1. The Preamble of the 1987 Constitution.

The Preamble is the first part of the 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Every
Filipino must know the Preamble and know its meaning by heart. Most students in college who
study law and political science, memorize the Preamble as it is the introductory part of studying
the Philippine Constitution and it is also important to master its words and meaning behind it.
We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just
and humane society, and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations,
promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our
posterity, the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of
truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.

2. Define Constitution.
A constitution is an aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute
the legal basis of a polity, organization or other type of entity, and commonly determine how that
entity is to be governed.

3. The Three Branches of the Government According to the 1897 Biak-na-Bato Constitution.
The Legislative branch is authorized to make laws, alter, and repeal them through the power
vested in the Philippine congress. The institution is divided into the senate and the House of
Representatives. The Executive branch carries out laws.it is composed of the president and the
vice president who are elected by direct popular vote and serve a term of six years. The
constitution grants the president authority to appoint his cabinet. These departments form a large
portion of the country's The Judicial branch evaluates laws. It holds the power to settle
controversies involving rights that are legally demandable and enforceable .This branch
determines whether or not there has been a grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess
of jurisdiction on the part and instrumentality of the government .It is made up of a Supreme
Court and lower courts.

4. Discuss the History of 1899 Malolos Constitution.

The Malolos constitution is the first important Filipino document ever produced by the people's
representatives. It is anchored in democratic traditions that ultimately had their roots in American
soil. It created a Filipino state whose government was "popular, representative and responsible"
with three distinct branches -- the executive, the legislative and the judicial. The constitution
specifically provided for safeguards against abuses, and enumerated the national and individual
rights not only of the Filipinos and of the aliens. The legislative powers were exercised by the
Assembly of Representatives composed of delegates elected according to law. To make the
function of Congress continuous, the document provided for a Permanent Commission which
would sit as a law-making body when Congress was not in session. The assembly elected the
President of the Republic. The Cabinet, composed of the Secretaries of the different Departments
of the government, was responsible not to the President, but to the Assembly. The administration
of justice was vested in the Supreme Court and in inferior courts to be established according to
law. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court was to be elected by the Assembly with the
concurrence of the President and the Cabinet.
5. Discuss the Commonwealth Constitution.
The Constitution, whether written or unwritten is recognized as the supreme law of the land as it
serves as the basis for the legitimacy of any governmental acts necessary for its existence. It is a
codified law that determines the powers and duties of a government and it embodies certain
rights of the people. Right after the signing of the Treaty of Paris in Washington D.C in 1898 that
ceded the Philippines to the US paying the amount of $20, 000, 000 to Spain in the process, and
the eruption of Filipino-American War in 1899, our country was placed under a military
government until 1901 with the passing of the Spooner Amendment, putting an end to the
military rule in the Philippines and replacing it with a civil government with William H. Taft as
the first civil governor. The ratification of the Philippine Bill of 1902, which called for the
creation of a lower legislative branch composed of elected Filipino legislators, and the Jones
Law in August 1916 gave the Filipinos the opportunity to govern themselves better. The First
Philippine Assembly, which convened on October 16, 1907, was composed of educated Filipinos
from illustrious clans such as Sergio Osmeña and Manuel L. Quezon, who revived the issue of
immediate independence for the Filipinos and this was expressed by sending political missions to
the US Congress.

6. Discuss the Martial Law.

6. Martial law is the imposition of direct military control of normal civilian functions by a
government, especially in response to a temporary emergency such as invasion or major disaster,
or in an occupied territory. Martial law has also been imposed during conflicts, and in cases of
occupations, where the absence of any other civil government provides for an unstable
population. Examples of this form of military rule include post World War II reconstruction in
Germany and Japan, the recovery and reconstruction of the former Confederate States of
America during Reconstruction Era in the United States of America following the American
Civil War, and German occupation of northern France between 1871 and 1873 after the Treaty of
Frankfurt ended the Franco-Prussian War.

7. Discuss the 1987 Constitution.

There are three possible methods by which the Constitution can be amended. It can be done
through a Constituent Assembly (Con-Ass), Constitutional Convention (Con-Con), and People’s
Initiative. All three methods require ratification by a majority vote in a national referendum.
Following the administration of Corazon Aquino, succeeding administrations made several
attempts to amend or change the 1987 constitution.

8. What is Federalism?
Federalism is the mixed or compound mode of government, combining a general government
(the central or "federal" government) with regional governments (provincial, state, cantonal,
territorial or other sub-unit governments) in a single political system. Its distinctive feature,
exemplified in the founding example of modern federalism by the United States under the
Constitution of 1787, is a relationship of parity between the two levels of government
established.[1] Federalism can thus be defined as a form of government in which there is a
division of powers between two levels of government of equal status.[2] Federalism differs from
confederalism, in which the general level of government is subordinate to the regional level, and
from devolution within a unitary state, in which the regional level of government is subordinate
to the general level.[3] It represents the central form in the pathway of regional integration or
separation,[4] bounded on the less integrated side by confederalism and on the more integrated
side by devolution within a unitary state.[5]

9. Discuss the Land Ownership during American Regime and Spanish Regime.
Land reform in the Philippines has long been a contentious issue rooted in the Philippines's
Spanish Colonial Period. Some efforts began during the American Colonial Period with renewed
efforts during the Commonwealth, following independence, during Martial Law and especially
following the People Power Revolution in 1986. The current law, the Comprehensive Agrarian
Reform Program, was passed following the revolution and recently extended until 2014.

10. Discuss the Agrarian Reform efforts under Marcos.

Five days after the proclamation of Martial Law, the entire country was proclaimed a land reform
area and simultaneously the Agrarian Reform Program was decreed. President Marcos enacted
the following laws: ... It strengthen the position of farmers and expanded the scope of agrarian
reform.

11. What is CARP?

The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program, more commonly known as CARP, is an agrarian
reform law of the Philippines whose legal basis is the Republic Act No. 6657, [1] otherwise
known as the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL). [2] It is the redistribution of
private and public agricultural lands to help the beneficiaries survive as small independent
farmers, regardless of the “tenurial” arrangement. Its goals are to provide landowners equality in
terms of income and opportunities, empower land owner beneficiaries to have equitable land
ownership, enhance agricultural production and productivity, provide employment to more
agricultural workers, and put an end to conflicts regarding land ownership.