t Mi\]iae_ ae^fidYkafe t Heglk iYe_] ^fi k`] j]ejfi t ClYc NHC [fekifc ^le[kafe

P^e^\mZ[e^ m^fi^kZmnk^ P^e^\mZ[e^ m^fi^kZmnk^ Ta^g \hgmkhebg` m^fi^kZmnk^, mph mri^l h_ \hgmkhe \aZkZ\m^kblmb\ Zk^ ZoZbeZ[e^
RV 9 QR 6 9 P Gginm l^glhk BblieZr
kZg`^ w kZg`^ { Zl [^ehp. Mg^ bl pa^g rhn g^^] mh fbgbfbs^ ma^ mbf^ pab\a NS k^Z\a^l mh
RDKNDP@RSPD BMLRPMJJDP * + , - . / I~A?*F -100 mh 1300w -148 mh 2372{ PS Zl ebd^~BkZpbg` 1*. Qa^ hma^k bl pa^g rhn g^^] mh fbgbfbs^ ho^klahhm
I~A?*J -100.0 mh 999.9w Qabl fh]^ \Zg ghm nl^ Zl { ^o^g mahn`a ma^ k^Z\abg`~NS mh PS* bl lehp~BkZpbg` 2*.
:;49:3:;497 958659
* Gm^f QW Q^fi^kZmnk^ NGB
H~GA*F 0 mh 800w 32 mh 1472{
+ Bb`bm 4 4 Bb`bm H~GA*J 0.0 mh 800.0w Qabl fh]^ \Zg ghm nl^ Zl { ~BkZpbg` 1*NGBD P
PS
K @ L S @ J , Pbs^
PN
PQ
BGL T48vF48ff Nen` mri^
BGL T48vF48ff Q^kfbgZe mri^
O~NO*
C~AO*F
0 mh 1700w
0 mh 800w
32 mh 3092{
32 mh 1472{
NS xm :O^Z\abg` mbf^
P :Mo^klahhm
C~AO*J 0.0 mh 800.0w Qabl fh]^ \Zg ghm nl^ Zl {
1 Co^gm 1 hnminm PS:P^m oZen^
Q~AA*F -200 mh 400w -328 mh 752{ m NS:Nkh\^llbg` oZen^
- Pn[ hnminm 2 Co^gm 1 + Co^gm 2 hnminm Q~AA*J -199.9 mh 400.0w Qabl fh]^ \Zg ghm nl^ Zl {
P Dm]ek 6 0 P]kiYejdajjafe flkglk.NT/ P~NO* 0 mh 1700w 32 mh 3092{
~BkZpbg` 2*NGBP PS
2 24S?A 50/60Fs, 24-48SBA L~LL* 0 mh 1300w 32 mh 2372{ NS
. Nhp^k lniier
4 100-240S?A 50/60Fs T~QQ* 0 mh 2300w 32 mh 4172{
xm :O^Z\abg` mbf^
HNmF 0 mh 500w 32 mh 932{ PS:P^m oZen^
O O^eZr hnminm
HNmJ -199.9 mh 199.9w -199.9 mh 392.0{ m NS:Nkh\^llbg` oZen^
/ Ahgmkhe hnminm P PPO hnminm
BNmF 0 mh 500w 32 mh 932{
A Ankk^gm hnminm~Ahgmkhe* BNmJ -199.9 mh 199.9w -199.9 mh 392.0{ =Qa^k^ Zk^ ab`a-li^^] k^lihgl^ mri^ Zg] ehp-li^^] k^lihgl^ mri^ [nbem
x?ee fh]^el aZl CS-1 hnminm. 0-10SBA -1999 mh 9999w -1999 mh 9999{
xQa^k^ Zk^ gh CS-2 Zg] O^mkZglfbllbhg hnminm bg QW4PN~Nen` Qri^*]n^ mh eZ\d
bg mabl ngbm. Qa^k^_hk^ nl^k \Zg l^e^\m ^Z\a _ng\mbhg Z\\hk]bg` mh ma^bk
1-5SBA -1999 mh 9999w -1999 mh 9999{ Ziieb\Zmbhg.
h_ m^kfbgZe.
? Hk ae\a[Yk]j Ye lg_iY\]\ gYik3 xCS-2 Zg] O^mkZglfbllbhg hnminm \Zgghm [^ nl^] Zm ma^ lZf^ mbf^ bg QW4PQ. 4-20f?BA -1999 mh 9999w -1999 mh 9999{ =Vhn \Zg l^e^\m ]nZe NGB \hgmkhe _ng\mbhg bg l^\hg] l^mmbg` `khni.
Gm bl l^e^\mZ[e^ NGBD hk NGBP bg NGBm fh]^.
QaZgd rhn o^kr fn\a _hk l^e^\mbg` ?nmhgb\l ikh]n\ml. t Qg][a^a[Ykafej t @lkfkleae_ fg]iYkafe =NGBD~Fb`a-li^^] k^lihgl^ mri^* : Qabl fh]^ bl Ziieb^] mh fZ\abg^l hk
Efi pfli jY^]kp1 gc]Yj] i]Y\ k`] ^fccfnae_ Z]^fi] ljae_3 P^kb^l QW4PQ/QW4PN lrlm^fl pab\a k^jnbk^ ab`a-li^^] k^lihgl^.
NGB ?nmhmngbg` _ng\mbhg ZnmhfZmb\Zeer f^Zlnk^l ma^kfZe \aZkZ\m^kblmb\l
Nhp^k lniier 24S?A 50/60Fs, 24-48SBA 100-240S?A 50/60Fs Cq*KZ\abg^l pab\a fnlm [^ Ziieb^] ik^ebfbgZkr a^Zm [^_hk^ bm hi^kZm^l
t BYlkafe ^fi pfli jY^]kp ?eehpZ[e^ ohemZ`^ kZg`^ 90 mh 110{ h_ kZm^] ohemZ`^
Zg] k^lihgl^ h_ ma^ \hgmkhe lrlm^f Zg] ma^g ^q^\nm^l bml oZen^ ng]^k ab`a
k^lihgl^ | lmZ[bebmr Z_m^k \Ze\neZmbg` ma^ mbf^ \hglmZgm h_ NGB k^jnbk^] mh xGgc^\mbhg fZ\abg^, Zg ^e^\mkb\ _nkgZ\^, ^m\.
Nhp^k \hglnfimbhg ?iikhq. 7S?, KZq. 6T ?iikhq. 5S? =NGBP~Jhp-li^^] k^lihgl^ mri^* : Qabl fh]^ bl Ziieb^] Zm ma^ fZ\abg^
xNe^Zl^ d^^i ma^l^ bglmkn\mbhgl Zg] k^ob^p ma^f [^_hk^ nlbg` mabl ngbm. \hgmkhe himbfnf m^fi^kZmnk^.
7P^`f^gm JCB ]blieZr pab\a k^jnbk^l ebmme^ ho^klahhm.
xNe^Zl^ h[l^ko^ ma^ \Znmbhgl maZm _heehp; BblieZr f^mah] XNkh\^llbg` oZen^~NS*:O^], P^mmbg` oZen^~PS*:Ek^^gY =Cq^\nm^ ma^ ?nmhmngbg` _ng\mbhg Zm bgbmbZe mbf^ Z_m^k \hgg^\mbg` ma^
<Qa^kfh\hnie^:I~A?*, H~GA*, O~NO*, C~AO*, Q~AA*, P~NN*, L~LL*, \hgmkhee^k | ma^ l^glhk. Cq*@^\Znl^ Z _bk^ \Zg [^ h\\nk [r ho^klahhm h_ ma^ m^fi^kZmnk^.
+ UYieae_ P^kbhnl bgcnkr fZr k^lnem b_ bglmkn\mbhgl Zk^ ghm _heehp^]. T~QQ*~Qhe^kZg\^ ebg^ k^lblmZg\^ bl fZq. 100~* =Cq^\nmbhg h_ ?nmhmngbg` bl lmZkm^] pa^g ik^llbg` ?Q d^r _hk 3l^\. hk fhk^. xNeZmbg` fZ\abg^ mh \hgmkhe m^fi^kZmnk^, hbebg` lrlm^f mh \hgmkhe m^fi^kZmnk^
Gginm l^glhk <OQB:BGL Nm100~, HGP Nm100~, 3 pbk^l mri^
Nkh]n\m fZr [^ ]ZfZ`^], hk bgcnkr fZr k^lnem b_ bglmkn\mbhgl Zk^ =Ta^g ma^ ?nmhmngbg` bl lmZkm^], ?Q eZfi pbee _eb\d^k, Zg] pa^g ma^ eZfi h_ hbe, ^m\.
+ BYlkafe ghm _heehp^]. ~Qhe^kZg\^ h_ ebg^ k^lblmZg\^ bl fZq. 5~ i^k Z pbk^*
<ShemZ`^:1-5SBA, 0-10SBA, Ankk^gm:4-20f?BA bl MDD, mabl hi^kZmbhg pbee lmhi. =DZ\mhkr li^\b_b\Zmbhg bl NGBD bg QW l^kb^l.
xQa^ _heehpbg` bl Zg ^qieZgZmbhg h_ ma^ lrf[hel nl^] bg ma^ hi^kZmbhg fZgnZe. <ML/MDD Ahgmkhe =Tabe^ ma^ ?nmhmngbg` _ng\mbhg bl ^q^\nmbg`, bm bl lmhii^] [r ik^llbg` ?Q ?\\hk]bg` mh \hgmkhe lrlm^f, ie^Zl^ l^e^\m fh]^.
Ahgmkhe f^mah] d^r _hk 5l^\. hk fhk^.
+ \Znmbhg:Ggcnkr hk ]Zg`^k fZr h\\nk ng]^k li^\bZe \hg]bmbhgl. <N, NG, NB, NGBD, NGBP
<O^eZr \hgmZ\m hnminm:250S?A 3? 1\
<PPO hnminm:12SBA u3S KZq. 30f?
=Ta^g ma^ ihp^k mnkgl h__ hk ma^ lmhi lb`gZe bl Ziieb^] pabe^ ?nmhmngbg` t KYelYc i]j]k
+ UYieae_ Ahgmkhe hnminm _ng\mbhg bl ^q^\nmbg`, mbf^ \hglmZgm h_ NGB bl ghm \aZg`^] Zg] bm k^f^f[^kl NkhihkmbhgZe \hgmkhe aZl ]^obZmbhg [^\Znl^ kblbg` mbf^ bl ghm lZf^ Zl _Zeebg`
<Ankk^gm hnminm:4-20f?BA~JhZ] k^lblmZg\^:KZq. 600~*
ma^ oZen^ [^_hk^ ihp^k mnkgl h__.
63 He [Yj] f^ ljae_ k`aj leak nak` dY[`ae]ia]j.Ll[c]Yi gfn]i [fekifc1 NT i]kiYejdajjafe?9275d@CB.JfY\ i]jajkYe[]?KYo3 ;55v v/1 mbf^, ^o^g b_ ma^ ngbm hi^kZm^l ghkfZeer.
P]kiYejdajjafe flkglk fecp ^fi RV9QR kpg] =Qbf^ \hglmZgm h_ NGB l^e^\m^] [r ?nmhmngbg` _ng\mbhg \Zg [^ \aZg`^] bg
d]\a[Yc ]hlagd]ek1 m]`a[c]1 kiYae1 YaigcYe]1 [fdZljkafe YggYiYklj1 =KZgnZe k^l^m _ng\mbhg bl nl^] Zm ikhihkmbhgZe \hgmkhe~N* fh]^ hger.
]ek]ikYaed]ek fi jY^]kp \]ma[] ]k[/1 ak i]hlai]j aejkYccae_ ^Yac2jY^] \]ma[]1 Pn[ hnminm Co^gm 1, 2 hnminm:O^eZr \hgmZ\m hnminm 250S?A 1? 1Z _bklm l^mmbg` `khni.
=G_ l^m _ng\mbhg bg _bklm l^mmbg` `khni, ma^ fZgnZe k^l^m pbee kng.
fi [fekY[k lj ^fi ae^fidYkafe fe kpg] i]hlai]\3 BblieZr Z\\nkZ\r u0.3{ [Zl^] hg D<P hk 3w KZq. =Hk `Yj knf bae\j f^ @lkfkleae_ df\]3
=Ta^g NS Zg] PS bl ^jnZe, O^l^m oZen^ bl 50{ Zg] pa^g \hgmkhe bl lmZ[e^,
Gm fZr k^lnem bg l^kbhnl ]ZfZ`^, _bk^ hk anfZg bgcnkr. P^mmbg` mri^ P^mmbg` [r _khgm inla [nmmhgl =@lkfkleae_ fg]iYkafe aj ]o][lk]\ Yk j]kkae_ mYcl].QT/ ae Rle6
73 R`aj leak dljk Z] dflek]\ fe gYe]c3 Frlm^k^lbl ?]cnlmZ[e^ 1 mh 100~0.1 mh 100.0*w Zm ML/MDD \hgmkhe df\] n`a[` aj ^Y[kfip \]^Ylck3 b_ ma^ m^fi^kZmnk^ bl ehp^k maZg PS, k^l^m oZen^ lahne] [^ ab`a^k Zg] hg
Gm fZr `bo^ Zg ^e^\mkb\ lah\d. Q]k aek]imYc Z]kn]]e ML Ye\ MEE ^fi YcYid flkglk ^ifd =@lkfkleae_ fg]iYkafe aj ]o][lk]\ Yk <5- f^ j]kkae_ mYcl].QT/3 ma^ hma^k aZg], k^l^m oZen^ lahne] [^ lfZee^k.
@cYid flkglk
83 Cf efk [fee][k k]idaeYcj n`]e ak aj gfn]i fe3 6 kf 655rr.C][adYc kpg] ? 536 kf 65535r r/
=Kf\] [`Ye_] aj YmYacYZc] ae j][fe\ j]kkae_ _iflg3 = l^mmbg` f^mah] Z\\hk]bg` mh k^lnem h_ \hgmkhe
Gm fZr `bo^ Zg ^e^\mkb\ lah\d. NkhihkmbhgZe [Zg]~N* 0 mh 100{
93 Nc]Yj] [`][b k`] eldZ]i f^ k]idaeYc n`]e [fee][k gfn]i cae] fi =Cq^\nm^ ma^ ?nmhmngbg` _ng\mbhg Z`Zbg i^kbh]b\Zeer, [^\Znl^ ma^ ma^kfZe KZd^ O^l^m oZen^ lfZee^k
Ggm^`kZe mbf^~G* 0 mh 3600l^\. P^mmbg`
d]Yjliae_ aeglk3 0 mh 3600l^\.
\aZkZ\m^kblmb\l _hk ma^ \hgmkhe h[c^\m \Zg [^ \aZg`^] pa^g ma^ \hgmkhee^k
B^kboZmbo^ mbf^~B* oZen^
Gm fZr \Znl^ Z _bk^. Ahgmkhe mbf^~Q* 1 mh 120l^\.
bl nl^] \hgmbgnhnler _hk Z ehg` mbf^.
:3 Cf efk i]gYai fi [`][blg n`]e gfn]i fe3 ~PS*
PZfiebg` mbf^ 0.5l^\. ~mng 1 fh]^* ?nmhmngbg` mbf^ KZd^ O^l^m oZen^ [b``^k
Gm fZr `bo^ Zg ^e^\mkb\ lah\d. w
J@? l^mmbg` mbf^ 1 mh 999l^\.
OZfi l^mmbg` mbf^ OZfi ni, OZfi ]hpg Zm 1 mh 99 fbgnm^
+ BYlkafe Bb^e^\mkb\ lmk^g`ma 2000S?A _hk 1 fbgnm^
PS Nkh\^llbg` oZen^~NS*
63 R`aj leak j`Ycc efk Z] lj]\ flk\ffij3 0.75ff Zfiebmn]^ Zm _k^jn^g\r h_ 10 mh 55Fs
K^\aZgb\Ze
Gm fb`am lahkm^g ma^ eb_^ \r\e^ h_ ma^ ikh]n\m hk `bo^ Zg ^e^\mkb\ lah\d. bg ^Z\a h_ U, V, W ]bk^\mbhgl _hk 2 ahnkl
Sb[kZmbhg
73 U`]e nai] [fee][kafe1 Lf375@UF.53:dd0/ j`flc\ Z] lj]\ Ye\ j[i]n
Zfck fe k]idaeYc Zcf[b nak` 53<9L<d kf 53>5L<d jki]e_k`3 KZe_ng\mbhg
0.5ff Zfiebmn]^ Zm _k^jn^g\r h_ 10 mh 55Fs
bg ^Z\a h_ U, V, W ]bk^\mbhgl _hk 10 fbgnm^l Qbf^~m* t Bfekifc flkglk
Gm fZr k^lnem bg fZe_ng\mbhg hk _bk^ ]n^ mh \hgmZ\m _Zbenk^. K^\aZgb\Ze : Kbg.10,000,000 mbf^l Qa^k^ Zk^ 3 dbg]l h_ fZbg hnminm bg mabl ngbm, ln\a Zl k^eZr hnminm, PPO
83 Nc]Yj] fZj]im] jg][a^a[Ykafe iYkae_3 KZbg hnminm ~mng 2 fh]^* w ?nmhmngbg` mbf^
O^eZr Ce^\mkb\Ze : Kbg.100,000 mbf^l~250S?A 3? k^lblmbo^ ehZ]* hnminm, \nkk^gm~4-20f?BA*, [nm mabl ngbm aZl hg^ fZbg hnminm hger.
Gm fb`am lahkm^g ma^ eb_^ \r\e^ h_ ma^ ikh]n\m Zg] \Znl^ Z _bk^. eb_^ \r\e^ K^\aZgb\Ze : Kbg.20,000,000 mbf^l Qa^k^_hk^ ie^Zl^ l^e^\m hg^ fZbg hnminm bg hk]^kbg` bg_hkfZmbhg Z\\hk]bg`
93 Cf efk lj] k`] cfY\ Z]pfe\ iYk]\ jnak[`ae_ [YgY[akp f^ P]cYp [fekY[k3 Pn[ hnminm Ce^\mkb\Ze : Kbg.500,000 mbf^l~250S?A 1? k^lblmbo^ ehZ]* PS
Gm fZr \Znl^ bglneZmbhg _Zbenk^, \hgmZ\m f^em, \hgmZ\m _Zbenk^, k^eZr [khd^g, _bk^ ^m\.
mh rhnk Ziieb\Zmbhg.
GglneZmbhg k^lblmZg\^ Kbg. 100K~~Zm 500SBA*
:3 He [c]Yeae_ k`] leak1 \f efk lj] nYk]i fi Ye fac2ZYj]\ \]k]i_]ek3 Lhbl^ lmk^g`ma
=O^eZr hnminm kZm^] 250S?A 3? bl bg]b\Zm^] Zl zOz
u500S O NaZl^ | P NaZl^ 1| u2dS O NaZl^ | P NaZl^ 1|
Gm fb`am \Znl^ Zg ^e^\mkb\ lah\d hk _bk^ maZm pbee k^lnem bg ]ZfZ`^ mh ma^ ikh]n\m. K^fhkr k^m^gmbhg 10 r^Zkl
=PPO hnminm kZm^] 12SBA u3S bl bg]b\Zm^] zPz, ma^ ehZ] h_ ho^k 30f?BA
;3 Cf efk ae^cfn \ljk fi nai] \i]_j aekf aeja\] f^ k`aj leak3 70{ \Zg ghm nl^.
?f[b^gm m^fi^kZmnk^ -10 mh 50w~Zm ghg-_k^^sbg` lmZmnl* Qbf^~m*
Gm fZr \Znl^ Z _bk^ hk f^\aZgb\Ze mkhn[e^. =Ankk^gm hnminm kZm^] 4-20f?BA bl bg]b\Zm^] Zl zAz, k^lblmbo^ ehZ] \Zg
PmhkZ`^ m^fi^kZmnk^ -20 mh 60w~Zm ghg-_k^^sbg` lmZmnl*
<3 Cf efk lj] k`aj leak Yk gcY[] n`]i] k`]i] Yi] ^cYddYZc] fi ]ogcfjam] _Yj1
`lda\akp1 \ai][k iYp f^ k`] jle1 iY\aYek `]Yk1 maZiYkafe1 adgY[k ]k[3 ?f[b^gm anfb]bmr 35 mh 85{ OF [^ nl^] ng]^k 600~.
Gm fZr \Znl^ Z _bk^ hk ^qiehlbhg. T^b`am ?iikhq. 170` t ML4MEE [fekifc ~Lhm^*4-20f?BA \nkk^gm hnminm bl ]b__^k^gm _khf 4-20f?BA k^mkZglfbllbhg
=3 Nc]Yj] [`][b k`] gfcYiakp f^ gfn]i Z]^fi] [fee][kae_ k`]idf[flgc] ?iikhoZe hnminm.
j]ejfi3
ML/MDD \hgmkhe bl \Zee^] mph ihlbmbhg \hgmkhe [^\Znl^ ma^ hnminm mnkgl
hg pa^g NS _Zeel ehp^k maZg PS Zg] ma^ hnminm mnkgl h__ pa^g NS bl ab`a^k
Gm fZr \Znl^ Z _bk^ hk ^qiehlbhg.
t Q]c][kafe jnak[` ^fi Heglk j]ejfi4 maZg PS. Qabl \hgmkhe f^mah] bl ghm hger _hk \hgmkheebg` m^fi^kZmnk^, [nm t P]cYp flkglk
t Eifek gYe]c a\]eka^a[Ykafe TfckY_]4Blii]ek Zelh bm bl [Zlb\ \hgmkhe f^mah] _hk l^jn^g\^ \hgmkhe. O^eZr hnminm bl _ng\mbhg _hk hnminmmbg` ML/MDD _hk fZbg \hgmkhe [r nlbg`
xNe^Zl^ l^e^\m ma^ P/T h_ mabl ngbm [r l^glhkl. =G_ rhn l^m N oZen^ Zl z0.0z bg _bklm l^mmbg` `khni, ML/MDD \hgmkhe pbee hi^kZm^. k^eZr \hgmZ\m. Gm k^i^Zml ML/MDD ma^ ehZ] bg hk]^k mh a^Zm hk \hhe \hgmbgnhnler,
E NS : Nkh\^llbg` oZen^ bg]b\Zmhk~O^]* =Qa^k^ bl Z ikh`kZffZ[e^ m^fi^kZmnk^ ]b__^k^g\^ [^mp^^g ML Zg] MDD bg
NT q
B ?*Gg \Zl^ h_ ma^kfh\hnie^ bginm<I~A?*, H~GA*, O~NO*, C~AO*, Q~AA*, P~NO*, L~LL*, T~QQ*= bg mabl \Zl^, ]kbobg` fZ`g^m P/T hk ihp^k k^eZr~[b` \ZiZ\bmr* pbma nlbg` k^eZr
C QT7 F PS : P^mmbg` oZen^ bg]b\Zmhk~Ek^^g* ML/MDD \hgmkhe~Frlm^k^lbl pb]ma*, b_ ]b__^k^g\^ bl mhh lfZee, ma^g angmbg`
G : I^r lab_mbg` ma^ ]blieZr
Gg \Zl^ h_ OQB bginm<BNmJ, BNmF, HNmJ, HNmF= \hgmZ\m h_ mabl ngbm.
D @R E P/T1 P/T2 ~\aZmm^kbg`* \Zg h\\nk. Q^fi^kZmnk^ ]b__^k^g\^ \Zg [^ l^m bg ihlbmbhg
H Gg_hkfZmbhg _hk hi^kZmbhg fh]^ =Bh ghm ^q\^ll \hgmZ\m \ZiZ\bmr h_ k^eZr mh Z]cnlm bg ngbm li^\b_b\Zmbhg,
M MSR QT P/T1 : 1 h_ _bklm l^mmbg` `khni. P^mmbg` kZg`^ bl 1 mh 100w~hk 0.1 mh 100.0w*. pa^g nl^ k^eZr \hgmZ\m hnminm. G_ k^eZr bl ]ZfZ`^], bm fZr \Znl^ Z _bk^.
I ?Q I^r : Qa^ fh]^ d^r mh ^q\bm^
L DT6
?nmh mngbg` _ng\mbhg 1 1 ? S P/T2 : S = bl ]blieZr^] pa^g N oZen^ bl z0z, [nm pbee ghm [^ ]blieZr^], b_ N =Ta^g bm \hgmkhel fZbg k^eZr hk fZ`g^m lpbm\a pbma ihp^k k^eZr \hgmZ\m, b_
F @*Gg \Zl^ h_ ohemZ`^ bginm<1-5SBA, 0-10SBA= oZen^ bl ghm z0z.
K DT7
J KB I^r : Kh]^ d^r _ehp k^o^kl^ ^e^\mkhfhmbo^ _hk\^ _khf \hbe h_ ihp^k k^eZr hk fZ`g^m P/T
K CS2 : Co^gm 2 hnminm lb`gZe eZfi P/T1 P/T2 =Qabl ML/MDD \hgmkhe lahne] ghm [^ Ziieb^] pa^g ^jnbif^gm~Ahhebg`
P/T1 : 2
bgmh mabl ngbm, bm fZr k^lnem bg ikh]n\ml ]ZfZ`^] hk hnminm hl\beeZm^].
J L CS1 : Co^gm 1 hnminm lb`gZe eZfi \hfik^llhk* mh [^ \hgmkhee^] \Zg [^ ]ZfZ`^] [r _k^jn^gm ML Zg] MDD.
P/T2 : S =Jb_^ \r\e^ h_ k^eZr~^e^\mkb\Ze/f^\aZgb\Ze* bl bg]b\Zm^] bg li^\b_b\Zmbhg.
I
KC @R
G M MRQ : Mnminm lb`gZe eZfi 2 2 ? S =Co^g b_ ML/MDD \hgmkhe bl lmZ[e^ lmZmnl, ma^ angmbg` \Zg [^ h\\nkk^] [r
Ne^Zl^ ]^lb`g ma^ lrlm^f Z_m^k \a^\dbg` ma^ eb_^ \r\e^ h_ k^eZr.
QT27 Nfaek Q]kkae_.r/ C AYe\.j][/
D ?Q : Qa^ lb`gZe eZfi _eb\d^kl pabe^ A*Gg \Zl^ h_ \nkk^gm bginm<4-20f?BA= l^mmbg` oZen^ bg hk \ZiZ\bmr h_ ma^ a^Zm^k hk k^lihgl^ \aZkZ\m^kblmb\
G_ l^m zmz ehg`^k bg _bklm l^mmbg` `khni, ma^ eb_^ \r\e^ h_ k^eZr bl `^mmbg` ehp^k.
DT26 Q]kkae_.r/ Bfekifc N]iaf\.j][/
DT27 Q]kkae_.r/
Jffg Ai]Yb @cYid.j][/
Heglk M^^j]k Q]kkae_.r/
KYelYc P]j]kkae_.-/
H ?nmh mngbg` bl [^bg` ^q^\nm^] P/T1 P/T2 h_ ma^ ^jnbif^gm mh [^ \hgmkhee^] hk bglmZeebg` ihlbmbhg h_ ma^ l^glhk.
N AYe\.-/ Q]k I]p Jf[b P/T1 : 2 G_ bm g^^]l mh l^m \hgmkhe i^kbh] zmz lahkm^k ]n^ mh ma^kfZe k^lihgl^ bl _Zlm,
H AYe\.j][/
C PS2 : PS2 eZfi _hk PS2 hi^kZmbhg P/T2 : ? Ne^Zl^ \hglb]^k Z[ho^ ihbgml mh fbgbfbs^ ma^ angmbg` pa^g ]^lb`gbg`
2 2 ? S ma^ lrlm^f. PPO hnminm mri^ lahne] [^ nl^]. N26
sR`] YZfm] jg][a^a[Ykafe Yi] [`Ye_]YZc] nak`flk efka[] Yepkad]3
t TfckY_] glcj] flkglk.QQP/ t PYdg ^le[kafe t Heglk [fii][kafe.He2Z/ ^le[kafe t @cYid fgkafe j]kkae_
OZfi _ng\mbhg bl mh ]^eZr ma^ kblbg` mbf^ hk _Zeebg` mbf^ h_ m^fi^kZmnk^. G_ Gginm k^obl^ bl mh \hkk^\m ]^obZmbhg h\\nkk^] _khf m^fi^kZmnk^ l^glhk ln\a Prf[he Mi^kZmbhg gZf^ Dng\mbhg
ShemZ`^ inel^ hnminm bl mh \hgmkhe PPO ngbm bglmZee^] bg hnm h_ mabl ngbm. rhn \aZg`^ l^mmbg` oZen^ Zm lmZ[e^ lmZm^ h_ \hgmkhe, bm _hk\^l mh kbl^ hk _Zee Zl ma^kfh\hnie^l, OQB, ?gZeh`n^ l^glhk ^m\.
E^g^kZeer ma^ \ZiZ\bmr h_ k^eZr \hgmZ\m bl ebfbm^]. G_ ma^ \ZiZ\bmr h_ k^eZr bl ma^ m^fi^kZmnk^ h_ \hgmkhe lrlm^f ]nkbg` l^mmbg` mbf^ Zm k?NR, k?N] bg _bklm G_ rhn \a^\d ma^ ]^obZmbhg h_ ^o^kr ma^kfh l^glhk ik^\bl^er, bm \Zg f^Zlnk^ E^g^kZe ZeZkf Lh himbhgZe ZeZkf hnminm.
l^mmbg` `khni. H^ i@dN aj efk ML ae j][fe\ j]kkae_ _iflg1 i@Nl1 i@N\ m^fi^kZmnk^ Z\\nkZm^er.
`^mmbg` [b``^k, ma^ eb_^ \r\e^ pbee [^ lahkm^g^] [r ghbl^ hk liZkd.
=Gginm k^obl^ \Zg [^ l^m Zm zDbklm l^mmbg` `khniz. Ta^g ZeZkf hnminm mnkgl hg hg\^,
=PPO hnminm bl 12SBA Zg] bm \Zg nl^ fZq. 30f? _hk ehZ]. nacc efk Z] \ajgcYp]\ ae ^aijk j]kkae_ _iflg3 JZm\a _ng\mbhg
=Rl^ mabl fh]^ Z_m^k f^Zlnkbg` ]^obZmbhg h\\nkk^] _khf m^fi^kZmnk^ ma^ hnminm pbee [^ ML \hgmbghnler.
=Q]k i@dN aj ML ae j][fe\ j]kkae_ _iflg ^fi ljae_ PYdg ^le[kafe3
=O^lihgl^ li^^] h_ PPO bl _Zlm^k maZg k^eZr \Znl^ h_ nlbg` l^fb\hg]n\mhk, l^glhk ^qZ\mer. @^\Znl^ b_ f^Zlnk^] ]^obZmbhg oZen^ bl ghm \hkk^\m^],
=P^m ma^ _Zeebg` mbf^ Zg] kblbg` mbf^ bg k?NR Zg] k?NR fh]^ h_ _bklm PmZg][r l^jn^g\r Gm ]h^lg}m hnminm Zm _bklm hi^kZmbhg.
bm \Zg ikh\^^] ab`a li^^] \hgmkhe. l^mmbg` `khni. ]blieZr^] m^fi^kZmnk^ fZr [^ mhh ab`a hk mhh ehp. _ng\mbhg ~Ta^g bm k^Z\a^l mh _bklm h[c^\m oZen^*
G_ l^m zmz lahkm^k~1 mh 2l^\.*, bm pbee [^ `hh] \hg]bmbhg mh \hgmkhe ma^ mZk`^m. =OZfi _ng\mbhg pbee [^ hi^kZmbg` pa^g \aZg`bg` ma^ l^m oZen^ Zm lmZ[e^ =P^mmbg` kZg`^ h_ bginm k^obl^ bl -49 mh +50w~-50.0 mh +50.0w*.
JZm\a | Gm hi^kZm^l eZm\a |
=OZ]bZmbhg h_ l^fb\hg]n\mhk bl o^kr bfihkmZgm bg PPO. \hgmkhe lmZmnl hk lniier ma^ ihp^k Z`Zbg Z_m^k ma^ ihp^k pZl k^fho^]. =Ta^g rhn l^m ma^ bginm k^obl^ oZen^, rhn fZr g^^] mh k^\hk] bm, [^\Znl^
PmZg][r l^jn^g\r _ng\mbhg PmZg][r l^jn^g\^ _ng\mbhg mh`^ma^k.
Qa^k^_hk^ bm bl ebd^er nl^ 80{ h_ kZm^] h_ PPO Zg] b_ PPO bl ]ZfZ`^], bm bm pbee [^ nl^_ne pa^g i^k_hkfbg` fZbgm^gZg\^.
si@NS ^le[kafe.C]cYp f^ iajae_ kad]/
fZr k^lnem bg Z _bk^.
Ahgmkhe m^fi^kZmnk^ pa^g t QlZ flkglk.Dm]ek/ ^le[kafe t Jffg Zi]Yb YcYid.JA@/
kZfi _ng\mbhg bl ghm nl^] Pn[ hnminm \Zg ^q^\nm^ Zl fZbg \hgmkhe hnminm Zg] ln[ _ng\mbhg Zl p^ee.
J@? _ng\mbhg bl mh ]bZ`ghl^ Zg Z[ghkfZe m^fi^kZmnk^ h_ ma^ \hgmkhe lrlm^f.
t Blii]ek flkglk.9275d@CB/ AaZg`bg` PS Qa^k^ bl hg^ ln[ hnminm bg mabl ngbm.
G_ ma^ m^fi^kZmnk^ h_ ma^ \hgmkhe lrlm^f bl ghm \aZg`^] pbmabg u2w ]nkbg`
=Qabl ln[ hnminm bl k^eZr z?z \hgmZ\m hnminm.
Qabl hnminm, \Zee^] ZgZeh`n^ hnminm bl mh \hgmkhe ma^ mkZgl]n\^k~PAO ngbm*, =1 hk 2 ln[ fh]^ \Zg [^ l^e^\m^] Zfhg` 7 dbg]l h_ ZeZkf fh]^ hk l^mmbg` mbf^ h_ J@?, ma^ J@? hnminm pbee [^ ML.
GgbmbZe PS
J@? hi^kZm^] pa^g ma^ a^Zm^k ebg^ bl \nm, P@? hi^kZm^] pa^g ma^ l^glhk Cq*Ta^g l^mmbg` oZen^~PS* bl 300w, ikh\^llbg` oZen^~NS* bl 50w, mabl ngbm
bm \Zg ikh\^^] lmZ[e^ \hgmkhe [^\Znl^ ma^k^ bl gh Z ln]]^g \aZg`^.
ebg^ bl \nm. \hgmkhel 100{. Gg mabl mbf^ b_ ma^k^ bl gh \aZg`^ h_ lrlm^f m^fi^kZmnk^,
Gm hnminml 4-20f?BA, fZgbineZm^] oZen^ bl 100{ Zm 20f?BA, 0{ Zm 4f?BA.
Ahgmkhe m^fi^kZmnk^ pa^g =Qa^ ln[ hnminm \Zg [^ eZm\a^] hg hk ZnmhfZmb\Zeer k^l^m ]^i^g]bg` hg bm k^\h`gbs^l F^Zm^k bl \nm h__ ma^g J@? hnminm pbee [^ ML.
=Gm bl nl^] pbma mkZgl]n\^k Zg] \Zg ghm [^ nl^] Zl ma^ hma^k Ziieb\Zmbhg. ma^ ZeZkf himbhg fh]^ l^e^\m^].
kZfi _ng\mbhg bl nl^] =J@? hnminm \Zg [^ l^e^\m^] Zm CS-1, CS-2 h_ ma^ l^\hg] l^mmbg` `khni.
=Qabl hnminm hi^kZm^l makhn`a bgg^k l^iZkZm^] Z \hglmZgm \nkk^gm-\bk\nbm. =Ta^g ma^ l^glhk ebg^ hk ma^ a^Zm^k ebg^ bl \nm, P@? hk J@? hnminm =G_ J@? hnminm bl ghm l^e^\m^] Zm ^o^gm hnminm, bm pbee ghm [^ ]blieZr^].
Qa^k^_hk^ \nkk^gm hnminm bl ghm \aZg`^] ^o^g b_ ma^ k^lblmbo^ ehZ] bl \hgg^\m^] mn mn mnkgl hg. Qabl zhnminm hgz lmZmnl fnlm [^ k^l^m [r mnkgbg` ma^ ihp^k h__. =P^mmbg` kZg`^ h_ J@? hnminm bl 1 mh 999l^\.
bg hnmlb]^, [nm b_ k^lblmbo^ ehZ] bl mhh ab`a~ho^k 600~*, ma^ \nkk^gm \Zg [^ =U`]e ljae_ @cYid flkglk ak aj YZc] kf [`Ye_] aek]imYc Z]kn]]e ML =G_ ma^kfZe k^lihgl^ h_ ma^ \hgmkhe lrlm^f bl lehp, J@? oZen^ lahne] [^
\aZg`^]. ~Ne^Zl^ nl^ ma^ k^lblmbo^ ehZ] e^ll maZg 600~.* k?NR l^mmbg` k?NR l^mmbg` Ye\ MEE nak`ae iYe_] f^ 6 kf 655r.536 kf 65535r/3
l^m mh Z ab`a oZen^.
mbf^ mbf^ Do/U`]e YcYid j]k k]dg]iYkli] aj 755r1 k`] flkglk kliej fe n`]e
=Bh ghm nl^ Z \nkk^gm hnminm bg \Zl^ h_ nlbg` ML/MDD \hgmkhe. =J@? hnminm hger hi^kZm^l pa^g ma^ fZgbineZm^] oZen^ h_ ma^ \hgmkhee^k bl
NT ae[i]Yj]j ^ifd 655r kf 755r3 He k`] [Yj]1 k`] flkglk kliej
=Ta^g \nkk^gm hnminm bl nl^], bm bl \aZg`bg` Zl ZgZeh`n^ _hkf, ma^ 0{ Zg] 100{ lh, J@? \Zgghm [^ nl^] pa^g bm bl Ankk^gm hnminm.
Gm fZd^l ]^eZr kblbg` m^fi^kZmnk^ pa^g \aZg`^ ma^ l^m oZen^ Zm lmZ[e^ fe Yk fm]i 755r1 k`] flkglk kliej f^^ Yk 6>=r3
fZgbineZm^] oZen^ \Zg kZk^er [^ 100{ hk 0{. W@Zfm] Do/ aj k`Yk ak j]k k`] aek]imYc Z]kn]]e ML Ye\ MEE Yj 7r3X =Gg \Zl^ ma^ J@? hnminm bl ML, ie^Zl^ \a^\d ma^ _heehpbg` :
\hgmkhe lmZmnl hk ]^eZr ma^ bgbmbZe kblbg` m^fi^kZmnk^ Zl ebd^ Z[ho^ ib\mnk^.
Qa^k^_hk^ J@? _ng\mbhg bl ghm nl^]. =P^e^\m _ng\mbhg h_ Pn[ hnminm bg l^\hg] l^mmbg` `khni Zg] l^m oZen^ h_ *Pahkm-\bk\nbm hk \nmmbg` h_ ma^ m^fi. l^glhk.
Lhm^1*k?Nn mbf^ \Zgghm [^ l^m lahkm^k maZg m^fi^kZmnk^ kblbg` mbf^~mn*,
=Dkhgm MRQ eZfi ]h^l ghm hi^kZm^l bg \Zl^ h_ nlbg` Z \nkk^gm hnminm. hi^kZmbhg bg _bklm l^mmbg` `khni. +?[ghkfZe \hg]bmbhg h_ ma^ ^jnbif^gm~Ahg]n\mhk, ln[-k^eZr, ^m\.*
pa^g OZfi _ng\mbhg bl ghm nl^].
,?[ghkfZe \hg]bmbhg h_ ma^ ehZ]~F^Zm^k, \hhe^k*
si@N\ ^le[kafe.C]cYp f^ ^Yccae_ kad]/ t @cYid flkglk -Tkhg`-pbkbg` hk \nmmbg` h_ ma^ hma^k \Z[e^l.
t P]kiYejdajjafe flkglk.9275d@CB/ Qabl ngbm aZl hnminm _hk \hgmkhe Zg] ln[~?eZkf* hnminm [r himbhg. ~Qabl ZeZkf =Mg\^ J@? bl ML ]n^ mh [khd^g l^glhk, bm pbee ghm hnminm.
Ahgmkhe m^fi^kZmnk^
Ahgmkhe m^fi^kZmnk^ pa^g hnminm bl k^eZr hnminm Zg] hi^kZm^l k^`Zk]e^ll mh hnminm _hk \hgmkhe.* ?emahn`a \hgg^\m l^glhk Z`Zbg.
O^mkZglfbllbhg hnminm bl ]b__^k^gm pbma \nkk^gm hnminm h_ \hgmkhe hnminm pa^g kZfi _ng\mbhg
kZfi _ng\mbhg bl ghm nl^] bl nl^] =?eZkf hnminm hi^kZm^l pa^g ma^ m^fi^kZmnk^ h_ mZk`^m bl `^mmbg` ab`a^k hk Gg mabl \Zl^, mnkg h__ ma^ ihp^k ma^g mnkg hg Z`Zbg.
Zg] mh k^mkZglfbm \nkk^gm~4 mh 20f?BA* \hgo^kmbg` ma^ f^Zlnkbg` m^fi^kZmnk^
GgbmbZe PS
ehp^k maZg l^mmbg` oZen^. =Qa^ hnminm h_ J@? _ng\mbhg bl CS-1 Zg] CS-2 hnminm.
mh ma^ k^\hk]^k, NA, ^m\. =1 ZeZkf fh]^ \Zg [^ l^e^\m^] Zfhg` 7 dbg]l h_ ZeZkf fh]^ Zm CS1, =G_ rhn nl^ J@? _ng\mbhg, P@? Zg] ZeZkf hi^kZmbhg _ng\mbhg \Zgghm [^
@nm mabl \nkk^gm hnminm \Zg ghm nl^ Zm ho^k 600~ k^lblmbo^ ehZ]. CS2 bg ma^ l^\hg] l^mmbg` `khni. nl^].
=Kh]^ h_ k^mkZglfbllbhg hnminm bl l^e^\m^] Zm DP-F, DP-J bg ma^ l^\hg] =Ne^Zl^ ghm^ [^ehp zMi^kZmbhg \aZkm _hk ZeZkf hnminmz | zMimbhg h_ ZeZkf
AaZg`bg` PS
_ehp \aZkm. hnminmz k^`Zk] mh ]^mZbe^] hi^kZmbhg Zg] himbhgZe hi^kZmbhg.
m]
=Ta^g NS k^Z\a Zm oZen^ h_ DP-J, bm hnminm 4f?.
=Ta^g NS k^Z\a Zm oZen^ h_ DP-F, bm hnminm 20f?.
t Mg]iYkafe [`Yik ^fi YcYid flkglk t Q]ejfi Zi]Yb YcYid.QA@/
k?N] l^mmbg`
=4 mh 20f?BA bl ]^lb`g Zl k^lhenmbhg h_ fbg. 16,000 ]boblbhgl. mbf^ Lh ZeZkf hnminm Qabl _ng\mbhg \Znl^l ma^ ln[ hnminm mh mnkg hg pa^g ma^ l^glhk ebg^ bl \nm
zB^obZmbhg Fb`a-ebfbm ZeZkf hk hi^g.
MDD [ ML G_ ]^obZmbhg [^mp^^g NS Zg] PS bl Gm \Zg ^Zlber \a^\d maZm ma^ l^glhk ebg^ bl \nm hk ghm [r hi^kZmbg` Z [nss^k
Gm \hgmkhel _Zeebg` m^fi^kZmnk^ Zl Z[ho^. h\\nkkbg` ab`a^k maZg ]^obZmbhg
t C][adYc gfaek.Cfk/ j]kkae_ ^le[kafe Lhm^1*k?N] mbf^ \Zgghm [^ lahkm^k maZg _Zeebg` mbf^~m]* h_ ghm [^bg` kZfi
PS
100w
NS
110w
m^fi^kZmnk^ l^mmbg` oZen^, ma^ hnminm
pbee [^ ML. Qa^ ]^obZmbhg m^fi^kZmnk^
nlbg` ma^ k^eZr \hgmZ\m.
_ng\mbhg hi^kZm^]. =P^m P@? fh]^ Zm CS-1 hk CS-2 fh]^ bg l^\hg] l^mmbg` `khni.
xTa^g l^m 10w bg ?J 1~?J 2* Zl ]^obZmbhg bl l^m bg ?J 1 hk ?J 2 h_ _bklm l^mmbg`
C][adYc gfaek aj \ajgcYp]\ Yj ,\fk, ae j][fe\ j]kkae_ _iflg n`]e =G_ bgm^g] mh nl^ P@? _ng\mbhg, J@? Zg] ZeZkf hi^kZmbhg _ng\mbhg \Zgghm
m^fi^kZmnk^. `khni.
k`] aeglk aj fecp YeYcf_.5265TCB1 62:TCB1 9275d@CB/3 [^ nl^].
t QT27 ^le[kafe ML [ MDD
zB^obZmbhg Jhp-ebfbm ZeZkf
G_ ]^obZmbhg [^mp^^g NS Zg] PS bl =Qa^ hnminm h_ P@? _ng\mbhg bl CS 1 Zg] CS 2 hnminm.
h\\nkkbg` ehp^k maZg ]^obZmbhg
G_ nlbg` PS-2 _ng\mbhg, bm \aZg`^l ma^ m^fi^kZmnk^ h_ \hgmkhe lrlm^f mh NS PS
t Bffc4G]Yk ^le[kafe ma^ l^\hg] l^mmbg` oZen^ [r ^qm^kgZe k^eZr \hgmZ\m lb`gZe. Gm \Zg \aZg`^ ma^ 90w 100w
m^fi^kZmnk^ l^mmbg` oZen^, ma^ hnminm

l^mmbg` oZen^ Zl l^jn^gmbZeer [r k^eZr \hgmZ\m pbmahnm d^r hi^kZmbhg. xTa^g l^m 10w bg ?J 1~?J 2* Zl ]^obZmbhg
pbee [^ ML. Qa^ ]^obZmbhg m^fi^kZmnk^
bl l^m bg ?J 1 hk ?J 2 h_ _bklm l^mmbg` t Diifi \ajgcYp
E^g^kZeer ma^k^ Zk^ mph pZrl mh \hgmkhe m^fi^kZmnk^, hg^~F^Zm-_ng\mbhg* m^fi^kZmnk^. `khni.
zB^obZmbhg Fb`a/Jhp-ebfbm ZeZkf
G_ ^kkhk bl h\\nkk^] pabe^ ma^ \hgmkhee^k bl hi^kZmbg`, bm pbee [^ ]blieZr^] Zl
bl mh a^Zm pa^g NS bl `^mmbg` ]hpg~F^Zm^k*. Qa^ hma^k~Ahhe-_ng\mbhg* bl mh PS-2 ML [ MDD [ ML G_ ]^obZmbhg [^mp^^g NS Zg] PS bl _heehp.
\hhe pa^g NS bl `^mmbg` ab`a~O^_kb`^kZmhk*. ab`a^k hk ehp^k maZg ]^obZmbhg
NS PS NS =zJJJJz bl _eb\d^kbg` pa^g f^Zlnk^] bginm m^fi^kZmnk^ bl ehp^k maZg bginm
Qa^l^ _ng\mbhgl Zk^ hi^kZmbg` hiihlbm^er pa^g bm bl ML/MDD \hgmkhe hk m^fi^kZmnk^ l^mmbg` oZen^, ma^ hnminm
90w 100w 110w
PS pbee [^ ML. Qa^ ]^obZmbhg m^fi^kZmnk^ kZg`^ h_ ma^ l^glhk.
ikhihkmbhgZe \hgmkhe. xTa^g l^m 10w bg ?J 1~?J 2* Zl ]^obZmbhg bl l^m bg ?J 1 hk ?J 2 h_ _bklm l^mmbg`
m^fi^kZmnk^.
=zFFFFz bl _eb\d^kbg` pa^g f^Zlnk^] bginm m^fi^kZmnk^ bl ab`a^k maZg
@nm bg mabl \Zl^ NGB mbf^ \hglmZgm pbee [^ ]b__^k^gm ]n^ mh NGB mbf^ \hglmZgm `khni.
PS-2 \hgmkhe zB^obZmbhg Fb`a/Jhp-ebfbm k^o^kl^
bginm kZg`^ h_ ma^ l^glhk.
pbee [^ ]^\b]^] Z\\hk]bg` mh \hgmkhe lrlm^f pa^g bm bl NGB \hgmkhe. lb`gZe MDD [ ML [ MDDZeZkf. G_ ]^obZmbhg [^mp^^g NS Zg] =zhNCgz bl _eb\d^kbg` pa^g ma^ bginm l^glhk bl ghm \hgg^\m^] hk bml pbk^ bl
=Ahhe-_ng\mbhg Zg] a^Zm-_ng\mbhg \Zg [^ l^m Zm z z fh]^ bg l^\hg] PS bl ab`a^k hk ehp^k maZg ]^obZmbhg
NS PS NS \nm.
l^mmbg` `khni. m^fi^kZmnk^ l^mmbg` oZen^, ma^ hnminm
90w 100w 110w
ML mbf^ Zk^Z h_ pbee [^ MDD. Qa^ ]^obZmbhg m^fi^kZmnk^
=Ahhe-_ng\mbhg Zg] a^Zm-_ng\mbhg fnlm [^ l^m \hkk^\mer Z\\hk]bg` mh ma^ PS-2 \hgmZ\m xTa^g l^m 10w bg ?J 1~?J 2* Zl ]^obZmbhg bl l^m bg ?J 1 hk ?J 2 h_ _bklm l^mmbg`
m^fi^kZmnk^. `khni.
Ziieb\Zmbhg, b_ l^m Zl hiihlbm^ _ng\mbhg, bm fZr \Znl^ Z _bk^.
~G_ l^m \hhe-_ng\mbhg Zm a^Zm^k, ^o^g b_ m^fi^kZmnk^ bl `^mmbg` ab`a, bm pbee zQa^ Z[lhenm^ oZen^ Fb`a-ebfbm ZeZkf
MDD [ ML
=Gm \Zg l^m PS-2 Zm k^jnbk^] mbf^ Zg] iZkmb\neZk Zk^Z Zl ma^ Z[ho^ \aZkm. G_ NS bl ^jnZe hk ab`a^k maZg ZeZkf
[^ fZbgmZbg^] ML Zg] bm fZr \Znl^ Z _bk^.* PS NS m^fi^kZmnk^ l^mmbg` oZen^, ma^ hnminm
=PS-2 bl bg _bklm l^mmbg` `khni. pbee [^ ML. Qa^ ]^obZmbhg m^fi^kZmnk^
=?ohb] \aZg`bg` a^Zm-_ng\mbhg mh \hhe-_ng\mbhg hk \hhe-_ng\mbhg mh 100w 110w
=?iieb\Zmbhg : xTa^g l^m 110w bg ?J 1~?J 2* Zl ZeZkf bl l^m bg ?J 1 hk ?J 2 h_ _bklm l^mmbg`
a^Zm-_ng\mbhg hg ma^ ngbm bl hi^kZmbg`. `khni.
Qa^ \hgmkhe lrlm^f, pab\a aZl mh fZbgmZbg \hglmZgm m^fi^kZmnk^ ln\a Zl m^fi^kZmnk^.
=Gm bl bfihllb[e^ mh hi^kZm^ [hma _ng\mbhgl Zm hg\^ bg mabl ngbm.
ho^g Ziieb\Zmbhg. G_ rhn hi^g ma^ ]hhk, m^fi^kZmnk^ pbee `h ]hpg. ML [ MDD
zQa^ Z[lhenm^ oZen^ Jhp-ebfbm ZeZkf
Qa^k^_hk^ hg^ _ng\mbhg lahne] [^ l^e^\m^] hger. Gg mabl \Zl^ b_ rhn l^m ma^ l^\hg] l^mmbg` oZen^ ab`a^k maZg l^mmbg` oZen^, G_ NS bl ^jnZe hk ehp^k maZg ZeZkf
NS PS m^fi^kZmnk^ l^mmbg` oZen^, ma^ hnminm
m^fi^kZmnk^ pbee kbl^ _Zlm. Qa^k^_hk^, Z_m^k bglmZeebg` Z fb\kh-lpbm\a bg hk]^k 90w 100w pbee [^ ML. Qa^ ZeZkf m^fi^kZmnk^ bl
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