REF CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

1 Temperature and Design Flow

o
Inlet Temperature, Ti C 5
o
Surface temperature, Ts C 30
3
Fesh Air Flow m /hr 400000
m3/s 111.1111
Diameter m 9
2
Area m 63.61725
Tunnel Length m 1500
2
Flow velocity m /s 1.746556

2 Air Properties

The outlet temperature is unknown. The bulk mean temperatire cannot be determined.
Based on inlet temperature 5 oC, the fluid properties are:

Density, ρ kg/m3 1.204

Thermal Conductivity, k W/mK 0.02514
Kinematic Viscosity, ν m2/s 1.52E-05
Specific heat, Cp J/kgK 1007
Prandtl Number, Pr 0.7309

3 Reynolds Number

Reynolds Number, Re 1,036,874 laminar flow Re<2300, Turbulent flow Re>10,000

Entry length m 90

4 Nusselt Number by Dittus-Boelter Equation

Roughness, ε mm 3
ε/D 0.000333
Friction Coefficient, f 0.016023 0.011555
Nusselt Number, Nu 1698.51
Heat transfer Coeff, h W/m2K 4.74
2
Overall area, A m 42,412
mass flow rate, m kg/s 133.78

5 Exit Temperature and Heat Loss

o
Exit temperature, Te C 24.39
o
LMTD C 12.98
Heat loss, Q W 2,611,630

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REF CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

1 Temperature and Design Flow

o
Inlet Temperature, Ti C 15
o
Surface temperature, Ts C 30
3
Fresh air Flow m /hr 400,000
m3/s 111.1111
Tunnel Diameter m 9 TBM option
2
Area m 63.61725
Length m 1500
2
Flow velocity m /s 1.75

2 Air Properties

The outlet temperature is unknown. The bulk mean temperatire cannot be determined.
Based on inlet temperature 15 oC, the fluid properties are:

Density, ρ kg/m3 1.204

Thermal Conductivity, k W/mK 0.02514
Kinematic Viscosity, ν m2/s 1.52E-05
Specific heat, Cp J/kgK 1007
Prandtl Number, Pr 0.7309

3 Reynolds Number

Reynolds Number, Re 1,036,874 laminar flow Re<2300, Turbulent flow Re>10,000

Entry length m 90

4 Nusselt Number by Dittus-Boelter Equation

Heating or cooling 0.3 heating=0.4, cooling=0.3

Nusselt Number, Nu 1,359.77
Heat transfer Coeff, h W/m2K 3.80
2
Overall area, A m 42,412
mass flow rate, m kg/s 133.78

5 Exit Temperature and Heat Loss

o
Exit temperature, Te C 25.46 (Tb = 20.23 oC). Recalculate if delta is greater than 5K
o
LMTD C 8.75
Heat loss, Q W 1,409,525

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