CDB 2052

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY I

JAN 2019

Experiment 13 Plate Heat Exchanger

Group B10
Group members Frederick Chong (17006349)
Nur Hazliana Binti Hassan (0025500)
Izzatul Aqilah Bt Mohd Amijar (0025446)
Anis Nabilah Binti Mohd Zaimi (0025292)
Muhammad Hakimin Bin Sazali (0024850)
Lab instructor Rizwan Safdar
Date of experiment 26.02.2019
 Chapter 1: Summary & Objectives

Plate heat exchanger is a type of heat exchanger that transfer heat between two moving
fluid using metal plates that are arrange in a specific type of arrangement. The advantages of
usage of this plate heat exchanger is to increase the contact time of fluids on the surface and to
improve the rate of heat transfer.
This plate heat exchanger is used in various field especially in chemical engineering
field. In chemical engineering field, it is commonly used in petroleum production of liquefied
natural gas (LNG) productions. It is also commonly used in food and beverages industries
because they can easily clean and inspected.
In this experiment, the HE200 are used as it is designed as an actual plate heat exchanger but
in a lab scale for students to experience using heat exchanger in their studies. The hot and cold-
water stream are flowed with co-current flow and counter current water flow through this plate
heat exchanger and the inlet and outlet temperature are recorded at steady state. Heat loss,
efficiency, temperature efficiency Ec, Eh and Emean are to be calculated in this experiment.
 Chapter 2: Methodology & Experimental
Procedure
Experiment 13A: Counter-current heat exchanger.

The main switch is turned on

followed by pump 1, pump 2 and a
heater.

Valve HV5, HV7, HV9, HV10,

HV12 and HV13 are open to allow
counter current flow in the heat
exchanger.

Valve HV2, HV3, HV8 and HV11

are closed to ensure no water flow
to other direction.

The flow rate is set according to

the pump. Pump 1 for hot water
flow rate and pump 2 for cold
water

The temperature is set to 57 ˚C

and the hot water flow rate are set
to 16 L/min.

The flow rate for cold water varies

from 8, 12, 16, 18, 20 and 22
L/min

The temperate of T1, T2, T3 and

T4 are recorded for every flow rate
change.

Heat loss, efficiency, temperature

efficiency Ec, Eh and Emean were
calculated.

Plate coefficient and the overall

heat transfer coefficient were
determined
Experiment 13B: Co-current plate heat exchanger.

The main switch is turned on followed by pump 1,

pump2 and heater.

Valve HV5, HV7, HV8, HV11, HV 12 and HV 13 are

open to allow co current flow in the heat exchanger.

Valve HV2, HV3, HV6, HV9 and HV10 are closed to

ensure that no water flow to other direction.

The flow rate are set according to the pump. Pump 1

for hot water flow rate and pump 2 for cold water.

The temperature are set to 57 ˚C and the hot water flow

rate are set to 16 L/min.

The flow rate for cold water varies from 8, 12, 16, 18,
20 and 22 L/min

The temperate of T1, T2, T3 and T4 are recorded for

every flow rate change.

Heat loss, efficiency , temperature efficiency Ec, Eh

and Emean were calculated.

Plate coefficient and the overall heat transfer

coefficient were determined.
 Chapter 3: Results & Discussion
Experiment 13A: Counter-Current Plate Heat Exchanger
Counter current flow is a flow where hot stream and cold stream flow parallel to each
other but in opposite direction. Hot stream will enter from one end and the cold stream will
flow in the other end and the heat will transfer from hot media to cold media. In this experiment,
hot stream flow from the bottom to top of the heat exchanger while the cold stream flow from
top to bottom of the heat exchanger. The hot stream, the flow rate is made constant for 16L/min
while the flow rate for the cold stream are varied. For each flow rate, the inlet temperature of
hot and cold stream as well as the outlet of the hot and cold stream are recorded in table13A.1.
The mass flow rate can be calculated from the volumetric flow rate and mass flow rate is used
to calculate heat loss. Heat loss, heat transfer efficiency, temperature efficiencies, plate
coefficient and overall heat transfer coefficient are evaluated and calculated based on the
experimental results obtained. All the data are tabulated in appendix13A. Sample calculation
for volumetric 8L/min are also shown in appendix13A.

From the experimental results and the calculated data, a graph of overall heat transfer
coefficient, U against the volumetric flowrate of cold stream, V is plotted as shown in the figure
below:

Gragh Q vs V
2500
Overall heat transfer coefficient

2000
(W/m2.K)

1500

1000

500

0
8 12 14 18 20 22
Volumetric flow rate (L/min)

Figure 13A.1: Graph of Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient, U against Volumetric

Flowrate, V

From figure 13A.1, overall heat transfer coefficient increasing with increasing of volumetric flow
rate of cold stream. Counter current have higher heat transfer coefficient because counter current flow
have higher temperature difference. This allow heat to be distributed more evenly across the heat
exchanger thus allow maximum efficiency for the heat exchanger. However, based on figure 13A.1, the
overall heat transfer decreases at volumetric flow rate 14L/min and increase in a very small rate for
volumetric 18L/min and beyond. This may be cause by the temperature cross occur in the heat exchanger.
Counter current flow enable more heat transfer but temperature cross can occur where
temperature of outlet cold stream are higher than temperature of outlet hot stream. The cold stream
temperature are maximum in the heat exchanger rather than at the exit. In this state, cold stream became
hotter than the hot stream in some part so heat may be transfer back to the hot stream causing wastage of
heat transfer. This may cause decreasing in efficiency of the heat exchanger.

Experiment 13B: Co-Current Plate Heat Exchanger

A co-current flow is where two fluids flow in separate streams in the same direction. In
this experiment, co-current of two distinct streams of water occurs in a plate heat exchanger,
where heat transfer between the two streams occur. The temperature of the hot water in the
sum tank is maintained at 57 °C while the cold water in a separate sum tank is maintained at
26 °C. Both streams of water are allowed to flow co-currently into the plate heat exchanger
without mixing. Inlet temperature of hot stream into the heat exchanger is about 51 °C whereas
the inlet temperature of the cold stream is about 27 °C. The flowrate of the hot stream is fixed
at 16 L/min, while the flowrate of the cold stream is varied as the manipulated variable to
observe and analyze its variation on the heat transfer. Heat loss, heat transfer efficiency,
temperature efficiencies, plate coefficient and overall heat transfer coefficient are evaluated
and calculated based on the experimental results obtained using suitable correlations. These
calculations are made in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, where tables of data and results are
generated and attached in the appendix. Sample calculations are also shown in the appendix.

From the experimental results and the calculated data, a graph of overall heat transfer
coefficient, U against the volumetric flowrate of cold stream, V is plotted as shown in the figure
below:

Graph of U against V
1400

1200

1000
U (W/m2.K)

800

600

400

200

0
0.000133333 0.0002 0.000266667 0.0003 0.000333333 0.000366667
V (m3/s)

Figure 13B.1: Graph of Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient, U against Volumetric

Flowrate, V
 Based on Figure 13B.1, an upward trend is observed in the relationship between
volumetric flowrate of cold stream and the overall heat transfer coefficient. As the volumetric
flowrate of cold stream increases, the overall heat transfer coefficient also increases. This is
because as the volumetric flowrate of the cold stream increases, more cold water is supplied in
the cold stream to cool down the hot stream at the same amount of time given. Thus, greater
heat transfer takes place from the hot stream to the cold stream, and therefore the overall heat
transfer coefficient increases. However, as the volumetric flowrate of the cold stream increase
further from 0.000266667 m3/s and beyond, the overall heat transfer coefficient increases at a
decreasing rate. This may be due to the further increase in flowrate causes a greater turbulence
in the system, leading to greater frictional and heat loss to the surrounding. Hence, the overall
heat transfer coefficient still increases, but at a slower pace and lower rate.
 Chapter 4: Conclusion
The conclusion for this experiment is that we can determine the outlet temperature of the
hot and cold streams after varying the flow rate of the cold stream. The objective of this
experiment is to determine the efficiency of the heat exchanger under steady state operation for
both counter-current and co-current flow through heat transfer. Three main variables are
hot stream flow rate, cold stream flow rate and hot stream inlet temperature. Based on the
result, it is observed that counter-current flow has higher heat transfer compared to co-current
flow due to temperature difference for both flows. Theoretically, outlet temperature of cold
stream never exceeded the inlet temperature of hot stream in the temperature profile
diagram. Co-current flow has large temperature for the inlets and gradually decreases for the
outlet streams. Unlike counter-current flow, the temperature difference is consistent throughout
the operation. Therefore, counter-current flow has higher LMTD which causes the heat
transfer rate to be higher. Heat transfer efficiency and thermal efficiency for this experiment is
observed that counter current flow has higher values for both heat transfer and thermal
efficiency. Hence, counter flow heat exchanger is more efficient as it distributes heat more
evenly across the heat exchanger. Therefore, it is better to set up counter current flow heat
exchanger to operate the heat exchanger effectively as it has higher heat transfer, heat transfer
efficiency and thermal efficiency.
 References
1. History Studies International Journal of History. (2018, October 10). Retrieved from
http://www.ijrat.org/downloads/nov-2014/paper%20id-211201445.pdf
2. Thermoeconomically Optimum Counterflow Heat Exchanger Effectiveness. Retrieved
from https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-reason-of-temperature-cross-in-a-counterflow-
heat-exchanger
3. How gasketed plate heat exchangers work. (n. d), Retrieved from
https://www.alfalaval.com/microsites/gphe/tools/how-gphes-work/
4. Plate and Frame Heat Exchangers Explained. Retrieved from
https://www.thermaxxjackets.com/plate-and-frame-heat-exchangers-explained/
5. How Efficient Are Plate Heat Exchangers. Retrieved from
https://www.aelheating.com/blog/how-efficient-are-plate-heat-exchangers/
 Appendix 13A
Experimental data and results are tabulated as shown in Table 13A.1. Sample calculations are
made only for the volumetric flowrate of cold stream = 8 L/min.
Flow rate Flow rate Hot Water Temperature (𝐾) Cold Water Temperature (𝐾)
hot water cold water Inlet T1 Outlet T2 Outlet T3 Inlet T4
(L/min) (L/min)
8 323.15 311.95 319.05 301.05
12 323.25 309.95 317.25 301.05
16 16 323.15 308.45 315.45 300.95
18 323.25 308.05 314.65 300.95
20 322.95 307.55 313.55 300.85
22 323.85 307.35 313.15 300.75
Table 13A.1: Experimental Result

Physical properties of hot and cold-water streams are evaluated using property table of water
at its respective temperature. Hydraulic diameter, cross-sectional area and surface area are
also specified for the plate heat exchanger model of HE200.
Properties At 50℃ (hot inlet stream) At 27℃ (cold inlet stream)

Density (kg/m3) 988.02 996.59

Heat capacity, Cp (J/kg.K) 4181 4179
Surface area, 𝐴𝑠 (𝑚2 ) 0.96 0.96

Table 13A.2: Fluid and Heat Exchanger Properties at 50°C and 27°C

Mass flowrate of both streams are calculated from volumetric flow rate. Heat loss and heat
gain as well as the overall heat loss are then calculated.
ṁℎ𝑜𝑡 (𝑘𝑔/𝑠) ṁ𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑 (𝑘𝑔/𝑠) 𝑄̇ℎ𝑜𝑡 (𝐽/𝑠) 𝑄̇𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑 (𝐽/𝑠) 𝑄̇𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 (𝐽/𝑠)
0.263 0.133 12337.656 9995.399 2342.257
0.263 0.199 14650.967 13493.789 1157.178
0.263 0.233 15972.858 14090.736 1882.122
0.263 0.299 16743.962 17117.121 373.159
0.263 0.332 16964.277 17630.773 666.496
0.263 0.365 18176.011 18935.728 759.717
Table 13A.3: Calculation for mass flowrate and heat loss.
Sample Calculations:

To calculate mass flow rate:

a) Mass flow rate of hot stream

ṁℎ𝑜𝑡 = 𝜌 𝑣
ṁℎ𝑜𝑡 = (988.02 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 )(16 𝐿/𝑚𝑖𝑛)(1𝑚𝑖𝑛/60𝑠) (1𝑚3 /1000𝐿)
ṁℎ𝑜𝑡 = 0.263𝑘𝑔/𝑠

b) Mass flow rate of cold stream

ṁ𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑 = 𝜌 𝑣
ṁℎ𝑜𝑡 = (996.59 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 )(12 𝐿/𝑚𝑖𝑛)(1𝑚𝑖𝑛/60𝑠) (1𝑚3 /1000𝐿)
ṁℎ𝑜𝑡 = 0.133𝑘𝑔/𝑠

To calculate heat loss:

a) Heat loss from hot stream

𝑄̇ℎ𝑜𝑡 = ṁℎ𝑜𝑡 𝑐𝑝 (𝑇ℎ,𝑖𝑛 − 𝑇ℎ,𝑜𝑢𝑡 )
𝑘𝑔 𝐽
𝑄̇ℎ𝑜𝑡 = (0.263 ) (4181 ) (323.15 − 311.95)𝐾
𝑠 𝑘𝑔. 𝐾
𝑄̇ℎ𝑜𝑡 = 12337.656𝑊

b) Heat gain by cold stream

𝑄̇𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑 = ṁ𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑐𝑝 (𝑇𝑐,𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝑇𝑐,𝑖𝑛 )
𝑘𝑔 𝐽
𝑄̇𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑 = (0.132 ) (4179 ) (319.05 − 301.05)𝐾
𝑠 𝑘𝑔. 𝐾
𝑄̇𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑 = 9995.399𝑊

c) Overall heat loss

𝑄̇𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 𝑄̇ℎ𝑜𝑡 − 𝑄̇𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑
𝑄̇𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 12337.656𝑊 − 9995.399𝑊
𝑄̇𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 2342.257𝑊
Thermal efficiencies of both streams as well as the log mean temperature difference (ΔTlm)
are evaluated. Overall efficiency and overall heat transfer coefficient are then calculated.
∆𝑇𝑙𝑚 (𝐾) 𝜂ℎ (%) 𝜂𝑐 (%) 𝜂𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 (%) 𝜀(%) U (W/𝑚2 𝐾)
6.95 50.68 81.45 66.06 81.02 1497.472
7.36 59.91 72.97 66.44 92.1 1909.681
7.69 66.22 65.32 65.77 88.22 1908.121
7.85 68.16 61.43 64.80 97.82 2270.396
7.96 69.68 57.47 63.57 96.22 2305.877
8.49 71.43 53.70 62.55 95.99 2323.668
Table 13A.4: Calculation for log mean temperature difference, efficiency and overall
heat transfer
Sample Calculations:
To calculate log mean temperature difference:

∆𝑇1 = 𝑇ℎ,𝑖𝑛 − 𝑇𝑐,𝑜𝑢𝑡

∆𝑇1 = 323.15𝐾 − 319.05𝐾
∆𝑇1 = 4.1𝐾

∆𝑇2 = 𝑇ℎ,𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝑇𝑐,𝑖𝑛

∆𝑇2 = 311.95 − 301.05𝐾
∆𝑇2 = 10.9𝐾

∆𝑇1 − ∆𝑇2
∆𝑇𝑙𝑚 =
𝐼𝑛(∆𝑇1 /∆𝑇2)
4.1𝐾 − 10.9𝐾
∆𝑇𝑙𝑚 =
𝐼𝑛(4.1𝐾/10.9𝐾)
∆𝑇𝑙𝑚 = 6.95𝐾

To calculate thermal efficiency:

a) Efficiency of hot stream

𝑇ℎ,𝑖𝑛 − 𝑇ℎ,𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝜂ℎ𝑜𝑡 =
(𝑇ℎ,𝑖𝑛 − 𝑇𝑐,𝑖𝑛 )
50.0℃ − 38.8℃
𝜂ℎ𝑜𝑡 = 𝑥 100%
50.0℃ − 27.9℃
𝜂ℎ𝑜𝑡 = 50.67%
b) Efficiency of cold stream

𝑇𝑐,𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝑇𝑐,𝑖𝑛
𝜂ℎ𝑜𝑡 = 𝑥 100%
(𝑇ℎ,𝑖𝑛 − 𝑇𝑐,𝑖𝑛 )
45.9℃ − 27.9℃
𝜂ℎ𝑜𝑡 =
50.0℃ − 27.9℃
𝜂𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑 = 81.45%
c) Mean efficiency

𝜂ℎ + 𝜂𝑐
𝜂𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 =
2
50.67% + 81.45%
𝜂𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 =
2
𝜂𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 66.06%

To calculate heat transfer efficiency:

𝑄𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑,𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝜀=
𝑄ℎ𝑜𝑡,𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠
9995.399𝑊
𝜀=
12337.656𝑊
𝜀 = 81.02%

To calculate overall heat transfer coefficient:

𝑄̇
𝑈=
𝐴𝑠 ∆𝑇𝑙𝑚

9995.399𝑊
𝑈=
(0.96𝑚2 )(6.95𝐾)

𝑊
𝑈 = 1497.472
𝑚2 𝐾
Physical properties of hot and cold-water streams are evaluated using property table of water
at its respective temperature. Hydraulic diameter, cross-sectional area and surface area are
also specified for the plate heat exchanger model of HE200.
Fluid & Pipe Properties Cold Stream (t1 = 27 °C) Hot Stream (T1 = 50 °C)
Viscosity, μ (kg/m.s) 0.000852 0.000547
Viscosity, μw (kg/m.s) 0.000852 0.000547
Specific Heat Capacity, Cp (J/kg.K) 4179 4181
Thermal Conductivity, kf (W/m.K) 0.6118 0.62
Density, ρ (kg/m3) 996.59 988.02
Prandlt Number, Pr 5.8197254 3.688720968
Hydraulic Diameter, de (m) 0.6102 0.6102
Cross-Sectional Area, Ac (m2) 0.0036 0.0036
Surface Area, As (m2) 0.96 0.96
Table 13A.5: Fluid and Heat Exchanger Properties at 50°C and 27°C

The overall efficiencies and coefficients for effect of cold-water flowrate are calculated,
results are tabulated as shown in Table 13A.6.
Cold-water Mass Reynold’s Plate Coefficient, Heat Transfer
flowrate (L/min) flowrate Number, Re hp (W/m2.K) Coefficient, U
(kg/s) (W/m2.K)
8 0.133333333 26525.8216 1583.129183 1498.111361
12 0.2 39788.73239 2060.514491 1909.786713
16 0.266666667 53051.64319 2484.195965 1908.693108
18 0.3 59683.09859 2681.853138 2271.380175
20 0.333333333 66314.55399 2871.953212 2307.209616
22 0.366666667 72946.00939 3055.502235 2323.288182
Table 13A.6: Calculation of Efficiencies and Coefficients for various Flowrate of Cold
Stream
Sample calculations:
To convert volumetric flowrate in L/min to kg/s:
8𝐿 1𝑚𝑖𝑛 1𝑚3 1000𝑘𝑔
Cold Stream: 𝑉 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 × × 1000𝐿 × = 0.133333333 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
60𝑠 1𝑚3
To calculate Prandlt Number, Pr:
𝐶𝑝 𝜇 (4179𝐽𝑘𝑔−1 𝐾 −1 )(0.000852𝑘𝑔𝑚−1 𝑠 −1 )
𝑃𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑 = = = 5.8197254
𝑘𝑓 (0.6118𝑊𝑚−2 𝐾 −1 )

To calculate Reynold’s Number, Re:

0.133333333 𝑘𝑔
𝐺𝑝 𝑑𝑒 ( 𝑠 )(0.6102𝑚)
𝑅𝑒 = = = 26525.8216
𝜇 2 0.000852𝑘𝑔
(0.0036𝑚 )( )
𝑚. 𝑠

To calculate Plate Coefficient, hp (W/m2.K):

𝜇 0.1
0.26𝑅𝑒 0.65 𝑃𝑟 0.4 (𝜇 ) 4𝑘𝑓
𝑤
ℎ𝑝 =
𝑑𝑒

0.000852 0.1 0.6118𝑊

(0.26)(26525.8216)0.65 (5.8197254)0.4 ( ) (4)( )
ℎ𝑝 =
0.000852 𝑚2 . 𝐾
0.6102𝑚

ℎ𝑝 = 1583.129183 𝑊𝑚2 𝐾 −1

To calculate overall heat transfer coefficient:

𝑄̇
𝑈=
𝐴𝑠 ∆𝑇𝑙𝑚

9995.399 𝑊
𝑈=
(0.96𝑚2 )(6.95𝐾)

𝑊
𝑈 = 1498.111361
𝑚2 𝐾
 Appendix 13B
Experimental data and results are tabulated as shown in Table 13B.1. Sample calculations are
made only for the volumetric flowrate of cold stream = 8 L/min.

Table 13B.1: Experimental Result

Sample Calculations:
To convert volumetric flowrate in L/min to m3/s:
16𝐿 1𝑚𝑖𝑛 1𝑚3
Hot Stream: 𝑉 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 × × 1000𝐿 = 0.0002666667𝑚3 /𝑠
60𝑠

8𝐿 1𝑚𝑖𝑛 1𝑚3
Cold Stream: 𝑉 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 × × 1000𝐿 = 0.000133333𝑚3 /𝑠
60𝑠

Physical properties of hot and cold-water streams are evaluated using property table of water
at its respective temperature. Hydraulic diameter, cross-sectional area and surface area are
also specified for the plate heat exchanger model of HE200.

Table 13B.2: Fluid and Heat Exchanger Properties at 51°C and 27°C
𝐶𝑝 𝜇 (4179𝐽𝑘𝑔−1 𝐾 −1 )(0.000833𝑘𝑔𝑚−1 𝑠 −1 )
𝑃𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑 = = = 5.68994
𝑘𝑓 (0.6118𝑊𝑚−2 𝐾 −1 )
Mass flowrate of both streams are calculated. Heat loss and heat gain as well as thermal
efficiencies of both streams are evaluated. The overall heat loss and log mean temperature
difference (ΔTlm) of both streams are then calculated.

Table 13B.3: Calculation of Heat Loss and Thermal Efficiencies of Hot Stream and
Cold Stream
Sample Calculations:
0.0002666667𝑚3 987.56𝑘𝑔
𝑚ℎ𝑜𝑡 = × = 0.263349𝑘𝑔/𝑠
𝑠 𝑚3
0.263349𝑘𝑔 4181𝐽
𝑄𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠,ℎ𝑜𝑡 = 𝑚𝐶𝑝 (𝑇ℎ,𝑖𝑛 − 𝑇ℎ,𝑜𝑢𝑡 ) = ( )( ) (50.5 − 41.9)𝐾 = 9469.1𝑊
𝑠 𝑘𝑔. 𝐾
(𝑇ℎ,𝑖𝑛 − 𝑇ℎ,𝑜𝑢𝑡 ) (50.5 − 41.9)
ƞℎ𝑜𝑡 = = = 0.352
(𝑇ℎ,𝑖𝑛 − 𝑇𝑐,𝑖𝑛 ) (50.5 − 26.1)
0.000133333𝑚3 996.31𝑘𝑔
𝑚𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑 = × = 0.132841𝑘𝑔/𝑠
𝑠 𝑚3
0.132841𝑘𝑔 4179𝐽
𝑄𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛,𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑 = 𝑚𝐶𝑝 (𝑇𝑐,𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝑇𝑐,𝑖𝑛 ) = ( )( ) (40.6 − 26.1)𝐾 = 8049.6𝑊
𝑠 𝑘𝑔. 𝐾
(𝑇𝑐,𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝑇𝑐,𝑖𝑛 ) (40.6 − 26.1)
ƞ𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑 = = = 0.594
(𝑇ℎ,𝑖𝑛 − 𝑇𝑐,𝑖𝑛 ) (50.5 − 26.1)
𝑄𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠,𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 𝑄𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠,ℎ𝑜𝑡 − 𝑄𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛,𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑 = (9469.1 − 8049.6)𝑊 = 1419.5𝑊
(𝑇1 − 𝑡2 ) − (𝑇2 − 𝑡1 ) (50.5 − 40.6) − (41.9 − 26.1)
∆𝑇𝑙𝑚 = = = 12.62℃
(𝑇1 − 𝑡2 ) (50.5 − 40.6)
ln ln
(𝑇2 − 𝑡1 ) (41.9 − 26.1)
The overall efficiencies and coefficients are calculated, results are tabulated as shown in
Table 13B.4.

Table 13B.4: Calculation of Efficiencies and Coefficients for various Flowrate of Cold
Stream
Sample Calculations:
𝑄𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑,𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 8049.6𝑊
𝜀= = = 0.85
𝑄ℎ𝑜𝑡,𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 9469.1𝑊
𝜂ℎ + 𝜂𝐶 (0.352 + 0.594)
𝜂𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 = = = 0.473
2 2
𝑄𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛,𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑 8049.6𝑊
𝑈= = = 664.4𝑊𝑚−2 ℃−1
𝐴𝑠 . ∆𝑇𝑙𝑚 (0.96𝑚2 )(12.62℃)

0.132841𝑘𝑔
𝐺𝑝 𝑑𝑒 ( )(0.6102𝑚)
𝑅𝑒 = = 𝑠 = 27030.7
𝜇 0.000833𝑘𝑔
(0.0036𝑚2 )( )
𝑚. 𝑠
𝜇 0.1
0.26𝑅𝑒 0.65 𝑃𝑟 0.4 (𝜇 ) 4𝑘𝑓
𝑤
ℎ𝑝 =
𝑑𝑒

0.000833 0.1 0.6118𝑊

(0.26)(27030.7)0.65 (5.68994)0.4 (0.000833) (4)( )
ℎ𝑝 = 𝑚2 . 𝐾
0.6102𝑚

ℎ𝑝 = 1588.3𝑊𝑚2 𝐾 −1