PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Urban flooding leads to developed catchments, which increases the flood peaks from 1.8 to

8 times and flood volumes by up to 6 times. Consequently, flooding occurs very quickly due to

faster flow times (in a matter of minutes). Urban areas are densely populated and people living in

vulnerable areas suffer due to flooding. Flood is an overflow of water onto a normally dry land.

The inundation of a normally dry area caused by rising of water in an existing waterway such as

river, stream, or drainage ditch. Pounding of water at or near the point where the rain fell. Floods

can arise in a number of ways that are not directly related to ongoing weather events. Zameer, A.

et.al, (2013)

According to Gupta (2016) flooding in urban areas is caused by intense and/or prolonged

rainfall, which overwhelms the capacity of the drainage system. Cities are densely populated,

and an urban flood affects a large number of people in a very small area. In addition, an urban

flood results in inundation and damage to vital infrastructure, and disruption to roads and

services, thereby affecting all walks of life. It often leads to major economic losses which have

both local and global implications. Outbreak of diseases is yet another hazard after a major urban

flood. Flooding may occur in which the water overtops or breaks levee, resulting in some of the

water to escape its boundaries or it may occur due to an accumulation of rainwater on saturated

ground in an aerial flood. Floods result from a number of basic causes. Excessively heavy or

prolonged rainfall is the most common universal cause of floods. Floods depend on the

morphology and operation of fluvial systems. The combined effect of these two variable controls

the sensitivity of fluvial landforms to change during floods.

 Surigao City often experienced rainy days which worried the Surigaonons. It is a big

concern for the people in Surigao City, especially those areas that are prone to floods. It brings

hassle to the people who lived in the city because it affects the transportation system and causes

flood related illness. In connection, the researchers were prompted to conduct a study in Emilio

Yuipco Street because there is a need in terms of their river banks improvements .With this

study, the researchers come up with a structural plan solution to help lessen the sufferings of the

residents living in near the river bank of Emileo Yuipco Street. The researchers would give time

to conduct a site inspection and interview the Brgy officials in that area.

The river bank that is Located in Emilio Yuipco Street is prone to the immediate rising of

flood and is one of the problems faced by the people living in that area. They had already

experienced the rising of water, which caused them inconvenience, especially to the children

who are going to school, and even adults who needed to go to their day to day jobs. They also

suffered from the stinky smell of the garbage brought by the flood.
 Conceptual framework of the Study

Flood is considered as one of the most leading disasters that does not only damages the

lives of the people but it also destroys homes, properties and lands that eventually affects both in

social and economic aspect. Flood could be caused either due to natural calamities or man made

errors. Some of the natural causes of floods comes from continuous heavy rainfall, flooding of

rivers and typhoons which can bring a massive damage throughout the land. In addition floods

are caused in areas where there is excessive downpour. It is essential to build a good defense

plan in rivers to secure sector institutions and deal effectively with likely future challenges.

The most important use of a flood control defense is to allow the flow of water to prevent

accumulation that can lead to flooding.

Several urban areas have suffered from severe floods that have cost lives of people and

animals, resulted in loss of property and other valuable assets and destruction of soil and plants.

Water accumulated for days at a particular place also results in the outbreak of various diseases.

When the condition is severe, it thus disturbs the normal life of people living in the flooded

areas. The irony is that there are certain areas that are hit by flood frequently and even though the

government is aware about the problem, proper measures are not being taken to overcome it. The

government must build good river defense plan to control this problem.

In the Philippines which is known as one of the most at risk for disasters including floods

have created a law to provide solution in resolving problems about flooding. The Republic Act

No. 6613 (1998) serves as the amendment to adopt modern scientific methods over typhoons in

order to prevent destruction by floods, rains and droughts, creating a council on typhoon

moderation and flood control research and development, providing for its powers and functions
and appropriating funds. It is declared to be the policy of the State to adopt a typhoon moderation

and flood control research and development program for moderating typhoons by reducing their

intensity and minimizing the destructive effects of floods, rains and droughts through scientific

means, for the purpose of preventing widespread devastation to property and protecting the

people and security of the nation.

To carry out the foregoing policy, the government undertakes research on the structure,

development and motion of typhoons as to improve means of predicting typhoons and

consequential floods that gather and organize climatologically and hydrological data for flood

prevention control. Along with this DPWH (Department of Public Works and Highways)

currently works for the planning, design, construction and maintenance of infrastructure, especially the

national highways, flood control and water resources development system, and other public works in

accordance with national development objectives of the country. DPWH have set design guidelines,

criteria and standards often called as (DGCS). DGCS presents revisions of the different guidelines

introducing the industry’s best practice design for public infrastructures adoptable to the local

requirements particularly on flood control.

Based from DGCS Volume 3 Water Engineering Projects (2015) the following requirements are

used for structural analysis towards developing a plan for flood control. These are illustrated on the

Framework of the Study in Figure 1 Schematic Diagram. The first box represents the Criteria in

designing a Flood Control Structural Development Plan and these includes the Design loads,

hydraulic and structural analysis, structural details, construction methodology, and economy. The

second box presents as the basis regarding for the acceptability level of the designed structural

plan such as aesthetic and functionality, environmental condition, drawing details and location.

They are used to critique the evidence of the design by the experts in the field of Civil engineers.
Meanwhile, the output box represents as the outcome of this study, which is the flood control

structural design for the river bank located in Emilio Yuipco Street, Surigao City.
 OUTPUT
The Acceptability level of
Criteria in designing a the Designed Structural
Flood Control Structural Plan  Flood Control
Defense Plan
 Aesthetic and Structural
 Design loads Development Plan
Functionality
 Hydraulic and  Environmental for Kaskag river,
structural analysis Surigao Cty
Condition
 Structural Details  Drawing details
 Construction
 Location
Methodology
 Economy

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of the Study

 Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to create a plan and design a flood water control defense structural plan in

kaskag Street, Surigao City. To lessen the rise of the water level (flood) during heavy rainfall.

Specifically, the study sought to answer the following questions:

1. The criteria in designing a Flood Control Structural Defense Plan

1.1 Design loads;

1.2 Hydraulic and Structural analyses,

1.3 Structural details,

1.4 Construction methodology,

1.5 Economy

2. The acceptability level of the designed structural plan

2.1 Aesthetic and functionality;

2.2 Environmental condition,

2.3 Drawing details,

2.4 Location

3. Base from the findings of the study, what (flood control structural) design may be

proposed?
 Assumption

The researchers presented the flood control structural plan on how to control flood problems

and develop a new design for the flood defenses by the presentation of the design, including the

important documents in the investigation of the cause and effect problem, and the construction

cost estimate that will determine the total cost of the study.

Significance of the Study

The findings of the study would be significant to the community and the neighborhood

that suffers from the rapid increase of flood. Specifically, this would bring benefits to the

following:

Department of Public Works and Highways. It would help them to have an idea about improving

and develop the flood control defence located in Emilio Yuipco Street. This study would be used

as their reference in the future.

The residents living in Emilio Yuipco Street, Surigao City. This proposed structural defense plan

to control the rapid increase of flood is beneficial to them because with this study it would help

to protect the people in the bad effects of flooding such as disruption of services, health impacts

such as diseases, and the convenience of the people in their everyday living.

Future researchers. This study would be used as a reference to develop their future research.
 Scope and Limitation of the Study

The location of the Flood Control Structural Development Plan only covers the river

bank located in Emilio Yuipco Street Surigao City. The study is limited by the following

parameters which include Dikes, Revetments, floodway, detension structures, and Cut off

Channel. It focused on the flow of water in the river in that area. This study was conducted

during the first semester of the school year 2019 - 2020.

Definition of Terms