,
test, F 743 (06.01)
evaluation of visual color difference (of non-self luminous
materials) with a gray scale, test, D 2616 (06.01)
gloss differences-surfaces of similar appearance, visual
evaluation, test, D 4449 (06.01)
goniophotometry of objects/materials, practice, E 167 (06.01)
interferometer-uniformity of illumination/focus/vibration,
temperature stability/turbulence/cleanliness/component
defects, practice, F 742 (06.01)
light stability of clear coatings, by sunlight-through-glass
method, test, D 2620 (06.02)
measuring photometric characteristics of retroreflectors,
practice, E 809 (06.01)
metamerism, visual examination, D 4086 (06.01)
obtaining colorimetric data from a visual display unit (for
minimizing errors), using tristimulus colorimeters, practice.
E 1455 (06.01)
opaque materials-color differences, visual examination,
practice, D 1729 (06.01)
retroreflection-retroreflectors, terminology, practice,
E 808 (06.01)
selection of geometric conditions for measurement of
reflection/transmission properties of materials, practice,
E 179 (06.01)
specific luminance of horizontal coatings (traffic stripe paint
systems/traffc tapes/traffic surface symbols, instrumental
measurement, test, D 4061 (06.01)
Lightening power
See Tinting strength
Lightfastness
artists’ acrylic emulsion paints, spec., D 5098 (06.02)
Limestone drop test
pipeline coatings-impact resistance, by limestone drop test,
G 13 (06.02)
Limiting viscosity number
limiting viscosity number of cellulose acetate propionate/
butyrate, test, A D 817 (06.03)
Limonite
See Ocher
706
Linear changes/linearity
contrast ratio of a pair of linear polarizers for visible radiation,
test, F 743 (06.01)
Linear programmed temperature gas chromatography
See Chromatography-gas (headings)
Lining industry
continuity verification of liquid/sheet linings applied to concrete
substrates, practice, D 4787 (06.02)
flue gas desulfurization system components-design/fabrication
for protective lining application, spec., D 4618 (06.02)
inspection of linings in operating flue gas desulfurization
systems, practice, D 4619 (06.02)
Linings
continuity verification of liquid/sheet linings applied to concrete
substrates, practice, D 4787 (06.02)
protective coating/lining work for power generation facilities,
terminology, D 4538 (06.02)
specifying inspection requirements for coating/lining work on
metal substrates, guide, D 5161 (06.02)
Linseed oil
absorption (by pigments), by Gardner-Coleman method, test,
D 1483 (06.01)
absorption (by pigments), spatula rub-out test, D 281 (06.01)
boiled linseed oil, spec., D 260 (06.03)
linseed oil, spec., D 1538 (06.03)
raw, foots, by gravimetric method, test, D 1966 (06.03)
raw, foots, by volumetric method, test, D 1954 (06.03)
raw linseed oil, spec., D 234 (06.03)
white linseed oil paints-chemical analysis, selecting test
methods, practice, D 215 (06.01)
Lipids
alcohol-benzene soluble matter in cellulose, test, D 1794 (06.03)
Liquid chemicals
See Chemicals
Liquid coating properties
architectural coatings (solvent-borne interior/exterior), selecting
test methods, index, D 5146 (06.02)
Liquid cyclic products
sampling/handling liquid cyclic products (at ambient
temperature), practice, D 3437 (06.04)
Liquid driers
See Driers
Liquid epoxy resins
Sa Resins-epoxy
epoxy content of epoxy resins, test, D 1652 (06.03)
liquid epoxy resins-hydrolyzable chloride content, test,
D 1726 (06.03)
Liquids
amount of liquid separated as upper layer from a viscous
solution/dispersion containing dispersed solids, test,
D 4948 (06.01)
chemical resistance of pipeline coatings, test, G 20 (06.02)
clarity/cleanness of (nonpigmented) paint and ink liquids, by
visual examination, test, D 2090 (06.03)
commercial density (of pure liquid chemicals), test,
D 3505 (06.04)
flash/fire point of liquids, by Tag open-cup apparatus, test,
D 1310 (06.01)
flash point by Tag closed tester, test, D 56 (06.04)
flash point (of fuel oils/lube oils/suspension of solids/liquids), by
Pensky-Martens closed tester, test, D 93 (06.01)
Gardner color scale-transparent liquids, test, D 1544 (06.01)
liquid/solid status (of viscous materials), test, D 4359 (06.01)
oiticia oil (permanently liquid), spec., D 601 (06.03)
sustained burning (of liquid mixtures), by Seta-flash tester (open
cup), test, D 4206 (06.01)
sustained burning (of low viscosity liquid mixtures), by Wick
test, D 4207 (06.01)
viscosity of transparent liquids, by bubble time method, test,
D 1545 (06.03)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Material handling
Lithium methoxide Magnesium oxide (MgO) content
carboxylic acids identification-alkyd resins, method, magnesium oxide in magnesium silicate pigment, test,
D 2455 (06.03) D 717 (06.01)
Loading tests Magnesium silicate
pull-off strength of coatings, using portable adhesion testers, magnesium silicate pigment (talc), spec., D 605 (06.03)
test, D 4541 (06.02) Magnesium silicate pigment
Loading tests-metals/alloys magnesium silicate pigment, analysis, test, D 717 (06.01)
salt spray (fog) testing, method, B 117 (06.01) Magnetic flux
Loss of adhesion film thickness of pipeline coatings on steel, nondestructive
See Adhesion-loss of adhesion measurement, method, G 12 (06.02)
Loss of coolant accident (LOCA) conditions Magnetic testing
See Nuclear reactor vessels-light-water cooled film thickness of pipeline coatings on steel, nondestructive
measurement, method, G 12 (06.02)
Loss on ignition Magnitude scaling tests
See Ignition (headings) observers-selection/evaluation/training, guide, E 1499 (06.01)
Low concentrations (of elements) Maintenance-coatings
antimony content (low concentrations) in solids of liquid aged coatings on steel surfaces-visual assessment, guide,
coatings/dried films, by atomic absorption spectroscopy, D 5065 (06.02)
test, D 3717 (06.01) establishing procedures to monitor performance of safety related
chromium content (low concentrations) in solids of liquid coatings in operating nuclear power plant, guide,
coatings/dried films, by atomic absorption spectroscopy, D 5163 (06.02)
test, D 3718 (06.01) patch test-coating compatibility, conducting procedure,
lead/cadmium/cobalt content (low concentrations) in practice, D 5064 (06.02)
nonvolatile portion of liquid coatings/dried films, by Maleic acid content
atomic absorption spectroscopy, test, D 3335 (06.01) maleic acid content of maleic anhydride, by potentiometric
mercury content (low concentrations) in liquid coatings/coatings titration, test, D 2930 (06.04)
vehicles/dried films, by atomic absorption spectroscopy,
test, D 3624 (06.01) Maleic anhydride
color in molten state/after heating, by platinum cobalt scale
Low hiding strontium chromate (includes phthalic anhydride), test, D 3366 (06.04)
See Strontium chromate maleic acid content of maleic anhydride, by potentiometric
Low temperature bake coatings titration, test, D 2930 (06.04)
latex vehicles-nonvolatile content,quality control test, maleic anhydride, spec., D 3504 (06.04)
D 4758 (06.03) sampling and handling naphthalene, maleic anhydride, and
Low voltage wet sponge test phthalic anhydride, practice, D 3438 (06.04)
discontinuity (holiday) testing of nonconductive protective Mandrel bend test
coating on metallic substrates, practice, D 5162 (06.02) mandrel bend test of attached organic coatings, test,
Luminance D 522 (06.01)
horizontal coatings (traffic stripe paint systems/traffic Manganese
tapes/traffic surface symbols), instrumental measurement, black synthetic iron oxide pigment, spec., D 769 (06.03)
test, D 4061 (06.01) liquid paint driers, selection of test methods, D 564 (06.01)
obtaining colorimetric data from video display unit, by raw/burnt sienna Digments. sDec.. D 765 (06.03)
spectroradiometry, method, E 1336 (06.01) synthetic red ironbiide pigment,' spec., D 3721'(06.03)
obtaining spectroradiometric data from radiant sources for Manganese content
colorimetry, practice, E 1341 (06.01) cellulose pulp (from wood/cotton)-metals (Fe/Cu/Mn,Ca)
Luminescent materials content, test, D 4085 (06.03)
understanding the properties of high visibility materials (for paint driers-manganese content, by EDTA method, test,
individual safety), guide, F 923 (06.01) D 2375 (06.01)
Luminous reflectance factor Manufacturing processes
Sa Reflectance and reflectivity (headings) transfer efficiency under production conditions for spray
luminous reflectance factor of acoustical materials, by use of application of automotive paints, by weight basis, practice,
integrating sphere reflectometers, test, E 1477 (06.01) D 5066 (06.02)
obtaining spectrophotometric data for object-color evaluation, Marine (shipboard) coatings
practice, E 1164 (06.01) See Antifouling paint pigments (headings)
reflecting characteristics of metallic surfaces, using integrating Mar resistance
sphere instruments, test, E 429 (06.01) organic coatings-mar resistance, using balanced beam scrape
adhesion and mar test, D 5178 (06.01)
M Masonry assemblages
making and preparing concrete/masonry panels for testing pain!
Magazine covers finishes, method, D 1734 (06.02)
printed matter-abrasion resistance, by GA-CAT tester, surface cleaning concrete unit masonry (for coating), practice,
D 5181 (06.02) D 4261 (06.02)
Magnesium alloys Masonry water repellents
surface preparation for painting, practice, D 1732 (06.02) nonvolatile content in silanes/siloxanes/silane-siloxaneblends
Magnesium anode method used in masonry water-repellent treatments, test,
pipeline coatings-cathodic disbonding, accelerated procedures, D 5095 (06.02)
test, G 8 (06.02) Material handling
Magnesium carbonate naphthalene, maleic/phthalic anhydride, practice,
acid-insoluble extenders in (iron/copper phthalocyanine/ D 3438 (06.04)
ultramarine) blue pigments, test, D 1135 (06.01) phenol and cresylic acid, practice, D 3852 (06.04)

707
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Material handling
pipeline coatings-impact resistance, by falling weight test,
G 14 (06.02)
sampling and handling aniline, practice, D 3436 (06.04)
sampling/handling 4,4’-isopropylidene diphenol (bisphenol-A),
practice, D 4297 (06.04)
sampling/handling liquid cyclic products (at ambient
temperature), practice, D 3437 (06.04)
water-soluble chromates-safety/health requirements relating to
occupational exposure, practice, E 848 (06.01)
Matter insoluble in chloroform
chloroform insoluble matter in oiticia oil, test, D 1958 (06.03)
Mechanical damage
specific bendability of pipeline coatings, test, G 10 (06.02)
Mechanical muller
See Muller device
MEHQ content
See Methyl ether of hydroquinone (MEHQ) content
MEK (methyl ethyl ketone) resistance
See Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)
Melting point
polymeric powders/powder coatings-melting point, practice,
D 3451 (06.02)
Menhaden-derived fish oil
See Oils-drying
Mercaptans
mineral (petroleum) spirits hydrocarbon drycleaning solvent,
spec., D 235 (06.04)
Mercuric oxide
analysis, D 284 (06.01)
mercuric oxide for use in antifouling paints, spec.,
D 911 (06.03)
Mercury content
dry mercuric oxide pigment, test, D 284 (06.01)
mercury content (low concentrations) in liquid coatings/coatings
vehicles/dried films, by atomic absorption spectroscopy,
test, D 3624 (06.01)
Mesityl oxide
phenol-major organic impurities produced by cumene process,
using gas chromatography, test, D 4961 (06.04)
Metallic copper content
chemical analysis of cuprous oxide/copper pigments, test,
D 283 (06.01)
Metallic finishes
high-gloss surfaces-gloss, by goniophotometry, test,
E 430 (06.01)
Metal mirrors
optical components-effective surface roughness, by total
integrated scattering, test, F 1048 (06.01)
Metal powder pigments
See Aluminum powder and paste/Copper powder
Sa Gold bronze powder/Zinc dust
Metal primer
Sa Primer
zinc yellow (zinc chromate) pigments, spec., D 478 (06.03)
Metals and metallic materials
reflecting characteristics of metallic surfaces, using integrating
sphere instruments, test, E 429 (06.01)
wet film thickness of organic coatings, D 1212 (06.01)
Metals and metallic materials-coating applications
accelerated outdoor exposure tests of coatings (applied to metal
substrates), practice, D 4141 (06.01)
cellulose pulp (from wood/cotton)-metals (Fe/Cu/Mn,Ca)
content, test, D 4085 (06.03)
coil coatings, testing, practice, D 3794 (06.02)
discontinuity (holiday) testing of nonconductive protective
coating on metallic substrates, practice, D 5162 (06.02)
flexibility/adhesion of organic coatings (paints) on prepainted
deformed metallic sheets, test, D 4145 (06.02)
708
high-gloss surfaces-gloss, by goniophotometry, test,
E 430 (06.01)
mandrel bend test of attached organic coatings, test,
D 522 (06.01)
painted surfaces- evaluating degree of blistering, A D 714
(06.O 1)
specifying inspection requirements for coating/lining work on
metal substrates, guide, D 5161 (06.02)
testing primers/primer surfacers over preformed metal,
selection/use of procedures, practice, D 3322 (06.02)
Metamerism
metamerism, visual evaluation, D 4086 (06.01)
Metaxylene
See meta-Xylene
Methacrylic acid (glacial)
glacial (98.5 %) methacrylic acid (for use in paint/varnish/
lacquer/related products), spec., D 3845 (06.04)
Methanol (methyl alcohol)
Sa Chemicals/Petroleum and petroleum products
(headings)
acetone in methanol (methyl alcohol), test, D 1612 (06.04)
acetone/methanol-permanganate time, test, D 1363 (06.04)
methanol content of formaldehyde solutions, test,
D 2380 (06.04)
methanol (methyl alcohol), spec., D 1152 (06.04)
solution color of 4,4’-isopropylidenediphenol(dissolved in
methanol), test, D 4789 (06.04)
Methoxy ethanol
2-methoxyethanol, spec., D 3128 (06.04)
Methoxyl content
hydrogen sulfide/sulfur dioxide (qualititative) of industrial
aromatic hydrocarbons, test, D 2363 (06.03)
methylcellulose, test, D 1347 (06.03)
Methoxyl/hydroxypropyl substitution
cellulose ether products, by Zeisel-gas chromatography, test,
D 3876 (06.03)
Methyl acrylate
methyl acrylate, spec., D 4709 (06.04)
Methyl amyl acetate
methyl amyl acetate, spec., D 2634 (06.04)
Methyl amyl alcohol
See Methyl isobutyl carbinol
Methyl amyl ketone (MAK)
methyl (amyl ketone/isoamyl ketone)-purity, by gas
chromatography, test, D 3893 (06.04)
methyl n-amyl ketone (98 % grade), spec., D 4360 (06.04)
Methylbenzofuran
phenol-major organic impurities produced by cumene process,
using gas chromatography, test, D 4961 (06.04)
Methyl butyl ketone
methyl (amyl ketone/isoamyl ketone)-purity, by gas
chromatography, test, D 3893 (06.04)
Methylcellulose
See Cellulose and cellulose derivatives
Methylcyclohexane
purity of hydrocarbons from freezing points, test,
D 1016 (06.04)
Methylene chloride
dichloromethane/ 1,1,1-trichloroethane content-paints/coatings,
by direct injection gas chromatography, test,
D 4457 (06.01)
Methyl esters
fatty acid composition, by gas-liquid chromatography of methyl
esters, test, D 1983 (06.03)
preparation from oils, for fatty acid composition determination
by gas-liquid chromatography, D 2800 (06.03)
preparation of methyl esters from fatty acids, for fatty acid
composition analysis, test, D 3457 (06.03)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Moisture content-paints/related coatings/materiab
Methyl ether of hydroquinone (MEHQ) content Microscopic examination-paints/related coatings
methyl ether of hydroquinone (MEHQ) content of colorless coatings on wood products-dry film thickness, microscopical
monomeric acrylate esters, test, D 3125 (06.03) measurement, test, D 5235 (06.02)
Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) dry film thickness of protective coating systems, by destructive
MEK resistance of ethyl silicate (inorganic) zinc-rich primers, means, test, D 4138 (06.02)
by solvent rub, test, D 4752 (06.02) reporting particle size characteristics of pigments, practice,
methyl ethyl ketone, spec., D 740 (06.04) D 1366 (06.03)
purity of methyl ethyl ketone, using gas chromatography, test, Microwave ovens/procedures
D 2804 (06.04) laboratory preparation of gelled vehicles, using microwave oven,
Methyl isoamyl ketone (MIAK) practice, D 5166 (06.03)
methyl (amyl ketone/isoamyl ketone)-purity, by gas Migration
chromatography, test, D 3893 (06.04) plasticizer migration from vinyl fabrics to lacquers, method,
methyl isoamyl ketone, spec., D 2917 (06.04) D 2199 (06.02)
Methyl isobutyl carbinol Milliequivalency
methyl isobutyl carbinol, spec., D 2635 (06.04) acid/base milliequivalent content of (anodic/cathodic)
Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) electrocoat baths/their ultrafiltrates, test, D 4370 (06.01)
methyl isobutyl ketone (M1BK)-purity, by gas chromatog- Milori blue
raphy, test, D 3329 (06.04) See Iron blue
methyl isobutyl ketone, spec., D 1153 (06.04) Minerals
Methyl methacrylate field identification of coatings, test, D 5043 (06.02)
unreacted monomer content of latexes, by gas-liquid Mineral spirits
chromatography, test, D 4747 (06.01) aromatics (ethylbenzene and eight-carbon (C,/heavier) content
unreacted monomer content of latexes using capillary column in mineral spirits, by gas chromatography, test,
gas chromatography, test, D 4827 (06.01) D 3257 (06.04)
Methylol group content mineral (petrokum) spirits hydrocarbon drycleaning solvent,
methylol group determination (qualitative) in phenolic resins, spec., D 235 (06.04)
test, D 4706 (06.03) porosity of paint films (to indicate coating penetration), test,
Methylstyrene D 3258 (06.02)
phenol-major organic impurities produced by cumene process, Miniature sandmill method
using gas chromatography, test, D 4961 (06.04) dry color pigments-color/strength, by miniature sandmill, test,
Metric practice-SI (International System of Units) A D 3022 (06.01)
use of international system of units (SI) (modernized metric Minimum film formation (of paints)
system), excerpts, See Film-formation rates
(Related Material-all volumes) (06.01, 06.02, 06.03, 06.04) Minimum film formation temperature (MFFT)
Mica pigment minimum film formation temperature (MFFT) of emulsion
grit content of mica pigment, test, D 716 (06.01) vehicles, test, D 2354 (06.02)
wet ground mica pigments, spec., D 607 (06.03) Mirrors
Microbiological examination optical components-effective surface roughness, by total
presence of and removing microbial (fungal/algal) growth on integrated scattering, test, F 1048 (06.01)
paint/related coatings, guide, D 4610 (06.01) performing accelerated outdoor weathering of nonmetallic
Microbiological examination-paints/related coatings materials, using concentrated natural sunlight, practice,
discoloration susceptibility (in exterior exposure tests), practice, G 90 (06.01)
D 3456 (06.01) Miscibility
emulsion paints (in containers)-microorganism attack lacquer solvents-heptane miscibility, test, D 1476 (06.04)
resistance, test, D 2574 (06.01) water miscibility of water-soluble solvents, test, D 1722 (06.04)
interior coatings-mold growth resistance, 4-week exposure in Mixed aniline point
environmental chamber, test, D 3273 (06.01) dipentene/related terpene solvents-sampling/testing, methods,
paint films, evaluating degree of surface disfigurement, D 801 (06.03)
A D 3274 (06.01) Mixed xylene
Microcoulometry See Xylene (mixed)
See Coulometry-microcoulometry MMFT
Microelectronic device processing-water See Film
reagent water, spec., D 1193 (06.01) Model “C” wet film thickness gage
Micrometer wet film thickness of organic coatings, D 1212 (06.01)
disbonding charcteristics of pipeline coatings, by direct soil Modified Wolfe-potentiometric method
burial, test, G 19 (06.02) See Wolfe-potentiometric method
dry-film thickness of organic coatings, using micrometers, test, Moisture analysis
D 1005 (06.01) conditioning of materials for tests, def. of terms, E 41 (06.01)
pipeline coatings-penetration resistance, by blunt rod test, Moisture analysis-wood products
G 17 (06.02) edge performance of composite wood products under surfactant
Microprismatic retroreflectors accelerated moisture stress, test, D 2065 (06.02)
understanding the properties of high visibility materials (for Moisture content-paints/related coatings/materials
individual safety), guide, F 923 (06.01) calcium borosilicate, test, D 4487 (06.01)
Microroughness capillary moisture in concrete, by plastic sheet method, test,
optical components-effective surface roughness, by total D 4263 (06.02)
integrated scattering, test, F 1048 (06.01) cellulose acetate propionates/butyrate, test, A D 817 (06.03)
Microscopic examination-electronic materials cellulose acetate, test, D 871 (06.03)
defect width on optical surfaces, using Nomarski differential dipentene/related terpene solvents-sampling/testing, methods,
microscopy, test, F 532 (06.01) D 801 (06.03)

709
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Moisture content-paints/related coatings/materials
ethylcellulose, test, D 914 (06.03)
hydrogen sulfide/sulfur dioxide (qualititative) of industrial
aromatic hydrocarbons, test, D 2363 (06.03)
hydroxyethylcellulose, test, D 2364 (06.03)
hygroscopic moisture (and other matter volatile under test
conditions) in pigments, test, D 280 (06.01)
lac resins (orange shellac and button-/garnet-/bleached-
lac)/-sampling/testing, D 29 (06.03)
methylcellulose, test, D 1347 (06.03)
moisture content of (iron/copper phthalocyanine/ultramarine)
blue pigments, by Brabender test, D 1135 (06.01)
moisture in cellulose, test, D 1348 (06.03)
pentaerythritol, test, D 2195 (06.04)
sodium glycolate content of sodium carboxymethylcellulose,
test, D 1439 (06.03)
strontium chromate pigment-moisture content, USE D 280 (v
06.01), D 1845 (06.01)
tall oil-testing, methods, D 803 (06.03)
water content of paints/paint materials, by Karl Fischer
method, test, D 4017 (06.01)
water in liquid naval stores, test, D 890 (06.03)
Moisture degradation
conducting tests on paint/vamish/lacquer/related products,
using enclosed carbon-arc light/water exposure apparatus,
practice, D 5031 (06.01)
Moisture passage
water penetration into pipeline coatings, test, G 9 (06.02)
Moisture vapor permeability
moisture vapor transmission of organic coating films, test,
D 1653 (06.01)
Molar substitution (MS)
hydroxyethylcellulose, test, D 2364 (06.03)
Molecular weight-average
acid/amine value of fatty quaternary ammonium chlorides, test.
D 2080 (06.03)
Molybdate pigment
molybdate orange pigments, spec., D 2218 (06.03)
yellow/orange/green pigments containing lead chromate/
chromium oxide green, analysis, test, D 126 (06.01)
Molybdenum content
molybdate orange pigments, spec., D 2218 (06.03)
yellow/orange/green pigments containing lead chromate/
chromium oxide green, analysis, test, D 126 (06.01)
Monitoring-semiconductor processing
optical components-effective surface roughness, by total
integrated scattering, test, F 1048 (06.01)
Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
See Hydrocarbons (headings)
Monocyclic terpene hydrocarbons
See Dipentene (and related terpene solvents) (headings)
Monomeric acrylate esters (colorless)
methyl ether of hydroquinone (MEHQ) content of colorless
monomeric acrylate esters, test, D 3125 (06.03)
Monomers
unreacted monomer content of latexes, by gas-liquid
chromatography, test, D 4747 (06.01)
water content of paints/paint materials, by Karl Fischer
method, test, D 4017 (06.01)
Monomer (unreacted)
unreacted monomer content of latexes using capillary column
gas chromatography, test, D 4827 (06.01)
Monopentaerythritol content
monopentaerythritol in commercial pentaerythritol, by gas
chromotography/dibenzal methods, test, D 2195 (06.04)
Mortar resistance
acid/mortar resistance of factory-applied clear coatings on
extruded aluminum products, test, D 3260 (06.02)
Mottling
pressure mottling/blocking resistance of organic coatings (on
metal substrates), test, D 3003 (06.02)
7 10
reporting paint film failures characteristic of exterior latex
paints, classification, D 1848 (06.02)
Mud-cracking
reporting paint film failures characteristic of exterior latex
paints, classification, D 1848 (06.02)
Muffle-furnace technique
chemical/gravimetric analysis of white/yellow thermoplastic
traffic marking material containing lead chromate and
titanium dioxide, test, D 4797 (06.01)
nonvolatile and pigment content of electrocoat baths, using
mume fumace, test, D 5145 (06.01)
Muller device
color/tinting strength (of dry colored pigments/pastes in oil),
test, D 387 (06.01)
Multi-component paints
coatings (solvent-/water-reducible)-volatile content by weight
percent, test, D 2369 (06.01)
Multinotch applicator
sag resistance-liquid coatings (aqueous/nonaqueous), using
multinotch applicator, test, D 4400 (06.02)
wet film thickness of organic coatings, by notched gages,
practice, D 4414 (06.01)
Munsell color system
appearance (of objects/materials/light sources), terminology,
E 284 (06.01)
color by Munsell color ordering system, test, D 1535 (06.01)
N
Naphtha and naphtha derivatives
acidity of benzene/toluene/xylenes/solvent naphthas/similar
industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, test, D 847 (06.04)
acid wash color of industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, test,
D 848 (06.04)
aromatic hydrocarbons/related chemicals, terminology,
D 4790 (06.04)
evaporation residue determination, test, D 2232 (06.04)
high-flash aromatic naphthas, spec., D 3734 (06.04)
phenol/cresols/xylenols/naphthalene/pyridine/quinoline-water
content, by iodine reagent method, test, D 1631 (06.04)
sampling and handling naphthalene, maleic anhydride, and
phthalic anhydride, practice, D 3438 (06.04)
VM & P naphthas, spec., D 3735 (06.04)
Natural drying oils
See Oils-drying
Natural iron oxide pigments
See Iron oxide black
Natural pigments
iron oxide black (natural)- chemical analysis, test,
D 3872 (06.01)
natural red/brown iron oxide pigments, spec., D 3722 (06.03)
pure para red toner pigment, spec., D 475 (06.03)
pure toluidine red toner, spec., D 656 (06.03)
Natural pine oil
See Oils-pine (natural/synthetic)
Natural weathering
Sa Weathering (headings)
nonmetallic materials-natural/artificial weathering,
terminology, G 113 (06.01)
Natural yellow oxide
See Ocher
Naval stores
driers/drying oils/naval stores/solvents-volatile/nonvolatile
content, selecting test methods, guide, D 4140 (06.01)
naval stores-acid number, incl. tall oil/wood and gum
rosin/related products, test, D 465 (06.03)
naval stores-unsaponifiable matter, incl. rosin/tall oil/related
products, test, D 1065 (06.03)
naval stores (incl. tall oil/related products)-terminology,
D 804 (06.03)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Nonvolatile matter content
water in liquid naval stores, test, D 890 (06.03) Nondestructive evaluation (NDE)
Negative Beilstein atmospheric environmental exposure testing of nonmetallic
field identification of coatings, test, D 5043 (06.02) materials practice, G 7 (06.01)
Neutral salt spray test Nondestructive evaluation (NDE)-paints/related coatings
See Salt spray (fog) testing film thickness of pipeline coatings on steel, nondestructive
Newtonian liquids measurement, method, G 12 (06.02)
viscosity of paints/varnishes/lacquers,by Ford viscosity cup, nonconductive coatings-dry film thickness, nondestructive
test, D 1200 (06.01) measurement, test, D 1400 (06.01)
viscosity of printing inks/vehicles, by falling-rod viscometer, pipeline coatings-effect of outdoor weathering, test,
test, D 4040 (06.02) G 11 (06.02)
Nitration gradelpure benzene/benzol Nondestructive evaluation (NDE)-semiconductors
See Benzene optical components-effective surface roughness, by total
Nitration grade/pure toluene/toluol integrated scattering, test, F 1048 (06.01)
See Toluene Nondestructive evaluation (NDE)-x-ray diffraction
Nitration grade xylene See X-ray diffraction
See Xylene (nitration grade) Nonheat-reactive resins
Nitrobenzene See Resins (headings)
nitrobenzene in aniline, test, D 4589 (06.04) Non-heatset paste printing inks
Nitrocellulose printed matter-lightfastness/weatherability, by natural
See Cellulose and cellulose derivatives (headings) daylight/laboratory exposures, test, D 3424 (06.02)
Nitrogen-containing plastics printing ink dispersions-coarse particle (>45 Fm) weight
nitrogen (total) content of nitrogen-containing plastics/ concentration, by sieve retention, test, D 2067 (06.02)
resins/resin solutions, test, D 1013 (06.03) Non-human control-algae
Nitrogen content See Algae
nitrogen (total) content of nitrogen-containing plastics/ Nonleafing aluminum pigment
resins/resin solutions, test, D 1013 (06.03) See Aluminum powder and paste
soluble cellulose nitrate, testing, methods, D 301 (06.03) Nonmagnetic coatings
soluble nitrocellulose, by ferrous sulfate procedure, test, film thickness of pipeline coatings on steel, nondestructive
D 4795 (06.03) measurement, method, G 12 (06.02)
Nitrogen impurities Nonmagnetic organic coatings
pyridine base content in cresylic acid, by direct titration, test, dry-film thickness of organic coatings, using micrometers, test,
D 4471 (06.04) D 1005 (06.01)
Nomarski differential microscopy Nonmetallic materials
defect width on optical surfaces, using Nomarski differential atmospheric environmental exposure testing of nonmetallic
microscopy, test, F 532 (06.01) materials practice, G 7 (06.01)
Nonamine component content carbon-arc light-exposure apparatus-nonmetallic materials,
non-amine component content of fatty amines/nonamines, test, operating with/without water, practice, G 23 (06.01)
D 2082 (06.03) conducting exposures of nonmetallic materials to daylight
Nonaromatic hydrocarbons filtered through glass, practice, G 24 (06.01)
Sa Hydrocarbons (headings) disbonding characteristics of pipeline coatings, by direct soil
aromatic hydrocarbons/related chemicals, terminology, burial, test, G 19 (06.02)
D 4790 (06.04) filtered open flame carbon-arc light/water exposure apparatus-
C8 hydrocarbon analysis, by gas chromatography, test, paints and related coatings/materials, conducting
D 2306 (06.04) accelerated tests (using G 23), practice, D 822 (06.01)
ethylbenzene-purity/impurities, by gas chromatography, test, high-gloss surfaces-gloss, by goniophotometry, test,
D 5060 (06.04) E 430 (06.01)
total non-aromatic/trace monocyclic hydrocarbon aromatic operating light-exposure apparatus (xenon-arc type) with/
hydrocarbons in high-punty benzene/toluene/mixed without water for exposure of nonmetallic materials,
zylenes, by gas chromatography, test, D 2360 (06.04) practice, G 26 (06.01)
Nonaromatic impurities operating light-/water-exposure apparatus (fluorescent-UV
chemical analysis of benzene, by gas chromatography, test, condensation type) for exposure of nonmetallic materials,
D 4492 (06.04) practice, G 53 (06.01)
performing accelerated outdoor weathering of nonmetallic
Noncoated optical specimens materials, using concentrated natural sunlight, practice,
specular reflectance/transmittance of optically flat-coated/ G 90 (06.01)
non-coated specimens, test, F 768 (06.01) pipeline coatings-penetration resistance, by blunt rod test,
Nonconductive coatings G 17 (06.02)
nonconductive coatings-dry film thickness, nondestructive Non-Newtonian coatings
measurement, test, D 1400 (06.01) laboratory preparation of gelled vehicles, using microwave oven,
Nonconductive linings practice, D 5166 (06.03)
continuity verification of liquid/sheet linings applied to concrete laboratory preparation of gelled vehicles, using resin kettle,
substrates, practice, D 4787 (06.02) practice, D 5165 (06.02)
Nonconductive protective coatings rheological properties of non-Newtonian materials, by rotational
discontinuity (holiday) testing of nonconductive protective (Brookfield) viscometer, test, D 2196 (06.01)
coating on metallic substrates, practice, D 5162 (06.02) viscosity of paints/varnishes/lacquers,by Ford viscosity cup,
Nonconjugated oils-iodine value test, D 1200 (06.01)
See Iodine value viscosity of printing inks/vehicles, by falling-rod viscometer,
Noncontact thermometer test, D 4040 (06.02)
temperature of applied coatings on wood products during the Nonvolatile matter content
curing cycle, by infrared radiation thermometers, practice, printed matter-lightfastness/weatherability, by natural
D 3259 (06.02) daylight/laboratory exposures, test, D 3424 (06.02)

711
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Nonvolatile matter content
printing ink (heatset/liquid)-nonvolatile weight content, test,
D 4713 (06.02)
Nonvolatile matter content-paints/related coatings/materials
acid/amine value of fatty quaternary ammonium chlorides, test,
D 2079 (06.03)
acid/base milliequivalent content of (anodic/cathodic)
electrocoat baths/their ultrafiltrates, test, D 4370 (06.01)
coatings (solvent-/water-reducible)-volatile content by wsight
percent, test, D 2369 (06.01)
driers/drying oils/naval stores/solvents-volatile/nonvolatile
content, selecting test methods, guide, D 4140 (06.01)
latex vehicles-nonvolatile content,quality control test,
D 4758 (06.03)
nonvolatile and pigment content of electrocoat baths, using
mume furnace, test, D 5145 (06.01)
nonvolatile content in silanes/siloxanes/silane-siloxane blends
used in masonry water-repellent treatments, test,
D 5095 (06.02)
nonvolatile content of resin solutions (in volatile organic
solvents), test, D 1259 (06.01)
paint/related coatings-volatile/nonvolatile content, selecting
test procedures, guide, D 2832 (06.01)
polymeric powders/powder coatings-nonvolatile content,
practice, D 3451 (06.02)
sampling/testing flaked aluminum powders/pastes, methods,
D 480 (06.03)
shellac varnish-sampling/testing, D 1650 (06.03)
solvent-borne paints-weight percent volatile content, in aerosol
cans, test, D 5200 (06.01)
varnishes, test, D 1644 (06.01)
volatile/nonvolatile content-cellulosics/emulsions/resin
solutions/shellac/varnishes,selecting test procedures,
practice, D 4209 (06.01)
volatile/nonvolatile content (of pigments), selecting test
procedures, guide, D 4139 (06.01)
volatile solvents (for paint/lacquer/varnish)-nonvolatile matter,
test, D 1353 (06.04)
volume nonvolatile matter in clear/pigmented coatings, test,
D 2697 (06.01)
weight percent of solids in aqueous slurries of titanium dioxide
pigments, test, D 3926 (06.01)
Normal/total/diffuse reflectance/transmittance
obtaining spectrophotometric data for object-color evaluation,
practice, E 1164 (06.01)
Notches
sag resistance-liquid coatings (aqueous/nonaqueous), using
multinotch applicator, test, D 4400 (06.02)
wet film thickness of organic coatings, by notched gages,
practice, D 4414 (06.01)
NPIRI grindometer
printing inks-fineness of grind, by NPIRI grindometer, test,
D 1316 (06.02)
Nuclear paints/related coatings
dry film thickness of protective coating systems, by destructive
means. test, D 4138 (06.02)
protective coating/lining work for power generation facilities,
terminology, D 4538 (06.02)
Nuclear reactor vessels-coatings applications
abrading concrete, practice, D 4259 (06.02)
acid etching concrete, practice, D 4260 (06.02)
capillary moisture in concrete, by plastic sheet method, test,
D 4263 (06.02)
chemically cleaned/etched concrete surfaces-pH, test,
D 4262 (06.02)
coatings for light-water cooled nuclear power plants,
D 3912 (06.02)
decontaminability of coatings used in light-water nuclear power
plants, test, D 4256 (06.02)
dry film thickness of protective coating systems, by destructive
means, test, D 4138 (06.02)
712
effects of radiation on coatings (for light-water nuclear power
plants), test, D 4082 (06.02)
establishing procedures to monitor performance of safety related
coatings in operating nuclear power plant, guide,
D 5163 (06.02)
flue gas desulfurization system components-design/fabrication
for protective lining application, spec., D 4618 (06.02)
inspection of linings in operating flue gas desulfurization
systems, practice, D 4619 (06.02)
oil/water presence in compressed air (used for coating
application/air blast cleaning/abrasive blast cleaning), test,
D 4285 (06.02)
protective coating systems-simulated design basis accident
(DBA), conditions, test, D 3911 (06.02)
quality assurance, practice, D 3843 (06.02)
sample preparation ification testing of coatings (used in
nuclear power ), spec., D 5139 (06.02)
selecting test methods, guide for, D 3842 (06.02)
specifying inspection requirements for coating/lining work on
metal substrates, guide, D 5161 (06.02)
surface cleaning concrete (for coating), practice, D 4258 (06.02)
surface cleaning concrete unit masonry (for coating), practice,
D 4261 (06.02)
use of protective coating standards in nuclear power plants,
selecting ASTM standards, guide, D 5144 (06.02)
Nuclear reactor vessels-qualifications for painters
coating contractor qualification (for nuclear-powered generation
facilities), practice, D 4286 (06.02)
establishing procedures to qualify/certify inspection personnel
for coating work in nuclear facilities, guide, D 4537 (06.02)
qualification of journeyman painters for application of coatings
ete surfaces of safety-related areas in nuclear
practice, D 4227 (06.02)
qualification of journeyman painters for application of coatings
to steel surfaces of safety-related areas in nuclear facilities,
practice, D 4228 (06.02)
Object-color specimens
computing colors of objects, by CIE system, method,
E 308 (06.01)
fluorescence in object-color specimens, by spectrophotometry
test, E 1247 (06.01)
obtaining colorimetric data from a visual display unit (for
minimizing errors), using tristimulus colorimeters, practice,
E 1455 (06.01)
obtaining spectrophotometric data for object-color evaluation,
practice, E 1164 (06.01)
Observation
retroreflective pedestrian markings-visibility enhancement,
nighttime photometric performance, spec., E 1501 (06.01)
Observation angle
understanding the properties of high visibility materials (for
individual safety), guide, F 923 (06.01)
Observers
observers-selection/evaluation/training, guide, E 1499 (06.01)
Occupational health and safety-atmospheric
water-soluble chromates-safety/health requirements relating to
occupational exposure, practice, E 848 (06.01)
Ocher
chemical analysis of yellow/orange/red/brown pigments
containing iron/maganese, test, D 50 (06.01)
ochre pigment, spec., D 85 (06.03)
n-Octane
purity of hydrocarbons from freezing points, test,
D 1016 (06.04)
Odor
field identification of coatings, test, D 5043 (06.02)
unreacted monomer content of latexes, by gas-liquid
chromatography, test, D 4747 (06.01)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
volatile solvents and diluents, test, D 1296 (06.04)
Oil absorption
calcium borosilicate, test, D 4487 (06.01)
pigments, by Gardner-Coleman method, test, D 1483 (06.01)
pigments, by spatula rub-out test, D 281 (06.01)
Oil acids
identification of oils and oil acids in solvent-reducible paints,
test, D 2245 (06.01)
Oil-base paints
See Solvent-reducible paints/coatings
Oil content
artists' paints (oil/resin-oil/alkyd), spec., D 4302 (06.02)
oil/water presence in compressed air (used for coating
application/air blast cleaning/abrasive blast cleaning), test,
D 4285 (06.02)
Oil resistance
wood furniture lacquers, test, D 2571 (06.02)
Oils
Sa Hydraulic fluids
coconut oil, spec., D 1841 (06.03)
corn oil, spec., D 1842 (06.03)
cottonseed oil, spec., D 1843 (06.03)
fish oil content (of drying oils and their fatty acids), gas-/liquid
chromatography, test, D 3725 (06.03)
identification of oils and oil acids in solvent-reducible paints,
test, D 2245 (06.01)
rosin oils, testing, D 1131 (06.03)
safflower oil, spec., D 1392 (06.03)
sunflower oil (once-refined, technical grade), spec.,
D 3169 (06.03)
water in liquid naval stores, test, D 890 (06.03)
Oils-castor
dehydrated castor oil, spec., D 961 (06.03)
hydroxyl value of fatty oils/acids, test, D 1957 (06.03)
raw castor oil, spec., D 960 (06.03)
spectrophotometric diene value of dehydrated castor
oil/derivatives, test, D 1358 (06.03)
Oils-drying
acetone tolerance of heat-bodied drying oils, test,
D 1950 (06.03)
ash content, test, D 1951 (06.03)
boiled linseed oil, spec., D 260 (06.03)
break, test, D 1952 (06.03)
color after heating, test, D 1967 (06.03)
degummed soybean oil, spec., D 124 (06.03)
dehydrated castor oil, spec., D 961 (06.03)
driers/drying oils/naval stores/solvents-volatile/nonvolatile
content, selecting test methods, guide, D 4140 (06.01)
drying oils, selecting test methods, guide, D 555 (06.03)
film formation rates in drying or curing process, at room
temperature, test, D 1640 (06.03)
fish oil content, by gas-liquid chromatography, test,
D 3725 (06.03)
foots, by gravimetric method, test, D 1966 (06.03)
foots, by volumetric method, test, D 1954 (06.03)
Gardner color scale-transparent liquids, test, D 1544 (06.01)
gel time, test, D 1955 (06.03)
iodine value, test, D 1959 (06.03)
liquid oils/fatty acids-sampling, used in paint/varnish/related
products, test, D 1466 (06.03)
loss on heating of drying oils, test, D 1960 (06.03)
methyl esters, preparation for fatty acid composition analysis by
gas-liquid chromatography, D 2800 (06.03)
oiticia oil (permanently liquid), spec., D 601 (06.03)
raw castor oil, spec., D 960 (06.03)
raw linseed oil, spec., D 234 (06.03)
raw tung oil, spec., D 12 (06.03)
refined soybean oil, spec., D 1462 (06.03)
safflower oil, spec., D 1392 (06.03)
saponification value of drying oils/fatty acids/polymerized fatty
acids, test, D 1962 (06.03)
Opacity/opaque materials
specific gravity at 25/25"C, test, D 1963 (06.03)
unsaponifiable matter in drying oils/fatty acids/polymerized
fatty acids, test, D 1965 (06.03)
Oils-fatty
clarity/cleanness of (nonpigmented) paint and ink liquids, by
visual examination, test, D 2090 (06.03)
Oils-fuel
flash point (of fuel oils/lube oils/suspension of solids/liquids), by
Pensky-Martens closed tester, test, D 93 (06.01)
Oils-linseed
white linseed oil paints-chemical analysis, selecting test
methods, practice, D 215 (06.01)
Oils-lubricating
flash point (of fuel oils/lube oils/suspension of solids/liquids), by
Pensky-Martens closed tester, test, D 93 (06.01)
Oils-mineral
mineral oil content, of rosin oil, test, D 1131 (06.03)
mineral (petroleum) spirits hydrocarbon drycleaning solvent,
spec., D 235 (06.04)
Oils-oiticica
chloroform insoluble matter in oiticica oil, test, I)1958 (06.03)
gel time, test, D 1955 (06.03)
oiticica oil (permanently liquid), spec., D 601 (06.03)
Oils-pine (natural/synthetic)
pine oils-sampling/testing, methods, D 802 (06.03)
water in liquid naval stores, test, D 890 (06.03)
Oils-soybean
degummed soybean oil, spec., D 124 (06.03)
refined soybean oil, spec., D 1462 (06.03)
Oils-tall
distilled fatty acids, spec., D 1984 (06.03)
tall oil-testing, methods, D 803 (06.03)
Oils-tall oil rosin
oleic acid content of tall oil rosin, test, D 1585 (06.03)
volatile resin acids in tall oil/gum/wood rosin, by gas
chromatography, test, D 3008 (06.03)
Oils-tung
gel time, test, D 1955 (06.03)
quality determination, test, D 1964 (06.03)
raw castor oil, spec., D 12 (06.03)
Oily matter content
sampling/testing flaked aluminum powders/pastes, methods,
D 480 (06.03)
Oleic acid content
oleic acid content of tall oil rosin, test, D 1585 (06.03)
Once-refined sunflower oil (technical-grade)
sunflower oil (once-refined, technical grade), spec.,
D 3169 (06.03)
Ooacitv
-archkectural paints-hiding power, applied by roller, test,
D 5150 (06.02)
Opacity/opaque materials
angle resolved optical scatter measurements on specular/diffuse
surfaces, test, E 1392 (06.01)
appearance (of objects/materials/light sources), terminology,
E 284 (06.01)
color/color-difference of object-color specimens, by tristimulus
(filter) colorimetry, test, E 1347 (06.01)
directional reflectance factor (45-deg 0-deg) of opaque
specimens, by broad-band filter reflectometry, test,
E 97 106.01)
fluorescence in object-color specimens, by spectrophotometry
test, E 1247 (06.01)
indexes of whiteness/yellowness of near-white opaque materials,
test, E 313 (06.01)
industrial water-reducible coatings (pigmented/clear)-selecting
test procedures, guide, D 4712 (06.02)
opaque materials-color differences, visual examination,
practice, D 1729 (06.01)

713
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Opacity/opaque materials
reflectance factor/color of object-color specimens, using
bidirectional geometry, test, E 1349 (06.01)
selection of geometric conditions for measurement of
reflection/transmission properties of materials, practice,
E 179 (06.01)
Open-cup flash point methods
See Flash point (headings)
Optically polished specimens
specular reflectance/transmittance of optically flat-coated/
non-coated specimens, test, F 768 (06.01)
Optical materials/properties/tests
Sa Clarity/cleanness//Gloss/Haze
Hiding power/Luminance/Metamerism
Reflectance and reflectivity
Refractive index/Tinting strength
angle resolved optical scatter measurements on specular/diffuse
surfaces, test, E 1392 (06.01)
description/selection of conditions (for photographing
specimens), practice, E 312 (06.01)
luminous reflectance factor of acoustical materials, by use of
integrating sphere reflectometers, test, E 1477 (06.01)
printing inks/ink films/related materials, selecting test methods,
guide, D 5010 (06.02)
Optical scatter
angle resolved optical scatter measurements on specular/diffuse
surfaces, test, E 1392 (06.01)
Optical Society of America (OSA)
specifying color of objects, using Optical Society of America
(OSA) uniform color scales system, practice,
E 1360 (06.01)
Orange pigments
chrome yellow/orange pigment, spec., D 211 (06.03)
molybdate orange pigments, spec., D 2218 (06.03)
yellow/orange/green pigments containing lead chromate/
chromium oxide green, analysis, test, D 126 (06.01)
Orange shellac
See Shellac
Organic coatings
acid value of organic coating materials, test, D 1639 (06.03)
adhesion to plastic substrates, by direct tensile testing,
D 5179 (06.01)
adhesion to smooth flat (planar) panel surfaces, by scrape
adhesion test, D 2197 (06.01)
clear/pigmented organic coatings, test, D 1308 (06.02)
coatings-water resistance, using (distilled/de-mineralized)water
immersion, practice, D 870 (06.01)
coatings-water resistance, using water fog apparatus, practice,
D 1735 (06.01)
conducting tests on paint/varnish/lacquer/relatedproducts,
using enclosed carbon-arc light/water exposure apparatus,
practice, D 5031 (06.01)
detergent resistance, practice, D 2248 (06.01)
dry-film thickness of organic coatings, using micrometers, test,
D 1005 (06.01)
dry film thickness of protective coating systems, by destructive
means, test, D 4138 (06.02)
effects of overbaking on organic coatings, practice,
D 2454 (06.01)
evaluating (interior/exterior) coatings for protecting steel
surfaces at high-temperature service, test, A D 2485 (06.01)
exposure of paints/related coatings to fluorescent UV-
condensation light-water-exposure apparatus, practice for
conducting tests, D 4587 (06.01)
filiform corrosion resistance, test, D 2803 (06.01)
film formation rates in drying or curing process, test,
D 1640 (06.03)
flexibility/adhesion of organic coatings (paints) on prepainted
deformed metallic sheets, test, D 4145 (06.02)
formability (of attached coatings), with impact-wedge bend
apparatus, test, D 3281 (06.02)
714
hardness of organic coatings, by Konig/Persoz pendulum
hardness tests, D 4366 (06.01)
mandrel bend test of attached organic coatings, test,
D 522 (06.01)
mar resistance, using balanced beam scrape adhesion and mar
test, D 5178 (06.01)
moisture vapor transmission of organic coating films, test,
D 1653 (06.01)
organic coatings-abrasion resistance, by Taber abraser, test,
D 4060 (06.01)
organic coatings-film hardness, by pencil test, D 3363 (06.01)
organic coatings-uniform free film preparation, practice,
D 4708 (06.01)
practical washability of organic coatings, test, D 4828 (06.02)
producing films of uniform thickness of paint/varnish/related
products on test panels, test, D 823 (06.01)
resistance of organic coatings to effects of rapid deformation
(impact), test, D 2794 (06.01)
resistance to pressure mottling and blocking, test,
D 3003 (06.02)
silicon content of silicone polymers and silicone-modified
alkyds, by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, test,
D 3733 (06.03)
wet film thickness of organic coatings, D 1212 (06.01)
wet film thickness of organic coatings, by notched gages,
practice, D 4414 (06.01)
Organic compounds
acrylic acid dimer in acrylic acid/unsaturated organic acids, test,
D 4415 (06.04)
alcohol-benzene soluble matter in cellulose, test, D 1794 (06.03)
amount of volatile organic compound (VOC) released from
solventborne automotive coatings and available for
removal in a VOC control device (abatement), test,
D 5087 (06.01)
sampling industrial chemicals, practice, E 300 (06.04)
trace amounts of peroxides in organic solvents (with active
oxygen in range 25-80 ppm), test, E 299 (06.04)
Organic linings
inspection of linings in operating flue gas desulfurization
systems, practice, D 4619 (06.02)
Organic liquids (volatile)
See Volatile organic compounds (VOC)
Organic matter content
volatile organic compound (VOC) content-paints/related
coatings, selecting test procedures, practice, D 3960 (06.01)
Organic powder coatings
polymeric powders/powder coatings-selecting test procedures,
practices, D 3451 (06.02)
Organic solvents
See Solvents
Organotin
organotin release rates of antifouling coating systems in sea
water, using graphite furnace atomic absorption
spectrophotometry (GF-AAS), test, D 5108 (06.02)
Orpiment content
lac resins (orange shellac and button-/garnet-/bleached-
lac)/-sampling/testing, D 29 (06.03)
Orthoxylene
See ortho-Xylene
OSA-UCS notation
specifying color of objects, using Optical Society of America
(OSA) uniform color scales system, practice,
E 1360 (06.01)
Outdoor weathering
See Weathering-outdoor
Ovens
printing ink (heatset/liquid)-nonvolatile weight content, test,
D 4713 (06.02)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Paper and paperboard
Overbaking (of paints/related coatings) organic coatings-uniform free film preparation, practice,
effects of overbaking on organic coatings, practice, D 4708 (06.01)
D 2454 (06.01) paint/vamish/lacquer/related products, terminology,
Oxidative microcoulometry D 16 (06.01)
sulfur (trace quantities) in liquid aromatic hydrocarbons, by small-scale evaluation of fire-retardant paints, by 2-foot tunnel
oxidative microcoulometry, test, D 3961 (06.04) method, test, D 3806 (06.01)
Oxirane standard environments for conditioning/testing paint/
epoxy content of epoxy resins, test, D 1652 (06.03) vamish/lacquer/related materials, spec., D 3924 (06.01)
Oxygen (active) content titanium dioxide content-paint, by x-ray fluorescence
See Active oxygen content spectroscopy, test, D 4764 (06.01)
Oxygen degradation volatile solvents/chemical intermediates-total acidity, test,
conducting tests on paint/varnish/lacquer/related products, D 1613 (06.04)
using enclosed carbon-arc light/water exposure apparatus, wet film thickness of organic coatings, D 1212 (06.01)
practice, D 5031 (06.01) Paint-industrial water-base
exposure of paints/related coatings to fluorescent UV- coatings-water resistance in 100 % relative humidity, practice,
condensation light-water-exposure apparatus, practice for D 2247 (06.01)
conducting tests, D 4587 (06.01) industrial water-reducible coatings (pigmented/clear)-selecting
test procedures, guide, D 4712 (06.02)
pigment content, by low temperature ashing, test,
P D 3723 (06.01)
Package stability water content of water-reducible paints, by direct injection into
emulsion paints (in containers)-microorganism attack gas chromatograph, test, D 3792 (06.01)
resistance, test, D 2574 (06.01) Paint-inspectors
estimating package stability of coatings for ultraviolet curing, Sa Qualifications
test, D 4144 (06.02) painting inspectors (metal substrates), guide, D 3276 (06.02)
freeze-thaw resistance of water-borne coatings, test, Paint-latex
D 2243 (06.02) See Latex paints
paint (water-;solvent-reducible)-package stability, test,
D 1849 (06.02) Paint-primer
polymeric powders/powder coatings-package stability, practice,
See Primer
D 3451 (06.02) Paint-selection/use of test procedures
sampling liquid paints/related pigmented coatings, practice, See Guides/practices for testing paints/related coatings
D 3925 (06.01) Paint-solvent-reducible
Packaging and packaging materials See Solvent-reducible paints/coatings
printed matter-abrasion resistance, by GA-CAT tester, Paint-thinners
D 5181 (06.02) ester value of solvents and thinners, test, D 1617 (06.04)
Paint-architectural evaporation rate, test, D 3539 (06.01)
See Architectural paints/coatings house paints (solvent-reducible)-solvent composition, test,
Paint-automotive D 2349 (06.01)
See Automotive coatings/paints Paint brushes
Paint-chromatic paint brushes-physical characterization, practice,
See Chromate coatings D 5301 (06.02)
Paint-curing preparation of paint brushes for evaluation, practice,
See Curing characteristics D 5068 (06.02)
Paint-general Paint roller
clear/pigmented organic coatings, test, D 1308 (06.02) roller covers (paint)-preparation for evaluation, practice,
conducting tests on paint/varnish/lacquer/related products, D 5069 (06.02)
using enclosed carbon-arc light/water exposure apparatus, Paint solids
practice, D 5031 (06.01) spray-applied coatings-transfer efficiency, under general
dichloromethane/ 1 ,1,1-trichloroethane content-paints/coatings, laboratory conditions, practice, D 5327 (06.02)
by direct injection gas chromatography, test, Paint spatter resistance
D 4457 (06.01) paint spatter resistance to roller application, test, D 4707 (06.02)
directional reflectance factor (45-deg 0-deg) of opaque Pale gold bronze
specimens, by broad-band filter reflectometry, test, See Gold bronze powder
E 97 (06.01)
dry-film thickness of organic coatings, using micrometers, test, Panel evaluation
C 1005 (06.01) mandrel bend test of attached organic coatings, test,
erosion testing of antifouling paints, using high velocity water, D 522 (06.01)
test, D 4938 (06.02) painted/coated specimens-corrosive environments, evaluation,
evaluating degree of settling (pigment suspension/ease of method, D 1654 (06.01)
remixing a shelf-aged sample) of paint, test, D 869 (06.02) Panels
evaluating (interior/exterior) coatings for protecting steel wood used as panels in weathering tests of coatings, spec.,
surfaces at high-temperature service, test, A D 2485 (06.01) D 358 (06.02)
field identification of coatings, test, D 5043 (06.02) Paper and paperboard
fire retardancy of paints, by cabinet method, test, A D 1360 directional reflectance factor (45-deg 0-deg) of opaque
(06.01) specimens, by broad-band filter reflectometry, test,
flashjfire point of liquids, by Tag open-cup apparatus, test, E 97 (06.01)
D 1310 (06.01) indexes of whiteness/yellowness of near-white opaque materials,
flash point b; Tag Llosed tester, test, D 56 (06.04) test, E 313 (06.01)
indexes of whiteness/yellowness of near-white opaque materials, printed matter-kghtfastness/weatherability, by natural
test, E 313 (06.01) daylight/laboratory exposures, test, D 3424 (06.02)

715
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Parameters
Parameters pipeline coatings-penetration resistance, by blunt rod test,
obtaining spectrophotometric data for object-color evaluation, G 17 (06.02)
practice, E 1164 (06.01) Pensky-Martens closed tester
Para (paranitraniline) red Sa Flash point (headings)
Sa Pigments (general properties) flash point (of fuel oils/lube oils/suspension of solids/liquids), by
pure para red toner pigment, spec., D 475 (06.03) Pensky-Martens closed tester, test, D 93 (06.01)
Para red pigment Pentaerythritol
para red/toluidine red pigments, testing, D 970 (06.01) glycerol/ethylene glycol/pentaerythritol in alkyd resins, test,
Paraxy lene D 1615 (06.03)
See para-Xylene pentaerythritol (for alkyd/synthetic resins), test, D 2195 (06.04)
Paris red Pentane
See Red pigments purity of hydrocarbons from freezing points, test,
D 1016 (06.04)
Paris white Pentosans content
See Calcium carbonate pentosans content of cellulose, test, D 1787 (06.03)
Paris yellow Percent dilutability
See Chrome yellow and orange resin solution dilutability, test, D 5062 (06.03)
Particle size analysis Percent epoxide
coarse particles in pigments/pastes/paints, test, D 185 (06.03) epoxy content of epoxy resins, test, D 1652 (06.03)
Particle size analysis-paints/related coatings/materials Performance
chemical analysis of calcium borosilicate, test, D 4487 (06.01) retroreflective pedestrian markings-visibility enhancement,
multicolor lacquers, test, A D 2338 (06.02) nighttime photometric performance, spec., E 1501 (06.01)
particle size distribution, by hydrometer of common white Performance-coatings
extender pigments, test, D 3360 (06.03) clear floor sealers, D 1546 (06.03)
polymeric powders/powder coatings-particle size/distribution, establishing procedures to monitor performance of safety related
practice, D 3451 (06.02) coatings in operating nuclear power plant, guide,
reporting particle size characteristics of pigments, practice, D 5163 (06.02)
D 1366 (06.03) subjecting marine antifouling coating to bifouling and fluid
Particle size (analysis/distribution) shear forces in natural seawater, test, D 4939 (06.02)
strontium chromate pigment-coarse particles, USE D 185 (v Performance-laboratory instrumentation
06.03), D 1845 (06.01) obtaining colorimetric data from a visual display unit (for
Passive contrast ratio minimizing errors), using tristimulus colorimeters, practice,
crystallographic axes/contrast ratio of a Pockels cell electro-optic E 1455 (06.01)
crystal (in longitudinal mode), test, F 741 (06.01) Performance-nuclear materials/applications
Paste establishing procedures to monitor performance of safety related
coarse particles in pigments/pastes/paints, test, D 185 (06.03) coatings in operating nuclear power plant, guide,
Pastes in oil (of pigments) D 5163 (06.02)
See Pigment dispersions (paint)-white pigment analysis Permanent white
Patches See Barium sulfate
comparative corrosion preventive characteristics of materials Permanganate time
used for joints/couplings/fittings/patchesin pipeline acetone/methanol-permanganate time, test, D 1363 (06.04)
coatings, test, G 18 (06.02) tricresyl phosphate, test, D 1721 (06.04)
Patching materials Permeability-films
evaluating pipeline coating patch materials, test, G 55 (06.02) moisture vapor transmission of organic coating films, test,
Patch test D 1653 (06.01)
patch test-coating compatibility, conducting procedure, Permeability absorption
practice, D 5064 (06.02) reporting particle size characteristics of pigments, practice,
D 1366 (06.03)
Pavement marking paint
See Traffic paint Permeance
moisture vapor transmission of organic coating films, test,
Peak to valley dry film thickness D 1653 (06.01)
coatings on wood products-dry film thickness, microscopical
measurement, test, D 5235 (06.02) Peroxides
Sa Active oxygen content
Pedestrian markings peroxides in styrene monomer, test, D 2340 (06.04)
retroreflective pedestrian markings-visibility enhancement, trace amounts of peroxides in organic solvents (with active
nighttime photometric performance, spec., E 1501 (06.01) oxygen in range 25-80 ppm), test, E 299 (06.04)
Peen plating Persian gulf oxide
See Coatings-mechanically deposited See Iron oxide red
Pencil hardness Persoz pendulum test
organic coatings-film hardness, by pencil test, D 3363 (06.01) hardness of organic coatings, by Konig/Persoz pendulum
Pendulum test hardness tests, D 4366 (06.01)
hardness of organic coatings, by Konig/Persoz pendulum Perspiration resistance
hardness tests, D 4366 (06.01) high-performance interior architectural wall coatings (HIPAC),
Penetration-paint film test, D 3730 (06.02)
porosity of paint films (to indicate coating penetration), test, Petroleum-mineral spirits
D 3258 (06.02) See Mineral spirits
Penetration-pipeline coatings Petroleum/petroleum products
pipeline coatings-impact resistance, by falling weight test, cresylic acid content (of alkaline cresylate solutions), chemical
G 14 (06.02) analysis, D 3439 (06.04)

7 16
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Petroleum/petroleum products-distillates
water in petroleum products/bituminous materials, by
distillation, test, D 95 (06.04)
Pfund hardness number (PHN)
Sa Hardness tests-organic coatings
organic coatings-indentation hardness, by Knoop and Pfund
methods, test, D 1474 (06.01)
Pfund wet film thickness gage
wet film thickness of organic coatings, D 1212 (06.01)
PH
Sa Acidity, alkalinity, pH (headings)
chemically cleaned/etched concrete surfaces-pH, test,
D 4262 (06.02)
electrocoat baths-apparent pH, test, D 4584 (06.01)
phenol-formaldehyde resins (water-insoluble)-apparent pH,
test, D 4613 (06.03)
Phenol
and cresylic acid, sampling and handling, practice,
D 3852 (06.04)
apparent free phenols, in synthetic phenolic resins/solutions
(used in paints/related coatings), test, D 1312 (06.03)
aromatic hydrocarbons/related chemicals, terminology,
D 4790 (06.04)
color of cresylic acids ("C" series standards), test,
D 3627 (06.04)
phenol-major organic impurities produced by cumene process.
using gas chromatography, test, D 4961 (06.04)
phenol content of (refined) isopropylbenzene (cumene), test,
D 3160 (06.04)
phenol content (of tar acid mixtures), by gas liquid chromatog-
raphy, test, D 3626 (06.04)
phenol/cresols/xylenols/naphthalene/pyridine/quinoline-water
content, by iodine reagent method, test, D 1631 (06.04)
refined phenol, spec., D 2439 (06.04)
Phenolic resins ,
Sa Resins (headings)
apparent free phenols, in synthetic phenolic resins/solutions
(used in paints/related coatings), test, D 1312 (06.03)
methylol group determination (qualitative) in phenolic resins,
test, D 4706 (06.03)
phenol-formaldehyde resins (water-insoluble)-apparent pH,
test, D 4613 (06.03)
stroke cure time of thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resins,
test, D 4640 (06.03)
volatile content in phenolic resins, test, D 4639 (06.03)
Phosphor copper
understanding the properties of high visibility materials (for
individual safety), guide, F 923 (06.01)
Phosphorus acid content
zinc hydroxy phosphite, test, D 4450 (06.01)
Photographic processing
description/selection of conditions (for photographing
specimens), practice, E 312 (06.01)
Photographic standards for surface preparation
standard pictorial surface preparation standards for painting
steel surfaces, A D 2200 (06.02)
Photometric characteristics
measuring photometric characteristics of retroreflectors,
practice, E 809 (06.01)
Photometry
directional reflectance factor (45-deg 0-deg) of opaque
specimens, by broad-band filter reflectometry, test,
E 97 (06.01)
gloss differences-surfaces of similar appearance, visual
evaluation, test, D 4449 (06.01)
Phthalate ester color
pentaerythritol, test, D 2195 (06.04)
Phthalic anhydride
color in molten state/after heating, by platinum cobalt scale
(includes maleic anhydride), test, D 3366 (06.04)
717
Pigment dispersion (paints/related coatings/materials)
sampling and handling naphthalene, maleic anhydride, and
phthalic anhydride, practice, D 3438 (06.04)
Phthalic anhydride-refined
refined phthalic anhydride-1 308, spec., D 2403 (06.04)
Phthalic anhydride content
alkyd resins/resin solutions in absence of dibasic acids, test,
D 563 (06.03)
alkyl resins/resin solutions containing dibasic acids, by
gravimetric test, D 1306 (06.03)
Phthalocyanine blue
chemical analysis of (iron/copper phthalocyanine/ultramarine)
blue pigments, test, D 1135 (06.01)
chemical analysis of phthalocyanine blue/green pigments, test,
D 3256 (06.01)
copper phthalocyanine blue pigment, spec., D 963 (06.03)
Phthalocyanine green
chemical analysis of phthalocyanine blue/green pigments, test,
D 3256 (06.01)
phthalocyanine green pigment, spec., D 3021 (06.03)
Physical characterization
paint brushes-physical characterization, practice,
D 5301 (06.02)
Physical constants
calculating formulation physical constants of paints/coatings,
practice, D 5201 (06.01)
Physical strength/resistance (nonchemical)
printing inks/ink films/related materials, selecting test methods,
guide, D 5010 (06.02)
Pictorial surface preparation standards
Sa Surface preparation (headings)
standard pictorial surface preparation standards for painting
steel surfaces, A D 2200 (06.02)
Pigment bleeding test
bleeding characteristics, of dry pigments, test, D 279 (06.01)
Pigment content
antimony oxide content of white pigment (separated from
solvent-type paints), test, D 2350 (06.01)
moisture content of pigments, D 1208 (06.03)
nonvolatile and pigment content of electrocoat baths, using
muffle furnace, test, D 5145 (06.01)
paint/traffic marking material, by low-temperature furnace
ashing, test, D 4451 (06.01)
pigment content of solvent-reducible paints, test, D 2371 (06.01)
solvent-reducible paints, by high-speed centrifuging, method,
D 2698 (06.01)
sulfide in white pigment separated from solvent-reducible
paints, test, D 2351 (06.01)
sulfur dioxide in white pigment separated from solvent-
reducible paints, test, D 2352 (06.01)
titanium dioxide content of pigments (recovered from whole
paint), by atomic absorption spectroscopy, test,
D 4563 (06.01)
vacuum distillation (for vehicle separation in solvent-type
paints), practice, D 3272 (06.01)
vehicle separation from solvent-reducible paints, by centrifuge,
practice, D 2372 (06.01)
water-based paints, by low temperature ashing, test,
D 3723 (06.01)
water-soluble salts in pigments, by measuring specific resistance
of pigment leachate, test, D 2448 (06.03)
Pigment dispersion (paints/related coatings/materials)
Sa Pigments (general properties)
antimony oxide content of white pigment (separated from
solvent-type paints), test, D 2350 (06.01)
coarse particles in pigments/pastes/paints, test, D 185 (06.03)
evaluating degree of settling (pigment suspension/ease of
remixing a shelf-aged sample) of paint, test, D 869 (06.02)
fineness of dispersion of pigment-vehicle systems, test,
D 1210 (06.01)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Pigment dispersion (paints/related coatings/materials)
infrared identification of vehicle solids from solvent-reducible yellow/orange/green pigments containing lead chromate/
paints, by infrared spectroscopy, test, D 2621 (06.01) chromium oxide green, analysis, test, D 126 (06.01)
particle size distribution, by hydrometer of common white Pigments-copper powder
extender pigments, test, D 3360 (06.03) chemical analysis of cuprous oxide/copper pigments, test,
printing inks-fineness of grind, by NPIRI grindometer, test, D 283 (06.01)
D 1316 (06.02) copper powder (for antifouling paints), spec., D 964 (06.03)
relative tinting strength of printing ink dispersions, test, Pigments-cuprous oxide
D 2066 (06.02) chemical analysis of cuprous oxide/copper pigments, test,
weight percent of solids in aqueous slurries of titanium dioxide D 283 (06.01)
pigments, test, D 3926 (06.01) cuprous oxide (for antifouling paints), spec., D 912 (06.03)
white linseed oil paints-chemical analysis, selecting test
Pigments-ferrous
methods, practice, D 215 (06.01)
ochre pigment, spec., D 85 (06.03)
Pigment dusts
lead/chromium content (in air particulate filter samples of lead Pigments-gold bronze powder
chromate type pigment dusts), by atomic absorption chemical analysis of cuprous oxide/copper pigments, test,
spectroscopy, test, D 4358 (06.01) D 283 (06.01)
Pigmented coatings
gold bronze powder, spec., D 267 (06.03)
clear/pigmented organic finishes-effect of household Pigments-iron blue
chemicals, test, D 1308 (06.02) chemical analysis of (iron/copper phthalocyanine/ultramarine)
volume nonvolatile matter in clear/pigmented coatings, test, blue pigments, test, D 1135 (06.01)
D 2697 (06.01) iron blue pigment, spec., D 261 (06.03)
Pigments-aluminum, powder and paste Pigments-iron oxide black (natural/synthetic)
aluminum powder/paste pigments for paints, spec., black synthetic iron oxide pigment, spec., D 769 (06.03)
D 962 (06.03) iron oxide black (natural)- chemical analysis, test,
Pigments-aluminum silicate D 3872 (06.01)
aluminum silicate (hydrous/anhydrous) pigment, analysis, test, Pigments-irbn oxide brown (natural)
D 718 (06.01) analysis, D 50 (06.01)
anhydrous, spec., D 3619 (06.03) iron oxide black (natural)- chemical analysis, test,
hydrous, spec., D 603 (06.03) D 3872 (06.01)
Pigments-barium sulfate natural red/brown iron oxide pigments, spec., D 3722 (06.03)
barium sulfate pigments, spec., D 602 (06.03) Pigments-iron oxide brown (synthetic)
solar energy transmittance test of glass-fiber-reinforced plastic analysis, D 50 (06.01)
panels, annex D 715 (06.01) synthetic brown iron oxide pigment, spec., D 3724 (06.03)
Pigments-basic carbonate white lead Pigments-iron oxide red (natural)
basic carbonate white lead pigment, spec., D 81 (06.03) analysis, D 50 (06.01)
white lead- chemical analysis, test, D 1301 (06.01) natural red/brown iron oxide pigments, spec., D 3722 (06.03)
Pigments-basic lead silicochromate Pigments-iron oxide red (synthetic)
basic lead silicochromate pigment, spec., D 1648 (06.03) analysis, D 50 (06.01)
chromium trioxide content of basic lead silico-chromate synthetic red iron oxide pigment, spec., D 3721 (06.03)
pigment, test, D 1844 (06.01) Pigments-iron oxide yellow
Pigments-basic sulfate white lead analysis, D 50 (06.01)
white lead- chemical analysis, test, D 1301 (06.01) yellow iron oxide (hydrated), spec., D 768 (06.03)
Pigments-black Pigments-lampblack
iron oxide black (natural)- chemical analysis, test, lampblack pigment, spec., D 209 (06.03)
D 3872 (06.01) solvent extractable material in black pigments, test,
solvent extractable material in black pigments, test, D 305 (06.01)
D 305 (06.01)
Pigments-lead chromate
Pigments-bone black
chemical/gravimetric analysis of white/yellow thermoplastic
bone black pigment, spec., D 210 (06.03) traffic marking material containing lead chromate and
solvent extractable material in black pigments, test, titanium dioxide, test, D 4797 (06.01)
D 305 (06.01)
Pigments-leaded zinc oxide
Pigments-calcium borosilicate
analysis, D 4487 (06.01) analysis of white zinc pigments, test, D 3280 (06.01)
calcium borosilicate pigments, spec., D 4288 (06.03) Pigments-magnesium silicate
Pigments-calcium carbonate magnesium silicate pigment, analysis, test, D 717 (06.01)
calcium carbonate pigment, spec., D 1199 (06.03) magnesium silicate pigment (talc), spec., D 605 (06.03)
Pigments-carbon black Pigments-mercuric oxide
carbon black pigment for paint, spec., D 561 (06.03) analysis, D 284 (06.01)
solvent extractable material in black pigments, test, mercuric oxide for use in antifouling paints, spec.,
D 305 (06.01) D911 (06.03)
Pigments-chrome green Pigments-mica
chrome green pigment, spec., D 212 (06.03) grit content of mica pigment, test, D 716 (06.01)
yellow/orange/green pigments containing lead chromate/ wet ground mica pigments, spec., D 607 (06.03)
chromium oxide green, analysis, test, D 126 (06.01) Pigments-molybdate orange
Pigments-chrome yellow and orange molybdate orange pigments, spec., D 2218 (06.03)
chrome yellow/orange pigment, spec., D 211 (06.03) yellow/orange/green pigments containing lead chromate/
yellow/orange/green pigments containing lead chromate/ chromium oxide green, analysis, test, D 126 (06.01)
chromium oxide green, analysis, test, D 126 (06.01) Pigments-ocher
Pigments-chromium oxide green analysis, D 50 (06.01)
chrome oxide green pigment, spec., D 263 (06.03) ochre pigment, spec., D 85 (06.03)

718
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Pigments-para red
para red/toluidine red pigments, testing, D 970 (06.01)
pure para red toner pigment, spec., D 475 (06.03)
Pigments-phthalocyanine blue
chemical analysis of (iron/copper phthalocyanine/ultramarine)
blue pigments, test, D 1135 (06.01)
copper phthalocyanine blue pigment, spec., D 963 (06.03)
Pigments-phthalocyanine green
chemical analysis of phthalocyanine blue/green pigments, test,
D 3256 (06.01)
phthalocyanine green pigment, spec., D 3021 (06.03)
Pigments-pumice
pumice pigment, spec., D 867 (06.03)
Pigments-red lead
lead peroxide/true red lead content of dry red lead pigments,
test, D 49 (06.01)
red lead pigment, spec., D 83 (06.03)
Pigments-sienna, burnt and raw
analysis, D 50 (06.01)
raw/burnt sienna pigments, spec., D 765 (06.03)
Pigments-silica
diatomaceous silica pigment, analysis, test, D 719 (06.01)
Pigments-silica, diatomaceous
diatomaceous silica pigment, spec., D 604 (06.03)
Pigments-strontium chromate
strontium chromate pigment-chemical analysis, test,
D 1845 (06.01)
strontium chromate pigment, spec., D 1649 (06.03)
Pigments-titanium dioxide
chemical/gravimetric analysis of white/yellow thermoplastic
traffic marking material containing lead chromate and
titanium dioxide, test, D 4797 (06.01)
ratio of anatase to rutile in titanium dioxide (TiO,) pigments,
by x-ray diffraction, test, D 3720 (06.01)
titanium dioxide content of pigments (recovered from whole
paint), by atomic absorption spectroscopy, test,
D 4563 (06.01)
titanium dioxide pigments, spec., D 476 (06.03)
white titanium pigments, chemical analysis, test, D 1394 (06.01)
Pigments-toluidine red
para red/toluidine red pigments, testing, D 970 (06.01)
pure toluidine red toner, spec., D 656 (06.03)
Pigments-ultramarine blue
chemical analysis of (iron/copper phthalocyanine/ultramarine)
blue pigments, test, D 1135 (06.01)
ultramarine blue pigment, spec., D 262 (06.03)
Pigments-umber, burnt and raw
analysis, D 50 (06.01)
raw/burnt umber pigments, spec., D 763 (06.03)
Pigments-venetian red
chemical analysis of yellow/orange/red/brown pigments
containing iron/maganese, test, D 50 (06.01)
Pigments-white
analysis of white zinc pigments, test, D 3280 (06.01)
antimony oxide content of white pigment (separated from
solvent-type paints), test, D 2350 (06.01)
chemical analysis of white pigments, selection of test methods,
guide, D 34 (06.01)
particle size distribution, by hydrometer of common white
extender pigments, test, D 3360 (06.03)
ratio of anatase to rutile in titanium dioxide (TiOJ pigments,
by x-ray diffraction, test, D 3720 (06.01)
relative tinting strength of white pigments, by reflectance
measurements, test, D 2745 (06.01)
relative tinting strength of white pigments, by visual
observation, test, D 332 (06.01)
sulfide in white pigment separated from solvent-reducible
paints, test, D 2351 (06.01)
sulfur dioxide in white pigment separated from solvent-
reducible paints, test, D 2352 (06.01)
719
Pinene
white lead- chemical analysis, test, D 1301 (06.01)
white linseed oil paints-chemical analysis, selecting test
methods, practice, D 215 (06.01)
white titanium pigments, chemical analysis, test, D 1394 (06.01)
zinc oxide pigments, spec., D 79 (06.03)
Pigments-zinc chromate
analysis, D 444 (06.01)
zinc yellow (zinc chromate) pigments, spec., D 478 (06.03)
Pigments-zinc dust
analysis, D 521 (06.01)
zinc dust pigment, spec., D 520 (06.03)
Pigments-zinc hydroxy phosphite
analysis, D 4450 (06.01)
zinc hydroxy phosphite pigment, spec., D 4462 (06.03)
Pigments-zinc oxide
analysis of white zinc pigments, test, D 3280 (06.01)
zinc oxide pigments, spec., D 79 (06.03)
Pigments-zinc sulfide
analysis of white zinc pigments, test, D 3280 (06.01)
Pigments (general properties)
Sa Pigment content
artists’ acrylic emulsion paints, spec., D 5098 (06.02)
artists’ paints (oil/resin-oil/alkyd), spec., D 4302 (06.02)
bleeding characteristics, of dry pigments, test, D 279 (06.01)
chemical analysis of yellow/orange/red/brown pigments
containing iron/maganese, test, D 50 (06.01)
coarse particles in pigments/pastes/paints, test, D 185 (06.03)
common properties of pigments, test, D 1208 (06.03)
dry color pigments-color/strength, by miniature sandmill, test,
A D 3022 (06.01)
evaluation of (clear/pigmented) coatings for rigid/semirigid
plastic substrates, practice, D 3002 (06.02)
field identification of coatings, test, D 5043 (06.02)
fineness of dispersion of pigment-vehicle systems, test,
D 1210 (06.01)
hygroscopic moisture (and other matter volatile under test
conditions) in pigments, test, D 280 (06.01)
lightfastness of pigments (in artists’ paints), test, D 4303 (06.02)
oil absorption, by Gardner-Coleman method, test,
D 1483 (06.01)
oil absorption, by spatula rub-out, test, D 281 (06.01)
printing inks-fineness of grind, by NPIRI grindometer, test,
D 1316 (06.02)
relative tinting strength of chromatic paints, test, D 4838 (06.02)
relative tinting strength of white pigments, by reflectance
measurements, test, D 2745 (06.01)
reporting particle size characteristics of pigments, practice,
D 1366 (06.03)
specific gravity, test, D 153 (06.03)
tinting strength/color of colored pigments, by mechanical
muller, test, D 387 (06.01)
volatile/nonvolatile content (of pigments), selecting test
procedures, guide, D 4139 (06.01)
water-soluble salts in pigments, by measuring specific resistance
of pigment leachate, test, D 2448 (06.03)
white linseed oil paints-chemical analysis, selecting test
methods, practice, D 215 (06.01)
yellow/orange/green pigments containing lead chromate/
chromium oxide green, analysis, test, D 126 (06.01)
Pigments (general properties)-dispersions
Sa Pigment dispersion (paints/related coatings/materials)
evaluating degree of settling (pigment suspension/ease of
remixing a shelf-aged sample) of paint, test, D 869 (06.02)
infrared identification of vehicle solids from solvent-reducible
paints, by infrared spectroscopy, test, D 2621 (06.01)
particle size distribution, by hydrometer of common white
extender pigments, test, D 3360 (06.03)
Pinene
turpentine-sampling/testing, methods, D 233 (06.03)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Pinene-alpha and beta
Pinene-alpha and beta
pinene composition, by gas chromatography, test,
D 3009 (06.03)
Pinene-alpha and beta (alp)
spirits of turpentine, spec., D 13 (06.03)
Pine tars/pine tar oils
naval stores (incl. tall oil/related products)-terminology,
D 804 (06.03)
pine oils-sampling/testing, methods, D 802 (06.03)
water in liquid naval stores, test, D 890 (06.03)
Pinhole test
continuity verification of liquid/sheet linings applied to concrete
substrates, practice, D 4787 (06.02)
holiday detection in pipeline coatings, test, G 62 (06.02)
reporting paint film failures characteristic of exterior latex
paints, classification, D 1848 (06.02)
Pipeline coatings
cathodic disbonding of pipeline coatings, by attached cell
method, test, G 95 (06.02)
chemical resistance of pipeline coatings, test, G 20 (06.02)
comparative corrosion preventive characteristics of materials
used for joints/couplings/fittings/patches in pipeline
coatings, test, G 18 (06.02)
disbonding (cathodic), for pipe coatings subject to elevated/
cyclic temperatures, G 42 (06.02)
disbonding characteristics of pipeline coatings, by direct soil
burial, test, G 19 (06.02)
evaluating pipeline coating patch materials, test, G 55 (06.02)
film thickness of pipeline coatings on steel, nondestructive
measurement, method, G 12 (06.02)
holiday detection in pipeline coatings, test, G 62 (06.02)
pipeline coatings-cathodic disbonding, accelerated procedures,
test, G 8 (06.02)
pipeline coatings-effect of outdoor weathering, test,
G 11 (06.02)
pipeline coatings-impact resistance, by falling weight test,
G 14 (06.02)
pipeline coatings-impact resistance, by limestone drop test,
G 13 (06.02)
pipeline coatings-penetration resistance, by blunt rod test,
G 17 (06.02)
pipeline coatings (steel)-abrasion resistance, by coarse
abrasive/water slurry, test, G 6 (06.02)
ring bendability (resistance to cracking/spalling from
deformation by diametral compression) of pipeline
coatings, squeeze test, G 70 (06.02)
specific bendability of pipeline coatings, test, G 10 (06.02)
specific cathodic disbonding of pipeline coatings, test,
G 80 (06.02)
water penetration into pipeline coatings, test, G 9 (06.02)
Plasticizer grade alcohol
C,-C, alcohol, chemical/physical analysis (selection/use of test
procedures), E 852 (06.04)
Plasticizers
plasticizer migration from vinyl fabrics to lacquers, method,
D 2199 (06.02)
Plastics (general)
algal resistance of plastic films, practice, G 29 (06.01)
atmospheric environmental exposure testing of nonmetallic
materials practice, G 7 (06.01)
conducting exposures of nonmetallic materials to daylight
filtered through glass, practice, G 24 (06.01)
directional reflectance factor (45-deg 0-deg) of opaque
specimens, by broad-band filter reflectometry, test,
E 97 (06.01)
evaluation of (clear/pigmented) coatings for rigidhemirigid
plastic substrates, practice, D 3002 (06.02)
indexes of whiteness/yellowness of near-white opaque materials,
test, E 313 (06.01)
methylol group determination (qualitative) in phenolic resins,
test, D 4706 (06.03)
720
nitrogen (total) content of nitrogen-containing plastics/
resins/resin solutions, test, D 1013 (06.03)
operating light-/waterexposure apparatus (fluorescent-UV
condensation type) for exposure of nonmetallic materials,
practice, G 53 (06.01)
resistance of plastics to bacteria, practice, G 22 (06.01)
resistance of synthetic polymeric materials to fungi, practice,
G 21 (06.01)
volatile content in phenolic resins, test, D 4639 (06.03)
Plastic sheet and film
algal resistance of plastic films, practice, G 29 (06.01)
paint spatter resistance to roller application, test, D 4707 (06.02)
visual color evaluation of transparent sheet materials, practice,
E 1478 (06.01)
Plastic sheet method
capillary moisture in concrete, by plastic sheet method, test,
D 4263 (06.02)
Plastics (thermoplastic)
evaluation of color for thermoplastic traffic marking materials,
test, D 4960 (06.02)
operating light-exposure apparatus (xenon-arc type) with/
without water for exposure of nonmetallic materials,
practice, G 26 (06.01)
thermoplastic traffic marking materials-bond strength, using
cement bricks/steel cubes, test, D 4796 (06.02)
Plastics (thermosetting)
operating light-exposure apparatus (xenon-arc type) with/
without water for exposure of nonmetallic materials,
practice, G 26 (06.01)
Plastic substrates
See Substrates
Platinum-cobalt scale
Sa Color (headings)
color of clear liquids, test, D 1209 (06.04)
color of maleic/phthalic anhydride, in the molten state and after
heating, test, D 3366 (06.04)
color of solid aromatic hydrocarbons, in the molten state, test,
D 1686 (06.04)
solution color of 4,4’-isopropylidenediphenol(dissolved in
methanol), test, D 4789 (06.04)
Pockels light modulator
crystallographic axes/contrast ratio of a Pockels cell electro-optic
crystal (in longitudinal mode), test, F 741 (06.01)
Point impact
pipeline coatings-impact resistance, by falling weight test,
G 14 (06.02)
Polarized light
contrast ratio of a pair of linear polarizers for visible radiation,
test, F 743 (06.01)
crystallographic axes/contrast ratio of a Pockels cell electro-optic
crystal (in longitudinal mode), test, F 741 (06.01)
Polarographic methods
nitrobenzene in aniline, test, D 4589 (06.04)
Polishes
amount of liquid separated as upper layer from a viscous
solution/dispersion containing dispersed solids, test,
D 4948 (06.01)
Polycyclic hydrocarbons
See Hydrocarbons (headings)
Polyester resins
carboxylic acids identification-alkyd resins, method,
D 2455 (06.03) ____
isophthalic acid content of alkyd/polyester resins, test,
D 2690 (06.03)
polyhydric alcohols identification-alkyd resins, qualitative/
quantitative analysis, test, D 2456 (06.03)
Polyhexafluoropylene (FEP) substrate
organic coatings-uniform free film preparation, practice,
D 4708 (06.01)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Primary hydroxyl content
Polyhydric alcohol Potash blue
polyhydric alcohols identification-alkyd resins, qualitative/ See Iron blue
quantitative analysis, test, D 2456 (06.03) Potassium permanganate reduction
polyhydric alcohols in alkyd resins, qualitative analysis, test, See Permanganate time
D 2998 (06.03) Potentiometric method
Polymer content maleic acid content of maleic anhydride, by potentiometric
polymer content of styrene monomer, test, D 2121 (06.04) titration, test, D 2930 (06.04)
qualitative identification of polymers in emulsion paints, by naval stores-acid number, incl. tall oil/wood and gum
infrared analysis/pyrolysis-gas liquid chromatography, rosin/related products, test, D 465 (06.03)
practice, D 3168 (06.01) saponification number of rosin, test, D 464 (06.03)
Polymeric powders/powder coatings Powdered chemicals
polymeric powders/powder coatings-selecting test procedures, directional reflectance factor (45-deg 0-deg) of opaque
practices, D 3451 (06.02) specimens, by broad-band filter reflectometry, test,
Polymerization E 97 (06.01)
cellulose nitrate, test, D 1716 (06.03) Power generating facilities
turpentine-sampling/testing, methods, D 233 (06.03) dry film thickness of protective coating systems, by destructive
unreacted monomer content of latexes, by gas-liquid means, test, D 4138 (06.02)
chromatography, test, D 4747 (06.01) flue gas desulfurization system components-design/fabrication
Polymerized fatty acids for protective lining application, spec., D 4618 (06.02)
See Fatty acids-tests inspection of linings in operating flue gas desulfurization
Polymer latexes systems, practice, D 4619 (06.02)
Sa Latex paints protective coating/lining work for power generation facilities,
filter-retained solids content of polymer latexes, test, terminology, D 4538 (06.02)
D 5097 (06.03) Power law
Polymers viscosity of ‘printing inks/vehicles, by falling-rod viscometer,
polymer content of styrene monomer, test, D 2121 (06.04) test, D 4040 (06.02)
qualitative identification of polymers in emulsion paints, by
infrared analysis/pyrolysis-gas liquid chromatography, Power spectrum
practice, D 3168 (06.01) angle resolved optical scatter measurements on specular/diffuse
silicone polymers- silicon content, by atomic absorption surfaces, test, E 1392 (06.01)
spectrophotometry, test, D 3733 (06.03) Power tool cleaning
solubility range, test, D 3132 (06.03) standard pictorial surface preparation standards for painting
Polymers-electrical insulation applications steel surfaces, A D 2200 (06.02)
polymerization time of shellac (used for electrical insulation), Precautionary labeling
test, D 411 (06.03) labeling art materials for chronic health hazards, practice,
Poly01 acetates D 4236 (06.02)
polyhydric alcohols identification-alkyd resins, qualitative/ Precision
quantitative analysis, test, D 2456 (06.03) conducting interlaboratory study to determine precision of test
Polyurethaneraw materials method, practice, E 691 (06.04)
See Urethanes-polyurethane raw materials (headings) Precision-instrumentation
Poly(viny1 acetate) coating systems directional reflectance factor (45-deg 0-deg) of opaque
poly(viny1 butyral)-poly(viny1 acetate) content, test, specimens, by broad-band filter reflectometry, test,
D 1396 (06.03) E 97 (06.01)
water content of water-reducible paints, by direct injection into Preformed tape (for traffic marking)
gas chromatograph, test, D 3792 (06.01) pigment content of paint/traEc marking material, by
Poly(viny1 alcohol) low-temperature furnace ashing, test, D 4451 (06.01)
poly(viny1 butyral)-poly(viny1 alcohol) content, test, Pregel vehicle
D 1396 (06.03) laboratory preparation of gelled vehicles, using microwave oven,
Poly(viny1 butyral) resins practice, D 5166 (06.03)
Sa Resins (headings) laboratory preparation of gelled vehicles, using resin kettle,
poly(viny1 butyral)-chemical analysis, test, D 1396 (06.03) practice, D 5165 (06.02)
Poly(viny1 chloride)(PVC) plastics-resins Preparing specimens (for testing)
poly(viny1 chloride) resins, selecting test procedures, guide, See Specimen preparation (for testing) (headings)
D 4368 (06.03)
residual vinyl chloride monomer content of poly(viny1 chloride) Prepolymers
resins/comvounds/copolymers by solution injection isocyanate group content of urethane materials/prepolymers,
technique, test, D 3680 (06.03) test, D 2572 (06.03)
Ponderosa pine Presentation angle
wood used as panels in weathering tests of coatings, spec., understanding the properties of high visibility materials (for
D 358 (06.02) individual safety), guide, F 923 (06.01)
Porcelain enamel products Pressure mottling
directional reflectance factor (45-deg 0-deg) of opaque pressure mottling/blocking resistance of organic coatings (on
specimens, by broad-band filter reflectometry, test, metal substrates), test, D 3003 (06.02)
E 97 (06.01) Primary amyl acetate
Porosity-coating See Amyl acetate
porosity of paint films (to indicate coating penetration), test, Primary hydroxyl content
D 3258 (06.02) primary hydroxyl content of cellulose acetate, test,
Portable adhesion testers D 871 (06.03)
pull-off strength of coatings, using portable adhesion testers, primary hydroxyl content of cellulose esters, test, A D 817
test, D 4541 (06.02) (06.03)

72 I
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Primer
Primer
factory-primed wood products (with representative finish
coats)-durability/compatibility, test, D 2830 (06.02)
formability/adhesion of zinc-rich primer/chromate complex
coatings (on steel), test, D 4146 (06.02)
MEK resistance of ethyl silicate (inorganic) zinc-rich primers,
by solvent rub, test, D 4752 (06.02)
testing primers/primer surfacers over preformed metal,
selection/use of procedures, practice, D 3322 (06.02)
zinc yellow (zinc chromate) pigments, spec., D 478 (06.03)
Primrose chrome/yellow
See Chrome yellow and orange
Printed matter
printed matter-abrasion resistance, by GA-CAT tester,
D 5181 (06.02)
printed matter-lightfastness/weatherability, by natural
daylight/laboratory exposures, test, D 3424 (06.02)
Printing ink resins
resin solution dilutability, test, D 5062 (06.03)
Printing inks
apparent tack of printing inks/vehicles, by inkometer, test,
D 4361 (06.02)
commercial hexanes, spec., D 1836 (06.04)
printed matter-abrasion resistance, by GA-CAT tester,
D 5181 (06.02)
printing ink dispersions-coarse particle (>45 pm) weight
concentration, by sieve retention, test, D 2067 (06.02)
printing ink (heatset/liquid)-nonvolatile weight content, test,
D 4713 (06.02)
printing inks-fineness of grind, by NPIRI grindometer, test,
D 1316 (06.02)
printing inks/ink films/related materials, selecting test methods,
guide, D 5010 (06.02)
relative tinting strength of printing ink dispersions, test,
D 2066 (06.02)
viscosity of printing inks/vehicles, by falling-rod viscometer,
test, D 4040 (06.02)
water pickup of lithographic printing inks/vehicles in a
laboratory mixer, test, D 4942 (06.02)
Printing substrates
printing inks/ink films/related materials, selecting test methods,
guide, D 5010 (06.02)
Print resistance
print resistance of architectural paints, test, D 2064 (06.02)
Print resistence of lacquers
See Lacquer
Prismatic retroreflectors
understanding the properties of high visibility materials (for
individual safety), guide, F 923 (06.01)
Procedures
establishing procedures to qualify/certify inspection personnel
for coating work in nuclear facilities, guide, D 4537 (06.02)
Production method
transfer efficiency under production conditions for spray
application of automotive paints, by weight basis, practice,
D 5066 (06.02)
Profiles
abrasive blast-cleaned steel surfaces-surface profile, field
measurement in laboratory/field/fabricating shop, test,
D 4417 (06.02) Acetone
Propionyl content
acetyl and propionyl/butyral contents of cellulose acetate
propionate/butyrate, test, A D 817 (06.03)
n-Propyl acetate
acetate esters-alcohol content/purity, by gas chromatography,
test, D 3545 (06.04)
n-propyl acetate (96 % grade), spec., D 3130 (06.04)
n-Propyl alcohol
n-propyl alcohol (1-propanol), spec., D 3622 (06.04)
722
Propylene glycol
propylene gIycol/dipropylene glycol, spec., D 5164 (06.04)
propylene glycol, spec., D 2695 (06.04)
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PMA)
propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, spec.,
D 4835 (06.04)
purity of propylene glycol monomethyl ether/dipropylene glycol
monomethyl ether/propylene glycol monomethyl ether
acetate, test, D 4773 (06.04)
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PM)
propylene glycol monomethyl ether, spec., D 4837 (06.04)
punty of propylene glycol monomethyl ether/dipropylene glycol
monomethyl ether/propylene glycol monomethyl ether
acetate, test, D 4773 (06.04)
Protection (cathodic)
cathodic disbonding of pipeline coatings, by attached cell
method, test, G 95 (06.02)
Protective coatings
hazardous constituents-protective coatings, selecting test
methods, guide, D 3630 (06.01)
protective coating/lining work for power generation facilities,
terminology, D 4538 (06.02)
pull-off strength of coatings, using portable adhesion testers,
test, D 4541 (06.02)
use of protective coating standards in nuclear power plants,
selecting ASTM standards, guide, D 5144 (06.02)
Protective equipment
handling/sampling phenol and cresylic acid, practice,
D 3852 (06.04)
sampling and handling aniline, practice, D 3436 (06.04)
Protective linings
flue gas desulfurization system components-design/fabrication
for protective lining application, spec., D 4618 (06.02)
inspection of linings in operating flue gas desulfurization
systems, practice, D 4619 (06.02)
Prussian blue
See Iron blue
Pseudoisochromatic plates
observers-selection/evaluation/training, guide, E 1499 (06.01)
Psychophysical examination
indexes of whiteness/yellowness of near-white opaque materials,
test, E 313 (06.01)
Pull testing
Sa Adhesion (headings)
organic coatings-adhesion to plastic substrates, by direct
tensile testing, D 5179 (06.01)
pull-off strength of coatings, using portable adhesion testers,
test, D 4541 (06.02)
thermoplastic trafic marking materials-bond strength, using
cement bricks/steel cubes, test, D 4796 (06.02)
Pulp
solubility in sodium hydroxide, test, D 1696 (06.03)
Pumice/pumice stone/pumacite
pumice pigment, spec., D 867 (06.03)
Purity
acetaldehyde, spec., D 4710 (06.04)
acetate esters-alcohol content/purity, by gas chromatography,
test, D 3545 (06.04)
acrylate esters, by gas chromatography, test, D 3362 (06.04)
aldehydes/ketones-purity, test, D 2192 (06.04)
chemical analysis of benzene, by gas chromatography, test,
D 4492 (06.04)
cyclohexane 995-purity/benzene content, by gas chromatog-
raphy, test, D 3054 (06.04)
ethyl methyl pentanol content/purity value of 2-ethylhexanol,
by gas chromatography, test, D 5008 (06.04)
isopropylbenzene (cumene)-purity/impurities, by gas
chromatography, test, D 3760 (06.04)
lac resins (orange shellac and button-/garnet-/bleached-
lac)/-sampling/testing, D 29 (06.03)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
methyl acrylate, spec., D 4709 (06.04)
methyl (amyl ketone/isoamyl ketone)-purity, by gas
chromatography, test, D 3893 (06.04)
methyl isobutyl ketone (M1BK)-purity, by gas chromatog-
raphy, test, D 3329 (06.04)
purity of hydrocarbons from freezing points, test,
D 1016 (06.04)
punty of methyl ethyl ketone, using gas chromatography, test,
D 2804 (06.04)
purity of propylene glycol monomethyl ether/dipropylene glycol
monomethyl ether/propylene glycol monomethyl ether
acetate, test, D 4773 (06.04)
sodium glycolate content of sodium carboxymethylcellulose,
test, D 1439 (06.03)
solidification point of 4,4’-isopropylidenediphenol(Bisphenol
A), test, D 4493 (06.04)
styrene-purity, by freezing point method, test, D 3799 (06.04)
styrene-purity/impurities, by gas chromatography, test,
D 3962 (06.04)
o-xylene-impurities, by gas chromatography, test,
D 3797 (06.04)
p-xylene-puritylimpurities, by gas chromatography, test,
D 3798 (06.04)
Pyranometer method
conducting exposures of nonmetallic materials to daylight
filtered through glass, practice, G 24 (06.01)
Pyridine
aromatic hydrocarbons/related chemicals, terminology,
D 4790 (06.04)
hydroxyl content of cellulose acetate, by spectrophotometry,
test, D 871 (06.03)
hydroxyl content of pyridine-soluble cellulose esters, by
spectrophotometry, test, A D 817 (06.03)
phenol/cresols/xyle~ols/naphthalene/pyridine/quinoline-water
content, by iodine reagent method, test, D 1631 (06.04)
pyridine base content in cresylic acid, by direct titration, test,
D 4471 (06.04)
sampling/handling liquid cyclic products (at ambient
temperature), practice, D 3437 (06.04)
water content of paints/paint materials, by Karl Fischer
method, test, D 4017 (06.01)
Pyridine-refined
reducing substances in, test, D 2031 (06.04)
refined pyridine ( 1 degree), spec., D 2323 (06.04)
water solubility, test, D 2030 (06.04)
Pyrolysis
field identification of coatings, test, D 5043 (06.02)
Pyrophyllite
See Magnesium silicate
Q non-coated specimens, test, F 768 (06.01)
Qualifications-nuclear facilities
coating contractors (for nuclear-powered generation facilities),
practice, D 4286 (06.02)
establishing procedures to qualify/certify inspection personnel
for coating work in nuclear facilities, guide, D 4537 (06.02)
journeyman painters for application of coatings to concrete
surfaces of safety-related areas in nuclear facilities, practice,
D 4227 (06.02)
journeyman painters for application of coatings to steel surfaces
of safety-related areas in nuclear facilities, practice,
D 4228 (06.02)
sample preparation for qualification testing of coatings (used in
nuclear power facilities), spec., D 5139 (06.02)
Qualification testing
use of protective coating standards in nuclear power plants,
selecting ASTM standards, guide, D 5144 (06.02)
723
Rate of evaporation
Qualitative aualysis/measurement
performing accelerated outdoor weathering of nonmetallic
materials, using concentrated natural sunlight, practice,
G 90 (06.01)
white titanium pigments, chemical analysis, test, D 1394 (06.01)
Oualitv assurance
- coaGngs for light-water cooled nuclear power plants, practice,
D 3843 (06.02)
use of protective coating standards in nuclear power plants,
selecting ASTM standards, guide, D 5144 (06.02)
Quality control
color of cresylic acids (“C” series standards), test,
D 3627 (06.04)
Quantitative analysis
white linseed oil paints-chemical analysis, selecting test
methods, practice, D 215 (06.01)
Quinoline
phenol/cresols/xylenols/naphthalene/pyridine/quinoline-water
content, by iodine reagent method, test, D 1631 (06.04)
R
Radiant energy
obtaining colorimetric data from a visual display unit (for
minimizing errors), using tristimulus colorimeters, practice,
E 1455 (06.01)
obtaining colorimetric data from video display unit, by
spectroradiometry, method, E 1336 (06.01)
obtaining spectroradiometric data from radiant sources for
colorimetry, practice, E 1341 (06.01)
Radiation exposure
accelerated outdoor exposure tests of coatings (applied to metal
substrates), practice, D 4141 (06.01)
effects of radiation on coatings (for light-water nuclear power
plants), test, D 4082 (06.02)
exposure of paints/related coatings to fluorescent UV-
condensation light-water-exposure apparatus, practice for
conducting tests, D 4587 (06.01)
operating light-exposure apparatus (xenon-arc type) with/
without water for exposure of nonmetallic materials,
practice, G 26 (06.01)
temperature of applied coatings on wood products during the
curing cycle, by infrared radiation thermometers, practice,
D 3259 (06.02)
ultraviolet-cured coatings, cure time, practice, D 3732 (06.02)
use of protective coating standards in nuclear power plants,
selecting ASTM standards, guide, D 5144 (06.02)
Radiation exposure-electronic components/devices
contrast ratio of a pair of linear polarizers for visible radiation,
test, F 743 (06.01)
optical components-effective surface roughness, by total
integrated scattering, test, F 1048 (06.01)
specular reflectance/transmittance of optically flat-coated/
Radioluminescence
understanding the properties of high visibility materials (for
individual safety), guide, F 923 (06.01)
Radiometric scale
spectroradiometric system for characterizing color/absolute
luminance of radiant source, calibration, practice,
E 1341 (06.01)
spectroradiometric system for obtaining colorimetric data from
video display unit, calibration, method, E 1336 (06.01)
Rapid deformation
See Deformation (headings)
Rare earth content
rare earth metals-paint driers, by EDTA method, test.
D 3989 (06.01)
Rate of evaporation
See Evaporation-rate/time
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Raw oils (drying oils)
Raw oils (drying oils) Reflectance and reflectivity
See Oils (headings) angle resolved optical scatter measurements on specular/diffuse
Raw sienna surfaces, test, E 1392 (06.01)
Sa Pigments (headings) appearance (of objects/materials/light sources), terminology,
chemical analysis of yellow/orange/red/brown pigments E 284 (06.01)
containing iron/maganese, test, D 50 (06.01) chalking (of white/lightly tinted exterior paint films), practice,
raw/burnt sienna pigments, spec., D 765 (06.03) A D 4214 (06.01)
Reactor vessels color/color-difference of object-color specimens, by tristimulus
See Nuclear reactor vessels (headings) (filter) colorimetry, test, E 1347 (06.01)
Reagent resistance color differences of materials (seen by reflected/transmitted
factory-applied coatings on wood products, practice, light), instrumental evaluation, practice, E 805 (06.01)
D 3023 (06.02) color measurement of fluorescent specimens, practice,
Reagents E 991 (06.01)
presence of and removing microbial (fungal/algal) growth on evaluation of visual color difference (of non-self luminous
paint/related coatings, guide, D 4610 (06.01) materials) with a gray scale, test, D 2616 (06.01)
gloss differences-surfaces of similar appearance, visual
Reagent water-microelectronic processing evaluation, test, D 4449 (06.01)
microelectronic device processing, spec., D 1193 (06.01) goniophotometry of objects/materials, practice, E 167 (06.01)
Reciprocal measurement hiding power of paints, by reflectometry, test, A D 2805 (06.01)
obtaining spectrophotometric data for object-color evaluation, high-gloss surfaces-gloss, by goniophotometry, test,
practice, E 1164 (06.01) E 430 (06.01)
Red copper oxide high-gloss surfaces-reflection haze, test, D 4039 (06.01)
See Cuprous oxide indexes of whiteness/yellowness of near-white opaque materials,
Red iron oxide (hematite) test, E 313 (06.01)
See Iron oxide red instrumental color difference, test, D 2244 (06.01)
Red oxide of mercury luminous reflectance factor of acoustical materials, by use of
See Mercuric oxide integrating sphere reflectometers, test, E 1477 (06.01)
Red pigments obtaining colorimetric data from a visual display unit (for
Sa Para (paranitraniline)red/Toluidine red/Venetian red minimizing errors), using tristimulus colorimeters, practice,
chemical analysis of yellow/orange/red/brown pigments E 1455 (06.01)
containing iron/maganese, test, D 50 (06.01) obtaining spectrophotometric data for object-color evaluation,
lead peroxide/true red lead content of dry red lead pigments, practice, E 1164 (06.01)
test, D 49 (06.01) porosity of paint films (to indicate coating penetration), test,
natural red/brown iron oxide pigments, spec., D 3722 (06.03) D 3258 (06.02)
para red/toluidine red pigments, testing, D 970 (06.01) reflectance factor/color (of object-color specimens), by
pure para red toner pigment, spec., D 475 (06.03) spectrophotometry using hemispherical optical measuring
pure toluidine red toner, spec., D 656 (06.03) system, test, E 1331 (06.01)
red lead pigment, spec., D 83 (06.03) reflectance factor/color of object-color specimens, using
synthetic red iron oxide pigment, spec., D 3721 (06.03) bidirectional geometry, test, E 1349 (06.01)
Reduction reflecting characteristics of metallic surfaces, using integrating
refined pyridine, by reducing substances, qualitative sphere instruments, test, E 429 (06.01)
determination, test, D 2031 (06.04) relative tinting strength of white pigments, by reflectance
Redwood measurements, test, D 2745 (06.01)
wood used as panels in weathering tests of coatings, spec., selection of geometric conditions for measurement of
D 358 (06.02) reflection/transmissionproperties of materials, practice,
Referee methods
E 179 (06.01)
total, primary, secondary, and tertiary amine values, of fatty specific luminance of horizontal coatings, (traffic stripe paint
amines, amidoanines, and diamines, test, D 2073 (06.03) systems/traffic tapes/traffic surface symbols), instrumental
measurement, test, D 4061 (06.01)
Reference photographs transmittance/color of object-color specimens, by spectrophoto-
chalking (of white/lightly tinted exterior paint films), practice, metry using hemispherical geometry, test, E 1348 (06.01)
AD 4214 (06.01) understanding the properties of high visibility materials (for
Refined benzene individual safety), guide, F 923 (06.01)
See Benzene (headings) Reflectance and reflectivity-copy materials
Refined bleached lac color by Munsell color ordering system, test, D 1535 (06.01)
See Bleached lac-dry directional reflectance factor (45-deg 0-deg) of opaque
Rehed cresylic acid specimens, by broad-band filter reflectometry, test,
See Cresylic acid E 97 (06.01)
Refined naphtha derivatives preparation of reference white reflectance standards, practice,
See Naphtha and naphtha derivatives E 259 (06.01)
Refined phenol Reflectance and reflectivity-electronic materials/applications
Sa Phenol optical components-effective surface roughness, by total
refined phenol, spec., D 2439 (06.04) integrated scattering, test, F 1048 (06.01)
Refined phthalic anhydride specular reflectance/transmittance of optically flat-coated/
See Phthalic anhydride non-coated specimens, test, F 768 (06.01)
Refined pyridine Reflected light
See Pyridine-refined See Light-transmission and reflection
Refined soybean oil Reflection haze
See Soybeans-oil See Haze
Refined tar acids Reflective markers in traffic paint
See Tar acids-crude and refined See Glass spheres (in traffic paint)

724
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Reflectometer
luminous reflectance factor of acoustical materials, by use of
integrating sphere reflectometers, test, E 1477 (06.01)
Refractive index
dipentene/related terpene solvents-sampling/testing, methods,
D 801 (06.03)
gloss differences-surfaces of similar appearance, visual
evaluation, test, D 4449 (06.01)
pine oils-sampling/testing, methods, D 802 (06.03)
turpentine-sampling/testing, methods, D 233 (06.03)
understanding the properties of high visibility materials (for
individual safety), guide, F 923 (06.01)
wavefront distortion, for optical elements with nominally
parallel surfaces, test, F 611 (06.01)
Regular bleached lac
See Bleached lac-dry
Relative hiding power
hiding power (relative)-paints/coatings, visual examination of
brushouts, test, D 344 (06.01)
Relative humidity
See Humidity-relative
Relative tinting strength
Sa Tinting strength
relative tinting strength of printing ink dispersions, test,
D 2066 (06.02)
Residual glycol ether
purity of propylene glycol monomethyl ether/dipropylene glycol
monomethyl ether/propylene glycol monomethyl ether
acetate, test, D 4773 (06.04)
Residual odor
See Odor
Residue
chemical/gravimetric analysis of white/yellow thermoplastic
traffic marking material containing lead chromate and
titanium dioxide, test, D 4797 (06.01)
sampling/testing flaked aluminum powders/pastes, methods,
D 480 (06.03)
Residue-evaporation
naphthalene, test, D 2232 (06.04)
turpentine-sampling/testing, methods, D 233 (06.03)
Resin kettle
laboratory preparation of gelled vehicles, using resin kettle,
practice, D 5165 (06.02)
Resins
alcohol-benzene soluble matter in cellulose, test, D 1794 (06.03)
amine resins-solvent tolerance, test, D 1198 (06.03)
amino resins, selecting test procedures, practice, D 4277 (06.03)
clarity/cleanness of (nonpigmented) paint and ink liquids, by
visual examination, test, D 2090 (06.03)
field identification of coatings, test, D 5043 (06.02)
flash/fire point of liquids, by Tag open-cup apparatus, test,
D 1310 (06.01)
free formaldehyde content of amino resins, test, D 1979 (06.03)
poly(viny1 butyral)-chemical analysis, test, D 1396 (06.03)
poly(viny1 chloride) resins. selecting test procedures. guide.
D 4368 (06.03)
residual vinyl chloride monomer content of poly(viny1 chloride)
resins/compounds/copolymers by solution injection
technique, test, D 3680 (06.03)
resin solution dilutability, test, D 5062 (06.03)
resins/rosin-softening point, by ring-and-ball apparatus, test,
E 28 (06.03)
solubility range, test, D 3132 (06.03)
volatile/nonvolatile content-cellulosics/emulsions/resin
solutions/shellac/varnishes, selecting test procedures,
practice, D 4209 (06.01)
volatile resin acids in tall oil/gum/wood rosin, by gas
chromatography, test, D 3008 (06.03)
water content of paints/paint materials, by Karl Fischer
method, test, D 4017 (06.01)
725
Resin solutions
Resins-alkyd
alkyd resins-selection of test methods, practice, D 2689 (06.03)
artists' paints (oil/resin-oil/alkyd), spec., D 4302 (06.02)
carboxylic acids identification-alkyd resins, method,
D 2455 (06.03)
fatty acids content, test, D 1398 (06.03)
glycerin (high-gravity)-sampling/testing, D 1258 (06.04)
glycerin (high-gravity), spec., D 1257 (06.04)
glycerol/ethylene glycol/pentaerythritol in alkyd resins, test,
D 1615 (06.03)
isophthalic acid content of alkyd/polyester resins, test,
D 2690 (06.03)
naval stores-unsaponifiable matter, incl. rosin/tall oil/related
products, test, D 1397 (06.03)
pentaerythritol (for alkyd/synthetic resins), test, D 2195 (06.04)
phthalic anhydride content (in absence of dibasic acids), test,
D 563 (06.03)
phthalic anhydride content (in presence of dibasic acids), by
gravimetric test, D 1306 (06.03)
polyhydric alcohols identification-alkyd resins, qualitative/
quantitative analysis, test, D 2456 (06.03)
polyhydric alcohols in alkyd resins, qualitative analysis, test,
D 2998 (06.03)
rosin acids content, test, D 1469 (06.03)
silicone-modified-silicon content, by atomic absorption
spectrophorometry, test, D 3733 (06.03)
specific gravity at 25/25"C, test, D 1963 (06.03)
Resins-epoxy
epoxy content of epoxy resins, test, D 1652 (06.03)
epoxy resins-selecting test procedures, guide, D 4142 (06.03)
liquid epoxy resins-hydrolyzable chloride content, test,
D 1726 (06.03)
nitrogen (total) content of nitrogen-containing plastics/
resins/resin solutions, test, D 1013 (06.03)
thermoplastic traffic marking materials-bond strength, using
cement bricks/steel cubes, test, D 4796 (06.02)
total chlorine content in epoxy resins/compounds, test,
D 4301 (06.03)
total chlorine content, test, D 1847 (06.03)
Resins-lac
lac resins (orange shellac and button-/garnet-/bleached-
lac)/-sampling/testing, D 29 (06.03)
orange shellac/other indian lacs for electrical insulation, spec.,
D 784 (06.03)
Resins-nitrogen
amino resins, selecting test procedures, practice, D 4277 (06.03)
nitrogen (total) content of nitrogen-containing plastics/
resins/resin solutions, test, D 1013 (06.03)
Resins-phenolic
apparent free phenols, in synthetic phenolic resins/solutions
(used in paints/related coatings), test, D 1312 (06.03)
methylol group determination (qualitative) in phenolic resins,
test, D 4706 (06.03)
phenol-formaldehyde resins (water-insoluble)-apparent pH,
test, D 4613 (06.03)
stroke cure time of thermosetting phenoi-formaldehyde resins,
test, D 4640 (06.03)
volatile content in phenolic resins, test, D 4639 (06.03)
Resin solution cloud point
resin solution dilutability, test, D 5062 (06.03)
Resin solutions
Gardner color scale-transparent liquids, test, D 1544 (06.01)
glycerol/ethylene glycol/pentaerythritol in alkyd resins, test,
D 1615 (06.03)
laboratory preparation of gelled vehicles, using microwave oven,
practice, D 5166 (06.03)
laboratory preparation of gelled vehicles, using resin kettle,
practice, D 5165 (06.02)
naval stores-unsaponifiable matter, incl. rosin/tall oil/related
products, test, D 1397 (06.03)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Resin solutions
nitrogen (total) content of nitrogen-containing plastics/
resins/resin solutions, test, D 1013 (06.03)
nonvolatile content of resin solutions (in volatile organic
solvents), test, D 1259 (06.01)
phthalic anhydride content, in absence of dibasic acids, test,
D 563 (06.03)
printing ink (heatset/liquid)-nonvolatile weight content, test,
D 4713 (06.02)
resin solution dilutability, test, D 5062 (06.03)
turbidity in clear liquids, quantitative test, D 5180 (06.03)
viscosity, test, D 1725 (06.03)
Resistance-abrasion (paints/related coatings)
interior paints-wet abrasion resistance to scrubbing, test,
D 4213 (06.02)
organic coatings-abrasion resistance, by air blast abrasive, test.
A D 658 (06.01)
organic coatings-abrasion resistance, by falling abrasive, test,
D 968 (06.01)
organic coatings-abrasion resistance, by Taber abraser, test,
D 4060 (06.01)
pipeline coatings (steel)-abrasion resistance, by coarse
abrasive/water slurry, test, G 6 (06.02)
practical washability of organic coatings, test, D 4828 (06.02)
printed matter-abrasion resistance, by GA-CAT tester,
D 5181 (06.02)
Resistance-acid
acid/mortar resistance of factory-applied clear coatings on
extruded aluminum products, test, D 3260 (06.02)
Resistance-alcohol
wood furniture lacquers, test, D 2571 (06.02)
Resistance-algae
algal resistance of plastic films, practice, G 29 (06.01)
Resistance-alkali
clear/pigmented organic coatings, test, D 1308 (06.02)
dried varnish films, test, D 1647 (06.03)
Resistance-bacteria
emulsion paints (in containers)-microorganism attack
resistance, test, D 2574 (06.01)
interior coatings-mold growth resistance, 4-week exposure in
environmental chamber, test, D 3273 (06.01)
resistance of plastics to bacteria, practice, G 22 (06.01)
Resistance-blistering
coatings-water resistance, using controlled condensation,
practice, D 4585 (06.01)
coatings-water resistance, using water fog apparatus, practice,
D 1735 (06.01)
evaluating degree of blistering, method, A D 714 (06.01)
Resistance-blocking
blocking resistance of trade sales paints, test, D 4946 (06.02)
organic coatings on wood substrates, test, D 2793 (06.02)
pressure mottling/blocking resistance of organic coatings (on
metal substrates), test, D 3003 (06.02)
Resistance-boiling water (H,O)
wood furniture lacquers, test, D 2571 (06.02)
Resistance-chemical
chemical resistance of pipeline coatings, test, G 20 (06.02)
clear/pigmented organic coatings, test, D 1308 (06.02)
coatings for light-water cooled nuclear power plants,
D 3912 (06.02)
high-performance interior architectural wall coatings (HIPAC),
test, D 3730 (06.02)
Resistance-chipping
paints and related coatings, A D 3170 (06.02)
resistance to wear of traffic paint, method, A D 913 (06.02)
Resistance-coffee stain
wood furniture lacquers, test, D 2571 (06.02)
Resistance-corrosion
See Corrosion (headings)
726
Resistance-cracking
See Cracking-coatings
Resistance-deformation
pipeline coatings-penetration resistance, by blunt rod test,
G 17 (06.02)
resistance of organic coatings to effects of rapid deformation
(impact), test, D 2794 (06.01)
ring bendability (resistance to cracking/spalling from
deformation by diametral compression) of pipeline
coatings, squeeze test, G 70 (06.02)
Resistance-detergent
organic finishes, practice, D 2248 (06.01)
Resistance-fuel
solvent/fuel resistance of traffic paint, test, D 2792 (06.02)
Resistance-fungal
resistance of synthetic polymeric materials to fungi, practice,
G 21 (06.01)
Resistance-heat
evaluating (interior/exterior) coatings for protecting steel
surfaces at high-temperature service, test, A D 2485 (06.01)
temperature-change (high-low) resistance of clear nitrocellulose
lacquer films applied to wood, test, D 1211 (06.02)
Resistance-imprinting
print residance of architectural paints, test, D 2064 (06.02)
print resistance of lacquers, test, D 2091 (06.02)
Resistance-mar
organic coatings-mar resistance, using balanced beam scrape
adhesion and mar test, D 5178 (06.01)
Resistance-mortar
acid/mortar resistance of factory-applied clear coatings on
extruded aluminum products, test, D 3260 (06.02)
Resistance-oil
wood furniture lacquers, test, D 2571 (06.02)
Resistance-paint spatter
paint spatter resistance to roller application, test, D 4707 (06.02)
Resistance-penetration
porosity of paint films (to indicate coating penetration), test,
D 3258 (06.02)
Resistance-perspiration
high-performance interior architectural wall coatings (HIPAC),
test, D 3730 (06.02)
Resistance-pipeline coatings
comparative corrosion preventive characteristics of materials
used for joints/couplings/fittings/patches in pipeline
coatings, test, G 18 (06.02)
pipeline coatings-cathodic disbonding, accelerated procedures,
test, G 8 (06.02)
pipeline coatings-effect of outdoor weathering, test,
G 11 (06.02)
pipeline coatings-impact resistance, by falling weight test,
G 14 (06.02)
pipeline coatings-impact resistance, by limestone drop test,
G 13 (06.02)
ring bendability (resistance to cracking/spalling from
deformation by diametral compression) of pipeline
coatings, squeeze test, G 70 (06.02)
specific bendability of pipeline coatings, test, G 10 (06.02)
Resistance-pressure mottling
pressure mottling/blocking resistance of organic coatings (on
metal substrates), test, D 3003 (06.02)
Resistance-reagent
factory-applied coatings on wood products, practice,
D 3023 (06.02)
Resistance-sag
sag resistance-liquid coatings (aqueous/nonaqueous), using
multinotch applicator, test, D 4400 (06.02)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Rosin acids content
Resistance-scrub sag resistance-liquid coatings (aqueous/nonaqueous), using
interior paints-wet abrasion resistance to scrubbing, test, multinotch applicator, test, D 4400 (06.02)
D 4213 (06.02) static friction of coating surfaces, test, D 4518 (06.01)
scrub-to-failure of interior latex flat wall paints, test, Rich gold bronze powder
D 2486 (06.02) See Copper powder
Resistance-slip Sa Gold bronze powder
static friction of coating surfaces, test, D 4518 (06.01)
Resistance-soil Rigid prismatic retroflectors
practical washability of organic coatings, test, D 4828 (06.02) understanding the properties of high visibility materials (for
Resistance-solar radiation individual safety), guide, F 923 (06.01)
conducting exposures of nonmetallic materials to daylight Ring-and-ball apparatus
filtered through glass, practice, G 24 (06.01) resins/rosin-softening point, by ring-and-ball apparatus, test,
Resistance-solvent E 28 (06.03)
solvent/fuel resistance of traffic paint, test, D 2792 (06.02) Rivets
Resistance-stain paint films, evaluating degree of surface disfigurement,
factory-applied coatings on wood products, practice, A D 3274 (06.01)
D 3023 (06.02) Road service testing
practical washability of organic coatings, test, D 4828 (06.02) Sa Traffic paint
Resistance-temperature conducting road service tests on fluid traffic marking materials,
temperature-change (high-low) resistance of clear nitrocellulose practice, D 713 (06.02)
lacquer films applied to wood, test, D 1211 (06.02) evaluating degree of bleeding of traffic/pavement marking paint,
Resistance-water test, A D 868 (06.02)
coatings-water resistance in 100 % relative humidity, practice, resistance to wear of traffic paint, method, A D 913 (06.02)
D 2247 (06.01)
coatings-water resistance, using controlled condensation, Rocker hardness test (Sward)
practice, D 4585 (06.01) See Hardness tests-Sward (rocker)
coatings-water resistance, using (distilled/de-mineralized)water Roller
immersion, practice, D 870 (06.01) roller covers (paint)-preparation for evaluation, practice,
coatings-water resistance, using water fog apparatus, practice, D 5069 (06.02)
D 1735 (06.01) Roller application
dried varnish films, test, D 1647 (06.03) paint spatter resistance to roller application, test, D 4707 (06.02)
Resistance-wear Roller application of paints
See Wear testing (headings) architectural paints-hiding power, applied by roller, test,
Resistance-wet abrasion D 5150 (06.02)
practical washability of organic coatings, test, D 4828 (06.02)
Roller coat
Resistance and resistivity (electrical)-semiconductors
specular reflectance/transmittanceof optically flat-coated/ industrial water-reducible coatings (pigmented/clear)-selecting
non-coated specimens, test, F 768 (06.01) test procedures, guide, D 4712 (06.02)
Retort pine tars Rosenmund-Kuhnhenn method
See Pine tars (kiln and retort) iodine value of drying oils and their derivatives, test,
Retroreflection/retroreflectors D 1541 (06.03)
coefficient of retroreflection (of sheeting), test, E 810 (06.01) Rosin
color/color-difference of object-color specimens, by tristimulus ash content, after burning and ignition, test, D 1063 (06.03)
(filter) colorimetry, test, E 1347 (06.01) iron content, test, D 1064 (06.03)
color/gloss tolerances, establishing, practice, D 3134 (06.01) naval stores-acid number, incl. tall oil/wood and gum
colorimetry of retroreflectors under nighttime conditions, rosin/related products, test, D 465 (06.03)
practice, E 811 (06.01) naval stores-unsaponifiable matter, incl. rosin/tall oil/related
measuring photometric characteristics of retroreflectors, products, test, D 1065 (06.03)
practice, E 809 (06.01) naval stores (incl. tall oil/related products)-terminology,
reflectance factor/color of object-color specimens, using D 804 (06.03)
bidirectional geometry, test, E 1349 (06.01) oleic acid content of tall oil rosin, test, D 1585 (06.03)
retroreflection-retroreflectors, terminology, practice, resins/rosin-softening point, by ring-and-ball apparatus, test,
E 808 (06.01) E 28 (06.03)
retroreflective pedestrian markings-visibility enhancement, rosin-sampling/grading, delivered in commercial bags/
nighttime photometric performance, spec., E 1501 (06.01) barrels/drums, test, D 509 (06.03)
sieve analysis of glass spheres (for retroreflective pavements rosin/rosin derivatives-toluene-insoluble solid matter, test,
markings/industrial uses), test, D 1214 (06.02)
specific luminance of horizontal coatings, (traffic stripe paint
D 269 (06.03)
systems/traffic tapes/traffic surface symbols), instrumental saponification number of rosin, test, D 464 (06.03)
measurement, test, D 4061 (06.01) volatile oil in rosin, test, D 889 (06.03)
understanding the properties of high visibility materials (for volatile resin acids in tall oil/gum/wood rosin, by gas
individual safety), guide, F 923 (06.01) chromatography, test, D 3008 (06.03)
Retroreflective return (R,) Rosin acids content
retroreflective pedestrian markings-visibility enhancement, coating vehicles (rosin esters, varnishes, and alkyd resins), test,
nighttime photometric performance, spec., E 1501 (06.01) D 1469 (06.03)
Rheology/rheological properties fatty acids, test, D 1240 (06.03)
printing inks/ink films/related materials, selecting test methods, lac resins (orange shellac and button-/garnet-/bleached-
guide, D 5010 (06.02) lac)/-sampling/testing, D 29 (06.03)
rheological properties of non-Newtonian materials, by rotational rosin oils, testing, D 1131 (06.03)
(Brookfield) viscometer, test, D 2196 (06.01) tall oil-testing, methods, D 803 (06.03)

727
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Rosin content
Rosin content
qualitative detection of rosin in varnishes, by Lieberman-
Storch/Halphen-Hicks tests, D 1542 (06.03)
Rosin derivatives
rosin/rosin derivatives-toluene-insoluble solid matter, test,
D 269 (06.03)
Rosin esters
rosin acids content, test, D 1469 (06.03)
Rotational viscometer
rheological properties of non-Newtonian materials, by rotational
(Brookfield) viscometer, test, D 2196 (06.01)
Rotation angle
understanding the properties of high visibility materials (for
individual safety), guide, F 923 (06.01)
Rouge
See Iron oxide red
Roughness
angle resolved optical scatter measurements on specular/diffuse
surfaces, test, E 1392 (06.01)
optical components-effective surface roughness, by total
integrated scattering, test, F 1048 (06.01)
Roundness of glass spheres
embedded in traffic paint, test for, D 1155 (06.02)
Rubber
atmospheric environmental exposure testing of nonmetallic
materials practice, G 7 (06.01)
Rubber-general
mandrel bend test of attached organic coatings, test,
D 522 (06.01)
Rub-out test
absorption of linseed oil in pigments, test, D 281 (06.01)
Rupture/rupture strength
pipeline coatings-impact resistance, by falling weight test,
G 14 (06.02)
pipeline coatings-impact resistance, by limestone drop test,
G 13 (06.02)
Rust
coatings-water resistance in 100 % relative humidity, practice,
D 2247 (06.01)
coatings-water resistance, using controlled condensation,
practice, D 4585 (06.01)
coatings-water resistance, using (distilled/de-mineralized)water
immersion, practice, D 870 (06.01)
coatings-water resistance, using water fog apparatus, practice,
D 1735 (06.01)
degree of rusting on painted steel surfaces, method, A D 610
(06.02)
painted/coated specimens-corrosive environments, evaluation,
method, D 1654 (06.01)
Rust breakthrough
aged coatings on steel surfaces-visual assessment, guide,
D 5065 (06.02)
Rutile
ratio of anatase to rutile in titanium dioxide (TiO,) pigments,
by x-ray diffraction, test, D 3720 (06.01)
S purity of hydrocarbons from freezing points, test,
Safety precautions
understanding the properties of high visibility materials (for
individual safety), guide, F 923 (06.01)
Safety precautions-coating applications
establishing procedures to monitor performance of safety related
coatings in operating nuclear power plant, guide,
D 5163 (06.02)
handling naphthalene, maleic/phthalic anhydride, practice,
D 3438 (06.04)
handling phenol and cresylic acid, practice, D 3852 (06.04)
polymeric powders-safety/handling precautions, practice,
D 3451 (06.02)
sampling and handling aniline, practice, D 3436 (06.04)
sampling/handling liquid cyclic products (at ambient
temperature), practice, D 3437 (06.04)
Safflower oil
samower oil, spec., D 1392 (06.03)
Sag resistance
sag resistance-liquid coatings (aqueous/nonaqueous), using
multinotch applicator, test, D 4400 (06.02)
Salt
blasting abrasives-water soluble ionic contamination, by
conductimetric analysis, test, D 4940 (06.02)
water-soluble salts in pigments, by measuring specific resistance
of pigment leachate, test, D 2448 (06.03)
Salt air
atmospheric environmental exposure testing of nonmetallic
materials practice, G 7 (06.01)
Salt spray (fog) testing
salt spray (fog) testing, method, B 117 (06.01)
Sample preparation
sample preparation for qualification testing of coatings (used in
nuclear power facilities), spec., D 5139 (06.02)
Sampling
industrial chemicals, practice, E 300 (06.04)
Sampling-aerospace fluids
lead/chromium content (in air particulate filter samples of lead
chromate type pigment dusts), by atomic absorption
spectroscopy, test, D 4358 (06.01)
Sampling-h ydrocarbons
cresylic acid and phenol, practice, D 3852 (06.04)
naphthalene, maleic anhydride, and phthalic anhydride,
practice, D 3438 (06.04)
sampling and handling aniline, practice, D 3436 (06.04)
sampling/handling 4,4’- isopropylidene diphenol (bisphenol-A),
practice, D 4297 (06.04)
sampling/handling liquid cyclic products (at ambient
temperature), practice, D 3437 (06.04)
Sampling-paints/related coatings/materials
dipentene/related terpene solvents-sampling/testing, methods,
D 801 (06.03)
glycerin (high-gravity)-sampling/testing, D 1258 (06.04)
industrial chemicals, practice, E 300 (06.04)
lac resins (orange shellac and button-/garnet-/bleached-
lac)/-sampling/testing, D 29 (06.03)
liquid oils/fatty acids-sampling, used in paint/varnish/related
products, test, D 1466 (06.03)
paints/pigmented coatings (from containers), practice,
D 3925 (06.01)
pine oils-sampling/testing, methods, D 802 (06.03)
rosin-sampling/grading, delivered in commercial bags/
barrels/drums, test, D 509 (06.03)
sample preparation for qualification testing of coatings (used in
nuclear power facilities), spec., D 5139 (06.02)
shellac varnish-sampling/testing, D 1650 (06.03)
turpentine-sampling/testing, methods, D 233 (06.03)
volatile solvents/chemical intermediates-sampling/testing,
guide, D 268 (06.04)
Sampling-petroleum products
D 1016 (06.04)
Sand
organic coatings-abrasion resistance, by falling abrasive, test,
D 968 (06.01)
rosin/rosin derivatives-toluene-insoluble solid matter, test,
D 269 (06.03)
Sandmill
dry color pigments-color/strength, by miniature sandmill, test,
A D 3022 (06.01)
Sandstone
preparatory surface cleaning of architectural sandstone, practice,
D 5107 (06.02)

728
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Shortness ratio
Saponifiable chloride Service Level I
liquid epoxy resins-hydrolyzable chloride content, test, establishing procedures to monitor performance of safety related
D 1726 (06.03) coatings in operating nuclear power plant, guide,
Saponification number/value D 5163 (06.02)
Sa Unsaponifiabk matter content Service levels I and I1
apparent acetyl content of cellulose acetate proprionatel use of protective coating standards in nuclear power plants,
butyrate, test, A D 817 (06.03) selecting ASTM standards, guide, D 5144 (06.02)
lac resins (orange shellac and button-/garnet-/bleached- Setaflash testers
lac)/-sampling/testing, D 29 (06.03) flash point of liquids, by Setaflash closed-cup apparatus, test,
saponification number of rosin, test, D 464 (06.03) D 3278 (06.01)
saponification value of drying oils/fatty acids/polymerized fatty sustained burning (of liquid mixtures), by Seta-flash tester (open
acids, test, D 1962 (06.03) cup), test, D 4206 (06.01)
shellac varnish-sampling/testing, D 1650 (06.03) Settlement
tall oil-testing, methods, D 803 (06.03) evaluating degree of settling (pigment suspension/ease of
Saybolt viscometers remixing a shelf-aged sample) of paint, test, D 869 (06.02)
See Viscometers-Saybolt traffic paint, in containers, by laboratory simulation, test,
Scale D 1309 (06.02)
description/selection of conditions (for photographing Set-to-touch-time
specimens), practice, E 312 (06.01) See Drying time
Scaling Shear testing-paints/related coatings/materials
Sa Flaking consistency of paints, using Stormer viscometer, test,
exterior paints-degree of flaking (scaling), test, A D 772 (06.01) D 562 (06.01)
observers-selection/evaluation/training, guide, E 1499 (06.01) subjecting marine antifouling coating to bifouling and fluid
Scattering coefficient shear forces in natural seawater, test, D 4939 (06.02)
hiding power of paints, by reflectometry, test, A D 2805 (06.01) viscosity of printing inks/vehicles, by falling-rod viscometer,
relative tinting strength of white pigments, by reflectance test, D 4040 (06.02)
measurements, test, D 2745 (06.01) Shear thinning
Scattering parameters rheological properties of non-Newtonian materials, by rotational
optical components-effective surface roughness, by total (Brookfield) viscometer, test, D 2196 (06.01)
integrated scattering, test, F 1048 (06.01) Sheen
sa Gloss
Scrape gloss/sheen uniformity evaluation, test, D 3928 (06.02)
organic coatings-adhesion to smooth flat (planar) panel practical washability of organic coatings, test, D 4828 (06.02)
surfaces, by scrape adhesion test, D 2197 (06.01) specular gloss of nonmetallic specimens, test, D 523 (06.01)
Scrub resistance Sheet materials (general)
interior paints-wet abrasion resistance to scrubbing, test, continuity verification of liquidlsheet linings applied to concrete
D 4213 (06.02) substrates, practice, D 4787 (06.02)
scrub-to-failure of interior latex flat wall paints, test,
D 2486 (06.02) Sheet metal
flexibility/adhesion of organic coatings (paints) on prepainted
Sealability deformed metallic sheets, test, D 4145 (06.02)
evaluating pipeline coating patch materials, test, G 55 (06.02) mandrel bend test of attached organic coatings, test,
Sealers (floor) D 522 (06.01)
See Floor paints/coatings Shellac
Seashore shellac varnish-sampling/testing, D 1650 (06.03)
atmospheric environmental exposure testing of nonmetallic shellac varnishes, spec., D 360 (06.03)
materials practice, G 7 (06.01) volatile/nonvolatile content-cellulosics/emulsions/resin
Secondary butyl acetate (85-88 % grade) solutions/shellac/varnishes, selecting test procedures,
See n-Butyl acetate (all grades) practice, D 4209 (06.01)
Secondary butyl alcohol Shellac-electrical insulating
See sec-Butyl alcohol orange shellac/other indian lacs for electrical insulation, spec.,
Sediment D 784 (06.03)
clarity/cleanness of (nonpigmented) paint and ink liquids, by shellac (dry/powdered) used for electrical insulation, selecting
visual examination, test, D 2090 (06.03) test methods, D 411 (06.03)
Sedimentation Shellac-orange
reporting particle size characteristics of pigments, practice, lac resins (orange shellac and button-/garnet-/bleached-
D 1366 (06.03) lac)/-sampling/testing, D 29 (06.03)
orange shellac and (button lac/garnet lac), spec., D 237 (06.03)
Selecting tests-paints/related coatings/materials shellac varnish-sampling/testing, D 1650 (06.03)
See Guides/ptactices for testing paints/related coatings
Shipping
Selection of observer candidates amount of liquid separated as upper layer from a viscous
observers-selection/evaluation/training, guide, E 1499 (06.01) solution/dispersion containing dispersed solids, test,
Self-aligning adhesion tester D 4948 (06.01)
pull-off strength of coatings, using portable adhesion testers, pipeline coatings-impact resistance, by falling weight test,
test, D 4541 (06.02) G 14 (06.02)
Semi-gloss paints Shortness ratio
interior latex semigloss/gloss paints, selecting test methods, laboratory preparation of gelled vehicles, using microwave oven,
guide, D 4540 (06.02) practice, D 5166 (06.03)
Sensory evaluation-odor laboratory preparation of gelled vehicles, using resin kettle,
volatile solvents and diluents, test, D 1296 (06.04) practice, D 5165 (06.02)

729
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Short-radius bends
Short-radius bends
specific bendability of pipeline coatings, test, G 10 (06.02)
SI (International System of Units)
use of international system of units (SI) (modernized metric
system), excerpts,
(Related Material-all volumes) (06.01, 06.02, 06.03, 06.04)
Sienna (burnt and raw)
chemical analysis of yellow/orange/red/brown pigments
containing iron/maganese, test, D 50 (06.01)
raw/burnt sienna pigments, spec., D 765 (06.03)
Sieve analysis
sieve analysis of glass spheres (for retroreflective pavements
markings/industrial uses), test, D 1214 (06.02)
Sieve analysis-subsieve
reporting particle size characteristics of pigments, practice,
D 1366 (06.03)
Silanes/Siloxane
nonvolatile content in silanes/siloxanes/silane-siloxaneblends
used in masonry water-repellent treatments, test,
D 5095 (06.02)
paint/related coatings-volatile/nonvolatile content, selecting
test procedures, guide, D 2832 (06.01)
Silica content
acid-soluble extenders in (iron/copper phthalocyanine/
ultramarine) blue pigments, test, D 1135 (06.01)
cellulose, test, D 2438 (06.03)
chromium trioxide content of basic lead silico-chromate
pigment, test, D 1844 (06.01)
free silica in barium sulfate pigment, test, D 715 (06.01)
white titanium pigments, chemical analysis, test, D 1394 (06.01)
Silica (diatomaceous)
diatomaceous silica pigment, spec., D 604 (06.03)
Silicon content
silicon polymers and silicon-modified alkyds, by atomic
absorption spectrophotometry test, D 3733 (06.03)
Silicon dioxide (SiO,) content
silicon dioxide in magnesium silicate pigment, test,
D 717 (06.01)
Silicone-coated paper
organic coatings-uniform free film preparation, practice,
D 4708 (06.01)
Silicone-modified alkyds
silicon content, by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, test,
D 3733 (06.03)
Silicone polymers
silicon content, by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, test,
D 3733 (06.03)
Simulated accident conditions
protective coating systems-simulated design basis accident
(DBA), conditions, test, D 3911 (06.02)
Skinning
See Stability-package
Skins content
clan?y/cleanness of (nonpigmented) pain? and ink liquids, by
visual examination, test, D 2090 (06.03)
Slag
blasting abrasives-water soluble ionic contamination, by
conductimetric analysis, test, D 4940 (06.02)
Sliding scale calibration graph
viscosity of printing inks/vehicles, by falling-rod viscometer,
test, D 4040 (06.02)
Slip resistance
static friction of coating surfaces, test, D 4518 (06.01)
Slope
laboratory preparation of gelled vehicles, using microwave oven,
practice, D 5166 (06.03)
laboratory preparation of gelled vehicles, using resin kettle,
practice, D 5165 (06.02)
730
Slope efficiency
neodymium-doped laser rods, test, F 578 (06.01)
ruby laser rods, practice, F 379 (06.01)
Slump
slump of face glazing/bedding compounds on metal sash, test,
D 2376 (06.02)
Slurries
blasting abrasives-water soluble ionic contamination, by
conductimetric analysis, test, D 4940 (06.02)
pipeline coatings (steel)-abrasion resistance, by coarse
abrasive/water slurry, test, G 6 (06.02)
weight percent of solids in aqueous slurries of titanium dioxide
pigments, test, D 3926 (06.01)
Smudging
printed matter-abrasion resistance, by GA-CAT tester,
D 5181 (06.02)
Snell’s law
understanding the properties of high visibility materials (for
individual safety), guide, F 923 (06.01)
Soapstone
See Magnesium silicate
Sodium carboxymethylcellulose
sodium glycolate content of sodium carboxymethylcellulose,
test, D 1439 (06.03)
Sodium glycolate content
sodium glycolate content of sodium carboxymethylcellulose,
test, D 1439 (06.03)
Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda)
residual p-tert-butylcatechol (TBC) in styrene monomer, by
spectrophotometry, test, D 4590 (06.04)
solubility in sodium hydroxide, test, D 1696 (06.03)
Sodium sulfite
free formaldehyde content of amino resins, test, D 1979 (06.03)
Softening point
clear/pigmented organic coatings, test, D 1308 (06.02)
resinsfrosin-softening point, by ring-and-ball apparatus, test,
E 28 (06.03)
Soil accumulation
paint films, evaluating degree of surface disfigurement,
A D 3274 (06.01)
Soil burial test
disbonding characteristics of pipeline coatings, by direct soil
burial, test, G 19 (06.02)
Soil removal properties
practical washability of organic coatings, test, D 4828 (06.02)
Solar collectors
optical components-effective surface roughness, by total
integrated scattering, test, F 1048 (06.01)
Solar spectral irradiance
color measurement of fluorescent specimens, practice,
E 991 (06.01)
conducting exposures of nonmetallic materials to daylight
filtered through glass, practice, G 24 (06.01)
operating light-exposure apparatus (xenon-arc type) with/
without water for exposure of nonmetallic materials,
practice, G 26 (06.01)
optical components-effective surface roughness, by total
integrated scattering, test, F 1048 (06.01)
Solidification point
aromatic hydrocarbons/related chemicals, terminology,
D 4790 (06.04)
benzene, test, D 852 (06.04)
4,4’-isopropylidenediphenol(Bisphenol A), test, D 4493 (06.04)
solidification point of industrial organic chemicals, test,
D 1493 (06.04)
solidification (titer) point of fatty acids, test, D 1982 (06.03)
Solid phase materials
fluorescence in object-color specimens, by spectrophotometry
test, E 1247 (06.01)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Solid phase materials-paints/related coatings/materials
amount of liquid separated as upper layer from a viscous
solution/dispersion containing dispersed solids, test,
D 4948 (06.01)
calculating formulation physical constants of paints/coatings,
practice, D 5201 (06.01)
determining liquid/solid status (of viscous materials), test,
D 4359 (06.01)
driers/drying oils/naval stores/solvents-volatile/nonvolatile
content, selecting test methods, guide, D 4140 (06.01)
filter-retained solids content of polymer latexes, test,
D 5097 (06.03)
flash point (of fuel oils/lube oils/suspension of solids/liquids), by
Pensky-Martens closed tester, test, D 93 (06.01)
infrared identification of vehicle solids from solvent-reducible
paints, by infrared spectroscopy, test, D 2621 (06.01)
rosin/rosin derivatives-toluene-insoluble solid matter, test,
D 269 (06.03)
spray-applied coatings-transfer efficiency, under general
laboratory conditions, practice, D 5327 (06.02)
volatile/nonvolatile content-cellulosics/emulsions/resin
solutions/shellac/varnishes, selecting test procedures,
practice, D 4209 (06.01)
volatile/nonvolatile content (of pigments), selecting test
procedures, guide, D 4139 (06.01)
weight percent of solids in aqueous slurries of titanium dioxide
pigments, test, D 3926 (06.01)
Solubility
refined pyridine in water, test, D 2030 (06.04)
resin solution dilutability, test, D 5062 (06.03)
solubility in sodium hydroxide, test, D 1696 (06.03)
solubility range (of resins/polymers), test, D 3132 (06.03)
soluble cellulose nitrate, testing, methods, D 301 (06.03)
Soluble cellulose nitrate nitrocellulose
soluble cellulose nitrate, testing, methods, D 301 (06.03)
Soluble sulfates content
lead peroxide/true red lead content of dry red lead pigments,
test, D 49 (06.01)
Solution injection technique
residual vinyl chloride monomer content of poly(viny1 chloride)
resins/compounds/copolymers by solution injection
technique, test, D 3680 (06.03)
Solvent analysis (of solvent-type paints)
direct injection with a gas chromatograph, practice,
D 3271 (06.01)
Solvent and fuel resistance of traffic paints
See Traffic paint
Solvent brushing and wiping
Sa Steel panels
steel panels (zinc-/zinc alloy-coated)-preparation, for testing
paint/related coatings, practice, D 2201 (06.01)
Solvent emissions
spray-applied coatings-transfer efficiency, under general
laboratory conditions, practice, D 5327 (06.02)
Solvent-extractable matter
pigment content of solvent-reducible paints, test, D 2371 (06.01
Solvent naphtha (refined)
See Naphtha and naphtha derivatives
Solvent-reducible coatings
leveling-paints (water-/solvent-reducible), by draw-down
method, test, D 4062 (06.02)
Solvent-reducible paints/coatings
antimony content (low concentrations) in solids of liquid
coatings/dried films, by atomic absorption spectroscopy,
test, D 3717 (06.01)
antimony oxide content of white pigment (separated from
solvent-type paints), test, D 2350 (06.01)
architectural coatings (solvent-borne interior/exterior), selecting
test methods, index, D 5146 (06.02)
73 1
Solvent-reducible paints/coatings
architectural coatings (solvent-/water-thinned), selecting test
methods, index, D 2833 (06.02)
architectural paints-hiding power, applied by roller, test,
D 5150 (06.02)
artists’ paints (oil/resin-oil/alkyd), spec., D 4302 (06.02)
blocking resistance of trade sales paints, test, D 4946 (06.02)
calculating formulation physical constants of paints/coatings,
practice, D 5201 (06.01)
chromium content (low concentrations) in solids of liquid
coatings/dried films, by atomic absorption spectroscopy,
test, D 3718 (06.01)
coatings-water resistance in 100 % relative humidity, practice,
D 2247 (06.01)
coatings (solvent-/water-reducible)-volatile content by weight
percent, test, D 2369 (06.01)
conducting tests on paint/varnish/lacquer/related products,
using enclosed carbon-arc light/water exposure apparatus,
practice, D 5031 (06.01)
directional reflectance factor (45-deg 0-deg) of opaque
specimens, by broad-band filter reflectometry, test,
E 97 (06.01)
erosion testing of antifouling paints, using high velocity water,
test, D 4938 (06.02)
exterior solvent-reducible house/trim coatings-selecting test
procedures, guide, D 2932 (06.02)
field identification of coatings, test, D 5043 (06.02)
hiding power of paints, by reflectometry, test, A D 2805 (06.01)
house paints (solvent-reducible)-solvent composition, test,
D 2349 (06.01)
identification of oils and oil acids in solvent-reducible paints,
test, D 2245 (06.01)
indexes of whiteness/yellowness of near-white opaque materials,
test, E 313 (06.01)
infrared identification of vehicle solids from solvent-reducible
paints, by infrared spectroscopy, test, D 2621 (06.01)
interior coatings-mold growth resistance, 4-week exposure in
environmental chamber, test, D 3273 (06.01)
lead/cadmium/cobalt content (low concentrations) in
nonvolatile portion of liquid coatings/dried films, by
atomic absorption spectroscopy, test, D 3335 (06.01)
lead content in paint, by direct aspiration atomic absorption
spectroscopy, test, D 4834 (06.01)
mandrel bend test of attached organic coatings, test,
D 522 (06.01)
mercury content (low concentrations) in liquid coatings/coatings
vehicles/dried films, by atomic absorption spectroscopy,
test, D 3624 (06.01)
paint spatter resistance to roller application, test, D 4707 (06.02)
paint (water-/solvent-reducible)-package stability, test,
D 1849 (06.02)
pigment content, high-speed centrifuging, test, D 2698 (06.01)
pigment content of solvent-reducible paints, test, D 2371 (06.01)
porosity of paint films (to indicate coating penetration), test,
D 3258 (06.02)
practical washability of organic coatings, test, D 4828 (06.02)
preparing drawdowns of artists’ paste paints, practice,
D 4941 (06.02)
relative tinting strength of chromatic paints, test, D 4838 (06.02)
solvent analysis, by gas chromatography direct injection
method, practice, D 3271 (06.01)
solvent-borne paints-weight percent volatile content, in aerosol
cans, test, D 5200 (06.01)
solvent-reducible floor paints-selecting test procedures, guide,
D 3383 (06.02)
steel panels (zinc-/zinc alloy-coated)-preparation, for testing
paint/related coatings, practice, D 2201 (06.01)
subjecting marine antifouling coating to bifouling and fluid
shear forces in natural seawater, test, D 4939 (06.02)
sulfide in white pigment separated from solvent-reducible
paints, test, D 2351 (06.01)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Solvent-reducible paints/coatings
sulfur dioxide in white pigment separated from solvent-
reducible paints, test, D 2352 (06.01)
titanium dioxide content-paint, by x-ray fluorescence
spectroscopy, test, D 4764 (06.01)
vacuum distillation (for vehicle separation in solvent-type
paints), practice, D 3272 (06.01)
vehicle separation from solvent-reducible paints, by centrifuge,
practice, D 2372 (06.01)
volatile solvents (for paint/lacquer/varnish)-nonvolatile matter,
test, D 1353 (06.04)
volume nonvolatile matter in clear/pigmented coatings, test,
D 2697 (06.01)
wall paints (interior flat solvent-reducible)-selecting test
methods, guide, D 3323 (06.02)
wall/trim enamels (interior solvent-reducible semigloss)-
selecting test methods, guide, D 3425 (06.02)
water content of paints/paint materials, by Karl Fischer
method, test, D 4017 (06.01)
wet-to-dry hiding change of architectural coatings, test,
D 5007 (06.02)
wood used as panels in weathering tests of coatings, spec.,
D 358 (06.02)
Solvent release
amount of liquid separated as upper layer from a viscous
solution/dispersion containing dispersed solids, test,
D 4948 (06.01)
amount of volatile organic compound (VOC) released from
solventborne automotive coatings and available for
removal in a VOC control device (abatement), test,
D 5087 (06.01)
Solvent rub method
MEK resistance of ethyl silicate (inorganic) zinc-rich primers,
by solvent rub, test, D 4752 (06.02)
Solvents
field identification of coatings, test, D 5043 (06.02)
hexyl acetate, spec., D 5137 (06.04)
mineral (petroleum) spirits hydrocarbon drycleaning solvent,
spec., D 235 (06.04)
trace amounts of peroxides in organic solvents (with active
oxygen in range 25-80 ppm), test, E 299 (06.04)
Solvents-hydrocarbon
aniline point/mixed aniline point of petroleum products/
hydrocarbon solvents, test, D 611 (06.04)
benzene content in hydrocarbon solvents, by gas chromatog-
raphy, test, D 4367 (06.04)
Kauri-butanol value, test, D 1133 (06.04)
Solvents-paints/related coatings/materials
acetone, spec., D 329 (06.04)
amount of volatile organic compound (VOC) released from
solventborne automotive coatings and available for
removal in a VOC control device (abatement), test,
D 5087 (06.01)
n-butyl acetate (all grades), spec., D 4615 (06.04)
calculating formulation physical constants of paints/coatings,
practice, D 5201 (06.01)
clarity/cleanness of (nonpigmented) paint and ink liquids, by
visual examination, test, D 2090 (06.03)
commercial hexanes, spec., D 1836 (06.04)
dichloromethane/l ,1,1 -trichloroethane content-paints/coatings,
by direct injection gas chromatography, test,
D 4457 (06.01)
dipentene/related terpene solvents-sampling/testing, methods,
D801 (06.03)
driers/drying oils/naval stores/solvents-volatile/nonvolatile
content, selecting test methods, guide, D 4140 (06.01)
ester value of solvents and thinners, test, D 1617 (06.04)
ethyl acetate (all grades), spec., D 4614 (06.04)
hexyl acetate, spec., D 5137 (06.04)
isobutyl acetate (95 % grade), spec., D 1718 (06.04)
lacquer solvents-heptane miscibility, test, D 1476 (06.04)
732
methyl (amyl ketone/isoamyl ketone)-purity, by gas
chromatography, test, D 3893 (06.04)
methyl isobutyl ketone, spec., D 1153 (06.04)
mineral (petroleum) spirits hydrocarbon drycleaning solvent,
spec., D 235 (06.04)
nonvolatile content of resin solutions (in volatile organic
solvents), test, D 1259 (06.01)
odor (characteristic/residual), test, D 1296 (06.04)
primary (synthetic) amyl acetate (98 % grade), spec.,
D 3540 (06.04)
printing ink (heatset/liquid)-nonvolatile weight content, test,
D 4713 (06.02)
n-propyl acetate (96 % grade), spec., D 3130 (06.04)
solvent composition analysis (in solvent-type paints), by gas
chromatography, test, D 3271 (06.01)
solvent extractable material in black pigments, test,
D 305 (06.01)
solvent/fuel resistance of traffc paint, test, D 2792 (06.02)
solvent tolerance, of amine resins, test, D 1198 (06.03)
trace amounts of peroxides in organic solvents (with active
oxygen in range 25-80 ppm), test, E 299 (06.04)
turbidity in clear liquids, quantitative test, D 5180 (06.03)
VM & P naphthas, spec., D 3735 (06.04)
volatile solvents/chemical intermediates-sampling/testing,
guide, D 268 (06.04)
volatile solvents/chemical intermediates-total acidity, test,
D 1613 (06.04)
volatile solvents (for paint/lacquer/varnish)-nonvolatile matter,
test, D 1353 (06.04)
water content of paints/paint materials, by Karl Fischer
method, test, D 4017 (06.01)
water in volatile solvents, by Fischer reagent titration method,
test, D 1364 (06.04)
water miscibility of water-soluble solvents, test, D 1722 (06.04)
Solvent tolerance
resin solution dilutability, test, D 5062 (06.03)
Southern pine
wood used as panels in weathering tests of coatings, spec.,
D 358 (06.02)
Soybeans-oil
degummed soybean oil, spec., D 124 (06.03)
refined soybean oil, spec., D 1462 (06.03)
Spark-source mass spectrometry
Sa Spectrophotometry (headings)
color of cresylic acids (“C” series standards), test,
D 3627 (06.04)
Spark testers
discontinuity (holiday) testing of nonconductive protective
coating on metallic substrates, practice, D 5162 (06.02)
Spattering
paint spatter resistance to roller application, test, D 4707 (06.02)
Spat test (for lead)
detection of lead in paint/dried paint films, test, D 3618 (06.01)
Spatula rub-out test
absorption of linseed oil in pigments, test, D 281 (06.01)
Specifications-petroleum products
commercial hexanes, spec., D 1836 (06.04)
2-methoxyethanol, spec., D 3128 (06.04)
mineral (petroleum) spirits hydrocarbon drycleaning solvent,
spec., D 235 (06.04)
Specific gravity-paints/related coatings/materials
commercial density (of pure liquid chemicals), test,
D 3505 (06.04)
dipentene/related terpene solvents-sampling/testing, methods,
D801 (06.03)
drying oils, varnishes, alkyd resins, fatty acids, and related
materials, at 25/25C, test, D 1963 (06.03)
pigments, tests, D 153 (06.03)
pine oils-sampling/testing, methods, D 802 (06.03)
turpentine-sampling/testing, methods, D 233 (06.03)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Spectrophotometry-atomic absorption (paints/related coatings)
Specific luminapce
horizontal coatings (traffic stripe paint systems/traffic
tapes/traffic surface symbols), instrumental measurement,
test, D 4061 (06.01)
Specific permeability
moisture vapor transmission of organic coating films, test,
D 1653 (06.01)
Specific resistance (resistivity)
water-soluble salts in pigments, by measuring specific resistance
of pigment leachate, test, D 2448 (06.03)
Specimen preparation (for testing)
obtaining spectrophotometric data for object-color evaluation,
practice, E 1164 (06.01)
Specimen preparation (for testing)-atmospheric analysis
conditioning of materials for tests, def. of terms, E 41 (06.01)
Specimen preparation (for testing)-paints/related coatings
abrading concrete, practice, D 4259 (06.02)
acid etching concrete, practice, D 4260 (06.02)
chemically cleaned/etched concrete surfaces-pH, test,
D 4262 (06.02)
magnesium alloys, practice, D 1732 (06.02)
making and preparing concrete/masonry panels for testing paint
finishes, method, D 1734 (06.02)
paint and related coatings exposure tests, methods for
preparation, D 609 (06.01)
preparation of aluminum/aluminum-alloy surfaces (for
painting), practice, D 1730 (06.02)
preparation of hot-dip aluminum surfaces (for painting),
practice, D 1731 (06.02)
preparation of methyl esters from fatty acids, for fatty acid
composition analysis, test, D 3457 (06.03)
preparation of paint brushes for evaluation, practice,
D 5068 (06.02)
preparing drawdowns of artists’ paste paints, practice,
D 4941 (06.02)
preparing glass panels for testing, D 3891 (06.01)
reference white reflectance standards, practice, E 259 (06.01)
roller covers (paint)-preparation for evaluation, practice,
D 5069 (06.02)
selection of coating specimens and preparation for appearance
measurement, practice, D 3964 (06.01)
standard pictorial surface preparation standards for painting
steel surfaces, A D 2200 (06.02)
steel panels (zinc-/zinc alloy-coated)-preparation, for testing
paint/related coatings, practice, D 2201 (06.01)
surface cleaning concrete (for coating), practice, D 4258 (06.02)
surface cleaning concrete unit masonry (for coating), practice,
D 4261 (06.02)
zinc-coated (galvanized) steel, practice, D 2092 (06.02)
Specimen preparation (general)-paints/related coatings
sample preparation for qualification testing of coatings (used in
nuclear power facilities), spec., D 5139 (06.02)
Spectral data
appearance (of objects/materials/light sources), terminology,
E 284 (06.01)
computing colors of objects, by CIE system. method.
E 308 (06.01)
conducting exposures of nonmetallic materials to daylight
filtered through glass, practice, G 24 (06.01)
conducting tests on paint/varnish/lacquer/relatedproducts,
using enclosed carbon-arc light/water exposure apparatus,
practice, D 5031 (06.01)
description/selection of conditions (for photographing
specimens), practice, E 312 (06.01)
directional reflectance factor (45-deg 0-deg) of opaque
specimens, by broad-band filter reflectometry, test,
E 97 (06.01)
high-gloss surfaces-gloss, by goniophotometry, test,
E 430 (06.01)
indexes of whiteness/yellowness of near-white opaque materials,
test, E 313 (06.01)
733
obtaining colorimetric data from a visual display unit (for
minimizing errors), using tristimulus colorimeters, practice,
E 1455 (06.01)
obtaining colorimetric data from video display unit, by
spectroradiometry, method, E 1336 (06.01)
obtaining spectroradiometric data from radiant sources for
colorimetry, practice, E 1341 (06.01)
opaque materials-color differences, visual examination,
practice, D 1729 (06.01)
operating light-exposure apparatus (xenon-arc type) with/
without water for exposure of nonmetallic materials,
practice, G 26 (06.01)
performing accelerated outdoor weathering of nonmetallic
materials, using concentrated natural sunlight, practice,
G 90 (06.01)
reflecting characteristics of metallic surfaces, using integrating
sphere instruments, test, E 429 (06.01)
selection of geometric conditions for measurement of
reflection/transmissionproperties of materials, practice,
E 179 (06.01)
visual characteristics of metamerism, practice, D 4086 (06.01)
Spectrocolorimeter
appearance (of objects/materials/lightsources), terminology,
E 284 (06.01)
obtaining spect:ophotometric data for object-color evaluation,
practice, E 1164 (06.01)
reflectance factor/color of object-color specimens, using
bidirectional geometry, test, E 1349 (06.01)
transmittance/color of object-color specimens, by spectrophoto-
metry using hemispherical geometry, test, E 1348 (06.01)
Spectrometry-mass
color of cresylic acids (“C” series standards), test,
D 3627 (06.04)
Spectrophotometry
appearance (of objects/materials/light sources), terminology,
E 284 (06.01)
indexes of whiteness/yellowness of near-white opaque materials,
test, E 313 (06.01)
luminous reflectance factor of acoustical materials, by use of
integrating sphere reflectometers, test, E 1477 (06.01)
obtaining spectrophotometric data for object-color evaluation,
practice, E 1164 (06.01)
reflectance factor/color (of object-color specimens), by
spectrophotometry using hemispherical optical measuring
system, test, E 1331 (06.01)
reflectance factor/color of object-color specimens, using
bidirectional geometry, test, E 1349 (06.01)
transmittance/color of object-color specimens, by spectrophoto-
metry using hemispherical geometry, test, E 1348 (06.01)
Spectrophotometry-absorption
carbon disulfide content of aromatic hydrocarbons, using
spectrophotometry, test, D 2324 (06.04)
color measurement of fluorescent specimens, practice,
E 991 (06.01)
computing colors of objects, by CIE system, method,
E 308 (06.01)
iron content (of rosin), D 1064 (06.03)
obtaining spectrophotometric data for object-color evaluation,
practice, E 1164 (06.01)
spectrophotometric diene value of dehydrated castor
oil/derivatives, test, D 1358 (06.03)
thiophene content of benzene, by spectrophotometry, test,
D 1685 (06.04)
trace amounts of peroxides in organic solvents (with active
oxygen in range 25-80 ppm), test, E 299 (06.04)
Spectrophotometry-atomic absorption (paints/related coatings)
cellulose pulp (from wood/cotton)-metals (Fe/Cu/Mn,Ca)
content, test, D 4085 (06.03)
lead content in paint, by direct aspiration atomic absorption
spectroscopy, test, D 4834 (06.01)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Spectrophotometry-atomic absorption (paints/related coatings)
organotin release rates of antifouling coating systems in sea
water, using graphite furnace atomic absorption
spectrophotometry (GF-AAS), test, D 5108 (06.02)
relative tinting strength of printing ink dispersions, test,
D 2066 (06.02)
residual p-tert-butylcatechol(TBC) in styrene monomer, by
spectrophotometry, test, D 4590 (06.04)
Spectrophotometry-fluorescence
fluorescence in object-color specimens, by spectrophotometry
test, E 1247 (06.01)
Spectrophotometry-goniophotometry
high-gloss surfaces-gloss, by goniophotometry, test,
E 430 (06.01)
measuring photometric characteristics of retroreflectors,
practice, E 809 (06.01)
objects/materials (reflecting/transmitting), practice,
E 167 (06.01)
Spectrophotometry-infrared
cellulose nitrate in alkyd lacquers, quantitative determination by
infrared spectrophotometry, test, D 3133 (06.02)
infrared identification of vehicle solids from solvent-reducible
paints, by infrared spectroscopy, test, D 2621 (06.01)
qualitative identification of polymers in emulsion paints, by
infrared analysis/pyrolysis-gas liquid chromatography,
practice, D 3168 (06.01)
traffic paint-uniformity of vehicle solids, by spectroscopy/gas
chromatography, practices, D 2743 (06.02)
Spectroradiometricsystem
obtaining colorimetric data from video display unit, by
spectroradiometry, method, E 1336 (06.01)
obtaining spectroradiometric data from radiant sources for
colorimetry, practice, E 1341 (06.01)
opaque materials-color differences, visual examination,
practice, D 1729 (06.01)
Spectroscopy-absorption (of paint)
lead/chromium content (in air particulate filter samples of lead
chromate type pigment dusts), test, D 4358 (06.01)
titanium dioxide content of pigments (recovered from whole
paint), by atomic absorption spectroscopy, test,
D 4563 (06.01)
Spectroscopy-atomic absorption
antimony content (low concentrations) in solids of liquid
coatings/dried films, by atomic absorption spectroscopy,
test, D 3717 (06.01)
chromium content (low concentrations) in solids of liquid
coatings/dried films, by atomic absorption spectroscopy,
test, D 3718 (06.01)
lead/cadmium/cobalt content (low concentrations) in
nonvolatile portion of liquid coatings/dried films, by
atomic absorption spectroscopy, test, D 3335 (06.01)
lead content in paint, by direct aspiration atomic absorption
spectroscopy, test, D 4834 (06.01)
mercury content (low concentrations) in liquid coatings/coatings
vehicles/dried films, by atomic absorption spectroscopy,
test, D 3624 (06.01)
Spectroscopy-x-ray fluorescence JXRF)
sulfur content (of cellulosic materials), test D 2929 (06.03)
titanium dioxide content-paint, by x-ray fluorescence
spectroscopy, test, D 4764 (06.01)
Spectrum
contrast ratio of a pair of linear polarizers for visible radiation,
test, F 743 (06.01)
Specular gloss
See Gloss
Specular optical properties
angle resolved optical scatter measurements on specular/diffuse
surfaces, test, E 1392 (06.01)
goniophotometry of objects/materials, practice, E 167 (06.01)
reflecting characteristics of metallic surfaces, using integrating
sphere instruments, test, E 429 (06.01)
134
selection of geometric conditions for measurement of
reflection/transmissionproperties of materials, practice,
E 179 (06.01)
Spherical optical surfaces
optical components-effective surface roughness, by total
integrated scattering, test, F 1048'(06.01)
Spirits of turpentine
See Turpentine
Spoilage
See Stability-package
Spray-applied coatings
Sa Coatings (headings)
evaluating and comparing transfer conditions-laboratory
conditions, test, D 5009 (06.02)
spray-applied coatings-transfer efficiency, under general
laboratory conditions, practice, D 5327 (06.02)
transfer efficiency-spray applied automotive paints, by weight
basis under production conditions, practice, D 5066 (06.02)
Spray method
industrial water-reducible coatings (pigmented/clear)-selecting
test procedures, guide, D 4712 (06.02)
Spreading rate
hiding power of paints, by reflectometry, test, A D 2805 (06.01)
Squeeze test
ring bendability (resistance to cracking/spalling from
deformation by diametral compression) of pipeline
coatings, squeeze test, G 70 (06.02)
Stability-paints/related coatings/materials
conducting tests on paint/varnish/lacquer/related products,
using enclosed carbon-arc light/water exposure apparatus,
practice, D 5031 (06.01)
copper phthalocyanine blue pigment, spec., D 963 (06.03)
estimating package stability of coatings for ultraviolet curing,
test, D 4144 (06.02)
filtered open flame carbon-arc light/water exposure apparatus-
paints and related coatings/materials, conducting
accelerated tests (using G 23), practice, D 822 (06.01)
freeze-thaw resistance of water-borne coatings, test,
D 2243 (06.02)
heat stability of cellulose acetate, test, D 871 (06.03)
heat stability of cellulose ester, test, A D 817 (06.03)
light stability of clear coatings, by sunlight-through-glass
method, test, D 2620 (06.02)
paint (water-/solvent-reducible)-package stability, test,
D 1849 (06.02)
polymeric powders/powder coatings-package stability, practice,
D 3451 (06.02)
Stability-temperature
evaluating interferometers (for uniformity of illumination,
focus, vibration, temperature stability, turbulence,
cleanliness, component defects), practice, F 742 (06.01)
Staining
practical washability of organic coatings, test, D 4828 (06.02)
stain removal (from multicolor lacquers on primed steel panels),
test, D 2198 (06.02)
stain resistance of factory-applied coatings on wood products,
practice, D 3023 (06.02)
Standard color solutions
See Color (headings)
Static coefficient of friction _ _
See Coefficient of friction
Statistical methods
conducting interlaboratory study to determine precision of test
method, practice, E 691 (06.04)
least squares of manual analysis of interferograms, by least
squares (fitting to a plane reference surface), practice,
F 663 (06.01)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
least squares of manual/computer-aided analysis of interfero-
grams, by least squares fitting to a plane/spherical reference
surface, practice, F 664 (06.01)
reducing the variability of color measurement, by use of
multiple measurements, practice, E 1345 (06.01)
Steam-distilled wood turpentine
Sa Turpentine
spirits of turpentine, spec., D 13 (06.03)
Steel
thermoplastic traffic marking materials-bond strength, using
cement bricks/steel cubes, test, D 4796 (06.02)
Steel-surfaces
abrasive blast-cleaned steel surfaces-surface profile, field
measurement in laboratory/field/fabricating shop, test,
D 4417 (06.02)
aged coatings on steel surfaces-visual assessment, guide,
D 5065 (06.02)
blasting abrasives-water soluble ionic contamination, by
conductimetric analysis, test, D 4940 (06.02)
coating contractor qualification (for nuclear-powered generation
facilities), practice, D 4286 (06.02)
degree of rusting on painted steel surfaces, method, A D 610
(06.02)
evaluating (interior/exterior) coatings for protecting steel
surfaces at high-temperature service, test, A D 2485 (06.01)
qualification of journeyman painters for application of coatings
to steel surfaces of safety-related areas in nuclear facilities,
practice, D 4228 (06.02)
Steel blue pigment
See Iron blue
Steel cubes
thermoplastic traffic marking materials-bond strength, using
cement bricks/steel cubes, test, D 4796 (06.02)
Steel panels
atmospheric environmental exposure testing of nonmetallic
materials practice, G 7 (06.01)
paint and related coatings exposure tests, methods for
preparation, D 609 (06.01)
spray-applied coatings-transfer efficiency, under general
laboratory conditions, practice, D 5327 (06.02)
steel panels (zinc-/zinc alloy-coated)-preparation, for testing
paint/related coatings, practice, D 2201 (06.01)
Steel pipe
holiday detection in pipeline coatings, test, G 62 (06.02)
Steel samples
sample preparation for qualification testing of coatings (used in
nuclear power facilities), spec., D 5139 (06.02)
Step gages
wet film thickness of organic coatings, by notched gages,
practice, D 4414 (06.01)
Sticking
blocking resistance of trade sales paints, test, D 4946 (06.02)
Stiffness
free films of paints and related coatings, test, D 2370 (06.01)
Stoddard solvent
mineral (petroleum) spirits hydrocarbon drycleaning solvent,
spec., D 235 (06.04)
Stone-marble/limestone/sandstone/granite
preparatory surface cleaning of architectural sandstone, practice,
D 5107 (06.02)
Stormer method
consistency of paints, using Stormer viscometer, test,
D 562 (06.01)
735
Styrene-butadiene coatings systems
Strength-general
dry color pigments-color/strength, by miniature sandmill, test,
A D 3022 (06.01)
Strength-tinting
colored pigments (dry/pastes in oil), using a mechanical muller,
test, D 387 (06.01)
relative tinting strength of white pigments, by reflectance
measurements, test, D 2745 (06.01)
relative tinting strength of white pigments, by visual
observation, test, D 332 (06.01)
Stress
cathodic disbonding of pipeline coatings, by attached cell
method, test, G 95 (06.02)
pull-off strength of coatings, using portable adhesion testers,
test, D 4541 (06.02)
subjecting marine antifouling coating to bifouling and fluid
shear forces in natural seawater, test, D 4939 (06.02)
Strip test
detection of copper corrosion from petroleum products, by
copper strip tarnish test, A D 130 (06.04)
Stroke cure time
stroke cure time of thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resins,
test, D 4640 (06.03)
Stroke curve
polymeric (thermosetting) powders-gel time/stroke curve,
practice, D 3451 (06.02)
Strontium chromate pigment
Sa Pigments (general properties)
strontium chromate pigment, spec., D 1649 (06.03)
strontium content, by strontium sulfate method, test,
D 1845 (06.01)
Strontium content
strontium chromate pigment-chemical analysis, test,
D 1845<06.01)
Structural applications-paint
field identification of coatings, test, D 5043 (06.02)
Styrene
aldehydes in styrene monomer, test, D 2119 (06.04)
analysis of styrene by capillary gas chromatography, test,
D 5135 (06.04)
apparent density o i industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, test,
D 2935 (06.04)
benzene contknt of cyclic hydrocarbon products, by gas
chromatography, test, D 4534 (06.04)
commercial density (of pure liquid chemicals), test,
D 3505 (06.04)
peroxides in styrene monomer, test, D 2340 (06.04)
polymer content of styrene monomer, test, D 2121 (06.04)
purity of hydrocarbons from freezing points, test,
D 1016 (06.04)
residual p-tert-butylcatechol (TBC) in styrene monomer, by
spectrophotometry, test, D 4590 (06.04)
sampling/handling liquid cyclic products (at ambient
temperature), practice, D 3437 (06.04)
styrene-purity, by freezing point method, test, D 3799 (06.04)
styrene-purity/impurities, by gas chromatography, test.
D 3962 (06.04)
styrene monomer 996, spec., D 2827 (06.04)
unreacted monomer content of latexes, by gas-liquid
chromatography, test, D 4747 (06.01)
unreacted monomer content of latexes using capillary column
gas chromatography, test, D 4827 (06.01)
volume/weight of industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, method,
D 1555 (06.04)
Styrene-butadienecoatings systems
dichloromethane/ 1,1,1-trichloroethane content-paints/coatings,
by direct injection gas chromatography, test,
D 4457 (06.01)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Styrene-butadiene coatings systems
water content of water-reducible paints, by direct injection into
gas chromatograph, test, D 3792 (06.01)
Subsieve analysis
See Sieve analysis-subsieve (headings)
Substrates-coating applications
accelerated outdoor exposure tests of coatings (applied to metal
substrates), practice, D 4141 (06.01)
architectural coatings (solvent-borne interior/exterior), selecting
test methods, index, D 5146 (06.02)
discontinuity (holiday) testing of nonconductive protective
coating on metallic substrates, practice, D 5162 (06.02)
film thickness of pipeline coatings on steel, nondestructive
measurement, method, G 12 (06.02)
mandrel bend test of attached organic coatings, test,
D 522 (06.01)
organic coatings-adhesion to plastic substrates, by direct
tensile testing, D 5179 (06.01)
organic coatings-uniform free film preparation, practice,
D 4708 (06.01)
painting inspectors (metal substrates), guide, D 3276 (06.02)
paint spatter resistance to roller application, test, D 4707 (06.02)
specifying inspection requirements for coating/lining work on
metal substrates, guide, D 5161 (06.02)
Sulfate ash content
pentaerythritol, test, D 2195 (06.04)
Sulfate content-paints/related coating/materials
strontium chromate pigment-sulfate content, USE D 444 (v
06.01), D 1845 (06.01)
Sulfate content-paints/related coatings
acid-insoluble extenders in (iron/copper phthalocyanine/
ultramarine) blue pigments, test, D 1135 (06.01)
cellulose acetate propionates/butyrate, test, A D 817 (06.03)
cellulose acetate, test, D 871 (06.03)
lead peroxide/true red lead content of dry red lead pigments,
test, D 49 (06.01)
yellow/orange/green pigments containing lead chromate/
chromium oxide green, test, D 126 (06.01)
Sulfated ash content
ashing cellulose, test, D 3516 (06.03)
ethylcellulose, test, D 914 (06.03)
Sulfate turpentine
Sa Turpentine
pinene composition, by gas chromatography, test,
D 3009 (06.03)
spirits of turpentine, spec., D 13 (06.03)
Sulfate white lead pigments
See Basic sulfate white lead
Sulfide content
sulfide in white pigment separated from solvent-reducible
paints, test, D 2351 (06.01)
Sulfur content
cellulose acetate propionates/butyrate, test, A D 817 (06.03)
cellulose acetate, test, D 871 (06.03)
ce!lu!osic materials, by X-ray fluorescence, test, D 2929 (06.03)
sulfur (trace quantities) in liquid aromatic hydrocarbons, by
oxidative microcoulometry, test, D 3961 (06.04)
Sulfur content-miscellaneous metals/alloys
zinc dust (metallic zinc powder), test, D 521 (06.01)
Sulfur content-petroleum products
mineral (petroleum) spirits hydrocarbon drycleaning solvent,
spec., D 235 (06.04)
sampling/handling 4,4- isopropylidene diphenol (bisphenol-A),
practice, D 4297 (06.04)
Sulfur dioxide (SO,) content
hydrogen sulfide/sulfur dioxide content (qualitative) of
industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, test, D 853 (06.04)
sulfur dioxide in white pigment separated from solvent-
reducible paints, test, D 2352 (06.01)
736
Sunflower oil
sunflower oil (once-refined, technical grade), spec.,
D 3169 (06.03)
Sunlight/monochromatic light exposure
atmospheric environmental exposure testing of nonmetallic
materials practice, G 7 (06.01)
clear coatings-light stability, by sunlight through glass, test,
D 2620 (06.02)
conducting exposures of nonmetallic materials to daylight
filtered through glass, practice, G 24 (06.01)
lightfastness of pigments (in artists’ paints), test, D 4303 (06.02)
performing accelerated outdoor weathering of nonmetallic
materials, using concentrated natural sunlight, practice,
G 90 (06.01)
Surface analysis
goniophotometry of objects/materials, practice, E 167 (06.01)
Surface analysis-electronic components/devices
optical components-effective surface roughness, by total
integrated scattering, test, F 1048 (06.01)
Surface analysis-metals/alloys
reflecting characteristics of metallic surfaces, using integrating
sphere instruments, test, E 429 (06.01)
Surface analysis-paints/related coatings/materials
abrasive blast-cleaned steel surfaces-surface profile, field
measurement in laboratory/field/fabricating shop, test,
D 4417 (06.02)
evaluation of visual color difference (of non-self luminous
materials) with a gray scale, test, D 2616 (06.01)
gloss differences-surfaces of similar appearance, visual
evaluation, test, D 4449 (06.01)
high-gloss surfaces-gloss, by goniophotometry, test,
E 430 (06.01)
printing inks/ink films/related materials, selecting test methods,
guide, D 5010 (06.02)
pull-off strength of coatings, using portable adhesion testers,
test, D 4541 (06.02)
static friction of coating surfaces, test, D 4518 (06.01)
subjecting marine antifouling coating to bifouling and fluid
shear forces in natural seawater, test, D 4939 (06.02)
temperature of applied coatings on wood products during the
curing cycle, by infrared radiation thermometers, practice,
D 3259 (06.02)
Surface preparation-paints/related coatings
Sa Specimen preparation (for testing)-paints/related
coatings
preparatory surface cleaning of architectural sandstone, practice,
D 5107 (06.02)
standard pictorial surface preparation standards for painting
steel surfaces, A D 2200 (06.02)
steel panels (zinc-/zinc alloy-coated)-preparation, for testing
paint/related coatings, practice, D 2201 (06.01)
Surface roughness
abrasive blast-cleaned steel surfaces-surface profile, field
measurement in laboratory/field/fabricating shop, test,
D 4417 (06.02)
Surfacers
See Primer
Surfaces (of nuclear facilities)
coating contractor qualification (for nuclear-powered generation
facilities), practice, D 4286 (06.02)
qualification of journeyman painters for application of coatings -
to concrete surfaces of safety-related areas in nuclear
facilities, practice, D 4227 (06.02)
qualification of journeyman painters for application of coatings
to steel surfaces of safety-related areas in nuclear facilities,
practice, D 4228 (06.02)
Surface water resistance
See Resistance-water
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Tension (tensile) properties/tests-paints/related coatings
Surveillance sampling and handling naphthalene, maleic anhydride, and
establishing procedures to monitor performance of safety related phthalic anhydride, practice, D 3438 (06.04)
coatings in operating nuclear power plant, guide, sampling/handling liquid cyclic products (at ambient
D 5163 (06.02) temperature), practice, D 3437 (06.04)
Suspension fluids Tar acids
flash point (of fuel oils/lube oils/suspension of solids/liquids), by color of cresylic acids (“C” series standards), test,
Pensky-Martens closed tester, test, D 93 (06.01) D 3627 (06.04)
Sustained burning test gel time, test, D 2870 (06.04)
sustained burning (of liquid mixtures), by Seta-flash tester (open phenol content (of tar acid mixtures), by gas liquid chromatog-
cup), test, D 4206 (06.01) raphy, test, D 3626 (06.04)
sustained burning (of low viscosity liquid mixtures), by Wick
test, D 4207 (06.01) TBC inhibitor
residual p-tert-butylcatechol(TBC) in styrene monomer, by
Swe1Iing
clear/pigmented organic coatings, test, D 1308 (06.02) spectrophotometry, test, D 4590 (06.04)
Swelling and cracking TDI content
edge performance of composite wood products under surfactant See Free toluene diisocyanate content
accelerated moisture stress, test, D 2065 (06.02) Temperature (application)
Symbols chemical/gravimetric analysis of white/yellow thermoplastic
description/selection of conditions (for photographing traffic marking material containing lead chromate and
specimens), practice, E 312 (06.01) titanium dioxide, test, D 4797 (06.01)
Synthetic amyl alcohol thermoplastic traffic marking materials-bond strength, using
amyl alcohol (synthetic), spec., D 319 (06.04) cement bricks/steel cubes, test, D 4796 (06.02)
Synthetic black iron oxide (magnetite) Temperature service applications-high
See Iron oxide black conducting tests on paint/varnish/lacquer/relatedproducts,
Synthetic drying oils using enclosed carbon-arc light/water exposure apparatus,
See Oils-drying practice, D 5031 (06.01)
Synthetic ethylhexanol Temperature tests-paints/related coatings/materials
See 2-Ethylhexanol evaluating (interior/exterior) coatings for protecting steel
Synthetic hematite (red) surfaces at high-temperature service, test, A D 2485 (06.01)
See Iron oxide red exposure of paints/related coatings to fluorescent UV-
Synthetic phenolic resins condensation light-water-exposure apparatus, practice for
See Resins-phenolic conducting tests, D 4587 (06.01)
Synthetic pine oil freeze-thaw resistance of water-borne coatings, test,
See Oils-pine (natural/synthetic) D 2243 (06.02)
Synthetic primary amyl acetate latex paint films-low temperature coalescence, test,
See Primary amyl acetate D 3793 (06.02)
Synthetic yellow iron oxide latex vehicles-nonvolatile content,quality control test,
See Iron oxide yellow D 4758 (06.03)
minimum film formation temperature (MFFT) of emulsion
T vehicles, test, D 2354 (06.02)
operating light-exposure apparatus (xenon-arc type) with/
Taber abraser without water for exposure of nonmetallic materials,
organic coatings-abrasion resistance, by Taber abraser, test, practice, G 26 (06.01)
D 4060 (06.01) pigment content of paint/traffc marking material, by
Tack low-temperature furnace ashing, test, D 4451 (06.01)
apparent tack of printing inks/vehicles, by inkometer, test, solidification point of 4,4’-isopropylidenediphenol (Bisphenol
D 4361 (06.02) A), test, D 4493 (06.04)
Tag closed-cup tester temperature-change (high-low) resistance of clear nitrocellulose
flash point by Tag closed tester, test, D 56 (06.04) lacquer films applied to wood, test, D 1211 (06.02)
Tag open-cup tester temperature of applied coatings on wood products during the
flash/fire point of liquids, by Tag open-cup apparatus, test, curing cycle, by infrared radiation thermometers, practice,
D 1310 (06.01) D 3259 (06.02)
Talc (pigment) Temperature tests-plastics
See Magnesium silicate operating light-exposure apparatus (xenon-arc type) with/
Tali oil/tall oil rosin without water for exposure of nonmetallic materials,
naval stores-acid number, incl. tall oil/wood and gum practice, G 26 (06.01)
rosin/related products, test, D 465 (06.03) Temperature tests-semiconductors
naval stores-unsaponifiable matter, incl. rosin/tall oil/related interferometer-uniformity of illumination/focus/vibration,
products, test, D 1065 (06.03)
naval stores (incl. tall oil/related products)-terminology, temperature stability/turbulence/cleanliness/component
D 804 (06.03) defects, practice, F 742 (06.01)
tall oil-testing, methods, D 803 (06.03) Ten-degree xylene (10” xylol)
volatile resin acids in tall oil/gum/wood rosin, by gas See Xylene (ten-degree)
chromatography, test, D 3008 (06.03) Tension (tensile) properties/tests-paints/related coatings
Tank cars/wagons/other shipping containers organic coatings-adhesion to plastic substrates, by direct
See Containers-tank cars/wagons tensile testing, D 5179 (06.01)
Tanks organic coatings-uniform free film preparation, practice,
cresylic acid and phenol, practice, D 3852 (06.04) D 4708 (06.01)
sampling and handling aniline, practice, D 3436 (06.04) paints/related coatings (free films), test, D 2370 (06.01)

737
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Terminology
Terminology Thermoplastic traffic marking
appearance (of objects/materials/light sources), terminology, evaluation of color for thermoplastic traffic marking materials,
E 284 (06.01) test, D 4960 (06.02)
description/selection of conditions (for photographing Thermoplastic traffic marking material
specimens), practice, E 312 (06.01) chemical/gravimetric analysis of white/yellow thermoplastic
retroreflection-retroreflectors, terminology, practice, traffic marking material containing lead chromate and
E 808 (06.01) titanium dioxide, test, D 4797 (06.01)
Terminology-nonmetallic materials pigment content of paint/traffic marking material, by ~

nonmetallic materials-natural/artificial weathering, low-temperature furnace ashing, test, D 4451 (06.01)

terminology, G 113 (06.01) Thermosetting materials/properties-resins
Terminology-paints/related coatings/materials stroke cure time of thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resins,
aromatic hydrocarbons/related chemicals, terminology, test, D 4640 (06.03)
D 4790 (06.04)
cellulose/cellulose derivatives, terminology, D 1695 (06.03) Thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde
freeze-thaw resistance of water-borne coatings, test, See Phenolic resins
D 2243 (06.02) Thickness-paints/related coatings/materials
naval stores (incl. tall oil/related products)-terminology, coil coatings, application using a wire-wound drawdown bar,
D 804 (06.03) practice, D 4147 (06.02)
paint/varnish/lacquer/relatedproducts, terminology, dry film thickness, of nonmagnetic coatings (paints/
D 16 (06.01) varnish/lacquer) applied to a ferrous base, D 1186 (06.01)
Terpene alcohols content dry-film thickness of organic coatings, using micrometers, test,
pine oils-sampling/testing, methods, D 802 (06.03) D 1005 (06.01)
Terpene solvents dry film thickness of protective coating systems, by destructive
Sa Solvents (headings) means, test, D 4138 (06.02)
dipentene/related terpene solvents-sampling/testing, methods, erosion testing of antifouling paints, using high velocity water,
D 801 (06.03) test, D 4938 (06.02)
Terra alba film thickness of pipeline coatings on steel, nondestructive
See Calcium sulfate content measurement, method, G 12 (06.02)
pipeline coatings-penetration resistance, by blunt rod test,
Terra di sienna
See Sienna (burnt and raw) G 17 (06.02)
producing films of uniform thickness of paint/varnish/related
Testing methods-paints/related coatings products on test panels, test, D 823 (06.01)
See Guides/practices for testing paints/related coatings subjecting marine antifouling coating to bifouling and fluid
Test samples shear forces in natural seawater, test, D 4939 (06.02)
sample preparation for qualification testing of coatings (used in wet film thickness of organic coatings, by notched gages,
nuclear power facilities), spec., D 5139 (06.02) practice, D 4414 (06.01)
Test specimens Thinners (paint)
See Specimen preparation (for testing) (headings) ester value of solvents and thinners, test, D 1617 (06.04)
Tetraethylammonium bromide evaporation rate, test, D 3539 (06.01)
titanium dioxide content-paint, by x-ray fluorescence house paints (solvent-reducible)-solvent composition, test,
spectroscopy, test, D 4764 (06.01) D 2349 (06.01)
Textile fabrics (general) Thiophene content
indexes of whiteness/yellowness of near-white opaque materials, refined benzene, by gas chromatography (with flame
test, E 313 (06.01)
photometric detection), test, D 4735 (06.04)
Textile fibers thiophene content of benzene, by spectrophotometry, test,
indexes of whiteness/yellowness of near-white opaque materials, D 1685 (06.04)
test, E 313 (06.01)
Texture Thiosulfate method
gloss differences-surfaces of similar appearance, visual strontium chromate pigment-chromium content, by
evaluation, test, D 4449 (06.01) thiosulfate method, test, D 1845 (06.01)
Thawing Thixotropy
See Freezing and thawing rheological properties of non-Newtonian materials, by rotational ,
Thermal black (Brookfield) viscometer, test, D 2196 (06.01)
See Pigments-carbon black Three-degree xylol (3" xylol)
Thermal degradation and endurance See Xylene (nitration grade)
cellulose acetate, test, D 871 (06.03) Time tests
soluble ceiluiose nitrate, testing, methods, D 301 ((16.03) amount of liquid separated as upper layer from a viscous
Thermal transmittance solution/dispersion containing dispersed solids, test,
See Transmittance and reflectance D 4948 (06.01)
Thermal voltaic-type infrared radiation thermometers Tinted paints
temperature of applied coatings on wood products during the latex paints (tinted)-color development, test, D 5326 (06.02)
curing cycle, by infrared radiation thermometers, practice, Tinting strength
D 3259 (06.02) colored pigments (dry/pastes in oil), with a mechanical muller,
Thermistor-type infrared radiation thermometers test, D 387 (06.01)
temperature of applied coatings on wood products during the dry color pigments-color/strength, by miniature sandmill, test,
curing cycle, by infrared radiation thermometers, practice, A D 3022 (06.01)
D 3259 (06.02) relative tinting strength of chromatic paints, test, D 4838 (06.02)
Thermometers relative tinting strength of printing ink dispersions, test,
thermometer specifications for flash point (of fuel oils/lube D 2066 (06.02)
oils/suspension of solids/liquids), by Pensky-Martens closed relative tinting strength of white pigments, by reflectance
tester, test, D 93 (06.01) measurements, test, D 2745 (06.01)

738
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
relative tinting strength of white pigments, by visual
observation, test, D 332 (06.01)
strontium chromate pigment-mass color/tinting strength, USE
D 387 (v 06.01), D 1845 (06.01)
Titanium content
white titanium pigments, chemical analysis, test, D 1394 (06.01)
Titanium dioxide slurries
weight percent of solids in aqueous slumes of titanium dioxide
pigments, test, D 3926 (06.01)
Titanium dioxide (TiO,)
ratio of anatase to rutile in titanium dioxide (TiO,) pigments,
by x-ray diffraction, test, D 3720 (06.01)
relative tinting strength of white pigments, by reflectance
measurements, test, D 2745 (06.01)
titanium dioxide content-paint, by x-ray fluorescence
spectroscopy, test, D 4764 (06.01)
titanium dioxide content of pigments (recovered from whole
paint), by atomic absorption spectroscopy, test,
D 4563 (06.01)
titanium dioxide pigments, spec., D 476 (06.03)
weight percent of solids in aqueous slurries of titanium dioxide
pigments, test, D 3926 (06.01)
white titanium pigments, chemical analysis, test, D 1394 (06.01)
Titer
solidification (titer) point of fatty acids, test, D 1982 (06.03)
Titrimetric method
resin solution dilutability, test, D 5062 (06.03)
Tolerances
color/gloss tolerances, establishing, practice, D 3134 (06.01)
reducing the variability of color measurement, by use of
multiple measurements, practice, E 1345 (06.01)
Toluene
acidity of benzene/toluene/xylenes/solvent naphthas/similar
industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, test, D 847 (06.04)
acid wash color, test, D 848 (06.04)
apparent density of industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, test,
D 2935 (06.04)
aromatic hydrocarbons/related chemicals, terminology,
D 4790 (06.04)
benzene content of cyclic hydrocarbon products, by gas
chromatography, test, D 4534 (06.04)
C, hydrocarbon analysis, by gas chromatography, test,
D 2306 (06.04)
commercial density (of pure liquid chemicals), test,
D 3505 (06.04)
distillation, test, D 850 (06.04)
ethylbenzene-purity/impurities, by gas chromatography, test,
D 5060 (06.04)
nitration grade toluene, spec., D 841 (06.04)
purity of hydrocarbons from freezing points, test,
D 1016 (06.04)
sampling/handling liquid cyclic products (at ambient
temperature), practice, D 3437 (06.04)
soluble cellulose nitrate, testing, methods, D 301 (06.03)
total non-aromatic/trace monocyclic hydrocarbon aromatic
hydrocarbons in high-punty benzene/toluene/mixed
zylenes, by gas chromatography, test, D 2360 (06.04)
trace (total) chloride (organic/inorganic) in liquid aromatic
hydrocarbons, test, D 5194 (06.04)
volume/weight of industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, method,
D 1555 (06.04)
Toluene insolubles content
rosin/rosin derivatives-toluene-insoluble solid matter, test,
D 269 (06.03)
Toluidine red
para red/toluidine red pigments, testing, D 970 (06.01)
pure toluidine red toner, spec., D 656 (06.03)
Toner (para/toluidine red)
para red/toluidine red pigments, testing, D 970 (06.01)
739
Traffic paint
Topcoat compatibility
factory-primed wood products (with representative finish
coats)-durability/compatibility, test, D 2830 (06.02)
Top liquid layers
amount of liquid separated as upper layer from a viscous
solution/dispersion containing dispersed solids, test,
D 4948 (06.01)
Total chloride
See Chloride content
Total chloride content
See Chloride content (headings)
Total integrated scatter
angle resolved optical scatter measurements on specular/diffuse
surfaces, test, E 1392 (06.01)
Total nitrogen oxides content
See Nitrogen oxides
Total/normal reflectance/transmittance
obtaining colorimetric data from a visual display unit (for
minimizing errors), using tristimulus colorimeters, practice,
E 1455 (06.01)
obtaining spectrophotometric data for object-color evaluation,
practice, E 1164 (06.01)
Total sulfur content
See Sulfate content (headings)
Total titanium
total titanium in white titanium pigments, by Jones
reductor/aluminum reduction method, test, D 1394 (06.01)
Toxicity/toxicolog y
unreacted monomer content of latexes, by gas-liquid
chromatography, test, D 4747 (06.01)
Trace elements content
sulfur (trace quantities) in liquid aromatic hydrocarbons, by
oxidative microcoulometry, test, D 3961 (06.04)
trace amounts of peroxides in organic solvents (with active
oxygen in range 25-80 ppm), test, E 299 (06.04)
Trace elements content-chloride
Sa Chloride content (headings)
trace (total) chloride (organic/inorganic) in liquid aromatic
hydrocarbons, test, D 5194 (06.04)
Trace impurities content
See Impurities content
Sa Purity
Trace lead/cadmium/cobalt paint
lead/cadmium/cobalt content (low concentrations) in
nonvolatile portion of liquid coatings/dried films, by
atomic absorption spectroscopy, test, D 3335 (06.01)
Trace monomers
unreacted monomer content of latexes, by gas-liquid
chromatography, test, D 4747 (06.01)
Trade sales coatings
architectural coatings (water-borne)-selecting test procedures,
for interior/exterior use, guide, D 5324 (06.02)
Trade sales paint
blocking resistance of trade sales paints, test, D 4946 (06.02)
Traffic marking materials
evaluation of color for thermoplastic traffic marking materials,
test, D 4960 (06.02)
Traffic paint
evaluating degree of bleeding of traffic/pavement marking paint,
test, A D 868 (06.02)
glass spheres in, test for roundness, D 1155 (06.02)
laboratory evaluation of degree of bleeding of trafic/pavement
marking paint, test, D 969 (06.02)
laboratory test for settling properties, during storage,
D 1309 (06.02)
methods of conducting road service tests on, D 713 (06.02)
no-pick-up time (drying time), test, D 711 (06.02)
pigment content of paint/traffic marking material, by
low-temperature furnace ashing, test, D 4451 (06.01)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Traffic paint
resistance to wear of traffic paint, method, A D 913 (06.02)
retroreflectance/specificluminance, test, D 4061 (06.01)
sieve analysis of glass spheres (for retroreflective pavements
markings/industrial uses), test, D 1214 (06.02)
solvent and fuel resistance, test, D 2792 (06.02)
traffic paint-uniformity of vehicle solids, by spectroscopylgas
chromatography, practices, D 2743 (06.02)
traffic paints-selecting test procedures (laboratory/field), guide,
D 2205 (06.02)
Training of observers
observers-selection/evaluation/training, guide, E 1499 (06.01)
Transesterification
carboxylic acids identification-alkyd resins, method,
D 2455 (06.03)
Transfer efficiency (TE)
evaluating and comparing transfer conditions-laboratory
conditions, test, D 5009 (06.02)
spray-applied coatings-transfer efficiency, under general
laboratory conditions, practice, D 5327 (06.02)
transfer efficiency-spray applied automotive paints, by weight
basis under production conditions, practice,
D 5066 (06.02)
Translucent materials
color/color-difference of object-color specimens, by tristimulus
(filter) colorimetry,'test, E 1347 (06.01)
fluorescence in object-color specimens, by spectrophotometry
test, E 1247 (06.01)
reflectance factor/color of object-color specimens, using
bidirectional geometry, test, E 1349 (06.01)
selection of geometric conditions for measurement of
reflection/transmission properties of materials, practice,
E 179 (06.01)
transmittance/color of object-color specimens, by spectrophoto-
metry using hemispherical geometry, test, E 1348 (06.01)
Transmittance
obtaining colorimetric data from a visual display unit (for
minimizing errors), using tristimulus colorimeters, practice,
E 1455 (06.01)
Transmittance and reflectance
appearance (of objects/materials/light sources), terminology,
E 284 (06.01)
color/color-difference of object-color specimens, by tristimulus
(filter) colorimetry, test, E 1347 (06.01)
conducting exposures of nonmetallic materials to daylight
filtered through glass, practice, G 24 (06.01)
goniophotometry of objects/materials, practice, E 167 (06.01)
luminous reflectance factor of acoustical materials, by use of
integrating sphere reflectometers, test, E 1477 (06.01)
obtaining spectrophotometric data for object-color evaluation,
practice, E 1164 (06.01)
selection of geometric conditions for measurement of
reflection/transmission properties of materials, practice,
E 179 (06.01)
specular reflectance/transmittance of optically flat-coated/
non-coated specimens, test, F 768 (06.01)
transmittance/color of object-color specimens, by spectrophoto-
metry using hemispherical geometry, test, E 1348 (06.01)
Transparent liquids
See Liquids
Transparent materials
color/color-difference of object-color specimens, by tristimulus
(filter) colorimetry, test, E 1347 (06.01)
reflectance factor/color of object-color specimens, using
bidirectional geometry, test, E 1349 (06.01)
transmittance/color of object-color specimens, by spectrophoto-
metry using hemispherical geometry, test, E 1348 (06.01)
visual color evaluation of transparent sheet materials, practice,
E 1478 (06.01)
740
Triangle test
observers-selection/evaluation/training, guide, E 1499 (06.01)
Tributyl tin (TBT)
organotin release rates of antifouling coating systems in sea
water, using graphite furnace atomic absorption
spectrophotometry (GF-AAS), test, D 5108 (06.02)
Trichlorotrifluoroethane-extractable matter
acetone/methanol-permanganate time, test, D 1721 (06.04)
naval stores-unsaponifiable matter, incl. rosin/tall oil/related
products, test, D 1399 (06.04)
Tricresyl phosphate
tricresyl phosphate, spec., D 363 (06.04)
volatile matter in tricresyl phosphate, test, D 1468 (06.04)
Tristimulus value
Sa Color (headings)
appearance (of objects/materials/light sources), terminology,
E 284 (06.01)
calculation of color differences from instrumentally measured
color coordinates, test, D 2244 (06.01)
color/color-difference of object-color specimens, by tristimulus
(filter) colorimetry, test, E 1347 (06.01)
computing colors of objects, by CIE system, method,
E 308 (06.01)
directional reflectance factor (45-deg 0-deg) of opaque
specimens, by broad-band filter reflectometry, test,
E 97 (06.01)
indexes of whiteness/yellowness of near-white opaque materials,
test, E 313 (06.01)
obtaining colorimetric data from a visual display unit (for
minimizing errors), using tristimulus colorimeters, practice,
E 1455 (06.01)
obtaining colorimetric data from video display unit, by
spectroradiometry, method, E 1336 (06.01)
obtaining spectrophotometric data for object-color evaluation,
practice, E 1164 (06.01)
obtaining spectroradiometric data from radiant sources for
colorimetry, practice, E 1341 (06.01)
specifying color of objects, using Optical Society of America
(OSA) uniform color scales system, practice,
E 1360 (06.01)
visual evaluation of metamerism, practice, D 4086 (06.01)
True red lead
lead peroxide/true red lead content of dry red lead pigments,
test, D 49 (06.01)
Tung oil
See Oils-tung
Tunnel method
small-scale evaluation of fire-retardant paints, by 2-foot tunnel
method, test, D 3806 (06.01)
Turbidimetric method
reporting particle size characteristics of pigments, practice,
D 1366 (06.03)
Turbidity
resin solution dilutability, test, D 5062 (06.03)
turbidity in clear liquids, quantitative test, D 5180 (06.03)
Turbulence
interferometer-uniformity of illumination/focus/vibration,
temperature stability/turbulence/cleanliness/component
defects, practice, F 742 (06.01)
Turkey red
See Iron oxide red
Turkish umber
See Umber (burnt and raw)
Turpentine
pinene composition, by gas chromatography, test,
D 3009 (06.03)
spirits of turpentine, spec., D 13 (06.03)
turpentine-sampling/testing, methods, D 233 (06.03)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Twenty-four hour testing
amount of liquid separated as upper layer from a viscous
solution/dispersion containing dispersed solids, test,
D 4948 (06.01)
Two-foot tunnel method
small-scale evaluation of fire-retardant paints, by 2-foot tunnel
method, test, D 3806 (06.01)
U Unsaturation
Ultrafiltrates/ultrafiltration (UF) systems
acid/base milliequivalent content of (anodic/cathodic)
electrocoat baths/their ultrafiltrates, test, D 4370 (06.01)
electrical conductivity of electrocoat baths, test, D 4399 (06.01)
electrocoat baths-apparent pH, test, D 4584 (06.01)
nonvolatile and pigment content of electrocoat baths, using
mume furnace, test, D 5145 (06.01)
Ultramarine blue pigment
chemical analysis of (iron/copper phthalocyanine/ultramarine)
blue pigments. test. D 1135 (06.01)
chemical analysis of phthalocyanine blue/green pigments, test,
D 3256 (06.01)
ultramarine blue pigment, spec., D 262 (06.03)
Ultraviolet-cured coatings
cure time, practice for reporting, D 3732 (06.02)
estimating package stability of coatings for ultraviolet curing,
test, D 4144 (06.02)
Ultraviolet (UV) light/radiation
angle resolved optical scatter measurements on specular/diffuse
surfaces, test, E 1392 (06.01)
conducting tests on paint/varnish/lacquer/related products,
using enclosed carbon-arc light/water exposure apparatus,
practice, D 5031 (06.01)
exposure of paints/related coatings to fluorescent UV-
condensation light-water-exposure apparatus, practice for
conducting tests, D 4587 (06.01)
filtered open flame carbon-arc light/water exposure apparatus-
paints and related coatings/materials, conducting
accelerated tests (using G 23), practice, D 822 (06.01)
performing accelerated outdoor weathering of nonmetallic
materials, using concentrated natural sunlight, practice,
G 90 (06.01)
Umber (burnt and raw)
chemical analysis of yellow/orange/red/brown pigments
containing iron/maganese, test, D 50 (06.01)
raw/burnt umber pigments, spec., D 763 (06.03)
Underground environments
cathodic disbonding of pipeline coatings, by attached cell
method, test, G 95 (06.02)
pipeline coatings-cathodic disbonding, accelerated procedures,
test, G 8 (06.02)
Uniform color scales system
specifying color of objects, using Optical Society of America
(OSA) uniform color scales system, practice,
E 1360 (06.01)
Uniformity of illumination
interferometer-uniformity of illumination/focus/vibration,
temperature stability/turbulence/cleanliness/component
defects, practice, F 742 (06.01)
Uniform thickness (of paints/related coatings)
See Thickness-paints/related coatings/materials
Unloading tank cars/wagons/other shipping containers
cresylic acid and phenol, practice, D 3852 (06.04)
naphthalene, maleic/phthalic anhydride, practice,
D 3438 (06.04)
sampling and handling aniline, practice, D 3436 (06.04)
Unreacted monomer content
unreacted monomer content of latexes, by gas-liquid
chromatography, test, D 4747 (06.01)
unreacted monomer content of latexes using capillary column
gas chromatography, test, D 4827 (06.01)
74 1
Varnishes
Unsaponifiable matter content
alkyd resins and resin solutions, test, D 1397 (06.03)
naval stores-unsaponifiable matter, incl. rosin/tall oil/related
products, test, D 1065 (06.03)
tall oil-testing, methods, D 803 (06.03)
tricresyl phosphate, test, D 1399 (06.04)
unsaponifiable matter in drying oils/fatty acids/polymerized
fatty acids, test, D 1965 (06.03)
drying oils/derivatives total, by modified Rosenmund-
Kuhnhenn method, test, D 1541 (06.03)
drying oils/derivatives Wijs method, test, D 1959 (06.03)
Up and down method
pipeline coatings-impact resistance, by falling weight test,
G 14 (06.02)
Upper liquid layer
amount of liquid separated as upper layer from a viscous
solution/dispersion containing dispersed solids, test,
D 4948 (06.01)
Urethanes
isocyanate group content of urethane materials/prepolymers,
test. D 2572 (06.03)
unreacted toluene diisocyanates in urethane prepolymersl
coating. solutions, by gas chromatography, test,
D 3432 (06.03)
Urethanes-coatings
2-ethoxyethyl acetate (99 % grade), spec., D 3728 (06.04)
isocyanate group content of urethane materials/prepolymers,
test, D 2572 (06.03)
unreacted toluene diisocyanates in urethane prepolymersl
coating solutions, by gas chromatography, test,
D 3432 (06.03)
V
Vanadium content
vanadium content-paint driers, by EDTA method, test,
D 3988 (06.01)
Vapors
chemical resistance of pipeline coatings, test, G 20 (06.02)
organic coatings-uniform free film preparation, practice,
D 4708 (06.01)
Variability
reducing the variability of color measurement, by use of
multiple measurements, practice, E 1345 (06.01)
Variances in manufacturing process
sampling industrial chemicals, annex, practice, E 300 (06.04)
Varnishes
acid value of organic coating materials, test, D 1639 (06.03)
atmospheric environmental exposure testing of nonmetallic
materials practice, G 7 (06.01)
clarity/cleanness of (nonpigmented) paint and ink liquids, by
visual examination, test, D 2090 (06.03)
clear/pigmented organic coatings, test, D 1308 (06.02)
coatings-water resistance in 100 % relative humidity, practice,
D 2247 (06.01)
coatings-water resistance, using (distilled/de-mineralized) water
immersion, practice, D 870 (06.01)
conducting tests on paint/varnish/lacquer/related products,
using enclosed carbon-arc light/water exposure apparatus,
practice, D 5031 (06.01)
density-paint/varnish/lacquer/related products, test, A D 1475
(06.01)
discoloration (light stability), test, D 2620 (06.02)
dried varnish films, test, D 1647 (06.03)
dry-film thickness of organic coatings, using micrometers, test,
D 1005 (06.01)
elasticity/toughness of varnishes, test, D 1642 (06.03)
elongation/tensile strength/stiffness, test, D 2370 (06.01)
exterior durability, test, D 1641 (06.03)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Varnishes
film formation rates in drying or curing process, at room
temperature, test, D 1640 (06.03)
filtered open flame carbon-arc light/water exposure apparatus-
paints and related coatings/materials, conducting
accelerated tests (using G 23), practice, D 822 (06.01)
flash point of liquids, by Setaflash closed-cup apparatus, test,
D 3278 (06.01)
Gardner color scale-transparent liquids, test, D 1544 (06.01)
gas checking and draft test, D 1643 (06.03)
glacial acrylic acid (99.0 % grade), spec., D 4416 (06.04)
high shear viscosity (of paints/varnishes/related products), by
IC1 cone/plate viscometer, test, D 4287 (06.01)
liquid paint driers, selection of test methods, D 564 (06.01)
methyl n-amyl ketone (98 % grade), spec., D 4360 (06.04)
moisture vapor transmission of organic coating films, test,
D 1653 (06.01)
nonconductive coatings-dry film thickness, nondestructive
measurement, test, D 1400 (06.01)
nonvolatile matter content, test, D 1644 (06.01)
organic coatings-abrasion resistance, by air blast abrasive, test,
A D 658 (06.01)
organic coatings-abrasion resistance, by falling abrasive, test,
D 968 (06.01)
organic coatings-adhesion to smooth flat (planar) panel
surfaces, by scrape adhesion test, D 2197 (06.01)
organic coatings-indentation hardness, by Knoop and Pfund
methods, test, D 1474 (06.01)
organic coatings-uniform free film preparation, practice,
D 4708 (06.01)
paint and related coatings exposure tests, methods for
preparation, D 609 (06.01)
paint/varnish/lacquer/related products, terminology,
D 16 (06.01)
preparing glass panels for testing, D 3891 (06.01)
qualitative detection of rosin in varnishes, by Lieberman-
Storch/Halphen-Hicks tests, D 1542 (06.03)
rosin acids content, test, D 1469 (06.03)
shellac varnish-sampling/testing, D 1650 (06.03)
specific gravity at 25/25C, test, D 1963 (06.03)
standard environments for conditioning/testing paint/
varnish/lacquer/related materials, spec., D 3924 (06.01)
steel panels (zinc-/zinc alloy-coated)-preparation, for testing
paint/related coatings, practice, D 2201 (06.01)
varnishes-selecting test procedures, guide, D 154 (06.03)
viscosity of paints/varnishes/lacquers,by Ford viscosity cup,
test, D 1200 (06.01)
viscosity (of paints/varnishes/lacquers/relatedmaterials), by
dip-type viscosity cups, test, D 4212 (06.01)
volatile content in phenolic resins, test, D 4639 (06.03)
volatile/nonvolatile content-cellulosics/emulsions/resin
solutions/shellac/varnishes,selecting test procedures,
practice, D 4209 (06.01)
volatile solvents/chemical intermediates-total acidity, test,
D 1613 (06.04)
volatile solvents (for paint/lacquer/varnish)-nonvolatile matter,
test, D 1353 (06.04)
wet film thickness of organic coatings, D 1212 (06.01)
wet film thickness of organic coatings, by notched gages,
practice, D 4414 (06.01)
Vegetable origin
artists’ paints (oil/resin-oil/alkyd), spec., D 4302 (06.02)
Vehicles
printing ink (heatset/liquid)-nonvolatile weight content, test,
D 4713 (06.02)
Vehicle separation-solvent-type paints
amount of liquid separated as upper layer from a viscous
solution/dispersion containing dispersed solids, test,
D 4948 (06.01)
high-speed centrifuge, for pigment content, test, D 2698 (06.01)
infrared identification of vehicle solids from solvent-reducible
paints, by infrared spectroscopy, test, D 2621 (06.01)
742
pigment content of solvent-reducible paints, test, D 2371 (06.01)
vacuum distillation (for vehicle separation in solvent-type
paints), practice, D 3272 (06.01)
vehicle separation from solvent-reducible paints, by centrifuge,
practice, D 2372 (06.01)
Vehicle solids content
See Solids content
Venetian red
chemical analysis of yellow/orange/red/brown pigments
containing iron/maganese, test, D 50 (06.01)
Vibration test
interferometer-uniformity of illumination/focus/vibration,
temperature stability/turbulence/cleanliness/component
defects, practice, F 742 (06.01)
Viewing distance
description/selection of conditions (for photographing
specimens), practice, E 312 (06.01)
Viewing geometries
obtaining spectrophotometric data for object-color evaluation,
practice, E 1164 (06.01)
Vinyl acetate
acetaldehyde content of vinyl acetate, test, D 2191 (06.04)
hydroquinone in vinyl acetate, test, D 2193 (06.04)
vinyl acetate (refined)/acetaldehyde-total acidity, test,
D 2086 (06.04)
vinyl acetate, spec., D 2190 (06.04)
Vinyl antifouling coatings
See Antifouling coating system
Vinyl chloride monomer (residual) content
residual vinyl chloride monomer content of poly(viny1 chloride)
resins/compounds/coplymers by solution injection
technique, test, D 3680 (06.03)
Viscometers-Brookfield
rheological properties of non-Newtonian materials, by rotational
(Brookfield) viscometer, test, D 2196 (06.01)
Viscometers-falling rod
viscosity of printing inks/vehicles, by falling-rod viscometer,
test, D 4040 (06.02)
Viscometers-Ford
viscosity of paints/varnishes/lacquers, by Ford viscosity cup,
test, D 1200 (06.01)
Viscometers-Gardner-Holdt
tall oil-testing, methods, D 803 (06.03)
Viscometers-IC1 cone/plate
high shear viscosity (of paints/varnishes/related products), by
IC1 cone/plate viscometer, test, D 4287 (06.01)
Viscometers-Weissenberg Rheogoniometer
polymeric (molten) powder coatings-viscosity, by Weissenberg
rheogoniometer, test, D 3451 (06.02)
Viscometers-Zahn
coil coatings, testing, practice, D 3794 (06.02)
Viscosity-paints/related coatings/materials
cellulose acetate propionates/butyrate, test, A D 817 (06.03)
cellulose acetate, test, D 871 (06.03)
coil coatings, testing, practice, D 3794 (06.02)
comparison of the brush drag of latex paints, test,
D 4958 (06.02)
consistency of paints, using Stormer viscometer, test,
D 562 (06.01)
dip-type viscosity cup, test, D 4212 (06.01)
ethylcellulose, test, D 914 (06.03)
high shear viscosity (of paints/varnishes/related products), by
IC1 cone/plate viscometer, test, D 4287 (06.01)
hydrogen sulfide/sulfur dioxide (qualititative) of industrial
aromatic hydrocarbons, test, D 2363 (06.03)
hydroxyethylcellulose, test, D 2364 (06.03)
intrinsic viscosity of cellulose, test, D 1795 (06.03)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
methylcellulose, test, D 1347 (06.03)
paints/vamishes/lacquers,by Ford viscosity cup, test,
D 1200 (06.01)
polymeric (molten) powder coatings-viscosity, by Weissenberg
rheogoniometer, test, D 3451 (06.02)
resin solutions, test, D 1725 (06.03)
rheological properties of non-Newtonian materials, by rotational
(Brookfield) viscometer, test, D 2196 (06.01)
rosin oil, test, D 1131 (06.03)
sodium glycolate content of sodium carboxymethylcellulose,
test, D 1439 (06.03)
soluble cellulose nitrate, testing, methods, D 301 (06.03)
soluble nitrocellulose base solutions, test, D 365 (06.02)
tall oil-testing, methods, D 803 (06.03)
transparent liquids, by bubble-tiome method, test,
D 1545 (06.03)
viscosity of cellulose derivatives, by ball-drop method, test,
D 1343 (06.03)
viscosity of paints/related materials, by IS0 flow cups, test,
D 5125 (06.01)
viscosity of printing inks/vehicles, by falling-rod viscometer,
test, D 4040 (06.02)
Wick test (for low viscosity liquids) D 4207 (06.01)
Viscosity at high shear
high shear viscosity (of paints/varnishes/related products), by
IC1 cone/plate viscometer, test, D 4287 (06.01)
Viscous liquids/materials
flash point (of fuel oils/lube oils/suspension of solids/liquids), by
Pensky-Martens closed tester, test, D 93 (06.01)
liquid/solid status (of viscous materials), test, D 4359 (06.01)
Visibility enhancement
retroreflective pedestrian markings-visibility enhancement,
nighttime photometric performance, spec., E 1501 (06.01)
Visibility/vision
angle resolved optical scatter measurements on specular/diffuse
surfaces, test, E 1392 (06.01)
understanding properties of high visibility materials (for
individual safety), guide, F 923 (06.01)
Visible radiation
contrast ratio of a pair of linear polarizers for visible radiation,
test, F 743 (06.01)
Visual display unit (VDU)
obtaining colorimetric data from a visual display unit (for
minimizing errors), using tristimulus colorimeters, practice,
E 1455 (06.01)
obtaining colorimetric data from video display unit, by
spectroradiometry, method, E 1336 (06.01)
Visual examination
appearance (of objects/materials/light sources), terminology,
E 284 (06.01)
visual color evaluation of transparent sheet materials, practice,
E 1478 (06.01)
Visual examination-color
color by Munsell color ordering system, test, D 1535 (06.01)
evaluation of visual color difference (of non-self luminous
materials) with a gray scale, test, D 2616 (06.01)
indexes of whiteness/yellowness of near-white opaque materials,
test, E 313 (06.01)
obtaining colorimetric data from video display unit, by
spectroradiometry, method, E 1336 (06.01)
reducing the variability of color measurement, by use of
multiple measurements, practice, E 1345 (06.01)
selection of geometric conditions for measurement of
reflection/transmission properties of materials, practice,
E 179 (06.01)
specifying color of objects, using Optical Society of America
(OSA) uniform color scales system, practice,
E 1360 (06.01)
Visual examination-copy materials
color by Munsell color ordering system, test, D 1535 (06.01)
743
Volatile matter content
Visual examination-paints/related coatings/materials
clarity/cleanness of (nonpigmented) paint and ink liquids, by
visual examination, test, D 2090 (06.03)
color by Munsell color ordering system, test, D 1535 (06.01)
color of cresylic acids ("C"series standards), test,
D 3627 (06.04)
color (of maleic anhydride/phthalic anhydride-in molten state
and after heating), by platinum-cobalt scale, test,
D 3366 (06.04)
color (of solid aromatic hydrocarbons/related materials-in
molten state), by platinum-cobalt scale, test,
D 1686 (06.04)
evaluating degree of bleeding of trafic/pavement marking paint,
test, A D 868 (06.02)
formability/adhesion of zinc-rich primer/chromate complex
coatings (on steel), test, D 4146 (06.02)
freeze-thaw resistance of water-borne coatings, test,
D 2243 (06.02)
gloss differences-surfaces of similar appearance, visual
evaluation, test, D 4449 (06.01)
gloss/sheen uniformity evaluation, test, D 3928 (06.02)
industrial water-reducible coatings (pigmented/clear)-selecting
test procedures, guide, D 4712 (06.02)
laboratory evaluation of degree of bleeding of trafic/pavement
marking paint, test, D 969 (06.02)
MEK resistance of ethyl silicate (inorganic) zinc-rich primers,
by solvent rub, test, D 4752 (06.02)
metamerism, visual evaluation, D 4086 (06.01)
opaque materials-color differences, visual examination,
practice, D 1729 (06.01)
painted/coated specimens-corrosive environments, evaluation,
method, D 1654 (06.01)
porosity of paint films (to indicate coating penetration), test,
D 3258 (06.02)
relative tinting strength of white pigments, by visual
observation, test, D 332 (06.01)
solution color of 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol (dissolved in
methanol), test, D 4789 (06.04)
subjecting marine antifouling coating to bifouling and fluid
shear forces in natural seawater, test, D 4939 (06.02)
wet-to-dry hiding change of architectural coatings, test,
D 5007 (06.02)
Visual examination-pipeline coatings
pipeline coatings-cathodic disbonding, accelerated procedures,
test, G 8 (06.02)
pipeline coatings-effect of outdoor weathering, test,
G 11 (06.021
pipeline coatings-impact resistance, by limestone drop test,
G 13 (06.02)
Visual observation
observers-selection/evaluation/training, guide, E 1499 (06.01)
VM & P naphthas
VM & P naphthas, spec., D 3735 (06.04)
VOC abatement
amount of volatile organic compound (VOC) released from
solventborne automotive coatings and available for
removal in a VOC control device (abatement), test,
D 5087 (06.01)
VOC baking temperature
coatings (solvent-/water-reducible)-volatile content by weight
percent, test, D 2369 (06.01)
VOC calculation
volatile organic compound (VOC) content-paints/related
coatings, selecting test procedures, practice, D 3960 (06.01)
Void content
holiday detection in pipeline coatings, test, G 62 (06.02)
Volatile liquids
low viscosity, rate of evaporation, test, D 3539 (06.01)
Volatile matter content
strontium chromate pigment-moisture content, USE D 280 (v
06.01), D 1845 (06.01)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Volatile matter content-paints/related coatings/materials
Volatile matter content-paints/related coatings/materials
aerosol paints (water-borne)-volatile content by weight
percent, test, D 5325 (06.01)
calcium borosilicate, test, D 4487 (06.01)
coatings (solvent-/water-reducible)-volatile content by weight
percent, test, D 2369 (06.01)
driers/drying oils/naval stores/solvents-volatile/nonvolatile
content, selecting test methods, guide, D 4140 (06.01)
hygroscopic moisture (and other matter volatile under test
conditions) in pigments, test, D 280 (06.01)
lac resins (orange shellac and button-/garnet-/bleached-
lac)/-sampling/testing, D 29 (06.03)
loss on heating of drying oils, test, D 1960 (06.03)
moisture content of pigments, D 1208 (06.03)
paint/related coatings-volatile/nonvolatile content, selecting
test procedures, guide, D 2832 (06.01)
polymeric powderslpowder coatings-volatile content, practice,
D 3451 (06.02)
solvent-borne paints-weight percent volatile content, in aerosol
cans, test, D 5200 (06.01)
volatile content in phenolic resins, test, D 4639 (06.03)
volatile matter in tricresyl phosphate, test, D 1468 (06.04)
volatile/nonvolatile content-cellulosics/emulsions/resin
solutions/shellac/varnishes, selecting test procedures,
practice, D 4209 (06.01)
volatile/nonvolatile content (of pigments), selecting test
procedures, guide, D 4139 (06.01)
volatile organic compound (VOC) content-paints/related
coatings, selecting test procedures, practice, b 3960 (06.01)
volatile solvents/chemical intermediates-sampling/testing,
guide, D 268 (06.04)
Volatile organic compounds (V0C)-paints/related coatings/
materials
aerosol paints (water-borne)-volatile content by weight
percent, test, D 5325 (06.01)
calculating formulation physical constants of paints/coatings,
practice, D 5201 (06.01)
coatings (solvent-/water-reducible)-volatile content by weight
percent, test, D 2369 (06.01)
dichloromethane/ 1,1,1-trichloroethane content-paints/coatings,
by direct injection gas chromatography, test,
D 4457 (06.01)
distillation range (between 30 and 350°C) of volatile organic
liquids, test, D 1078 (06.04)
nonvolatile content in silanes/siloxanes/silane-siloxaneblends
used in masonry water-repellent treatments, test,
D 5095 (06.02)
nonvolatile content of resin solutions (in volatile organic
solvents), test, D 1259 (06.01)
printed matter-lightfastness/weatherability, by natural
daylight/laboratory exposures, test, D 3424 (06.02)
solvent-borne paints-weight percent volatile content, in aerosol
cans, test, D 5200 (06.01)
spray-applied coatings-transfer efficiency, under general
laboratory conditions, practice, D 5327 (06.02)
volatile oil in rosin, test, D 889 (06.03)
volatile organic compound (VOC) content-paints/related
coatings, selecting test procedures, practice, D 3960 (06.01)
Volatile resin acids content
See Resins (headings)
Volatile solvents (in paints/coatings)
See Solvents-paints/related coatings/materials
Volatility
distillation range (between 30 and 350°C) of volatile organic
liquids, test, D 1078 (06.04)
Volume-petroleum products
volume/weight of industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, method,
D 1555 (06.04)
744
Volume-volume change
interior pahts-wet abrasion resistance to scrubbing, test,
D 4213 (06.02)
Volume nonvolatile content
volume nonvolatile matter in clear/pigmented coatings, test,
D 2697 (06.01)
Volume solids
calculating formulation physical constants of paints/coatings,
practice, D 5201 (06.01)
Volumetric measurement
water pickup of lithographic printing inks/vehicles in a
laboratory mixer, test, D 4942 (06.02)
W
Washability
interior architectural coatings, test, D 3450 (06.02)
practical washability of organic coatings, test, D 4828 (06.02)
Water
water pickup of lithographic printing inks/vehicles in a
laboratory mixer, test, D 4942 (06.02)
water-soluble chromates-safety/health requirements relating to
occupational exposure, practice, E 848 (06.01)
Water-high-purity/reagent-grade
reagent water, spec., D 1193 (06.01)
Water-resistance
See Resistance-water
Water-sea water
erosion testing of antifouling paints, using high velocity water,
test, D 4938 (06.02)
organotin release rates of antifouling coating systems in sea
water, using graphite furnace atomic absorption
spectrsphotometry (GF-AAS), test, D 5108 (06.02)
subjecting marine antifouling coating to bifouling and fluid
shear forces in natural seawater, test, D 4939 (06.02)
Water absorption
comparative corrosion preventive characteristics of materials
used for joints/couplings/fittings/patches in pipeline
coatings, test, G 18 (06.02)
water penetration into pipeline coatings, test, G 9 (06.02)
Water-base paints
See Latex paints
Water-borne coatings
Sa Latex paints
aerosol paints (water-borne)-volatile content by weight
percent, test, D 5325 (06.01)
architectural coatings (solvent-/water-thinned), selecting test
methods, index, D 2833 (06.02)
architectural coatings (water-borne)-selecting test procedures,
for interior/exterior use, guide, D 5324 (06.02)
density-paint/varnish/lacquer/related products, test, A D 1475
(06.01)
field identification of coatings, test, D 5043 (06.02)
freeze-thaw resistance of water-borne coatings, test,
D 2243 (06.02)
leveling-paints (water-/solvent-reducible), by draw-down
method, test, D 4062 (06.02)
paint spatter resistance to roller application, test, D 4707 (06.02)
paint (water-/solvent-reducible)-package stability, test,
D 1849 (06.02)
sag resistance-liquid coatings (aqueous/nonaqueous), using
multinotch applicator, test, D 4400 (06.02)
water-borne floor paints-selecting test procedures, guide,
D 3358 (06.02)
Water-borne paints
aerosol paints (water-borne)-volatile content by weight
percent, test, D 5325 (06.01)
Water channel method
erosion testing of antifouling paints, using high velocity water,
test, D 4938 (06.02)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Watercolor paint
Sa Artists’ paints
artists’ watercolor paints, spec., D 5067 (06.02)
Water content-paints/related coatings/materials
cresylic acid content (of alkaline cresylate solutions), chemical
analysis, D 3439 (06.04)
fatty nitrogen compounds, test, D 2072 (06.03)
Karl Fischer reagent method, test, D 4017 (06.01)
lacquer solvents-heptane miscibility, test, D 1476 (06.04)
moisture content of pigments, D 1208 (06.03)
oil/water presence in compressed air (used for coating
application/air blast cleaning/abrasive blast cleaning), test,
D 4285 (06.02)
phenol/cresols/xylenols/naphthalene/pyridine/quinoline-water
content, by iodine reagent method, test, D 1631 (06.04)
water content of water-reducible paints, by direct injection into
gas chromatograph, test, D 3792 (06.01)
water in liquid naval stores, test, D 890 (06.03)
water in volatile solvents, by Fischer reagent titration method,
test, D 1364 (06.04)
Water content-petroleum products
water in petroleum products/bituminous materials, by
distillation, test, D 95 (06.04)
Water fog test
coatings-water resistance, using water fog apparatus, practice,
D 1735 (06.01)
Water immersion
coatings-water resistance, using (distilled/de-mineralized) water
immersion, practice, D 870 (06.01)
Water-insoluble chromates
water-soluble chromates-safety/health requirements relating to
occupational exposure, practice, E 848 (06.01)
Water-insoluble impurities content
See Impurities (headings)
Water-insoluble matter content
hydrogen sulfide/sulfur dioxide (qualititative) of industrial
aromatic hydrocarbons, test, D 2363 (06.03)
methylcellulose, test, D 1347 (06.03)
phenol-formaldehyde resins (water-insoluble)-apparent pH,
test, D 4613 (06.03)
Water miscibility
Sa Miscibility
water miscibility of water-soluble solvents, test, D 1722 (06.04)
Water of hydration
calcium borosilicate, test, D 4487 (06.01)
Water penetration
water penetration into pipeline coatings, test, G 9 (06.02)
Water pickup
water pickup of lithographic printing inks/vehicles in a
laboratory mixer, test, D 4942 (06.02)
Water-reducible coatings
industrial water-reducible coatings (pigmented/clear)-selecting
test procedures, guide, D 4712 (06.02)
Water repellency
wood products, qualitative test for, D 2921 (06.02)
Water resistance
See Resistance-water
Water-soluble-matter content
blasting abrasives-water soluble ionic contamination, by
conductimetric analysis, test, D 4940 (06.02)
lac resins (orange shellac and button-/garnet-/bleached-
lac)/-sampling/testing, D 29 (06.03)
moisture content of pigments, D 1208 (06.03)
painting inspectors (metal substrates), guide, D 3276 (06.02)
salt content of blue pigments, test, D 1135 (06.01)
water miscibility of water-soluble solvents, test, D 1722 (06.04)
water-soluble salts in pigments, by measuring specific resistance
of pigment leachate, test, D 2448 (06.03)
yellow/orange/green pigments containing lead chromate/
chromium oxide green, analysis, test, D 126 (06.01)
745
Weathering-accelerated and outdoor
Water-soluble solvents
See Solvents (headings)
Water spotting
reporting paint film failures characteristic of exterior latex
paints, classification, D 1848 (06.02)
Water vapor permeance
moisture vapor transmission of organic coating films, test,
D 1653 (06.01)
Water vapor transmission (WVT)
moisture vapor transmission of organic coating films, test,
D 1653 (06.01)
Wavefront deviation/distortion
laser rods, by Fizeau interferometer, test, F 530 (06.01)
optical elements having nominally parallel surfaces, due to
refractive index inhomogeneity, test, F 611 (06.01)
polished circular/elliptical laser disks, using a Fizeau
interferometer, test, F 531 (06.01)
Wavefront deviationJdistortion-flatness deviation
evaluating interferometers (for uniformity of illumination,
focus, vibration, temperature stability, turbulence,
cleanliness, component defects), practice, F 742 (06.01)
Wavefront deviation/distortion-peak-to-valley
glass laser rods, by Fizeau interferometer, test, F 530 (06.01)
in polished optical (laser glass planar) surfaces, with Fizeau
interferometer, test, F 579 (06.01)
interferometric testing of optical components (manual analysis,
by least squares fitting to a plane reference surface),
practice, F 663 (06.01)
interferometric testing of optical components (manual/
computer-aided analysis, by least squares fitting to a
plane/spherical reference surface), practice, F 664 (06.01)
nominally plane wavefronts (in optical components), method
for interpreting interferograms, F 529 (06.01)
Wavefronts (plane)
interpreting interferograms of, method, F 529 (06.01)
Wavelength accuracy
obtaining spectrophotometric data for object-color evaluation,
practice, E 1164 (06.01)
Wavelength scale
spectroradiometric system for characterizing color/absolute
luminance of radiant source, calibration, practice,
E 1341 (06.01)
spectroradiometric system for obtaining colorimetric data from
video display unit, calibration, method, E 1336 (06.01)
Waxes
alcohol-benzene soluble matter in cellulose, test, D 1794 (06.03)
Wear testing
resistance to wear of traffic paint, method, A D 913 (06.02)
Weatherfastness
printed matter-lightfastness/weatherability, by natural
daylight/laboratory exposures, test, D 3424 (06.02)
Weathering
conducting tests on paint/varnish/lacquer/relatedproducts,
using enclosed carbon-arc light/water exposure apparatus,
practice, D 5031 (06.01)
factory-primed wood products (with representative finish
coats)-durability/compatibility , test, D 2830 (06.02)
painted/coated specimens-corrosive environments, evaluation,
method, D 1654 (06.01)
Weathering-accelerated
carbon-arc light-exposure apparatus-nonmetallic materials,
operating with/without water, practice, G 23 (06.01)
Weathering-accelerated and outdoor
coatings-water resistance, using water fog apparatus, practice,
D 1735 (06.01)
coatings (applied to metal substrates), practice, D 4141 (06.01)
Dew cycle, light-water-exposure apparatus, practice for
operating, D 3361 (06.01)
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Weathering-accelerated and outdoor
filtered open flame carbon-arc light/water exposure apparatus- Wet-to-dry hiding change
paints and related coatings/materials, conducting wet-to-dry hiding change of architectural coatings, test,
accelerated tests (using G 23), practice, D 822 (06.01) D 5007 (06.02)
nonmetallic materials-natural/artificial weathering, White architectural enamels
terminology, G 113 (06.01) See Architectural paints/coatings
performing accelerated outdoor weathering of nonmetallic White extender pigments
materials, using concentrated natural sunlight, practice, See Extender pigments
G 90 (06.01) White hiding pigments
Weathering-artificial See Antimony oxide/Basic carbonate white lead
nonmetallic materials-natural/artificial weathering, Sa Basic sulfate white lead/Leaded zinc oxide
terminology, G 113 (06.01) Pigments (general properties)/Titanium dioxide
Weathering-outdoor Zinc oiide/Zinc sulfide
atmospheric environmental exposure testing of nonmetallic White linseed oil paints
materials practice, G 7 (06.01) white linseed oil paints-chemical analysis, selecting test
conducting exterior exposure tests of (exterior) paints on steel, methods, practice, D 215 (06.01)
test, D 1014 (06.02) Whiteness index
conducting exterior exposure tests of house/trim paints on indexes of whiteness/yellowness of near-white opaque materials,
new/unpainted wood, practice, D 1006 (06.01) test, E 313 (06.01)
exposure of paints/related coatings to fluorescent UV- White pigments-general analysis
condensation light-water-exposure apparatus, practice for analysis of white zinc pigments, test, D 3280 (06.01)
conducting tests, D 4587 (06.01) antimony oxide content of white pigment (separated from
pipeline coatings-effect of outdoor weathering, test, solvent-type paints), test, D 2350 (06.01)
G 11 (06.02) basic carbonate white lead pigment, spec., D 81 (06.03)
quantifying dirt collection on coated exterior panels, test, chemical analysis of white pigments, selection of test methods,
D 3719 (06.02) guide, D 34 (06.01)
wood used as panels in weathering tests of coatings, spec., particle size distribution, by hydrometer of common white
D 358 (06.02) extender pigments, test, D 3360 (06.03)
Weight ratio of anatase to rutile in titanium dioxide (Ti02) pigments,
density-paint/vamish/lacquer/related products, test, A D 1475 by x-ray diffraction, test, D 3720 (06.01)
(06.01) relative tinting strength of white pigments, by reflectance
pipeline coatings-impact resistance, by falling weight test, measurements, test, D 2745 (06.01)
G 14 (06.02) relative tinting strength of white pigments, by visual
solvent-borne paints-weight percent volatile content, in aerosol observation, test, D 332 (06.01)
cans, test, D 5200 (06.01) sulfide in white pigment separated from solvent-reducible
transfer efficiency under production conditions for spray paints, test, D 2351 (06.01)
application of automotive paints, by weight basis, practice, sulfur dioxide in white pigment separated from solvent-
D 5066 (06.02) reducible paints, test, D 2352 (06.01)
volume/weight of industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, method, white lead- chemical analysis, test, D 1301 (06.01)
D 1555 (06.04) white linseed oil paints-chemical analysis, selecting test
methods, practice, D 215 (06.01)
Weight-weight loss white titanium pigments, chemical analysis, test, D 1394 (06.01)
interior paints-wet abrasion resistance to scrubbing, test, zinc oxide pigments, spec., D 79 (06.03)
D 4213 (06.02) White pine
Weight-weight-per-gallon cup wood used as panels in weathering tests of coatings, spec.,
density-paint/varnish/lacquer/related products, test, A D 1475 D 358 (06.02)
(06.01) White zinc pigments
Weight percent epoxide (WPE) See Zinc oxide
epoxy content of epoxy resins, test, D 1652 (06.03) Whiting
Weight solids See Calcium carbonate
calculating formulation physical constants of paints/coatings, Wick test
practice, D 5201 (06.01) sustained burning (of low viscosity liquid mixtures), by Wick
Weissenberg rheogoniometer test test, D 4207 (06.01)
polymeric (molten) powder coatings-viscosity, by Weissenberg Width
rheogoniometer, test, D 3451 (06.02) defect width on optical surfaces, using Nomarski differential
Welding/welds microscopy, test, F 532 (06.01)
flue gas desulfurization system components-design/fabrication Wijs procedure-iodine value
for protective lining application, spec., D 4618 (06.02) drying oils and their derivatives, test, D 1959 (06.03)
Western red cedar fatty amines/diamines, test, D 2075 (06.03)
wood used as panels in weathering tests of coatings, spec., Wire-wound drawdown bar method
D 358 (06.02) coil coatings, application using a wire-wound drawdown bar,
practice, D 4147 (06.02)
Wet abrasion resistance
interior paints-wet abrasion resistance to scrubbing, test, Wolfe-potentiometric method
-~
D 4213 (06.02) oleic acid content of tall oil rosin, test, D 1585 (06.03) ~~

Wood and wood products

Wet film thickness atmospheric environmental exposure testing of nonmetallic
See Film-wet film thickness materials practice, G 7 (06.01)
Wet film thickness gage chlorinated phenol preservative content in wood products,
wet film thickness of organic coatings, D 1212 (06.01) qualitative test, D 2921 (06.02)
Wet ground muscovite mica coatings on wood products-dry film thickness, microscopical
See Stone-mica measurement, test, D 5235 (06.02)

146
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Yellow pigments
temperature of applied coatings on wood products during the flash/fire point of liquids, by Tag open-cup apparatus, test,
curing cycle, by infrared radiation thermometers, practice, D 1310 (06.01)
D 3259 (06.02) purity of hydrocarbons from freezing points, test,
wood used as panels in weathering tests of coatings, spec., D 1016 (06.04)
D 358 (06.02) sampling/handling liquid cyclic products (at ambient
Wood and wood products-cellulose pulp temperature), practice, D 3437 (06.04)
cellulose pulp (from wood/cotton)-metals (Fe/Cu/Mn,Ca) total non-aromatic/trace monocyclic hydrocarbon aromatic
content, test, D 4085 (06.03) hydrocarbons in high-purity benzene/toluene/mixed
pentosans content of cellulose, test, D 1787 (06.03) zylenes, by gas chromatography, test, D 2360 (06.04)
Wood and wood products-composites volume/weight of industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, method,
edge performance of composite wood products under surfactant D 1555 (06.04)
accelerated moisture stress, test, D 2065 (06.02) xylenes for p-xylene feedstock, spec., D 5211 (06.04)
meta-Xylene
Wood and wood products-heartwood apparent density of industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, test,
wood used as panels in weathering tests of coatings, spec., D 2935 (06.04)
D 358 (06.02) commercial density (of pure liquid chemicals), test,
Wood and wood products-paintslrelated coatings D 3505 (06.04)
block resistance of organic coatings, test, D 2793 (06.02) volume/weight of industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, method,
coatings on wood products-dry film thickness, microscopical D 1555 (06.04)
measurement, test, D 5235 (06.02) ortho-Xylene
conducting exterior exposure tests of house/trim paints on apparent density of industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, test,
new/unpainted wood, practice, D 1006 (06.01) D 2935 (06.04)
factory-primed wood products (with representative finish commercial density (of pure liquid chemicals), test,
coats)-durability/compatibility, test, D 2830 (06.02) D 3505 (06.04)
humid-dry cycling (for coatings on wood/wood products), purity, by gas chromatography, test, D 3797 (06.04)
method, D 3459 (06.02) volume/weight of industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, method,
specifying properties of paint from the liquid state through the D 1555 (06.04)
curing stage for factory applied coatings on wood products, o-xylene 950, spec., D 4076 (06.04)
practices, D 2336 (06.02)
para-Xylene
Wood preservatives apparent density of industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, test,
chlorinated phenol preservative content in wood products, D 2935 (06.04)
qualitative test, D 2921 (06.02) commercial density (of pure liquid chemicals), test,
Wood rosin D 3505 (06.04)
Sa Rosin high purity p-xylene, spec., D 5136 (06.04)
Oils (headings) trace (total) chloride (organic/inorganic) in liquid aromatic
rosin/rosin derivatives-toluene-insoluble solid matter, test, hydrocarbons, test, D 5194 (06.04)
D 269 (06.03) volume/weight of industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, method,
Wood turpentine D 1555 (a~.o4)
Sa Turpentine p-xylene-puritylimpurities, by gas chromatography, test,
pinene composition, by gas chromatography, test, D 3798 (06.04)
D 3009 (06.03) xylenes for p-xylene feedstock, spec., D 5211 (06.04)
spirits of turpentine, spec., D 13 (06.03) Xylene (five-degree)
C, hydrocarbon analysis, by gas chromatography, test,
X D 2306 (06.04)
Xylene (mixed)
Xenon-arc lamps apparent density of industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, test,
lightfastness of pigments (in artists’ paints), test, D 4303 (06.02) D 2935 (06.04)
obtaining spectrophotometric data for object-color evaluation, commercial density (of pure liquid chemicals), test,
practice, E 1164 (06.01) D 3505 (06.04)
operating light-exposure apparatus (xenon-arc type) with/ volume/weight of industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, method,
without water for exposure of nonmetallic materials, D 1555 (06.04)
practice, G 26 (06.01) Xylene (nitration grade)
printed matter-lightfastness/weatherability, by natural C, hydrocarbon analysis, by gas chromatography, test,
daylight/laboratory exposures, test, D 3424 (06.02) D 2306 (06.04)
X-ray diffraction xylene (nitration grade), spec., D 843 (06.04)
ratio of anatase to rutile in titanium dioxide (TiO,) pigments, Xylene (ten-degree)
by x-ray diffraction, test, D 3720 (06.0i) c8 hydrocarbon analysis, by gas chromatography, test,
X/Y crystal axes D 2306 (06.04)
crystallographic axes/contrast ratio of a Pockels cell electro-optic Xylenol
crystal (in longitudinal mode), test, F 741 (06.01) phenol/cresols/xylenols/naphthalene/pyridine/quinoline-water
Xylene content, by iodine reagent method, test, D 1631 (06.04)
acidity of benzene/toluene/xylenes/solventnaphthas/similar
industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, test, D 847 (06.04)
acid wash color, test, D 848 (06.04)
Y
aromatic hydrocarbons/related chemicals, terminology, Yellowness index
D 4790 (06.04) indexes of whiteness/yellowness of near-white opaque materials,
c8 hydrocarbon analysis, by gas chromatography, test, test, E 313 (06.01)
D 2306 (06.04) Yellow ocher
distillation, test, D 850 (06.04) See Ocher
ethylbenzene-purity/impurities, by gas chromatography, test, Yellow pigments
D 5060 (06.04) chrome yellow/orange pigment, spec., D 211 (06.03)

141
 Index of ASTM Standards, Section 6
Yellow pigments
yellow iron oxide (hydrated), spec., D 768 (06.03) zinc yellow (zinc chromate yellow) pigment, test, D 444 (06.01)
yellow/orange/green pigments containing lead chromate/ Zinc driers
chromium oxide green, analysis, test, D 126 (06.01) See Driers
Yield value Sa Oils-drying
laboratory preparation of gelled vehicles, using microwave oven, Zinc dust
practice, D 5166 (06.03) Sa Pigments (general properties)
laboratory preparation of gelled vehicles, using resin kettle, analysis, D 521 (06.01)
practice, D 5165 (06.02) zinc dust pigment, spec., D 520 (06.03)
Zinc hydroxy phosphite
Z analysis, D 4450 (06.01)
zinc hydroxy phosphite pigment, spec., D 4462 (06.03)
Zahn viscometers Zinc oxide-pigment
See Viscometers-Zahn analysis of white zinc pigments, test, D 3280 (06.01)
Zeisel technique zinc oxide pigments, spec., D 79 (06.03)
ethoxyl substitution in cellulose ether products, by gas Zinc oxide content
chromatography, test, D 4794 (06.03) zinc hydroxy phosphite, test, D 4450 (06.01)
gas chromatographic analysis of methoxyl/hydroxypropyl Zinc-rich primer
substitution, in cellulose ether products, test, Sa Primer
D 3876 (06.03) MEK resistance of ethyl silicate (inorganic) zinc-rich primers,
Zinc by solvent rub, test, D 4752 (06.02)
liquid paint driers, selection of test methods, D 564 (06.01) Zinc sulfide
Zinc chromate (yellow) analysis of white zinc pigments, test, D 3280 (06.01)
analysis, D 444 (06.01) Zinc white
zinc yellow (zinc chromate) pigments, spec., D 478 (06.03) See Zinc oxide-pigment
Zinc-coated (galvanized) surfaces Zinc yellow
preparation for painting, practice, D 2092 (06.02) See Zinc chromate (yellow)
Zinc content Zirconium content
analysis of white zinc pigments, test, D 3280 (06.01) zirconium content-paint driers, by EDTA method, test,
paint driers-calcium/zinc content, by EDTA method, test, D 3969 (06.01)
D 2613 (06.01) ZTO chromate
zinc dust (metallic zinc powder), test, D 521 (06.01) See Zinc chromate (yellow)

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