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Pratt & Whitney

STANDARD PRACTICES MANUAL (PN 585005)

VISUAL INSPECTION − INSPECTION/CHECK−03

Task 70−31−00−220−103:

1. PWA 388 − Surface Texture

A. General
See Figures 801 thru 804.

(1) The specifications contained in the latest issue of the

American National Standards Institute publication, ANSI
B46.1−1985 Surface Texture (Surface Roughness, Waviness
and Lay) also apply in addition to the standards that
are contained in the PWA 388 specification.

(2) American National Standards Institute publication, ANSI

Y14.36, is used for surface texture symbols, except
Figure 801 in the PWA 388 specification replaces Figure
1 in ANSI Y14.36.

NOTE: The above publications are available from

the sources that follow from the Tool And
Equipment Source Code Index. Refer to 70−91−00,
General−02 (Task 70−91−00−990−002) for the
source names/addresses identified by these
numbers.

05047

80204

B. Definitions
See Figure 802.

NOTE: For general surface texture definitions not included

in PWA 388, refer to 70−31−00, General−01 (Task
70−31−00−200−001).

(1) CHATTER MARKS − The recurring undulations or

irregularities that result from vibratory interactions
of the tool and the typical machined surface.

(2) NET PEAK DENSITY − The algebraic sum of two or more

peak densities each having a different specified
threshold height.

(3) PEAK DENSITY − The number, per inch, of valley−to−peak

excursions of the profile extending from below the
lower limit to above the upper limit of the specified
threshold height.

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STANDARD PRACTICES MANUAL (PN 585005)

VISUAL INSPECTION − INSPECTION/CHECK−03

(4) ROUGHNESS HEIGHT − The definitions that follow are in

addition to those given in the American National
Standards Institute publication, ANSI B46.1−1985
Subject 3.9.

NOTE: Ra requirements on illustrations can be shown in

one of two ways as shown in Figure 802. Where
roughness values are shown as RMS or AA, they
must be considered as fully equivalent to Ra.

(a) Maximum Reading − The maximum reading of a surface

as determined by physical measurement with an
instrument made for measuring roughness must be
the highest sustained value indicated on the
meter (that is, the upper limit of the range of
values in which the needle tends to dwell) when
the profile tracing element is held normal to the
surface and moved in the direction which gives the
highest reading (usually across the lay).

1 Average Maximum Reading − The average of the

maximum readings taken from a series of three
traces.

(b) Minimum Reading − The minimum reading of a surface

as determined by physical measurement with an
instrument made for measuring roughness must be
the lowest sustained value indicated on the
meter (that is, the lower limit of the range of
values in which the needle tends to dwell) when
the profile tracing element is held normal to the
surface and moved in the direction which gives the
highest reading (usually across the lay).

1 Average Minimum Reading − The average of the

minimum readings taken from a series of three
traces. Minimum readings can be taken from the
same series of traces as maximum readings.

(5) THRESHOLD HEIGHT − A zone, specified in microinches,

whose upper (peak) limit and lower (valley) limit are
each parallel to and equidistant from the center line.

C. Symbols And Notation

See Figure 801.

(1) Surface Texture Symbol

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STANDARD PRACTICES MANUAL (PN 585005)

VISUAL INSPECTION − INSPECTION/CHECK−03

(a) Figure 801 replaces Figure 1 in American National

Standards Institute publication, ANSI Y.14.36.

(2) Net Peak Density Notation

(a) Where the notation NPD = PPIxx + PPIyy is used,

it must indicate that net peak density (NPD)
equals the sum of the peak density at the xx
threshold height (PPIxx) and peak density at the
yy threshold height (PPIyy). PPI stands for peaks
per inch (that is, peaks/inch).

D. Surface Texture Requirements for Pratt & Whitney Parts

(1) Control of surface texture in accordance with the

requirements of this specification must be indicated by
reference to this specification, except as follows:

(a) Surface texture controls by other specifications

1 Control of surface texture can also be by

reference to a specification, other than this
one, which contains such requirements.

2 Where such a specification and this one are

both referenced against a given item, the
requirements of the other specification must
be interpreted to be a supplement to the
requirements of this specification.

3 If requirements conflict, the other

specification must take precedence unless a
specific deviation is pictured or otherwise
clearly noted in this specification.

E. Standard Surface Texture Requirements

(1) Material Removal Allowance

(a) Dimensions shown to the left of the short leg of

the surface texture symbol (see ANSI Y14.36) must
be added to the finished dimension as specified on
the illustration.

(2) Plated, Coated, And Shotpeened Surfaces

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STANDARD PRACTICES MANUAL (PN 585005)

VISUAL INSPECTION − INSPECTION/CHECK−03

(a) Surface texture requirements must apply to

surfaces before plating, coating, shotpeening,
or bearing metal surfacing unless specified
differently.

(3) Unmachined And Semi−Finished Surfaces

(a) Unless specified differently, surface texture

requirements must not apply to surfaces on which
machining is not required; that is, surfaces which
remain in the as−cast, as−forged, as−rolled, etc.,
condition.

(b) Where extruded, forged, or cast surfaces are

optionally machined, these surfaces must continue
to be considered as unmachined; that is, surface
texture requirements must not apply.

(c) On machined surfaces where allowance has been made

for further machining, surface texture, although
not controlled as an engineering requirement,
should be indicative of the usual machining
practices and not exceed 500 Ra unless specified
differently.

F. Determination Of Roughness

(1) In addition to the requirements given in the American

National Standards Institute publication, ANSI
B46.1−1985, the requirements that follow apply.

(a) Cutoff Setting

1 Stylus−type instruments must measure surface

roughness or peak density with a suitable
roughness−width cutoff setting which is greater
than the maximum roughness−width spacing.

2 For general purposes, surfaces up to 125 Ra

will be accurately inspected with a 0.030 inch
(0.762 mm) cutoff setting.

3 When the trace stroke is restricted by the size

of the surface such that inaccurate readings
are obtained with a 0.030 inch (0.762 mm)
cutoff, a smaller cutoff setting must be used.
Such readings may not be actual roughness of
the surface but can be used for comparative
purposes.

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STANDARD PRACTICES MANUAL (PN 585005)

VISUAL INSPECTION − INSPECTION/CHECK−03

4 Where possible, comparisons can be made of

readings of both cutoff settings on surfaces
with a similar texture, and on which a 0.030
inch (0.762 mm) cutoff can be used.

(b) Readings

1 Readings by stylus−type instruments must be

taken during the first few strokes of the
tracing element to prevent errors due to the
tendency of the tracer to polish surfaces.

(c) Comparison

1 Comparison of the surface being inspected must

be visual or tactile using an appropriate
sample or a standard microfinish comparator
(commercially available).

2 The lay of the sample of standard specimens

used for comparisons must closely resemble the
lay of the surface being inspected.

G. Determination Of Peak Density

See Figure 803.

(1) Peak density must be determined by physical measurement

with a stylus−type profile tracing device conforming to
all other requirements of this specification and as
follows:

(a) Mechanical Requirements

1 The tracer must be motor−driven.

2 The tracer must be connected to an electronic

amplimeter−counter that gives a digital
read−out of the average roughness height of the
peak density as the tracer is moved along the
surface being measured.

(b) Method Of Counting Number Of Valley−To−Peak

Excursions Of Profile

1 Figure 803 illustrates counts at two threshold

heights.

2 The count is made at one threshold height at a

time.

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STANDARD PRACTICES MANUAL (PN 585005)

VISUAL INSPECTION − INSPECTION/CHECK−03

3 As the tracer moves over the surface, the

counter is activated the first time the tracer
reaches a point on the profile below the lower
threshold height limit.

4 A count is registered when the tracer reaches a

point above the upper threshold height limit.

5 The counter is not reactivated until the tracer

again reaches a point below the lower threshold
height limit.

H. Determination Of Waviness

(1) Waviness must be determined by indicator, optical flat,

light test, bluing gage, or other acceptable methods.

(2) When inspecting waviness of ring−type carbon seals,

seal mating faces, seal plates, or seal spacers by
optical flat, the optical flat can rest without
external support on the surface being inspected.

(3) As an alternative, the part can be placed on top of

the optical flat and pressed down to be sure there is
contact between the surface being inspected and the
optical flat.

(4) In either case, unless specified differently, the loads

put on the part must be evenly distributed and must not
exceed four pounds/inch of part diameters.

I. Limitations On Inspection Methods

(1) Determinations of roughness or waviness on soft

materials (such as, bearing metal surfaces) must be by
methods which leave no perceptible mark on the surface.

J. Phantom Lines
See Figure 804.

(1) The cast, forged, or semi−machined surfaces, that are

defined by a phantom−lined contour, are identified by
the single symbol in any one view on an illustration.

(2) This single symbol must be interpreted as being related

to all case, forged, or semi−machined surfaces defined
by a phantom−lined contour.

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STANDARD PRACTICES MANUAL (PN 585005)

VISUAL INSPECTION − INSPECTION/CHECK−03

PWA 388 Surface Texture Symbols

Figure 801
(Task 70−31−00−220−103)

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STANDARD PRACTICES MANUAL (PN 585005)

VISUAL INSPECTION − INSPECTION/CHECK−03

Two Types Of Roughness Height Rating Symbols

Figure 802
(Task 70−31−00−220−103)

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STANDARD PRACTICES MANUAL (PN 585005)

VISUAL INSPECTION − INSPECTION/CHECK−03

Peak Counts For Two Threshold Heights

Figure 803
(Task 70−31−00−220−103)

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STANDARD PRACTICES MANUAL (PN 585005)

VISUAL INSPECTION − INSPECTION/CHECK−03

Single Symbol Related To All Cast, Forged, Or

Semi−Machined Surfaces Defined By A Phantom−Lined Contour
Figure 804
(Task 70−31−00−220−103)

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