EYE Heat and Mass Transf Minimum thickness of insulation =82.% 2.76 mm (Ans.) Example 2.43. A steam pipe (inner diameter = 150 mm and outer diameter = 160 mm) having thermal conductivity 58 W/m°C is covered with two layers of insulation, of thickness 30 mm and 50 mm respectively and thermal conductivities 0.18 W/m°C and 0.09 W/m°C respectively. The temperature of inner surface of steam pipe is 320°C and that of the outer surface of the insulation layers is 40°C. (i) Determine the quantity of heat lost per metre length of steam pipe and layer contact tempera- ture, and (ii) If the condition of the steam is dry and saturated, find the quality of the steam coming out of ‘one metre pipe assuming the quantity of steam flowing is 0.32 kg/min. Solution. Refer to Fig. 2.55. ‘team pipe (A) Insulation (B) Insulation (C) Fig. 2.55. = 15mm = 0.075m = = 80mm = 0.08m 2 ry = 804302 110mm=0.11 m r= 110 +50= 160 mm = 0.16 mDimension = 320°C, 1, = 40°C 8 WimeC 0.18 Win°C, k= 0.09 WimeC @ Quantity of heat lost per meter (Q) and layer contact temperatures (t,,): ‘Quantity of heat lost is given by 2mL(h~ ty) o In) , In(aln) , INT) 296.5 Wim (Ans). 1670.11) 0.09 on 2RXMh~h) _ 2WXMb- bh) _ IRXMh- ty) In(ry Hii) In(y/) In(ry/ 5) ky kp ke 2965 = 28G20=8) ge gq 2985. Inn) In 7) G 2m ky 1m (0.0870-75) _ 319,95" (Ans.) 58 _ 2319.95 - 5) Similarly, 29638 = 296.5. In (0.11/0.08 = 319.95 - O-T11008) _ 236.5°C (Ans. on 2 kyo oR 0.18 (ns) (i) Quality of steam coming out of one metre pipe, x: Total heat of steam when itis saturated at 320°C = 2703 ki/kg ..from steam tables Heat carried by steam per minute after losing heat in the pipe 32(kg /min) x 2703 (kJ/kg) = REx (4S /min) = 847.17 kJ /min Now 847.17 =0.32(h+.1hg) Corresponding to 320°C saturation temperature, from steam tables, we have 463 KIKg, My = 1240 kIkg, 32 (1463 +x 1240) = 468.16 + 396.8 (847.17 ~ 468.16) 396.8 Example 2.84. Thermal conductivity, k, of a certain material is given by k= a+ bT + cT? where a,b, c are constants and T is the absolute temperature. Derive an expression for heat flow per unit length of a hollow cylinder made of this material. Assume that inner and outer radii of the cylinder are r, and r, respectively and the cylinder ends are perfectly insulated. (AMIE Summer, 2000) Solution. Refer to Fig. 2.56. Consider a hollow ring at radius r, and thickness dr of the hollow cylinder. The radius heat flow across the ring, per unit length, is given by = 0.955 (Ans.) or, ar Q=-kA, wk darx ir