Mass Transfer Operations 2

Satyam Saxena
 Yadav
Dr .

Vijay Lammi

Mass Transfer Operations 2

separation
Processes

I
-
v

Rate Governed Equilibrium Based

)
1ajorIpiE ① Solid ⑨ GG Brown
: 's:3:
"
.
-

Liquid entraaion min

8. is::::÷m÷::÷ ③ Bn -

. Dutta

30 Midem t 60 Endsem t 10 (Assignments etc )

#

SOLID -

LIQUID EXTRACTION
-

I
o o
④
too
:oi- -
Extract

egsnaee
feed

a
consists

&
of species
is

.me?:::m.:ciin
.

:: : i:÷÷÷:÷m

Solvent be
should cheap non toxic low viscous selective
for the solute
-

, , ,

Monty avoid chlorinated

we
solvents .

Extraction
→
Diffusional
→ Washing Extraction

→
Leaching
→
Chemical Extraction
decoying solutes from of
:

solids organic nature -

Rate
of depends
SLE on
: SLE vs .
Dissolution

(1) Physical characteristics

of the solid SLE involves partial dissolution

&) h ' ' ' ' ' '

solvent

(3) Temperature
(4) Agitation
''

i' Tinian:* SOLVENT

b effective of
thickness liq .

film surrounding particles

, concentration in bulk solution
of time t
at
y
salute

corresponding to
Cs concentration
of saturated solution in contact with the
particles (
surface
M mass
of solute
transferred
in time t concentrating
'
U
diffusion coefficient

( Cs ) Total V
Wtf
c

did of
volume solution is
-

Vdc
DM =

VDI = -
- - - -

dt

"
I:÷= ! a-

th
( csg-e.co#--k'A- Vb
t
'

f
C. = O
pure solvent -

C=Cs[l-enpt"%D Limited to the condition when

only diffusion
mass

offered by
Ah resistance
transfer is
operating .
is
film .
⑨ In a Pilot scale
using
a vessel Im
'
in volume
,
a solute was leached from an

inert solid & the water was 751 .

saturated in 10 seconds
If in
. a
full scale unit
,

500 soluble ? Weis

'

kg of the solid
containing
28 I
by y the agitated with
-

inert .
mass water loom

how
of water
,
long will it talk
for all salute to dissolve
assuming
conditions a re

those in the
pilot scale Water saturated @ 2-5
by /m3 (Cs)
equiv . to . is .

Wed
⑥ Particles
having an
avg diag 2mm are in a bath
type apparatus
Concentration
of solute A in the solvent is
kept approximately
A 3.11 hours available sodllte
constant .
time
of
is needed to teach 807 .

of from
the solvent .

Assuming that the

diffusion of solid is
controlling &
effective diffusivity
is constant calculate the time
of leaching if the
particle size is reduced to
-

1- 5mm .

⑦
Easy problem .

Pof_¥forsLE_
°

MTO Panda
Refer

Solid
•

liquid contactors

{
-

fixed bed
contacting
Dispersed contact in
agitated
tank or vessel .

(
f
3-4
Recycle timed solvent

↳
"*

i:*::* .
na

bottom stake bottom )

t t -
perforated
Solvent t solute (some past)
 solvent

T has
Every basket
got solid
feed & is
receiving
O D
fresh solvent -

Large seo

€_
rsasnees scale fixes

Tf D

FEE (c )

④
V v
Ei
Ez E3

""" ↳

,
C
,
Cz ↳

→
RAFFINATE ( R)

Continuous Multiple Stages

Single Contact Method Garment

mostly C, =
Cz= Cz

K
be
can
proved that Eif Ri a re in
egsbm .

(i =
1,2, 3 - -
-

line
(Edina) Ez Es joining Ei & Ri on

plot is the tie line

.

÷i÷÷÷;÷m
FYI
.in/;9--:Eem.in ! §
 C
TRIANGULAR DIAGRAMS

D D
A →
solute

Ii::
'

A
B
more
complete
#

1YJanuany2o2€
SOLID LIQUID EXTRACTION

Takes
Decoction
place @ boiling point of solvent
-

-
-

c solvent
salute in R, =
solute in E,

±± ←±
¥
- -

solvent solvent

②
' '

from
- - - - - -

If
-

for all the

' -
- - -

points
'

line C
-

we draw a on

aw aw
, way , consume .

. µ .. . . ,m , .am , ,
solid (inert)

A
B

incstlwlid some
@ for any
line drawn
from B
,
all the points
will

have constant ratio salute to solvent It

corresponds
of
.

to a tie line -

③ for any line drawn from A ,

inert to solid ratio is constant at all
points .

C
④ Any line
parallel to AC will have the
composition

⑦
solid
of constant
-

Os
::: ; 'm: ;www.g.eaorasii-oa
A
B
 C
solid
constant °
B from l -
A -
c

i÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷
'
lines
from
n
B also method
°

n
-
shown .

;
i
,
i
.

A value
:÷÷ A
B

me::.hn?E;z:.m;rmonone
a

A tie
B
n
.
line
joins
the
compositions of
streams
leaving
They
be
stage egbm
a must in
.
.

C (fohent)

§
Extract layer Usually either
of
the tuo holds true :

/
,

② solvent =
constant =p
solid

② away ,
ammo ,

g
solid
A
B
( solute ,
chest)

CASEDisdqendt-conkcr.pe NBR -
R
=

n →
I
compost
of raffinose layer dropping R nomenclature ra HB
- =
-

no
-

extract
layer HI =p tramps
y of =p
- -

compas
NB NB

or NB
=

l-RA_
I t
p
 for O Nc pups P(l-na)_
Ppt
na
= =
=
=
,

) Ptl

PcNc =

ptl

§
for
sgfgqt
since this line , is constant ,

p÷
,
y this is
going to be the
raygnase came .

CAsC@=qlutiar=comtant c

÷÷÷÷:
"

..

1)
Mrs =

.
tq B

Nc =

q NB
-

na curve

Na nA=0 , no
a-
=

Eg
@
=
-
 Bunnings

Methods
of operating
the SL entradion
equipment
:

① Single contact (stage batch

operation (using single unit ) (small )

② Continuous [ large slow]

operation .
,

③ Multiple units :
Caumont ( feed & solvent both enter 1st tone )

⑥ Multiple units
'

-
countercurrent -
( feed enters 1st tank, solvent last )
.

1.4mm
terms
Re Quantity of raffinate
" "
extract stream

ratio
:÷z÷:÷± in R another
of
amount
of components to
specified qty
usually the other material in the same stream .

Y ratio in E another
of
amount
of components to
specified qty
usually the other material in the same stream .

F Amount
of feed
C Amount solvent
of
-

i
.

Continuous Batch

Overall material balance :

Ftc =
Et r =
M (Addition stream
)

Component material balance : F

Maf
t
CRE
us
=
C-
face
t
Rna ,
} for solute

since
solvent
not be
may
pure .
 C

ago
:::- B F .

⑧ 100
by of roasted 451
Creson so l
containing 5% moisture
-

copper ore .

,
.
insoluble ,

is to be extracted
by washing it 3 times with 200
by
batches
of fresh
water .
The

raffinate layer contains

Ooty solution
1kg of insoluble
gangue
. What is the
composition

of
the
final raffinate after 3
washings
? Assume comment operation .

E E

-070¥
F E

c → → →
(sooty )
I ) I
water
carry water (no
y warr )
r V u

r re

c (solvent )

B
① a ,.ua ,

( solid)
1 WEEK LEFT (
so -
a
fan )
 28 Jan 2020

⑥ It is desired oil
from Halibut livers
by with
ethyl liquor
to extract extraction .

The
been determined
by
solution retained the livers has
quantity of granulated
function of the solution (extract) & is
enpcri
mentally composition of given
as a

below

lbs
of
liver oil in 1lb solution (ya)
/ o.ws/o:itlo %:/!!!!!) ::/!!!
O

m÷
↳ retained aver
grunion by
.

i :: :
fresh
25%
The livers 25-77 Mass % oil
If oil ist
be
contain . .

of the extracted &

final solution obtained

from has to 70 oil determine the
"

contain mass I
the oper ,

locus of
raffinose layer .

Raffinate composition
Experimentalist
lb oil Us solution per by
oil
free liners
Mass
fraction
ya :
per f

Col 7 =
Col
4)ads
ad 6 = ad Hud S
ol l & Z = MPH data

Col 3 = 1×2

lol y =
2-3

Col 5 = values in adz t l lb .

⑧ Experimental data the extraction
of oil
from (inert) by Lo Ho
of
on an meal means

with
at a
given operating temp - & a certain
type of egpmnt a re
given
below .

Construe the tours

of underflow compositions for this system .

Solution composition by A solution retained

↳ oil / lb solution Udom / by oil framed

O
O S -

O l -
O '

505

O L -
O -
515

0.3 0.530

O -

Y o -
550

O S O 571
- -

O -
6 0595

0.7 O '

620

Addition Point

Point
Diperna

"

→ → → →
F R , Rz Rz

f t C =
E t Rs
,

E, -

f
=
C -

Rz

f- t Ez = R t E
,

C- E f
difference
z
-

R
= - =
O or
, ,
•

Join Ei with B 2154 2T off heat ¥ gig data

Multiple Skye Solid -

Liquid Extraction 29Jan2020T

*
Tie line will pass through origin

Operating line will

pass through difference point .

.
B
f

Difference (operating )
point

④ The unit is to treat 2000 lb

of
meal based on
completely enchanted solid

hour The untreated meal contains 800 lb oil & The

lb
of benzene
50
per of
. .

fresh solvent lb oil dissolved 1310 lb

benzene The exhausted
of
contains so in .

solid (raffinate) unesctractcd oil

raffinate
contains 120lb
og
.

Using the curve

(
already determined)
find the
composition
of raffinate outraces wt -

g solution
leaving with entreated meal 4 no -

of
units
required .
 P N = mass
of B =

-
BB 4 february 2020
-

mass
of At massage by Atty c

NA
= mass of A =
b A
- -

mass
of
A t m a ss
of C
GA t
YC

t
.l
vs NA
( raffinate)
# .
-

N or
Ya
-

Distillation
February
5
2020
-

YA x passat
x PA
-
YA =
LAB
#
NA

NA l t
( AAB 1)
-

NA

y
=
←
It (L -

Dn

⑨ The heptane & toluene 373k are 106 73.7 kN/m2

vapour pressure
of @
n
-

& in
fractions of the the
respectively what the mole n
heptane in
vapour
-

are
.

liquid knlm
'

373k
if total is 101.3
at
pressure
.

ni ( 906 ) th xD (73-7)-

= 101-3

( 06 -

73.7
) n
,
t 73-7 = 101-3

32 3 27 G
-

n =
,
.

N =
O -
854
,

Nz = O -

146
⑨ Given the Antoine constants for benzene & toluene determine the

vapour phase composition of a mixture in

egbm with a
liquid mixture

having of Benzene tracing

O -

S mot pac -
& O 's mid toluene @ 338k .

BATCH DISTILLATION DOESN'T INVOLVE EQUILIBRIUM a

CONTINUOUS DISTILLATION INVOLVES EQUILIBRIUM .

kayleigntqual.io W : no -

of moles

n : mole
fraction
dw : moles which are
vapourised

(w ( ( ft dy )
) )
dw dm dw
Wn =
n t
-
-

w.IE [ yes
-

in
y
-
-

Ith Dn -

I :-. -

I tf Dn

X
x

dirty
J
Hn )
Itch
-

g
-
=
-

'
in n 'd t n
n' ( t (
a)
n
tre I
)
-

n x
-
-
- -

Xo
Xo

w÷ in
;iI hfi.IT
-

.
 11 Feb 2020
Dishon
( Tn ,
y ,
Wo
,
W

L t

initial
of g mousy residue
no
no . moles -

y= ant
H Dn
+ -

steam Distillation :

Thermally
-

unstable
processes

Separation &
purification of hazardous & inflammable substances
-

y
.

Turpentine
→
Wastewater Treatment

Component of
' '

interest A
'

① A is immiscible with water & the

feed contains A t traces
of impurities
⑧ feed is an ideal solution of A- & C : C is non
-
volatile .
A & water : immiscible .

pasat & Bsat

↳ water
B
-

Ma : moles
of subs t .
A that haste
vaporized
MB : " ' '
water u n ' '

ma =
Pasa = pasar
-
-
-

MB at

P
sat
p -

pas
.
→ m -

mrs
-

written
Not p =
Pasar Pgs
at

+
pas part
properly
E Pasar
Ma mBEPAs Pa =
=

at

P -

Epps
⑧ Geranial ( Cio His O ) is an essential oil -
It is to be
purified by steam

distillation
5kg of having
A with O
production unit is
charged crude oil
-

Saturated
of
small volatile 105C
a amount non -

impurities . steam at

still @
Ya thou distillation time
is
passed through the Calculate the
20
.

is
Vaporization efficiency
08
that immiscible with
assuming Geranial is water .

Passat ( 105C) =
I 211 bar
-

ln past =
21 .

I -

7217
t T
- k

mmHg

⑧ bn Pasar =
21 .
I - 7217
-
500
-
mole =
3.43 mid

578 154

Prat =
7.44

p= 7
-
.

yy t I
-211 Mrs
=
3- 43 ( 1221 -

O -

Ooga )
-

780 O 0098
'

bar 423 b
=

1.221
=

272 her

@ feed is a solution (ideal ) of A &C .

C is non
-

volatile .
A 4 water
:
immiscible

NA
MAMA
=

t Mc

=
PA E Xa Passat
= -

at

p
B
sat
p -

E ya pas

his Pia nips EnAPa

dm#
=
-
=

at

PBS p past
fap
-

at

p
=
Ena pas
moles
of A per mid
of steam

cnn.sn ) .
Integrate from Mai to
Maf
t
from o -
t

dmp =

ring Ezapasat
-
-

dt p -

Ena Passat

ring C- pasat
MI
=

matmc
( p -

E¥at)
MATMC