The Cerebrum Dr.

Ong
Cerebral Hemispheres Broca s area ‒ (inferior to the precentral gyrus) Dominant
Largest portion of the human brain hemisphere, Expressive area for speech
Appear as highly convoluted masses of gray matter, Supplementary motor area ‒ contralateral head and eye turning
Gyri (folds) Prefrontal area ‒ Personality, inhibition, plans, hopes, dreams
Sulci (fissures)
Permit a large area of cortex to be contained in the cranial Parietal Lobe - Aphasia
vault. (2.5 sq ft) Extends from the central sulcus to the pareito-occipital fissure
Postcentral gyrus ‒ immediately after the central sulcus
Cerebral Cortex Superior Parietal lobule
Consist of 6 lobes on each side Inferior parietal lobule:
Frontal Supramarginal gyrus
Parietal Angular gyrus
Temporal Receptive language area where auditory and visual aspects of
Occipital comprehension are integrated
Insular ‒ inside the temporal lobe Temporal lobe
Limbic ‒ not an anatomical lobe; a functional lobe Lies below the sylvian fissure
To identify the lobes of the brain, Superior temporal gyrus
Middle temporal gyrus
Main sulci / fissures ‒ demarcations or landmarks that separate Inferior temporal gyrus
the lobes of the brain On the undersurface, inferior extension of the superior
Medial longitudinal fissure ‒ runs from front to the back of the temporal gyrus, inferior extension of the middle temporal
brain gyrus, and the inferior extension of the inferior temporal
From frontal to occipital gyrus. Then the uncus and the parahippocampal gyrus, which
separates the brain into the L and R hemispheres is anatomically part of the temporal lobe but functionally part
Central fissure of Rolando of the limbic system.
Separate frontal from parietal lobe Primary auditory cortex
U shaped gyri(pre and post central gyri) Receives input from the cochlea of both ears
Lateral (Sylvian) Fissure Damage results in pure word deafness
separate from the temporal from the frontal and parietal lobes Irritative lesions cause buzzing and roaring sensations
Insula ‒ lies deep within the sylvian fissure Associative auditory complex
Parieto ‒ occipital fissure
separates the parietal from the occipital lobe and the temporal Occipital Lobe
lobe Situated behind parieto-occipital fissure
If you cut the brain in half, through the central longitudinal fissure, More importantly, if you look at the medial surface, the occipital
there is a mass of white matter running transversely; the corpus lobe is divided by the Calcarine fissure
callosum Divides the medial surface of the occipital lobe into the cuneus
and lingual gyrus
Cerebral Cortex: Corpus Callosum Striate cortex
Great white commissure Situated on the banks of the calcarine fissure
Large myelinated and nonmyelinated fibers that crosses the Contains a light band of myelinated fibers
median longitudinal fissure and connects both hemispheres Primary Visual cortex
Integrate the activity of the 2 hemispheres and permits them to Visual association areas
communicate with each other Damage results in:
otherwise there will be a disconnection syndrome Contralateral homonymous defects of the visual field

Frontal lobe ‒ sitting on top of the eyes and nose Limbic lobe
Extends from the frontal pole(frontal tip of the brain) to the Composed of a loop/circuit among the following structures:
central sulcus and lateral fissure Cingulate gyrus
Precentral gyrus ‒ before the central gyrus Fornix
Superior frontal gyrus ‒ highest part Mamillary body
Middle frontal gyrus Amygdala
Inferior frontal gyrus - lowest Parahippocampal gyrus
Medial Surface Hippocampus
Superior frontal gyri Plays a central role in behavior
Paracentral lobule ‒ little extension of precentral gyrus when it Regulation of autonomic function
extends toward the midline Memory and learning
Cingulate sulcus ‒ separating the rest of the structures of the
Cingulate gyrus
Cingulate gyrus ‒ hugs the corpus callosum (sitting on top of it)
anatomically part of the frontal lobe, functionally connected to
the limbic system
Paracentral lobule ‒ cortical inhibition of bladder and bowel
voiding
Orbital surface ‒ lesions that affect the inferior portion manifest
with anosmia initially
Orbital Gyri
Gyrus rectus
Olfactory bulb
Olfactory nerve
Functional areas of the Frontal Lobe
Precentral gyrus ‒ Motor cortex