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AN EFFICIENT APPROACH FOR PATTERNS OF ORIENTED MOTION FLOW FACIAL

EXPRESSION RECOGINATION FROM DEPTH VIDEO ABSTRACT In this paper, we
have a tendency to propose a unique feature illustration technique by a
replacement feature descriptor,named patterns of directed motion flow (POMF)
from the optical flow data, to acknowledge the right facial expression from the
facial video. The POMF computes completely different directional motion data
and encodes the directional flow data with increased native texture small
patterns.

because it captures the spatial temporal changes of facial movements through

optical flow and allows USA to look at each native and international structures, it
shows its hardiness in recognizing facial data. Finally, the POMF bar graph is
employed to train the expression model through the hidden Markoff model
(HMM). to coach through the HMM, the objective sequences area unit created by
the generation of a codebook victimization the K-means agglomeration
technique. The performance of the projected technique has been evaluated over
the RGB and depth camera-based video.

Experimental results demonstrate that the projected POMF descriptor is

additional sturdy in extracting facial information and provides a better
classification rate than different existing promising strategies.
INTRODUCTION
Facial expressions offer non-verbal cues that area unit the representation of a
person’s emotions or intentions. We can easily capture anyone’s behavior or
reaction supported these natural indications. countenance recognition systems
have attracted the researchers loads within the previous couple of decades
because of the increasing demand within the field of automatic human-computer
interaction system.

Basically, the natural identity of countenance makes it additional applicable over

other statistics. associate degree automatic countenance recognition system
refers to a ADPS that tries to research and acknowledge the countenance from
the visual perspective. throughout the last twenty years, several strategies are
proposed for various face-related issues, wherever completely different facial
feature extraction techniques are introduced. Based on the categories of options
used, facial feature extraction approaches will be around classified into 2
completely different categories: geometric feature-based strategies and
appearancebased strategies.

In geometric feature-based strategies, the feature vector is formed supported the

geometric relationships, such a positions, angles or distances between completely
different facial components (eyes, ears, nose etc.). Earlier strategies for facial
recognition were principally supported these geometric feature representations.
For countenance recognition, facial action writing (FACS) could be a fashionable
geometric feature-based technique that Every action unit represents the physical
behavior of a particular musculus.

Later, Zhang projected a feature extraction technique primarily base on the

geometric positions of thirty four manually chosen fiducial points. the same form
of illustration was employed by Guo and trained worker , where they utilized
applied mathematics so as to perform coincident feature selection and classifier
employment. Valstar et al. and Valstar and Pantic have studied countenance
analysis supported caterpillar-tracked fiducial purpose info and rumored that
geometric options offe similar or higher performance than appearance-based
methods in action unit recognition.

However, the effectiveness of geometric methods is heavily addicted to the right

detection of facial parts, that might be a hard task in propellant and at liberty
setting, thus making geometric methods difficult to accommodate in many
situations On the entire face image or some specific facial regions. Basically, 2
forms of approaches will be determined in appearance-based strategies. One
variety of approach tries to use some feature reduction or category separation
strategies directly on the intensity values to reduce the feature size.

Another variety of approach uses any descriptor on the image intensity values
and generate some key options from the image. just in case of feature step-down
or category separation approaches Principal element Analysis (PCA), Linear
Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Independent element Analysis (ICA), physicist
wavelets square measure the commonly-used appearance-based ways for face
expression recognition. On the contrary, key feature generation sort approaches
apply any descriptor on the image intensity values.

These style of approaches try and generate some fruitful info from the
neighborhood regions of a picture and generate the key options. LBP square
measure some well-liked descriptors for the feature extraction just in case of face
expression recognition system. Besides, most of the time RGB camera is
employed to capture facial video. however these days, several of the researchers
square measure drawn to the depth camera.

As depth camera provides the depth info of any image that extremely exhibits
vital options of the facial image, thus face expression recognition is additional
reliable and economical on depth primarily based facial video. excluding this, the
privacy of the people is additionally extremely reserved exhaustive video that
makes it additional viable within the real world. during this paper, a unique
feature descriptor named Patterns of familiarized Motion Flow (POMF) is
projected to spot the face expression from the depth video.

The POMF computes totally different directional motion info and encodes those
directional flow info with increased native texture descriptor. each RGB and
Depth camera-based experiments square measure performed with totally
different typical face expression approaches and superior results square measure
achieved victimization the POMF over the depth video pictures. the remainder of
the paper is organizedd as follows: In section II, overall plan of our projected
POMF descriptor is mentioned. Then, in section III, a way to extract the POMF
feature and the way to model and acknowledge the system square measure
explained.

Later, in section IV, experimental setup, experimental results and performance

analysis of our projected descriptor with varied promising ways square measure
explicated. Finally, in section V, our analysis contributions square measure all over
mentioning its future potential developments.
PROPOSED MOTION FEATURE EXTRACTION BY POMF Our proposed POMF
descriptor works supported the motion changes of the pictures which are
captured by the optical flow information.From the video image of expression, our
initiative is to calculate the motion change from frame to border .Here, the most
challenge of optical flow estimation is which property to trace and the way to
trace it.Later on, from the directional motion information, a robust pattern will be
generated using local texture pattern. Optical flow Estimation features have been
used increasingly since the past decade in the field of any motion detection or
object tracking.

As it defines the changes in image from frame to frame, nowadays, it is being

used for facial expression recognition from video and already it has expressed its
robustness and it is done by estimating optical flow. More precisely, it needs to
track a property which includes motion information more robustly.Several image
properties have been used for this purpose throughout different optical flow
estimation methods From any optical flow estimation, two kinds of flow
information are found which are known as horizontal flow (u) and vertical flow
(v).Each of the u and v reveals two directional flow information from two
consecutive images. (xc, yc) and gp corresponds to the grey values of equally
spaced pixels P on the circumference of a circle with radius R.

The positive u and the negative u represent the flow information from left to
right and right to left respectively. On the other hand, the positive v and the
negative v represent the flow information from top to bottom and bottom to top
respectively.In our method, we have used Lucas-Kanade method to estimate the
optical flow information. Local Binary Pattern (LBP), a gray-scale invariant texture
pattern has gained much popularity among the researchers for encoding the
spatial information of image texture. The basic LBP [15] was developed based on
the presumption that image texture will be represented by two aspects, a pattern,
and its strength. It encodes the gray-scale structure of an image using a binary
code.

It generates a label for each pixel of an image by thresholding its neighbor values
with the center value. The resulting pattern represents a binary number which is
converted to a decimal number before assigning to each pixel Here, gc denotes
the gray value of the center pixel This encoded pattern ensures the rotation
invariance of the gray-scale structure of the image. For further improvement of
rotation invariance and finer quantization of the angular space, a variation of LBP
was also proposed which is known as Uniform LBP.
Pattern of directed motion flow description during this paper, we tend to
propose a directional optical flow primarily based descriptor that is named
Patterns of directed Motion Flow (POMF). The rudimentary plan of the POMF is to
discretize the motion modification info and capture the encoded small pattern
from those motion changes. At first, discretized motion modification are
increased by the native motion changes then more incorporated by the
selfsimilarity measurements of LBP small pattern.

Taking the directional changes of image info and encryption those directional
image rate by LBP in POMF descriptor, a strong pattern are generated.
BLOCK DIAGRAM /
FACIAL EXPRESSION RECOGNITION EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS Human is in a
position to perception RGB pictures however we tend to area unit managing
Machine. Machine’s perception is completely different than human. thus we are
able to offer some additional info made image to the Machine. Hence, the idea
comes regarding depth image. within the depth image, high pel worth represents
a close to distance and low pel worth represents a way distance.

Depth info greatly contributes to the countenance. Besides, it additionally

ensures the privacy of the people. The Depth information of countenance that
was employed in our experiment was engineered victimization Zcam depth
camera.Head motion was assumed to be little and neglected. Some threshold
values were used through empirical observation to extract the face from the
video supported the depth info. The Depth information was developed
supported each RGB and Depth camera-based image sequences. In our
experiment, there have been six types of expressions to be recognized by system,
that were anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise.

for every of the cases, the expression video clips were started and finished with a
neutral expression. In our experiments, a complete of a hundred and twenty
video clips of variable length from all expressions were employed in the
experiment. to coach and check every countenance model, twenty and forty
image sequences were applied severally. to coach HMM, the options were
symbolized by the K-means clump technique employing a cluster size of forty
and there have been five intermediate hidden states throughout all the
experimentsh were elect through empirical observation.
CONCLUSION In this paper, Associate in Nursing optical flow primarily based
countenance recognition system is projected wherever the directional pattern
encoded info is employed from the optical flow of consecutive depth pictures. we
tend to projected a completely unique and sturdy facial descriptor known as
Patterns of directed Motion Flow (POMF). victimization this descriptor POMF bar
graph is generated from the sample frames to provide the expression feature
vectors. Finally, the target sequences of the feature vectors area unit trained
through the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to provide the expression model.

As we tend to work with the optical flow info and it represents solely the
dynamical info from a video, the many changes may be simply captured that
occur attributable to the countenance. Besides, completely different challenges of
expression recognition like age, gender, beard, and glasses will simply be
suppressed. Moreover, the directional optical flow info ensures additional sturdy
feature description by generating Associate in Nursing directed pattern.

Associate in Nursing experimental analysis on each RGB and Depth camera

primarily based video pictures is performed as well as some salient approaches to
judge the strength of our projected technique. From the empirical results, it's
obvious that our projected POMF descriptor represents higher recognition rate
for depth primarily based countenance recognition system. Besides, it
additionally seems that Depth image shows superior performance over RGB
image.

In our future work, we tend to area unit attending to enhance the performance of
POMF by introducing the answer for nonlinearity since face pictures with massive
create variation demonstrate REFERENCES P. Ekman and W. V. Friesen, ‘‘Facial
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Zhang, ‘‘Feature-based facial expression recognition: Sensitivity analysis and
experiments with a multilayer perceptron,’’ Int. J. Pattern Recognit. Artif. Intell.,
vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 893–911, 1999. [4] G. Guo and C. R.

Dyer, ‘‘Simultaneous feature selection and classifier training via linear

programming: A case study for face expression recognition,’’ in Proc. IEEE
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