EEE 471

Power System Analysis

Lecture 06 – Network Equations

Meng Wu (mwu@asu.edu)
School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering
Arizona State University
Spring 2019
January 18, 2019

© 2019 Meng Wu
 Announcements
• Please read Chapter 2.4 of the textbook.
• HW 1 due on Jan 18, 2019 (Friday), 11:59 PM
MST.
• HW 2 due on Jan 25, 2019 (Friday), 11:59 PM
MST.

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 Outline

• Network equations.

3
 Network Equations
• Common method for network analysis is based
upon nodal analysis.
• Nodal analysis is based upon Kirchhoff’s current
law: “the sum of currents entering a node must
equal 0”.

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Steps to Write Network / Nodal Equations
1. For a circuit with (N+1) nodes (buses), select one
node as the reference node (node 0). Define all the
other nodal voltages with respect to reference node
(𝑉1 = 𝑉10 , 𝑉2 = 𝑉20 , … , 𝑉𝑛 = 𝑉𝑛0 ).
2. Convert all voltage sources to current sources.
3. Replace all Z’s by Y’s.

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 Network Admittance Matrix
4. Write down network / nodal equations in matrix form:

✓ Diagonal Terms:
𝑌𝑖𝑖 = sum of all admittances connected to Bus 𝑖.

✓ Off-Diagonal Terms:
𝑌𝑖𝑗 = - (sum of all admittances connected between Bus 𝑖 and 𝑗, 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗)
𝑌𝑖𝑗 = 0 (if no admittance is connected between Bus 𝑖 and 𝑗, 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗)
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 Steps to Write Network / Nodal Equations
4. Write down network / nodal equations in matrix form:

Matrix form:
𝑰Ԧ = 𝒀 𝑽

• Matrix 𝒀 is defined as network admittance matrix.

• Matrix 𝒁 = 𝒀−1 is defined as network impedance matrix
• 𝒀 and 𝒁 are symmetric matrices: 𝑌𝑖𝑗 = 𝑌𝑗𝑖 , 𝑍𝑖𝑗 = 𝑍𝑗𝑖
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 Network Equation Example

• Determine network equations of the above circuit.

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 Network Equation Example
Node 2 j0.5
Node 1 -j0.33
Node 3
j0.1 -j1
j1 j0.25
+ + +
ES1 ES2 ES3
- - -
Reference node 0
-j2 S=1/(j0.5)
1 j3 S=1/(-j0.33) 2 3
j1 S=1/(-j1)

I1 -j10 S I2 -j1 S
I3
=1/(j0.1) =1/(j1)
-j4 S
0 =1/(j0.25) 9
 Network Equation Example
-j2 S=1/(j0.5)
1 j3 S=1/(-j0.33) 2 3 Matrix form:
j1 S=1/(-j1) 𝑰Ԧ = 𝒀 𝑽

I1 -j10 S I2 -j1 S
I3
=1/(j0.1) =1/(j1)
-j4 S
0 =1/(j0.25)
𝑌𝑖𝑖 = sum of all admittances connected to Bus 𝑖.
𝑌𝑖𝑗 = - (sum of all admittances connected between Bus 𝑖 and 𝑗, 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗)

𝑌11 = 𝑦10 + 𝑦12 + 𝑦13 = −𝑗10 + 𝑗3 + 0 = −𝑗7 S Parallel admittance:

𝑌12 = −𝑦12 = − 𝑗3 = −𝑗3 S, 𝑌21 = 𝑌12 𝑦1 // 𝑦2 //…//𝑦𝑛 = 𝑦1 + 𝑦2 + ⋯ + 𝑦𝑛
𝑌13 = 0 S, 𝑌31 = 𝑌13
𝑌22 = 𝑦20 + 𝑦21 + 𝑦23 = −𝑗1 + 𝑗3 + [(−𝑗2) // (j1)] = −𝑗1 + −𝑗3 + [ −j2 + (j1)]
= j1 S
𝑌23 = −𝑦23 = − −𝑗2 // j1 = − −j2 + j1 = j1 S, 𝑌32 = 𝑌23
𝑌33 = 𝑦30 + 𝑦31 + 𝑦32 = −𝑗4 + 0 + −𝑗2 // j1 = −𝑗4 + 0 + −j2 + j1 =10−j5 S
 Network Equation Example
-j2 S=1/(j0.5)
1 j3 S=1/(-j0.33) 2 3 Matrix form:
j1 S=1/(-j1) 𝑰Ԧ = 𝒀 𝑽

I1 -j10 S I2 -j1 S
I3
=1/(j0.1) =1/(j1)
-j4 S
0 =1/(j0.25)
𝑌𝑖𝑖 = sum of all admittances connected to Bus 𝑖.
𝑌𝑖𝑗 = - (sum of all admittances connected between Bus 𝑖 and 𝑗, 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗)

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 Example 2
(a) Given the circuit diagram in the Figure below showing admittances and current
sources at nodes 3 and 4, set up the nodal equation in matrix form. (b) If the
parameters are given by: ya = -j0.8 S, yb = -j4.0 S, yc = -j4.0 S, yd = -j8.0 S, ye = -
j5.0 S, yf = -j2.5 S, yg = -j8.0 S, I3 = 1.0-900 A, and I4 = 0.62-1350 A, set up the
nodal equations and suggest how you would go about solving for the voltages at the
nodes.
No current source at bus 1 and bus 2
2
yb ye

yc yd yf

3 4

ya yg
I3 I4

Reference 12
 Example 2 No current source
yb
2
ye at bus 1 and bus 2

yc yd yf

3 4

ya yg
I3 I4

Reference

𝑌𝑖𝑖 = sum of all admittances connected to Bus 𝑖.

𝑌𝑖𝑗 = - (sum of all admittances connected between Bus 𝑖 and 𝑗, 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗)

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 Example 2
2
yb ye

yc yd yf

3 4

ya yg
I3 I4

Reference

ya = -j0.8 S, yb = -j4.0 S, yc = -j4.0 S, yd = -j8.0 S, ye = -j5.0 S, yf = -j2.5 S, yg = -j8.0 S,

I3 = 1.0-900 A, and I4 = 0.62-1350 A

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 Example 2
2
yb ye

yc yd yf

3 4

ya yg
I3 I4

Reference

ya = -j0.8 S, yb = -j4.0 S, yc = -j4.0 S, yd = -j8.0 S, ye = -j5.0 S, yf = -j2.5 S, yg = -j8.0 S,

I3 = 1.0-900 A, and I4 = 0.62-1350 A
• Nodal Voltages:

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 Example 2
2
yb ye

yc yd yf

3 4

ya yg
I3 I4

Reference

ya = -j0.8 S, yb = -j4.0 S, yc = -j4.0 S, yd = -j8.0 S, ye = -j5.0 S, yf = -j2.5 S, yg = -j8.0 S,

I3 = 1.0-900 A, and I4 = 0.62-1350 A
−1
𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠 = 𝑌𝑏𝑢𝑠 𝐼𝑏𝑢𝑠
• Nodal Voltages:

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 Example 2
2
yb ye

yc yd yf

3 4

ya yg
I3 I4

Reference

ya = -j0.8 S, yb = -j4.0 S, yc = -j4.0 S, yd = -j8.0 S, ye = -j5.0 S, yf = -j2.5 S, yg = -j8.0 S,

I3 = 1.0-900 A, and I4 = 0.62-1350 A
−1
• Nodal Voltages: 𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠 = 𝑌𝑏𝑢𝑠 𝐼𝑏𝑢𝑠

This is how a
large-scale
circuit is solved
using computer
software.
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 Outline

• Network equations.

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 Acknowledgement

• The lecture slides are developed based on the EEE 471

(Arizona State University) lecture slides of Dr. Vijay
Vittal, and ECEN 460 (Texas A&M University) lecture
slides of Dr. Thomas J. Overbye.

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