HINDI 30 Days English Grammar Teaching

PERSONAL PRONOUNS
Welcome to your first Hindi class,
Let’s start
When we start learning a foreign language we definitely start with the most important and useful words
Can you imagine which are those words?
Well, these words are used every day in every language and all around the world
These words are: I YOU HE SHE IT WE THEY WHO WHAT
Let’s see the table given below to know Hindi meanings for these:
ENGLISH HINDI
I म#
YOU तम
ु (informal/intimate/singular)
HE, SHE, IT यह (near)
HE, SHE, IT वह (far)
WE हम
YOU आप (formal/respect/plural)
THEY ये (near)
THEY वे (far)
LET’S MAKE IT CLEAR:
(i) ‘आप’ is used to address older persons, parents, teachers, strangers, and other respected persons.
Sometimes it depends also on cultural and geographical factors as in some regions of India, people
don’t like to be addressed as ‘तम
ु ’. I personally think that using ‘आप’ is better strategy with strangers.
(ii) ‘त म
ु ’ is informal and used to address friends and youngers. Another more informal form used in Hindi
for familiar and very intimate relations is ‘त’ू . Normally parents use ‘त’ू to address their children.
(iii) ‘यह’ is used for persons and things in proximity and visible and ‘वह’ for non-visible and non-proximate
persons and things. In English we have He, She and It for masculine and feminine nouns and non-
living objects respectively but ‘यह’ and ‘वह’ don’t depend on gender. These pronouns are used for
non-living objects also.
(iv) ‘यह’ is pronounced ‘ये’ and ‘वह’ is pronounced ‘वो’
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VERB ‒ TO BE
होना
This verb ‘होना’ is the base of any language, isn’t it?
Hindi is also
Similar to English where ‘to be’ is used in both forms: Auxiliary and Existential
Let’s see these examples for better understanding
EXISTENTIAL AUXILIARY
He is outside. He is going outside.
He was ill. He was watching TV.
They were nice. They were celebrating.
I will be there. I will be going there.
‘होना’ is also used in same manner in Hindi. We can use it independently and with other verbs and also as
a ‘helping verb’.
TODAY
We are going to learn EXISTENTIAL use of verb ‘होना’.
IN PRESENT TENSE
In last class we have learned PRONOUNS
Let’s see the table below:
SUBJECT VERB SUBJECT + VERB

I म# हूँ म# हूँ।
You तम
ु हो तम
ु हो।
He, She, It यह है यह है ।
He, She, It वह है वह है ।
We हम ह# हम ह#।
You आप ह# आप ह#।
They ये ह# ये ह#।
They वे ह# वे ह#।
(i) With ‘म#’, ‘हूँ’ is used
(ii) With ‘तम

ु ’, ‘हो’ is used
(iii) Other singular pronouns and nouns ‘है ’ is used
(iv) Plural pronouns and nouns ‘ह#’ (nasal form of ‘है ’) is used
LET’S USE WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED:
I am doctor
म# डा5टर हूँ।
We are ill.
हम बीमार ह:।
He is outside.
वह बाहर है ।
They are happy.

वे ख़श
ु ह#।
You are beautiful.

तम
ु स?
ु दर हो।
You are troubled.

आप परे शान ह#।

Ramesh is fine.
रमेश ठBक है ।

These Books are good.
ये DकताबE बFढ़या ह#।

PRESENT SIMPLE
Welcome to your third lesson,
We have already done personal pronouns and verb ‘to be’ (होना)
Today, we will learn present simple

Well, let’s see first where we can apply this lesson in our daily life:

WHEN A PARTICULAR WORK OR ACTIVITY IS DONE REGULARLY -

He goes to school daily. वह हरोज़ Jकूल जाता है ।
They come here every week. वे हर हMते यहाँ आते ह#।

He eats a mango. वह आम खाता है ।

UNIVERSAL TRUTHS ,SCIENTIFIC RULES -

Sun rises in the East. सरू ज पव
ू O मE उगत◌ा है ।
Ketchup makes everything better. केचप हर चीज अUछB बनाता है ।

So, if you want to explain someone your daily routine, your habits and what do you do every day

This lesson will help you

Now let’s see what do we need to make a sentence related to our daily life

He + eats + mango
(Pronoun) (verb) (Object or a noun)

We already know pronouns.


Let’s learn some Hindi verbs.

HINDI VERB ENGLISH
जाना (v.i.) to go
बोलना (v.t.) to speak
खाना (v.t.) to eat
पीना (v.t.) to drink
सीखना (v.t.) to learn

As you can see:

All verbs end with ‘ना’, the form given in the table is infinitive form of the verb. In simple words – the form that
you will find in the dictionary.

Verb in a sentence will be conjugated according to gender and singular or plural of the pronoun.

For Example:

In this sentence
वह आम खाता है ।
‘खाना’ is conjugated according to third person, singular

Let’s see how verb ‘बोलना’ is conjugated with all the pronouns:
PRONOUNS MASCULINE FEMININE
म# बोलता हूँ बोलती हूँ

तम
ु बोलते हो बोलती हो
यह बोलता है बोलती है
वह बोलता है बोलता है
हम बोलते ह# बोलती ह#
आप बोलते ह# बोलती ह#
ये बोलते ह# बोलती ह#
वे बोलते ह# बोलती ह#
(i) Verb ‘to be’ ‘होना’ acts here as a helping or auxiliary verb.
(ii) For singular and masculine nouns verb ‘बोलना’ is conjugated with ‘ता’ exception: ‘तम
ु ’
(iii) For plural and masculine nouns verb ‘बोलना’ is conjugated with ‘ते’.
(iv) For all feminine nouns verb ‘बोलना’ is conjugated with ‘ती’.
LET’S MAKE SOME PHRASES:
I speak Hindi.
म# Fह?दW बोलता हूँ।
He speaks Spanish.
वह JपेXनश बोलता है ।
They go to School.
वे Jकूल जाते ह#।
I go to School,
म# Jकूल जाता हूँ।
I drink tea,
म# चाय पीता हूँ।
I learn English.
म# अंZेज़ी सीखता हूँ।
Ram drinks coffee,

राम काफ़\ पीता है ।
Sita and Reena speak French.
सीता ओर रWना Êच बोलती ह#।
वे समोसा खाती ह#।

They eat Samosa.
POSTPOSITION
से
Welcome to your forth lesson,
Today
We will learn a postposition
‘से’
But What?
What is a postposition?
It’s the same grammar term which we call ‘Preposition’ in English because
He is from London.
We place them before the noun,

but in Hindi
We place them after the nouns and pronouns, therefore these words are ‘Postpositions’
वह लंडन से है ।
‘से’
from, since, by, than
LET’S SEE SOME EXAMPLES
He is from Delhi
वह Fद_लW से है ।
She is from France.

वह ^ाँस से है ।
They go to school by bus.

वे बस से Jकूल जाते ह#।
He has been here since 9 June.

वह 9 जन ू से यहाँ है ।
Ram is better than Sam.

राम सैम से बेहतर है ।
They are from Panjab.

वे पंजाब से ह#।
They come by car.

वे गाड़ी से आती ह#।
SINGULAR/PLURAL NOUNS
Welcome to your fifth lesson
Today
We will learn singular and plural nouns in Hindi language
Unfortunately, in Hindi
We don’t have fix rules to determine gender of a noun
As there are many exceptions with each rule
In fact, non-living objects have gender too in Hindi
BUT
We definitely have some rules making a singular noun to plural
Let’s start
RULE NO. 1
• Masculine nouns with ‘आ’ in the end, change to ‘ए’
लड़का Boy लड़के Boys
कमरा Room कमरे Rooms
बेटा Son बेटे Sons
केला Banana केले Bananas
जत
ू ा Shoe जत
ू े Shoes
RULE NO. 2
• Other masculine nouns do not change:
घर House
शहर City
आदमी Man
RULE NO. 3
• Feminine nouns with an ending of ‘ई’, change to ‘इयाँ’: long ‘ई’ is changed to short ‘इ’.
लड़क\ Girl लड़Dकयाँ Girls
XततलW Butterfly Xततbलयाँ Butterflies
बेटW Daughter बेFटयाँ Daughters
bमठाई Sweet bमठाइयाँ Sweets
RULE NO. 4
• Feminine nouns with an ending ‘आ’ are added एँ after ‘आ’
शाखा Branch शाखाएँ Branches
सभा Meeting सभाएँ Meetings
मFहला Lady मFहलाएँ Ladies
RULE NO. 5
• Feminine nouns ending with a consonant change to एँ
गाय Cow गायE Cows
Dकताब Book DकताबE Books
औरत Woman औरतE Women
RULE NO. 6
• Some nouns don’t change: these nouns are often family relation words like चाचा, मामा etc. or
important posts in politics as राजा and नेता
मामा Maternal Uncle
चाचा Paternal Uncle
hपता Father
नेता Leader
राजा King
LET’S USE WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED

घर म8 एक कमरा है । होटल म8 दस कमरे ह>।
There is one room in the house. There are ten rooms in the hotel.

यहाँ एक लड़का है । वहाँ दस लड़के ह>।
Here is a boy. There are ten boys.

यहाँ एक लड़कA रहती है । वहाँ पाँच लड़Dकयाँ रहती ह>।
One girl lives here. Five girls live there.

ये जतू ा संद
ु र है । ये जतू े संद
ु र ह>।
This shoe is beautiful. These shoes are beautiful.

यहाँ Gसफ़I एक घर है । गलK म8 दस घर ह>।
Only one house is here. There are ten houses in the street.

यह Gमठाई Mवाद है । यहाँ बहुत Gमठाइयाँ ह>।
This sweet is delicious. There are many sweets.

शहर म8 आज सभा है । कल तीन सभाएँ ह>।
There is a meeting in the city, today. There are three meetings tomorrow.

घर म8 एक गाय है । गाँव म8 सौ गाय8 ह>।
There is a cow in the house. There are hundred cows in the village


POSTPOSITION ‒ OF
Welcome to your sixth lesson
Today
We will learn a new postposition – ‘OF’ in Hindi
‘OF’ is of course used in English to show the object possessed or show a belonging in a sentence
Example
Son of the King
House of Commons
In Hindi We use
‘का, के, कA’
Why three?
का - If the object possessed is singular masculine
के - If the object possessed is masculine plural
क\ - for the object feminine both singular and plural
EXAMPLES:

राजा का बेटा Raja’s son Masculine singular
राजा के बेटे Raja’s sons Masculine plural
राजा क\ बेटW Raja’s daughter Feminine singular
राजा क\ बेFटयाँ Raja’s daughters Feminine plural

LET’S MAKE SOME SENTENCES

HINDI ENGLISH
यह राजा का घर है । This is Raja’s house.
यह कमल का बेटा है । This is Kamal’s son.
ये सैम कA बेQटयाँ ह>। They are Sam’s daughters.
वह RवGलयम का कमरा है । That is William’s room.
यह सन
ु ीता का पेन है । This is Sunita’s pen.
चंदन कA Dकताब मेज़ पर है । Chandan’s book is on the table.
ये Mकूल के छाU ह>। They are school students.
ये रमेश के बVचे ह>। They are Ramesh’s sons.

POSTPOSITION ‒ OF
Welcome to your seventh lesson
Today
We will learn more about postposition – ‘OF’ in Hindi
We have already done postposition ‘OF’ with nouns in our sixth lesson
Now let’s do with pronouns
LET’S SEE THE TABLE GIVEN BELOW

MASCULINE SG. MASCULINE PL. FEMININE SG. FEMININE PL.
म# + का मेरा म# + के मेरे म# + क\ मेरW म# + क\ मेरW
तम
ु + का तj
ु हारा तम
ु + के तj
ु हारे तम
ु + क\ तj
ु हारW तम
ु + क\ तj
ु हारW
यह + का इसका यह + के इसके यह + क\ इसक\ यह + क\ इसक\
वह + का उसका वह + के उसके वह + क\ उसक\ वह + क\ उसक\
हम + का हमारा हम + के हमारे हम + क\ हमारW हम + क\ हमारW
आप + का आपका आप + के आपके आप + क\ आपक\ आप + क\ आपक\
ये + का इनका ये + के इनके ये + क\ इनक\ ये + क\ इनक\
वे + का उनका वे + के उनके वे + क\ उनक\ वे + क\ उनक\

LET’S MAKE SOME SENTENCES:

यह आपक\ गाड़ी है । This is your car.
यह मेरा पेन है । This is my pen.
उनका घर पीला है । Their house is yellow.
हमारा घर अUछा है । Our house is nice.
उनके माता-hपता जयपरु मE ह#। Their parents are in Jaipur.
इनक\ चाची डॉ5टर है । Her Aunt is a doctor.
आप हमारे मेहमान ह#। You are our guests.
तj
ु हारW गाड़ी कहाँ है ? Where is your car?
आपका घर स?
ु दर है । Your house is beautiful.
ये मेरे अlयापक ह#। This is my teacher.
(ये is used for respect)
मेरा नाम hवbलयम है । My name is William.
इसका रं ग बFढ़या है । It’s color is nice.
मेरे बाल काले ह#। My hairs are black.
आपके बाल सफ़ेद ह#। Your hairs are white.
वह Fह?दW का छाm है । He is a Hindi student.
मेरW घड़ी कहाँ है ? Where is my watch?
इसके hपता चाय पीते ह#। His father drinks tea.
इनक\ माता काम करती ह#। Their mother works
INTERROGATION - KYA

Welcome to your eighth lesson

Today

We will learn asking some easy and simple questions

to be answered

by YES/NO
In English it’s quite complicated to form these type of questions
But
In Hindi
We can form these type of questions
By adding just ‘Wया’
तम
ु Jकूल जाते हो।
You go to School.
becomes a questions
If we add
‘Wया’
5या तम
ु Jकूल जाते हो?
Do you go to School?
LET’S MAKE SOME MORE QUESTIONS
वह चाय पीता है । 5या वह चाय पीता है ?

He drinks tea. Does he drink tea?
वह Fह?दJ ु तानी है । 5या वह Fह?दJ ु तानी है ?

He is Indian. Is he Indian?
यह उसका घर है । 5या यह उसका घर है ?

This is his house. Is this his house?
वे राम के माता-hपता ह#। 5या ये राम के माता-hपता ह#?

They are Ram’s parents. Are they Ram’s parents?
यह तj ु हारा घर है । 5या यह तj ु हारा घर है ?

This is your house. Is this your house?
आपका घर Fद_लW मE है । 5या आपका घर Fद_लW मE है ?

Your house is in Delhi. Is your house in Delhi?
इसके hपताजी घर मE ह#। 5या इसके hपताजी घर मE है ।

His father is in the house. Is his father in the house?
उसका भाई बनारस मE रहता है । 5या उसका भाई बनारस मE रहता है ?

His brother lives in Banaras. Does his brother live in Banaras?
NOW LET’S SEE HOW TO ANSWER THESE TYPE OF QUESTIONS
OBSERVE
5या आप Fह?दW के छाm ह#?

Are you a Hindi student?
जी हाँ, म# Fह?दW का छाm हूँ।

Yes, I am Hindi student.
जी नहWं, म# Fह?दW का छाm नहWं हूँ।

No, I am not Hindi student.
5या आप Fह?दW बोलते ह#?

Do you speak Hindi?
जी हाँ, म# Fह?दW बोलता हूँ।

Yes, I speak Hindi.
जी नहWं, म# Fह?दW नहWं बोलता।

No, I don’t speak Hindi.
5या आप Fद_लW मE काम करते ह#?

Do you work in Delhi?
जी हाँ, म# Fद_लW मE काम करता हूँ।

Yes, I work in Delhi.
जी नहWं, म# Fद_लW मE काम नहWं करता।

No, I don’t work in Delhi.
RULES
• ‘जी’ is used to pay respect while answering a question, asked by an

elder.
VERB ‘होना’ is main verb here
जी नहWं, म# Fह?दW का छाm नहKं हूँ।

VERB ‘बोलना’ is main verb here
जी नहWं, म# Fह?दW नहKं बोलता।
VERB ‘काम करना’ a compound verb so we place ‘नहKं’ between before ‘करना’
जी नहWं, म# Fद_लW मE काम नहKं करता।
• Verb ‘होना’ ‘TO BE’ is not used in negative form of a present simple
sentence.
TELLING TIME

Welcome to your ninth lesson

Today

We will learn telling time in Hindi

and of course asking time in Hindi
in English
We ask time by using these sentences
What time it is?

What’s the time?
Isn’t it?
In Hindi we say
Dकतने बजे ह#?
HOW MANY
VERB बजना (to ring)
WHY ‘बजना’

Because in ancient times we had clock tower and people used to ask – How many times it rang?


OBSERVE

ENGLISH HINDI
It’s one o’clock एक बजा है ।*
It’s two o’clock दो बजे ह#।
It’s three o’clock तीन बजे ह#।
It’s four o’clock चार बजे ह#।
It’s five o’clock पाँच बजे ह#।
It’s six o’clock छह बजे ह#।
It’s seven o’clock सात बजे ह#।
It’s eight o’clock आठ बजे ह#।
It’s nine o’clock नौ बजे ह#।
It’s ten o’clock दस बजे ह#।
It’s eleven o’clock pयारह बजे ह#।
It’s twelve o’clock बारह बजे ह#।
• * We used ‘बजा’ है with one because it’s singular.
You can see in the table that
We have used
‘बजा’ for one

and
‘बजे’ for more than one right? Easy?
But it’s never too easy
How to precise minutes?

OBSERVE

1:30 डेढ़ बजा है ।*
2:30 ढाई बजे ह>।*
3:30 साढ़े तीन बजे ह#।
4:30 साढ़े चार बजे ह#।
4:30 साढ़े पाँच बजे ह#।
6:30 साढ़े छह बजे ह#।
7:30 साढ़े सात बजे ह#।
8:30 साढ़े आठ बजे ह#।
9:30 साढ़े नौ बजे ह#।
10:30 साढ़े दस बजे ह#।
11:30 साढ़े pयारह बजे ह#।
12:30 साढ़े बारह बजे ह#।
• * डेढ़ and ढाई are exceptions

• We use ‘साढ़े ’ to express half past

FINISHED?

Not yet

1:15 सवा बजा है ।* 12:45 पौन बजा है ।*
2:15 सवा दो बजे ह#। 1:45 पौने दो बजे ह#।
3:15 सवा तीन बजे ह#। 2:45 पौने तीन बजे ह#।
4:15 सवा चार बजे ह# 3:45 पौने चार बजे ह#
5:15 सवा पाँच बजे ह#। 4:45 पौने पाँच बजे ह#।
6:15 सवा छह बजे ह#। 5:45 पौने छह बजे ह#।
7:15 सवा सात बजे ह#। 6:45 पौने सात बजे ह#।
8:15 सवा आठ बजे ह#। 7:45 पौने आठ बजे ह#।
9:15 सवा नौ बजे ह#। 8:45 पौने नौ बजे ह#।
10:15 सवा दस बजे ह#। 9:45 पौने दस बजे ह#।

11:15 सवा pयारह बजे ह#। 10:45 पौने pयारह बजे ह#।
12:15 सवा बारह बजे ह#। 11:45 पौने बारह बजे ह#।
Now

You may ask

How to tell time for 24 HOURS format?

TIME HINDI
8 PM to 3 AM रात के
4 AM to 11 AM सब
ु ह के
12 NOON to 3 PM दोपहर के
4 PM to 7 PM शाम के

EXAMPLES
9 AM सब
ु ह के नौ बजे
5 AM सब
ु ह के पाँच बजे
12 NOON दोपहर के बारह बजे
6:30 PM शाम के साढ़े छह बजे
3 AM सब
ु ह के तीन बजे
VERB ‒ TO HAVE
Welcome to your tenth lesson
Today
We will learn to express
What we possess?
As we have ‘HAVE’ in English to express
What do we have?
Who we have in our lives?
Similar to English
We use
‘के पास’ in Hindi
LET’S ANSWER SOME QUESTIONS
5या राम के पास गाड़ी है ? हाँ, राम के पास गाड़ी है ।

5या सीता के पास जत
ू े ह#? नहWं, सीता के पास जत
ू े नहWं ह#।
5या राजा के पास केला है ? नहWं, राजा के पास केला नहWं है ।
5या सैम के पास DकताबE ह#? हाँ, सैम के पास DकताबE ह#।
5या hवbलयम के पास फ़ोन है ? हाँ, hवbलयम के पास फ़ोन है ।
RULE
* Verb ‘TO BE’ ‘होना’ accords with the N of the objects possessed.
5या hवbलयम के पास फ़ोन है ? - फ़ोन is singular so है
5या सैम के पास Dकताब8 ह#? - DकताबE is plural so ह#
That’s easy right?
We have done with nouns
Now
Let’s do this with Pronouns
LET’S MAKE SOME QUESTIONS
Do you have? Yes, I have

Wया आपके पास गाड़ी है ? हाँ, मेरे पास गाड़ी है ।
Wया आपके पास फ़ोन है ? हाँ, मेरे पास फ़ोन है ।
Wया आपके पास जत

ू े ह>? हाँ, मेरे पास जत
ू े ह>।
Wया आपके पास चा[बयाँ ह>? हाँ, मेरे पास चा[बयाँ ह>।
Wया आके पास Dकताब8 ह>? हाँ, मेरे पास Dकताबे ह>।
We can see
आप + के पास = आपके पास
म> + के पास = मेरे पास

WITH OTHER PRONOUNS
PRONOUN + TO HAVE RESULT ENGLISH
म# + के पास मेरे पास I have
तम
ु + के पास तj
ु हारे पास You have (informal/singular)
यह + के पास इसके पास He has, She has, It has (proximate)
वह + के पास उसके पास He has, she has, it has(non-proximate)
हम + के पास हमारे पास We have
आप + के पास आपके पास You have (formal/plural)
ये + के पास इनके पास They have (proximate)
वे + के पास उनके पास They have (non-proximate)
LET’S MAKE SOME QUESTIONS-ANSWERS
5या तj
ु हारे पास जत
ू े ह#? हाँ, मेरे पास जत
ू े ह#।
5या आपके पास चाqबयाँ ह#? नहWं, मेरे पास चाqबयाँ नहWं ह#।
5या आपके पास कुताO है ? नहWं, मेरे पास कुताO नहWं है ।
5या उसके पास पेन है ? हाँ, उसके पास पेन है ।
5या उनके पास केले ह#? हाँ, उनके पास केले ह#।
5या राम और राजा के पास कुतr ह#? हाँ, उनके पास कुतr ह#।
5या सsरता के पास कैमरा है ? नहWं, उसके पास कैमरा नहWं है ।
5या आपके पास टाइम है ? मेरे पास एक घंटा है ।
5या तj
ु हारे पास पैसे ह#? नहWं, मेरे पास पैसे नहWं ह#।
तj
ु हारे पास Dकतने पैसे ह#? मेरे पास दस tपये ह#।
राजा के पास Dकतने केले ह#? उसके पास दस केले ह#।
• RULE - For Relations and limbs of the body we don’t use this structure of ‘के पास’.
Instead of this, we use का, के, कA and verb ‘होना’ accords with the object
possessed.
VERB ‒ TO WANT
Welcome to your 11th lesson
Today
We will learn to express desire
A desire to have something
Or
To do something
TO WANT = चाहना
Like other verbs ‘चाहना’ ends also with ‘ना’
Let’s conjugate this verb
So that
We can make sentences thereafter
Verb
Pronouns
Masculine Feminine
म# चाहता हूँ। चाहती हूँ।
तम
ु चाहते हो। चाहती हो।
यह चाहता है । चाहती है ।
वह चाहता है । चाहती है ।
हम चाहते ह#। चाहते ह#।
आप चाहते ह#। चाहते ह#।
ये चाहते ह#। चाहते ह#।
वे चाहते ह#। चाहते ह#।
I hope it’s clear:
Now let’s make some sentences
EXAMPLES
WANT TO HAVE
म# एक फ़ोन चाहता हूँ। I want to have a phone.
म# एक नया फ़ोन चाहता हूँ। I want to have a new phone.
वह एक साड़ी चाहती है । She wants to have a saree.
वह एक नई साड़ी चाहती है । She wants to have a new saree.
हम जत
ू े चाहते ह#। We want to have shoes.
वे DकताबE चाहते ह#। They want to have books.
म# आराम चाहता हूँ। I want to take rest.
म# लाल गाड़ी चाहता हूँ। I want a red car.
5या आप काला पेन चाहते ह#? Do you want to a black pen?
5या आप ठं डा पानी चाहते ह#? Do you want cold water?
We can see
In the sentences
Given in the table
That
There is only one verb ‘चाहना’
So the sentence structure is
म> + लाल + गाड़ी + चाहता + हूँ।
(subject)
(verb ‘to be)
(adjective)
(object)
(verb = to want)
Now let’s see some sentences with
WANT TO DO SOMETHING STRUCTURE
EXEMPLES
म# नया फ़ोन ख़रWदना चाहता हूँ। I want to buy a new phone.
म# एक साड़ी ख़रWदना चाहती हूँ। I want to buy a new saree.
हम जत
ू े ख़रWदना चाहती ह:। We want to buy shoes.
वे DकताबE ख़रWदना चाहते ह#। They want to buy books.
5या आप आराम करना चाहते ह#? Do you want to have rest?
5या आप काम करना चाहते ह#? Do you want to work?
तम
ु लाल गाड़ी ख़रWदना चाहते हो। You want to buy red car.
5या वह चाय पीना चाहता है ? Do you want to drink tea?
5या वह ठं डा पानी पीना चाहता है ? Do you want to drink cold water?
5या वह कॉफ़\ पीना चाहता है ? Do you want to drink coffee?
5या वह घर जाना चाहता है ? Does he want to go home?
5या तम
ु आम खाना चाहते हो? Do you want to eat mango?
5या तम
ु चपाती खाना चाहती हो? Do you want to eat chapatis?
5या तम
ु Fह?दW सीखना चाहते हो? Do you want to learn Hindi?
ये Dफ़_म दे खना चाहते ह#। They want to watch a film?
वे संगीत नहWं सन
ु ना चाहते। They don’t want to listen music.
हम Fद_लW नहWं जाना चाहते। We don’t want to go to Delhi.
आप अंZेज़ी नहWं सीखना चाहते। You don’t want to learn English.
आप Dकतने फ़ोन ख़रWदना चाहती ह#? How many phones you want to buy?
तम
ु Dकतने बजे आना चाहती हो? What time do you want to come?
आप Dकतने बजे uडनर करना चाहती ह#? What time do you want to have dinner?
VERB ‒ TO LIKE
Today
We will learn to express likes and dislikes
In our last class we have done verb ‘चाहना’ which is used to express ‘desire’
Now
To express likes and dislikes
We have a verb in Hindi
‘पस\द करना’ (literally ‘do like’ something)
We already know
How to conjugate?
Let’s conjugate for practice
PRONOUN VERB MASCULINE VERB FEMININE ENGLISH

म# पस?द करता हूँ पस?द करती हूँ I like
तम
ु पस?द करते हो पस?द करती हो You like (informal/singular)
यह पस?द करता है पस?द करती है He likes, she likes (proximate)
He likes, she likes (non-
वह पस?द करता है पस?द करती है proximate)
हम पस?द करते ह# पस?द करती ह# We like
आप पस?द करते ह# पस?द करती ह# You like (formal/plural)
ये पस?द करते ह# पस?द करती ह# They like (proximate)
वे पस?द करते ह# पस?द करती ह# They like (non-proximate)
Now let’s make some sentences
I LIKE SOMETHING
EXEMPLES
HINDI ENGLISH
म# नई Dकताब पस?द करता हूँ। I like new book.
hवbलयम पीला रं ग पस?द करता है । William likes yellow color.
है रW जमOन कारE पस?द करता है । Harry likes German cars.
वे Fह?दW Dफ़_मE पस?द करते ह#। They like Hindi films.
हम Jकूटर पस?द करते ह#। We like scooter.
वे परु ाना फ़ोन पस?द नहWं करते। They don’t like old phone.
कमला अंZेज़ी गाने पस?द नहWं करती। Kamala does not like English songs.
राजा मांसाहारW खाना पस?द करता है । Raja does not like non vegetarian food.
STRUCTURE
वे Qह\दK Dफ़]म8 पस\द करते ह>।

Subject
Verb (‘होना’)
Object Verb (‘पस?द करना’ is a compound verb)
OBSERVE AND COMPARE WITH PREVIOUS STRUCTURE
I LIKE TO DO SOMETHING
EXAMPLES
म# DकताबE पढ़ना पस?द करता हूँ। I like to read book.

hवbलयम पीला कुताO पहनना पस?द करता है । William like to wear yellow shirt.
है रW जमOन कारE चलाना पस?द करता है । Harry like to drive German cars.
वे Fह?दW Dफ़_मE दे खना पस?द करते ह#। They like to watch Hindi films.
हम Jकूटर चलाना पस?द करते ह#। We like to drive scooter.
वे परु ाना फ़ोन ख़रWदना पस?द नहWं करते। They don’t like to buy old phone.
कमला अंZेज़ी गाने सन
ु ना पस?द नहWं करती। Kamala doesn’t like to listen English songs.
राजा मांसाहारW खाना खाना पस?द करता है । Raja likes to eat non-vegetarian food.
VERB ‒ TO CAN
Today
We will learn to express ability to do something, seeking or giving permission
and
probability
In English
We have verb ‘CAN’ and ‘MAY’ for help us
in Hindi
We a single verb is used for
Both
‘सकना’
LET’S OBSERVE THESE SENTENCES GIVEN BELOW:
Wया आप Qह\दK बोल सकते ह>? (ABILITY)
(verb = बोलना = to speak)
Wया म> Qद]लK जा सकता हूँ? (PERMISSION)
(Verb = जाना = to go)
आज भारत जीत सकता है । (PROBABLITY)
(verb = जीतना = to win)
RULE
• As we can clearly see that with ‘सकना’ the ‘ना’ of main verb is removed.
CONJUGATION TABLE - खाना with सकना
PRONOUN MAIN VERB MASCULINE FEMININE

म# खा सकता हूँ सकती हूँ
तम
ु खा सकते हो सकती हो
यह खा सकता है सकती है
वह खा सकता है सकती है
हम खा सकते ह# सकती ह#
आप खा सकते ह# सकती ह#
ये खा सकते ह# सकती ह#
वे खा सकते ह# सकती ह#
LET’S MAKE SOME MORE SENTENCES
HINDI ENGLISH
ABILITY
म# Fह?दW बोल सकता हूँ। I can speak Hindi.
वह vगटार बजा सकता है । He can play guitar.
हम गाड़ी चला सकते ह#। We can drive a car.

आप दस घंटे काम कर सकते ह#। You can work for ten hours.
वे JपेXनश बोल सकती ह#। They can speak Spanish.
5या आप Fह?दW bलख सकते ह#? Can you write in Hindi?
5या आप दस केले खा सकते ह#? Can you eat ten bananas?
PERMISSION
5या म# अ?दर आ सकता हूँ? May I come in?
5या म# बाहर जा सकता हूँ? May I go outside?
5या म# घर जा सकता हूँ? May I go home?
आप लंच कर सकते ह#। You may have lunch.
अब तम
ु खेल सकते हो। You may play now.
5या म# भाग ले सकता हूँ? May I participate?
5या म# मदद कर सकता हूँ? May I help you?
PROBABLITY
आज भारत जीत सकता है । India may win today.
आज वे अमरWका से आ सकते ह#। Today, they may return from USA.
कल बाsरश हो सकती है । It may rain tomorrow.
COMPOUND POSTPOSITION - WITH
Today
We will learn a postposition ‘WITH’
We have already done
‘POSTPOSITIONS’
in 4th, 6th and 7th Classes
BUT
We did only simple postpositions for example - से, का, के, कA, म8 etc.
These ‘POSTPOSITIONS’ had only one word
NOW
We will do compound postpositions
Which are made by two words
Like
WITH
is
‘के + साथ’
in Hindi
LET’S MAKE SOME SIMPLE SENTENCES
HINDI ENGLISH
लता राम के साथ Jकूल जाती है । Lata goes to school with Ram.
सैम राजा के साथ काम करता है । Sam works with Raja.
करन दोJत के साथ रहता है । Karan lives with friend.
म# कमल के साथ लंच करता हूँ। I take lunch with Kamal.
कमल सीता के साथ uडनर करता है । Kamal take dinner with Sita.
वे राजा के साथ चाय पीते ह#। They drink tea with Raja.
5या म# आपके साथ बैठ सकता हूँ? May I sit with you?
वे राधा के साथ Fह?दW सीखती ह#। They learn Hindi with Radha.
म# आज hवbलयम के साथ हूँ। I am with William, today.
We can see in the table given above that
With ‘PROPER NOUNS’
We can easily form sentences and use them in daily life
Now see the table given below
‘के साथ’ with pronouns
PRONOUNS ENGLISH
म# + के साथ मेरे साथ With me

तम
ु + के साथ तj
ु हारे साथ With you
यह + के साथ इसके साथ With him/her (proximate)
वह + के साथ उसके साथ With him/her (non-proximate)
हम + के साथ हमारे साथ With us
आप + के साथ आपके साथ With you
ये + के साथ इनके साथ With them (proximate)
वे + के साथ उनके साथ With them (non-proximate)
कौन (WHO) + के साथ = Dकसके साथ (with whom)
CLEAR?
आपके माता-Rपता Dकसके साथ रहते ह>?

With whom your parent live?
मेरे माता-Rपता मेरे साथ रहते ह>।
My parents live with me.
राम Dकसके साथ रहता है ?

With whom Ram stays?
राम मेरे साथ रहता है ।
Ram stays with me.
Wया तम ु मेरे साथ Qद]लK जाना चाहते हो?

Do you want to come Delhi with me?
हाँ, म> आपके साथ Qद]लK जाना चाहता हूँ।
Yes, I want to go with you to Delhi.
Wया तम
ु राधा और सीता के साथ चाय पीना चाहती हो?
Do you want to drink tea with Radha and Sita?
नहKं, म> उनके साथ चाय नहKं पीना चाहती।
No, I don’t want to drink tea with them.
वे Dकसके साथ काम करते ह>?

With whom they work?
वे राम और राजा के साथ काम करते ह>।
They work with Ram and Raja.
Wया कार के साथ एक फ़ोन eA है ?

Is a phone is free with a car?
हाँ इसके एक फ़ोन eA है ।
A phone is free with it.
COMPOUND POSTPOSITION ‒ AT THE
PLACE OF
Today
We will learn a postposition ‘AT THE PLACE OF’
‘POSTPOSITIONS’
in 4th, 6th, 7th and 14th Classes
We have done already
‘के साथ’
which is equivalent to ‘WITH’
NOW
We will do
‘के यहाँ’
which is used
for
‘AT THE PLACE OF’ ‘AT THE HOUSE OF’
First of all we will practice ‘के यहाँ’ with some simple sentences containing proper nouns
At the place of Ram - राम के यहाँ
HINDI ENGLISH
आज दावत राम के यहाँ है । Today, party is at Ram’s place.
आज सब दोJत सीता के यहाँ ह#। Today, all the friends are at Sita’s place.
राम राधा के यहाँ हरोज़ जाता है । Ram goes to Radha’s house every day.
म# हरोज़ चाची के यहाँ खाना खाता हूँ। I eat at Aunt’s place every day.
तीन बजे से सैम के घर बहुत मेहमान ह#। Since 3 o’clock There are many guests at Sam’s place.
‘के यहाँ’ with pronouns
PRONOUNS ENGLISH
म# + के यहाँ मेरे यहाँ At my place

तम
ु + के यहाँ तj
ु हारे यहाँ At your place
यह + के यहाँ इसके यहाँ At his/her place (proximate)
वह + के यहाँ उसके यहाँ At his/her (non-proximate)
हम + के यहाँ हमारे यहाँ At our place
आप + के यहाँ आपके यहाँ At your place
ये + के यहाँ इनके यहाँ At their place (proximate)
वे + के यहाँ उनके यहाँ At their place (non-proximate)
कौन (WHO) + के यहाँ = Dकसके यहाँ (at whose place)
CLEAR?
आज दावत Dकसके यहाँ है ?

Today, at whose place party is?
आज दावत मेरे यहाँ है ।
Today party is at my place.
Wया मेरा बेटा आपके यहाँ है ?

Is my son at your place?
जी हाँ, आपका बेटा मेरे यहाँ है ।
Yes, he is at my place.
Wया तम ु मेरे यहाँ रहना चाहते हो?

Do you want to stay at my place?
हाँ, म> आपके यहाँ रहना चाहता हूँ।
Yes, I want to stay at your place.
Wया तम ु तीन बजे मेरे यहाँ आ सकते हो?

Could you come at my place at 3 o’clock?
नहKं, म> तीन बजे आपके यहाँ आ सकता हूँ।
No, I can’t come at your place at 3 o’clock.
Wया वह उनके यहाँ भी काम करती है ?

Does she work at their place also?
हाँ, वह उनके यहाँ भी काम करती है ।
Yes, she works at their place too.
वे Dकसके यहाँ पढ़ती ह>?

At whose place they study?
वे राधा और सीता के यहाँ पढ़ती ह>।
They study at Radha and Sita’s house.
COMPOUND POSTPOSITION ‒ FOR
Today
We will learn a postposition ‘FOR’
‘SOME POSTPOSITIONS’
in 4th, 6th, 7th and 14th and in last Class
We have done already studied
‘के साथ’ ‘के यहाँ’ ‘के पास’
Those who have done all these classes
Are very aware of the structure of sentences
containing
Compound postpositions
‘के Gलए’
is used
as
‘A GIFT FOR RAM’
not like X
‘I have been studying here for 3 hours’
First of all we will practice ‘के bलए’ with some sentences of simple proper nouns
A gift for Ram - राम के Gलए तोहफ़ा
HINDI ENGLISH
यह तोहफ़ा राम के bलए है । This gift is for Ram.
यह खाना मेरे चाचा के bलए है । This food is for my uncle.
म# कालू के bलए घड़ी ख़रWदना चाहता हूँ। I want to buy a watch for Kalu.
ये कपड़े सबु ह के bलए ह#। These clothes are for morning.
वे पेन yोफ़ेसर के bलए ह#। Those pens are for professor.
वह कुसz अlयापक के bलए है । That chair is for teacher.
‘के Gलए’ with pronouns
PRONOUNS ENGLISH
म# + के bलए मेरे bलए for me

तम
ु + के bलए तj
ु हारे bलए for you
यह + के bलए इसके bलए for him/her (proximate)
वह + के bलए उसके bलए for him/her (non-proximate)
हम + के bलए हमारे bलए for us
आप + के bलए आपके bलए for you
ये + के bलए इनके bलए for them (proximate)
वे + के bलए उनके bलए for them (non-proximate)
कौन (WHO) + के Gलए = Dकसके Gलए (for whom)
आज दावत Dकसके Gलए है ?

For whom today the party is?
आज दावत मेरे fोफ़ेसर के Gलए है ।
Today the party is for my professor.
तम
ु यह तोहफ़ा Dकसके Gलए ख़रKदना चाहते हो?
For whom you want to buy this gift?
म> यह तोहफ़ा आपके Gलए ख़रKदना चाहता हूँ।
I want to buy this gift for you.
Wया वह तhु हारे Gलए खाना बनाती है ?

Does she cook for you?
हाँ, वह मेरे Gलए खाना बनाती है ।
Yes, she cooks for me.
Wया सैम ओर RवGलयम के Gलए आपके पास Qटकट है ?

Do you have tickets for Sam and William?
हाँ, उनके Gलए मेरे पास Qटकट है ।
Yes, I have tickets for them.
Wया आप मेरे Gलए एक Dकताब ख़रKद सकते ह>?

Could you buy a book for me?
हाँ, म> तh
ु हारे Gलए Dकताब ख़रKद सकता हूँ।
Yes, I can buy a book for you.
Wया आप सैम के Gलए आइसjAम बना सकते ह>?

Can you make ice-cream for Sam?
हाँ, म> इसके Gलए आइसjAम बना सकता हूँ।
Yes, I can make ice-cream for him.
COMPOUND POSTPOSITIONS
Today
We will learn some postpositions
‘SOME POSTPOSITIONS’
in 4th, 6th, 7th, 14th, 15th and in last Class
We have done already studied
‘के साथ’ ‘के यहाँ’ ‘के पास’ ‘के Gलए’
Those who have done all these classes
Are very aware of the structure of sentences
containing
Compound postpositions.
As we have been already doing in last classes
We know very well the structure and sentence formation
So
Let’s do some postpositions
In a go
Because
If we give one class for one postposition
It will probably take 10 classes to
Study all the ‘PREPOSITIONS’ only
So let’s START
Have a look on the list
HERE IS THE LIST
HINDI ENGLISH
के ऊपर on
के नीचे under
के बाहर outside
के अ?दर inside
के सामने In front of
के पीछे behind
के qबना without
के पहले before
के बाद after
PRONOUNS + POSTPOSITION
म# + के qबना मेरे qबना without me
तम
ु + के पहले तj
ु हारे पहले before you
यह + के बाद इसके बाद after him/her (proximate)
वह + के पीछे उसके पीछे behind him/her (non-prox.)
हम + के सामने हमारे सामने in front of us
आप + के ऊपर आपके ऊपर above you
ये + के नीचे इनके नीचे under them (proximate)
वे + के qबना उनके qबना without them (non-

proximate)
I HOPE IT’S CLEAR
HINDI ENGLISH
राजू चीनी के qबना चाय नहWं पीता। Ramu does not drink tea without sugar.
कपरू पsरवार शमाO पsरवार के नीचे रहता है । Kapoor family lives under Sharma family.
बUचा माँ के पीछे चलता है । Child follows mother.
yोफ़ेसर छह बजे के बाद आते ह#। Professor comes after 6 o’clock.
कु|ा मेज़ पर है । Dog is on the table.
सैम के घर के अ?दर एक बगीचा है । There is a garden in Sam’s house.
सैम के घर के सामने एक bसनेमा है । There is a cinema in front of Sam’s house.
मेरे* घर के नीचे एक संद

ु र लड़कA रहती है । A beautiful girl lives under my house.
(oblique case)
वह फ़ोन के qबना काम करता है । He works without a phone.
वे छह बजे के पहले Jकूल आते ह#। He comes before 6 o’clock.
आपक\ Dकताब के नीचे मेरW Dकताब है । My book is under your book.

आपका कु|ा मेरW गाड़ी के ऊपर बैठता है । Your dog sits on my car.
छाm yोफ़ेसर के पीछे चलते ह#। Students follow professor.
घर के अ?दर तीन कमरे ह#। There are three rooms in the house.
POSTPOSITIONS with pronouns
LET’S FORM SENTENCES WITH PRONOUNS
म# तjु हारे qबना Fद_लW नहWं जाना चाहती।

I don’t want to go to Delhi without you.
5या उनके बाद म# टायलेट जा सकता हूँ?

Can I go to toilettes after them?
हमारे पहले यहाँ कौन आता है ?

Who comes here before us?
मेरे सामने एक पsरवार रहता है ।

A family lives in front of me. (my house)
NOUNS + POSTPOSITIONS
Today
We will learn how nouns behave
WITH POSTPOSITIONS
So far
We have done POSTPOSITIONS
And
NOUNS (singular-plural)
In previous lessons
Now
Let’s do them together
This is
NOUNS + POSTPOSITIONS = OBLIQUE CASE
LET’S OBSERVE THE BEHAVIOR OF NOUNS
There is a table and a chair in the room.

कमरा म8 एक मेज़ और कुसk है । WRONG
कमरे म8 एक मेज़ और एक कुसk है । RIGHT *MASCULINE SINGULAR ENDING WITH आ
कमरा (masculine singular noun) + म8 (postposition) = कमरे म8
Hindi students live in the rooms.

कमरे म8 Qह\दK छाU रहते ह>। WRONG
कमरl म8 Qह\दK छाU Qह\दK रहते ह>। RIGHT
कमरे (masculine plural noun) + म8 (postposition) = कमरl म8
Kamal sit in the wooden chair.
कमल लकड़ी कA कुसk पर बैठता है । RIGHT *NO CHANGE FOR FEMININE SINGULAR
लकड़ी क\ कुसz (feminine singular noun) + पर (postposition) = लकड़ी क\ कुसz पर
Teachers sit in the wooden chairs.

लकड़ी कA कुGसIयाँ पर अnयापक बैठते ह>। WRONG
लकड़ी कA कुGसIयl पर अnयापक बैठते ह>। RIGHT
लकड़ी कA कुGसIयाँ (feminine plural noun) + पर (postposition) = लकड़ी कA कुGसIयl पर
Three persons live in the house.

एक घर म8 तीन लोग रहते ह>। RIGHT *NO CHANGE
घर (masculine singular noun) + मE (postposition) = घर मE
Seven persons live in two houses.

दो घर म8 सात लोग रहते ह>। WRONG
दो घरl म8 सात लोग रहते ह>। RIGHT
घर (masculine plural noun) + म8 (postposition) = घरl म8
This is the room of students.

यह छाU का कमरा है । WRONG
यह छाUl का कमरा है । RIGHT
छाU (masculine plural noun) + का (postposition) = छाUl का
This is the room of girl students.

यह छाUाएँ का कमरा है । WRONG
यह छाUाओं का कमरा है । RIGHT
छाUाएँ (feminine plural noun) + का (postposition) = छाUाओं का
LET’S MAKE IT CLEAR
RULE
CASE MASCULINE SINGULAR MASCULINE PLURAL

DIRECT
(not followed by postposition राजा का बेटा राजा के बेटे
in the sentence)
OBLIQUE
(followed by postposition in राजा के बेटे + ppn. राजा के बेट} + ppn.
the sentence)
DIRECT
(not followed by postposition Fह?दW का छाm Fह?दW के छाm
in the sentence)
OBLIQUE
(followed by postposition in Fह?दW के छाm + ppn. Fह?दW के छाm} + ppn.
the sentence)
FEMININE SINGULAR FEMININE PLURAL
DIRECT
(not followed by postposition राजा क\ बेटW राजा क\ बेFटयाँ
in the sentence)
OBLIQUE
(followed by postposition in राजा क\ बेटW + ppn. राजा क\ बेFटय} + ppn.
the sentence)
DIRECT
(not followed by postposition Fह?दW क\ छाmा Fह?दW क\ छाmाएँ
in the sentence)
OBLIQUE
(followed by postposition in Fह?दW क\ छाmा + ppn. Fह?दW क\ छाmाओं + ppn.
the sentence)
EXAMPLES FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING
Direct case: सीता राजा कA बेटK है ।

Sita is King’s daughter.
Direct case: सीता और राधा राजा कA बेQटयाँ ह#।

Sita and Radha are King’s daughters.
Oblique case: यह घर राजा कA बेटK का है । *postposition in green

This is King’s daughter’s house.
Oblique case: यह घर राजा कA बेQटयl का है । *postposition in green
The house belongs to King’s daughters.
IF MORE THAN TWO POSTPOSITIONS IN A SENTENCES
OBSERVE
(i) यह राजा का महल है । (one postposition)
This is King’s palace.
(ii) यह राजा के महल का दरवाज़ा है । (two postpositions)
This is door of King’s palace.
(iii) यह राजा के महल के दरवाज़े कA फ़ोटो है । (three postpositions)
This is the photo of the door of King’s palace.
SOME SENTENCES
मेरे थैले मE कपड़े ह#। There are clothes in my bag.
5या आपके थैले मE केले है ? Are there bananas in your bag?
सब कमर} मE कुbसOयाँ ह#। There are chairs in all the rooms.
5या ये आपक\ बेFटय} क\ DकताबE ह#? Are these books of your daughters?
आप छाmाओं के bलए पेन ख़रWदना चाहते ह#। You want to buy pens for your students.
वह राजा के भाइय} के साथ जा रहा है । He is going with Raja’s brothers.
5या यह आपक\ प~नी क\ फ़ोटो है ? Is this your wife’s photo.
आप जानवर} के साथ फ़ोटो लेना चाहते ह#? Do you want to take photo with animals?
5या तम
ु मेरे दोJत के यहाँ जा सकते हो? Can you go to my friend’s place?
यह Dकताब मेरे दोJत क\ है । This is my friend’s book.
5या तj
ु हारे भाई के पास गाड़ी है ? Does your brother have car?
वह मेरे दोJत} के qबना नहWं जाना चाहता। He does not want to go without my friends.
INDIRECT OBJECT
Welcome to 19th class
Today
We will learn and work on sentence structure
So far
We have covered some grammar topics
and
with each topic we have made some sentences
As we know sentence formation is the base of any language so it deserves a specific class
only
on
SENTENCE STRUCTURE
LET’S SEE THESE SENTENCES
म> Qह\दK सीखता हूँ।

I learn Hindi.
I + Hindi + learn + ‘to be’
Subject + Object +Verb + Auxiliary ‘to be’
म> छह बजे Qह\दK सीखता हूँ।

I learn Hindi at 6 o’clock
I + 6 o’clock + Hindi + learn + ‘to be’
Subject + Time + Object + Verb + Auxiliary ‘to be’
म> राम के यहाँ Qह\दK सीखता हूँ।

I learn Hindi with Ram.
I + at Ram’s house + Hindi + verb + ‘to be’
Subject + Compliment of place + Object + Verb + Auxiliary ‘to be’
I hope it’s quite clear
All these sentences given above have only one object
Now
Observe these sentences
HINDI ENGLISH
म# कमल को Dकताब दे ता हूँ। I give the book to Kamal.
वह राधा को Fह?दW bसखाता हूँ। He teaches Hindi to Radha.
हम राजा को फ़ोन करना चाहते ह#। We want to call Raja.
Structure of the sentences in the table
म# + कमल + को + Dकताब + दे ता + हूँ
I + Kamal + to + book + give + Auxiliary ‘to be’
Subject + Object (2nd) + Postposition + Object (1st) + verb + Auxiliary ‘to be’
Here, in this sentence, We have two objects
1st – BOOK
2nd – Kamal
As this object is followed by postposition ‘को’ the second object is called
INDIRECT OBJECT
HINDI ENGLISH
म# सैम को tपये भेजना चाहता हूँ। I want to send money to Sam.
5या तमु hवbलयम को चाय hपला सकते हो? Can you give water to William ?
म# चाचा को बल
ु ाना चाहता हूँ। I want to invite uncle.
वह करन को जगा रहा है । He is waking Karan up.
माँ बUचे को खाना •खला रहW है । Mother is feeding the child.
* With living objects it’s obligatory to use ‘को’ but with non-living objects it’s often avoided
Now
The use of ‘को’ given above is a use as a ‘POSTPOSITON’?
But
There are some verbs and expressions where these verbs are used,
The subject is followed by ‘को’
* These verbs often express a sentiment, a knowledge and a feeling where the subject is Involuntarily
affected
INDIRECT VERB
in our last class we have already done INDIRECT OBJECT
in this class
We will learn INDIRECT VERBS
As we have these sentences with INDIRECT OBJECTS
HINDI ENGLISH
म# कमल को Dकताब दे ता हूँ। I give the book to Kamal.
वह राधा को Fह?दW bसखाता हूँ। He teaches Hindi to Radha.
हम राजा को फ़ोन करना चाहते ह#। We want to call Raja.
Structure of the sentences in the table
म# + कमल + को + Dकताब + दे ता + हूँ
I + Kamal + to + book + give + Auxiliary ‘to be’
Subject + Object (2nd) + Postposition + Object (1st) + verb + Auxiliary ‘to be’
Here, in this sentence, we have two objects
1st – BOOK (Dकताब)
2nd – Kamal (कमल)
Because this object (Kamal) is followed by postposition ‘को’ the it is called
INDIRECT OBJECT
I hope indirect object is quite clear
Now
What is an ‘INDIRECT VERB’
and
Why it is called ‘INDIRECT’
Here is the reason
These verbs are not connected directly with subject
But
There is an ‘Postposition’ ‘को’ between two of them
and
There are certain verbs and expressions with an in-built
‘को’
* These verbs often express a sentiment, a knowledge and a feeling where the subject is Involuntarily
affected
In next few lessons we will practice more of these verbs and expressions

SEE SOME VERBS/EXPRESSIONS GIVEN BELOW
Expression Meaning
को आना to know something to do
राम को पढ़ना आता है ।

Ram knows how to read.
को चाQहए to want something
राजा को पानी चाQहए

Raja wants to have water.
को अVछा लगना to like
कमल को खाना अVछा लगता है ।

Kamal likes to eat.
को पस\द होना to like
सन
ु ीता को आम खाना पस\द है ।
Sunita likes to eat mango.
को याद होना to remember
Wया आपको परु ाना Mकूल याद है ।

Do you remember old school?
को पड़ना to be obliged to
सरवन को खाना बनाना पड़ता है ।

Sarvan is obliged to prepare food.
को मालम
ू होना to know something
Wया आपको सन ु ील का पता मालम ू है ?

Do you know Sunil’s address?
को पता होना to know something
Wया कुमार को आपका घर पता है ?

Does Kumar know your address?
EXPRESS NEED AND DESIRE
Today
We will learn, how to express desire and need in Hindi
‘चाहना’ ‘TO WANT’
Now
Let’s do some other useful expressions which are frequently used
In spoken Hindi
‘को चाQहए’ is one of these verbs/expressions
Literally ‘को चाQहए’ is ‘needed to someone’
As you can see here, there is a ‘को’
So this is an INDIRECT VERB/EXPRESSION
Now

राम को पानी चाQहए।
Water is needed to Ram
Ram needs some water

राधा और सीता को कपड़े चाQहए।
Clothes are needed to Radha and Sita.
Radha and seta need clothes.
See, that’s very simple to use ‘को चाQहए’ with any noun, by adding ‘को चाQहए’ we can make any sentence
which express need and desire
LET’S MAKE SOME MORE
HINDI ENGLISH
RवGलयम को घड़ी चाQहए। William needs a watch.
Wया कमला और एमी को पानी चाQहए? Do Kamala and Emmy need some water?
कRपल को दस oपये चाQहए। Kapil needs ten rupees.
कमIचारK को छुpQटयाँ चाQहए। Employee wants holidays
पापा को छाता चाQहए। Papa wants an umbrella
मेहमान को तौGलया चाQहए। Guest needs a towel.
Examples given in the table indicate the ease of using this verb/expression
But
you may ask yourself that
How would I say ‘I need some water’?
or
more precisely, how we can use this verb/expression with pronouns
to learn that – we have to go through this table
PRONOUNS PRONOUNS + को CONTRACTED FORM

म# मझ
ु को मझ
ु े
तम
ु तम
ु को तj
ु हE
यह इसको इसे
वह उसको उसे
हम हमको हमE
आप आपको आपको
ये इनको इ?हE
वे उनको उ?हE
कौन Dकसको Dकसे
Dकन Dकनको Dक?हE
• Both forms are used is spoken Hindi but CONTRACTED FORM is more formal

Wया आपको कुछ चाQहए?
Do you need something?

जी हाँ, मझ
ु े पानी चाQहए।
Yes, I need some water.
आपको Wया चाQहए?

What do you need?

मझ
ु े एक थैला चाQहए।
I need a bag
Wया RवGलयम को मेरा फ़ोन नhबर चाQहए।

Does William need my phone number

नहKं, उसे आपका फ़ोन नhबर नहKं चाQहए।
No, he does not need your phone number.

Wया राधा और एमा को खाना चाQहए?
Do Radha and Emma need food?

हाँ, उ\ह8 भी खाना चाQहए।
Yes, they need food too.

Wया तh
ु ह8 और पानी चाQहए।
Do you want more water?
नहKं, मझ
ु े और पानी नहKं चाQहए।
No please, I don’t need more water.

Wया बेला को घर चाQहए?
Does Bella need a house?

हाँ, उसे एक घर चाQहए लेDकन छोटा।
Yes, she needs a house but a small one.



TO KNOW
Welcome to your 22nd lesson
Today
In previous lessons we have learnt that how indirect verbs behave and now we are going for
more useful verbs one by one
and today’s verb is ‘TO KNOW’
Before doing this I must tell you that this verb exists in both forms
‘DIRECT and INDIRECT’
So Why not start with the easy one?
So, let me tell you
TO KNOW in HINDI is
‘जानना’
As you can see this verb ends also like any other verb in Hindi
With a ‘ना’
so we will not face any problem regarding Conjugation
In English as you know that we use ‘TO KNOW’ for
The people, places, information and to know something to do
Right?
SAME THING IN HINDI
ENGLISH HINDI GRAMMAR

I know William. म> RवGलयम को जानता हूँ। to know somebody
I know You. म> आपको जानता हूँ। to know somebody
I know your house. म> आपका घर जानता हूँ। to know places
I know your habits. म> तh
ु हारK आदत8 जानता हूँ। to have information
I know how to swim. म> तैरना जानता हूँ। to know to do something
I know how to speak Hindi. म> Qह\दK बोलना जानता हूँ। to know to do something
As we can see that with somebody or someone We have used ‘को’
and with places and skills we don’t use ‘को’
Now
Shouldn’t we make
MORE SENTENCES
Let’s go
HINDI ENGLISH
5या आप शमाO जी को जानते ह#? Do you know Mr. Sharma?
5या आप अंZेज़ी बोलना जानते ह#? Do you know how to speak English?
5या आप जानते ह#, उसका घर कहाँ है ? Do you know where his house is?
आप बहुत कुछ जानते ह#। You know a lot.
म# खाना बनाना नहWं जानता। I don’t know how to cook.
हम आपका तरWका जानना चाहते ह#। We want to know your method.
यह जानना बहुत आसान है । It’s very easy to know.
5या आप Êच जानती ह#? Do you know French?
म# ईमेल भेजना नहWं जानता। I don’t know how to send e-mails.
वे आपका नाम नहWं जानतीं। They don’t know your name.
तम
ु 5या जानना चाहते हो? What do you want to know?
5या आप अbमताभ को जानते ह#? Do you know Amitabh?
वे जानते ह# Dक वह कहाँ रहती है । They know that where she lives.
आप जानते ह#, Dकतने बजे ह#? Do you know what time it is?
Plenty of examples
I think
That was ‘जानना’ ‘TO KNOW’ Which is a direct verb
NOW
Another SYNONYM of ‘TO KNOW’ is ‘को आना’
Which is an ‘INDIRECT VERB’
We will do that in NEXT CLASS
TO KNOW
Welcome to your 23rd lesson, Today
In last lesson we have done ‘TO KNOW’ ‘जानना’
Which is quite simple to learn as this is a ‘DIRECT VERB’
Now
We will try to learn a new synonym and more used expression for
‘जानना’
this time
There is an ‘INDIRECT VERB’
‘को आना’
though ‘आना’ means to come, and therefore literally this would be ‘come to somebody’
BUT ‘को आना’ is
‘TO KNOW TO DO SOMETHING OR TO HAVE A SKILL’
and that’s why I prefer calling it ‘AN EXPRESSION’ not a ‘VERB’
LET’S REVISE LAST CLASS
QUESTIONS ANSWERS
5या आप जैक को जानते ह#? नहKं, म> जैक को नहKं जानता।
5या वे रोटW बनाना जानती ह#? हाँ, वे रोटK बनाना जानती ह>।
5या तम
ु Fह?दW bलखना जानते हो? हाँ, म> Qह\दK Gलखना जानता हूँ।
5या वह आपका घर जानता है ? नहKं, वह मेरा घर नहKं जानता।
5या कhपल और राधा तैरना जानते ह#? हाँ, वे तैरना जानते ह>।
5या hवलW मेरा पता जानता है ? हाँ, वह आपका पता जानता है ।
5या रमेश कपड़े bसलना जानता है ? नहKं, वह कपड़े Gसलना नहKं जानता।
5या आप जानते ह# Dक वह कहाँ है ? हाँ म> जानता हूँ Dक वह कहाँ है ।
NOW WE COME TO ‘को आना’

LET’S CONJUGATE THIS VERB WITH
A (FEMININE SINGULAR NOUN)

PRONOUNS+को OBJECT(F.) VERB (ACCORDS

WITH OBJECT)
म# + को = मझ
ु े Fह?दW आती है ।
तम
ु + को = तj
ु हE अंZेज़ी आती है ।
यह + को = इसे Êच आती है ।
वह + को = उसे vचmकारW आती है ।
हम + को = हमE यह भाषा आती है ।
ये + को = इ?हE जमOन आती है ।
वे + को = उ?हE उदO ू आती है ।

A (MASCULINE SINGULAR NOUN)

PRONOUNS + को OBJECT (M.) VERB (ACCORDS WITH

OBJECT)
तम
ु + को तj
ु हE जाद ू आता है ।
यह + को = इसे Êच गाना आता है ।
वह + को = उसे JपेXनश संगीत आता है ।
हम + को = हमE D•केट आता है ।
ये + को = इ?हE योग आता है ।
वे + को = उ?हE Fह?दW गाना आता है ।

A VERB

PRONOUNS + को OBJECT VERB (SKILL) VERB (NO
(M.) ACCORD)
मझ
ु े Fह?दW बोलना आता है ।
तj
ु हE जाद ू करना आता है ।
इसे Êच बोलना आता है ।
उसे hपƒजा बनाना आता है ।
हमE D•केट खेलना आता है ।
इ?हE योग करना आता है ।
उ?हE तैरना आता है ।
Well,
I hope it’s quite easy
The only thing we have to pay attention is
MASCULINE AND FEMININE OF NOUNS
Anyway
This verb is mostly used with languages which are always feminine in Hindi
* RULE: with ‘को आना’ with verbs is always ‘आता’ because verb in its infinitive form is considered
masculine



HINDI ENGLISH
5या आपको Fह?दW बोलना आता है ? Do you know how to speak Hindi?
मझ
ु े अंZेज़ी नहWं आती। I don’t know how to speak English?
उसे खाना बनाना नहWं आता। He does not know how to cook food?
हमE गाड़ी चलाना आता है । We know how to drive a car.
सैम और hवलW को Fह?दW bलखना आता है । Sam and Willi know how to write in Hindi.
कमल को ईमेल भेजना नहWं आता। Kamal does not know how to send an E-mail.
5या आपको bलखना आता है ? Do you know how to write?
मझ
ु े कj„यट
ू र चलाना नहWं आता। I don’t know how to work on Computer.
उसे वायbलन बजाना आता है । He knows how to play violin.
हमE चपाती बनाना आता है । We know how to cook chapattis.
वह काम करना जानता है । He knows how to work.
5या वह मझ
ु े जानता है ? Does he know me?
म# यहाँ bसफ़O आपको जानता हूँ। Here, I know you only.
वह योग करना भी जानता है । He knows how to do Yoga also.
5या उसे जाद ू आता है ? Does he know magic?
मझ
ु े बहुत गाने आते ह#। I know a lot of songs.
आपको vचmकारW आती है ? Do you know painting?
COMPULSION ‒ HAVE TO
Welcome to your 24th lesson, Today
In previous lessons we have done few indirect verbs already
Today we
will do one more indirect verb/expression
which is used for expressing
OBLIGATION – COMPULSION
Or
Simply ‘HAVE TO’ type of sentences
As you know we have to do every day some tasks and we are obliged to do these
So now you know
How to use ‘को पड़ना’
Some example sentences in English
• I have to work a lot every day.

• I have to send money to Ram.
• I have to read a book every day
• I have to make chapattis.
Observe the Hindi translation of these sentences
• मझ
ु े हरोज़ बहुत काम करना पड़ता है ।
• मझु े राम को पैसे भेजने पड़ते ह>।
• मझ
ु े हरोज़ एक Dकताब पढ़नी पड़ती है ।
• मझ
ु े चपाrतयाँ बनानी पड़ती ह>।
Did you get the difference between these sentences?
Each sentences have a different ending Right?
करना पड़ता है , भेजने पड़ते ह#, पढ़नी पड़ती है , बनानी पड़ती ह#
Why, So?
That’s because each sentence have different objects
• काम - Masculine Singular

• पैसे - Masculine Plural
• Dकताब - Feminine Singular
• चपाrतयाँ - Feminine Plural
* RULE – With ‘को पड़ना’ all three verbs accord with the noun and gender of the object of the
sentence.
करना (singular) - करने (plural)

करना (singular masculine) - करनी (singular feminine)
पड़ता (singular masculine) - पड़ते (masculine plural)
पड़ता (singular masculine) - पड़ती (feminine plural)
है (singular both masculine and plural) - ह> (plural)
Are we ready to make some sentences, now?
HINDI ENGLISH
मझ
ु े छह बजे उठना पड़ता है । I have to get up at 6’o clock.
उसे साइDकल से जाना पड़ता है । He has to go by bike.
इसे सवाल पछ
ू ने पड़ते ह#। He has to ask questions.
राम को फ़ोन करना पड़ता है । Ram has to call every day.
हमE ज_दW bलखना पड़ता है । We have to write fast.
राम को ज_दW सोना पड़ता है । Ram has to sleep early.
एमा को दवाई लेनी पड़ती है । Emma has to take medicine.
अlयापक को बहुत बोलना पड़ता है । Teacher has to speak a lot.
उसे होमवकO करना पड़ता है । He has to do homework.
सीता को स…ज़ी बनानी पड़ती है । Sita has to cook vegetables.
ु े रात को दMतर जाना पड़ता है ।
मझ I have to go to office at night.
दक
ु ानदार को साuड़याँ ख़रWदनी पड़ती ह#। Shopper has to buy sarees.
उ?हE हर साल घर बदलना पड़ता है । They have to change their house every
year.
COMPULSION ‒ SHOULD
In previous lesson we have done a bit about compulsion
BUT
All we did in last class was the ‘OUTER COMPULSION’
In simple words
THE THINGS WE ARE OBLIGED TO DO EVERY DAY
* A child has to do his homework every day

* He has to go to school early in the morning
* He has to go to bed early
NOW
You See?
But
Sometimes when are no more childish, we motivate ourselves to do something
AND
We make sentences like
*I should do my homework daily

* I should get up early in the morning
* I should go to bed early
OR
When we go to Doctor’s place
He advises us to do certain things
and, certainly we are not obliged to follow whatever he says
AND
That’s what ‘INNER COMPULSIOIN’ is
NOW
Let’s translate the sentences above
* मझ
ु े हरोज़ होमवकI करना चाQहए।
* मझ
ु े सब
ु ह ज]दK उठना चाQहए।
* मझ
ु े ज]दK सोना चाQहए।
NOW
Those who have done ‘को चाFहए’ (to express need and desire) may confuse between these
two expressions
* RULE - ‘को चाQहए’ and ‘को + verb + चाQहए’ are totally different and used for different communication
purposes.
‘को चाQहए’ is ‘NEEDED TO SOMEBODY’

‘को + VERB + चाQहए’ is SHOUD
* RULE – VERB will be accorded with the NOUN and GENDER of the object.
HINDI OBJECT ENGLISH

आपको यह दवाई लेनी चाFहए F. SINGULAR You should take this medicine.
आपको ये दवाइयाँ लेनी चाFहए। F. PLURAL You should take these medicines.
मझ
ु े हरोज़ केला खाना चाFहए। M. SINGULAR I should eat a banana every day.
तj
ु हE हरोज़ दस केले खाने चाFहए। M. PLURAL You should eat ten bananas every day.

HINDI ENGLISH
मझ
ु े छह बजे उठना चाFहए I should get up at 6’o clock.
उसे कसरत करनी चाFहए। He should do exercise.
इसे दो घंटे पढ़ना चाFहए। He should study for two hours.
राम को आराम करना चाFहए। Ram should have rest.
हमE ज_दW bलखना चाFहए। We should write fast.
राम को ज_दW सोना चाFहए। Ram should go to bed early.
एमा को दवाई लेनी चाFहए। Emma should take medicine.
आपको यह Dकताब पढ़नी चाFहए। You should read this book.
आपको एक बार Fद_लW जाना चाFहए। You should go to Delhi once.
सीता को धीरे बोलना चाFहए। Sita should speak slowly.
मझ ु े मेहनत करनी चाFहए। I should do hard work.
दकु ानदार को नई साuड़याँ ख़रWदनी चाFहए। Shopkeeper should buy new sarees.
उ?हE चचO जाना चाFहए। They should go to Church.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
We will learn ‘PRESENT CONTINUOUS’
As
Its name is ‘CONTINUOUS’ means it is used to express ‘CONTINUOUS ACTION’
See these examples for better understanding
Pay attention to English sentences only and compare
Ram goes to School daily

* राम हरोज़ Mकूल जाता है ।
It’s 7’o clock and Ram is going to School.

* सबु ह के सात बजे ह> और राम Mकूल जा रहा है ।
Now do you get the difference
First one express a HABIT of the subject - ‘Ram’
Meanwhile
Second one express a CONTINUOUS ACTION happening right now
Now, like another example
* I type for two hours.

* म> दो घंटे टाइप करता हूँ।
* I am typing in Hindi.
* म> Qह\दK म8 टाइप कर रहा हूँ।
Do you get the difference?
IF YES
Then, let’s move ahead
LET’S SEE THESE EXAMPLES

HINDI
SIMPLE जैक अमेजन मE काम करता है ।
Jack works at Amazon.
CONT. जैक दMतर मE है । जैक काम कर रहा है ।
Jack at the office. Jack is working.
SIMPLE भारत मE बहुत बाsरश होती है ।

It rains a lot in India.
CONT. आज बहुत बाsरश हो रहK है ।
It’s raining heavily today.
SIMPLE वे बहुत टWवी दे खते ह#।

They watch TV a lot.
CONT. आज मैच है । वे टWवी दे ख रहे ह#।
There is a match today. They are watching TV.
SIMPLE वे D•समस पर नए कपड़े ख़रKदती ह#।

They buy a new clothes for Christmas.
CONT. कल D•समस है । वे नए कपड़े ख़रKद रहK ह#।
It’s Christmas tomorrow. They are buying new clothes.

LET’S SEE WHAT COMES OUT OF OBSERVATION
VERB SUB. SIMPLE CONTINUOUS

काम करना M. SING. काम करता है काम कर रहा है
बाsरश होना F. SING. बाsरश होती है बाsरश हो रहW है
दे खना M. PL. दे खते है दे ख रहे ह#
ख़रWदना F. PL. ख़रWदती है ख़रWद रहW ह#
* RULE 1 - We remove ‘ना’ from the ‘INFINITIVE FORM’ of the verb.
‘करना’ – ‘कर’
‘होना’ – ‘हो’
‘दे खना’ – ‘दे ख’
‘ख़रKदना’ – ‘ख़रKद’
* RULE 2 - रहा, रहK, रहे , रहK are changed according to ‘NOUN’ and ‘GENDER’ of the
Subject. (They indicate the continuation of an action)
रहा - Masculine Singular

रहK - Feminine Singular
रहे - Masculine Plural
रहK - Feminine Plural
LETS PRACTICE MORE

PRONOUN OBJECT VERB VERB
FEMININ MASCULINE
म# खाना खा रहW हूँ खा रहा हूँ
तम
ु खाना खा रहW हो खा रहे हो
यह (proximate) खाना खा रहW है खा रहा है
वह (non-proximate) खाना खा रहW है खा रहा है
हम खाना खा रहW ह# खा रहे ह#
आप खाना खा रहW ह# खा रहे ह#
ये (proximate) खाना खा रहे ह# खा रहे ह#
वे (non proximate) खाना खा रहे ह# खा रहे ह#
NOW

HINDI ENGLISH
5या तम
ु नहा रहW हो? Are you bathing?
5या तम
ु घर जा रहW हो? Are you going home?
कल कौन आ रहा है ? Who is coming tomorrow?
5या वे Fह?दW सीख रहे है ? Are they learning Hindi?
वह आज Jकूल नहWं जा रहा। He is not going to School today.
यहाँ 5या हो रहा है ? What’s happening here?
हम कल Fद_लW जा रहW ह#। We are going to Delhi tomorrow.
म# टWवी दे ख रहा हूँ। I am watching TV.
HUNGER, WEATHER, THIRST
We have done ‘PRESENT CONTINUOUS’ in our last class
and
Now it’s time to use it in our ‘DAILY LIFE’
Well
We have done also
Some ‘INDIRECT EXPRESSIONS’
So let’s mix it up
LET’S SEE THE TABLE GIVEN BELOW

VERB HINDI ENGLISH
को ठं ड लगना to feel cold
को गमz लगना to feel hot
को भख
ू लगना to be hungry
को „यास लगना to be thirst

* RULE – All nouns (underlined in Red) are considered feminine so sentences will be like
राम को ठं ड लग रहW है । NOT राम को ठं ड लग रहा है ।

राम को भूख लग रहW है NOT राम को भूख लग रहा है
राम को „यास लग रहW है NOT राम को „यास लग रहW है ।

LET’S CONJUGATE
ठं ड लगना, भख
ू लगना
PRONOU+ को VERB ठं ड लगना VERB भख

ू लगना
मझ
ु े ठं ड लग रहW है । भख
ू लग रहW है ।
तj
ु हE ठं ड लग रहW है । भख
इसे ठं ड लग रहW है भख
उसे ठं ड लग रहW है । भख
हमE ठं ड लग रहW है । भख
आपको ठं ड लग रहW है । भख
इ?हE ठं ड लग रहW है । भख
उ?हE ठं ड लग रहW है । भख
NOW
LET’S ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS

HINDI ENGLISH
5या आपको ठं ड लग रहW है ? Are you feeling cold?
हाँ, मझ
ु े ठं ड लग रहW है । Yes, I am feeling cold.
5या तj
ु हE भख
ू लग रहW है ? Are you feeling hungry?
हाँ, मझ
ु े भख
ू लग रहW है । Yes, I am feeling hungry.
5या उसे „यास लग रहW है ? Is he feeling thirsty?
नहWं, उसे „यास नहWं लग रहW। No, he is not feeling thirsty.
5या उ?हE गमz लग रहW है ? Are they feeling hot?
हाँ, उ?हE गमz लग रहW है । Yes, they are feeling hot.
VERB ‒ TO LIKE - II
We have done one lesson already on ‘VERB – LIKE’
and now as we are progressing in our language
We must learn
Better ways to express one single thing
SO
Let’s see How we express our preferences in daily life
How to tell someone what do you like? What your favourite things are? What do you like to
do every day?
As we are already doing ‘INDIRECT VERBS’
There are again two expressions
for
‘TO LIKE’
First is
‘को पस\द होना’
‘TO BE FAVOURITE TO SOMEONE’
EXAMPLES

LIKE SOMETHING

* मझु े पंजाबी खाना पस?द है ।
I like to eat Punjabi food.

* मझ ु े केले पस?द ह#।
I like to eat bananas.

LIKE TO DO SOMETHING
* मझ
ु े पंजाबी खाना बनाना पस?द है ।
I like to cook Punjabi food.

* मझ
ु े केले खाना पस?द है ।
I like to eat bananas

Easy, Right?

* RULE – ‘पस?द’ does not accord with the ‘OBJECT’ but VERB ‘TO BE’ will be changed.
Like ‘पंजाबी खाना’ is singular so ‘है ’ but ‘केले’ is plural so ‘ह#’
* RULE - With another verb in sentences (to like to do something type sentences) ‘को पस?द
होना’ does not change at all, it remains same with ‘केले खाना’ and ‘पंजाबी खाना खाना’

मझ
ु े केले खाना पस?द है ।
5या तj
ु हE घम
ू ना पस?द है ?
Do you like to travel?
राम को नए कपड़े ख़रWदना पस?द है ।

Ram like to buy new clothes.
उसे DकताबE पढ़ना पस?द है ।

He likes to read books.
5या आपको Fह?दW Dफ़_म दे खना पस?द है ?

Do you like to watch Hindi film?
5या आपको परु ाने घर पस?द ह#?

Do you like old houses?
हमE भारत के Dकले पस?द ह#।

We like forts of India.
उ?हE Fद_लW जाना बहुत पस?द है ।

They like to go to Delhi a lot.
5या जैक और JटWव को भारत आना पस?द है ?

Do Jack and Steve like to come to India.
Second Expression is
को अVछा लगना
How we use it?
SEE THESE EXAMPLES

मझ
ु े केले अUछे लगते ह#। (MASCULINE PLURAL)
I like bananas.
मझ
ु े केले खाना अUछा लगता है ।
मझ
ु े Fह?दW Dफ़_मE अUछB लगती ह#। (FEMININ PLURAL)
I like Hindi films.
मझ
ु े Fह?दW Dफ़_मE दे खना अUछा लगता है ।
I like to watch Hindi films.
मझ
ु े Fह?दJ
ु तानी खाना अUछा लगता है । (MASCULINE SINGULAR)
I like Indian food.
मझ
ु े Fह?दJ
ु तानी खाना खाना अUछा लगता है ।
I like to eat Indian food.
मझ
ु े हरW साड़ी अUछB लगती है । (FEMININE SINGULAR)
I like green saree.
मझ
ु े हरW साड़ी पहनना अUछा लगता है ।
I like to wear green saree.


* RULE – In the sentences ‘LIKE TO DO SOMETHING’, ‘अVछा लगना’ does not change at all, not
matter what’s the gender and noun of object

* In the sentences ‘LIKE SOMETHING’,’अVछा लगना’ accords with ‘OBJECT’

IF

Object is

MASCULINE SINGULAR – अVछा लगता है
MASCULINE PLURAL - अVछे लगते ह>

FEMININE SINGULAR - अVछu लगती
FEMININE PLURAL - अVछu लगती ह>

* VERB ‘TO BE’ will be changed into ‘ह>’ for plurals

LET’S MAKE MORE SENTENCES

मझ
ु े Fह?दW DकताबE पढ़ना अUछा लगता है ।
I like to ready Hindi books.
उसे ^ाँसीसी खाना अUछा लगता है ।

He likes French food.
मझ
ु े यह Jकूल अUछा लगता है ।
I like this school.
कhपल को भारतीय संगीत अUछा लगता है ।

Kapil likes Indian music.
5या आपको बनारसी साuड़याँ अUछB लगती ह#?
Do you like Banaras’s Sarees?
राम को D•केट और फुटबाल पस?द ह#।

Ram likes cricket and football.
उसे खेलना बहुत अUछा लगता है ।

He likes to play a lot.
उ?हE जमOन गाuड़याँ बहुत अUछB लगती ह#।

They like German cars a lot.
शालू को अंZेज़ लड़के अUछे लगते ह#।

Shalu likes English boys.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
We have done ‘PRESENT CONTINUOUS’
Which is used to express ‘CONTINUOUS ACTION’
But
Sometimes, there are some actions which are being continued since
A point of time
Or
A period of time
Here, we use ‘PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS’
That means
Some part of task is already completed ‘PERFECT’ but still the task is
‘CONTINUOUSLY BEING DONE’
So
To make some sentences in this tense we would be needing certainly some time vocabulary
So
Let’s go through this list
VOCABULARY OF TIME
HINDI ENGLISH GENDER
घंटा Hour Masculine
Fदन Day Masculine
हMता Week Masculine
महWना Month Masculine
साल Year Masculine
सोमवार Monday Masculine
मंगलवार Tuesday Masculine
बध
ु वार Wednesday Masculine
गुtवार Thursday Masculine
श•
ु वार Friday Masculine
शXनवार Saturday Masculine
रhववार Sunday Masculine
जनवरW January Masculine
फ़रवरW February Masculine
माचO March Masculine
अyैल April Masculine
मई May Masculine
जन
ू June Masculine
जल
ु ाई July Masculine
अगJत August Masculine
bसतjबर September Masculine
अ5टूबर October Masculine
नवjबर November Masculine
Fदसjबर December Masculine
LET’S SEE THESE EXAMPLES
म> एक घंटे से Qह\दK पढ़ रहा हूँ।

I have been learning Hindi for an hour.
म> दो बजे से बोल रहा हूँ।

I have been speaking since 2’o clock.
सीता दो हvतl से खाना बनाना सीख रहK है ।

Sita has been learning cooking for two weeks.
कमल एक महKने से Qद]लK म8 रह रहा है ।

Kamal has been living in Delhi for one month.
हम दस महKनl से e8च सीख रहे ह>।

We have been learning French for ten months.
वह शjु वार से अMपताल जा रहा है ।

He has been going to hospital since Friday.
वे जनवरK से यहाँ काम कर रहे ह>।

He has been working since January.
राधा और कमल आठ साल से शादK-शद ु ा ह>।

Radha and Kamal have been married for 8 years.
* RULE – Time clauses are place after the subject in the sentence.
* RULE – 2 ‘से’ is placed after time clause, (in English we have ‘since’ and ‘for’ but in Hindi
there in only a ‘से’ for both
* RULE 3 – Normal ‘PRESENT CONTINUOUS’ is used

तमु Dकतने बजे से Qह\दK पढ़ रहे हो?

Since what time you are learning Hindi?
म> दो बजे से Qह\दK पढ़ रहा हूँ।

I have been learning Hindi since 2’o clock.
सीता कब से खाना बनाना सीख रहK है ।

Since when Sita is learning cuisine.
सीता दो हvतl से खाना बनाना सीख रहK है ।

Sita has been learning cooking for two weeks.
आप कब से e8च सीख रहे ह>।

Since when you are learning French?
हम दस महKनl से e8च सीख रहे ह>।

We have been learning French for ten months.

QUESTIONS - WHY
We hear people saying sometimes that there is no answer of a ‘WHY’
But
Actually, there is
So let’s find out what’s that?
First of all, let me tell you
WHY is 5य} in Hindi
Now
OBSERVE THESE SENTENCES

HINDI ENGLISH
आप यहाँ 5य} आते ह#? Why do you come here?
वह Fद_लW 5य} जा रहा है ? Why he is going to Delhi?
वह सब
ु ह ज_दW 5य} उठता है ? Why does he wake up early?
आप यह Dकताब 5य} पढ़ रहे ह#? Why do you read this book?
आप अंदर 5य} जा रहे ह#? Why are you going inside?
आप यहाँ 5य} रहते ह#? Why do you live here?
वह Fह?दW 5य} सीख रहा है ? Why does he learn Hindi?
आप उदास 5य} ह#? Why are you sad?


Now

We can see

What’s the place of ‘5य}’ in a sentence?

It’s right before the main verb.

How to answer these questions?

SEE THIS EXAMPLE

* आप यहाँ Wयl आते ह>?
म> यहाँ काम करने के Gलए आता हूँ।

* वह Qद]लK Wयl जा रहा है ?
वह Qद]लK पढ़ने के Gलए जा रहा है ।

* RULE – VERB (infinitive form) + के Gलए

करना + के Gलए = करने के Gलए
पढ़ना + के Gलए = पढ़ने के Gलए

Sometimes, people just say पढ़ने and करने, they don’t use ‘Gलए’ to make it short and
normally with verbs of ‘transportation’ come and go

* We answer these questions by ‘WयlDक’ which is ‘BECAUSE’

वह सबु ह ज]दK Wयl उठता है ?
Why does he wake up early?

वह Mकूल जाने के Gलए ज]दK उठता है ।
He wakes up early to go to school.

आप यह Dकताब Wयl पढ़ रहे ह>?
Why are you reading this book

WयlDक, यह Dकताब बहुत अVछu है ।
Because this book is good.

आप अंदर Wयl जा रहे ह>?
Why are you going inside?

म> अंदर पानी पीने जा रहा हूँ।
I am going inside to drink water.

आप यहाँ Wयl रहते ह>?
Why do you live here?

म> यहाँ रहता हूँ WयlDक यह मेरा घर है ।
I live here because this is my house.

वह Qह\दK Wयl सीख रहा है ?
Why does he learn Hindi?

वह Qह\दK सीख रहा है WयlDक वह भारत जाना चाहता है ।
He is learning Hindi because he wants to go to India.

आप उदास Wयl ह>?
Why are you sad?

म> उदास हूँ WयlDक म> बीमार हूँ।
I am sad because I am sick.


HINDI 30 Days English Grammar Teaching

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PERSONAL PRONOUNS

Welcome to your first Hindi class,

Can you imagine which are those words?

These words are: I YOU HE SHE IT WE THEY WHO WHAT

LET’S MAKE IT CLEAR:

Let’s see these examples for better understanding

We are going to learn EXISTENTIAL use of verb ‘होना’.

In last class we have learned PRONOUNS

Let’s see the table below:

SUBJECT VERB SUBJECT + VERB

(i) With ‘म#’, ‘हूँ’ is used

(ii) With ‘तम

(iii) Other singular pronouns and nouns ‘है ’ is used

LET’S USE WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED:

They are happy.

You are beautiful.

You are troubled.

Welcome to your third lesson,

Today, we will learn present simple

HINDI VERB ENGLISH

‘खाना’ is conjugated according to third person, singular

PRONOUNS MASCULINE FEMININE

म# बोलता हूँ बोलती हूँ

LET’S MAKE IT CLEAR:

LET’S MAKE SOME PHRASES:

Ram drinks coffee,

Sita and Reena speak French.

वे समोसा खाती ह#।

We will learn a postposition

We place them before the noun,

from, since, by, than

She is from France.

They go to school by bus.

He has been here since 9 June.

Ram is better than Sam.

They are from Panjab.

They come by car.

We will learn singular and plural nouns in Hindi language

We don’t have fix rules to determine gender of a noun

As there are many exceptions with each rule

In fact, non-living objects have gender too in Hindi

We definitely have some rules making a singular noun to plural

• Masculine nouns with ‘आ’ in the end, change to ‘ए’

लड़का Boy लड़के Boys

कमरा Room कमरे Rooms

बेटा Son बेटे Sons

केला Banana केले Bananas

लड़क\ Girl लड़Dकयाँ Girls

XततलW Butterfly Xततbलयाँ Butterflies

बेटW Daughter बेFटयाँ Daughters

bमठाई Sweet bमठाइयाँ Sweets

शाखा Branch शाखाएँ Branches

सभा Meeting सभाएँ Meetings

मFहला Lady मFहलाएँ Ladies

गाय Cow गायE Cows

Dकताब Book DकताबE Books

औरत Woman औरतE Women

मामा Maternal Uncle

LET’S USE WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED

We will learn a new postposition – ‘OF’ in Hindi

Son of the King

‘का, के, कA’

का - If the object possessed is singular masculine