ملزمة جرامر حديثة تبدأ بمراجعة لأهم ما تم دراسته

Final Revision Mr Sayed Ouf
Form Negative Interrogative Usage Key words

‫التكوين‬ ‫النفي‬ ‫السإتفهام‬ ‫السإتخدام‬ ‫الكلمات الدالة‬
‫يتكون من مصدر‬ I I - ‫يسإتخدم للتعبيرعن‬ always
‫بإضافة‬
don’t Do ‫الفعل‬ You you Habit ‫ عادة‬-1 usually
‫مــصــدر الــــــــفــعل‬
‫مع‬ies,
‫ المصدر‬es, s We we - I get up at 6 often
he , she , it They they o'clock. sometimes
‫أو السإم المفرد‬
Fact2- ‫حقيقة‬
ies,es,s ‫وبدون‬ he He not often
- The moon
‫مــــع‬ She doesn’t Does she rarely
I,you,we,they moves round
It ‫المصدر‬ it never
‫أو السإم الجمع‬ the Earth.
every
‫ملحظــــــــــات‬
es )) ‫ نضيف لـه‬ss – sh – ch – o –x )) ‫( ﺇذا كان الفعل ينتهي بـــ‬1
cross → crosses wash →washes watch →watches
go → goes fix → fixes
( ies ) ‫ ( ونضع‬y )‫ نحذف‬، ‫ ( مسإبوقا ا بحرف سإاكن‬y ) ‫( ﺇذا كان الفعل ينتهي بحرف‬2
study → studies worry → worries fly → flies
( a – e – i – o – u ) ‫ ( مسإبوقا ا بحرف متحرك‬y ) ‫( ﺇذا كان الفعل ينتهي بحرف‬3
play → plays say → says ( s ) ‫نضـــع‬
enjoy → enjoys buy → buys
:‫( ييسإتخدم المضارع البسإيط بعد الروابط الزمنية للتعبير عن المسإتقبل‬4
when, after, before, as soon as, if, unless, till, until
when,after,before,
as soon as, till, present simple + future (will / be going to)inf.
until, if, unless ‫ مضارع بسيط‬+ ‫مستقبل‬
- As soon as I return home, I’ll give you a ring.
- We are going to return home after we finish the meeting.
:‫( ييحول زمن المضارع البسإيط الى المبنى للمجهول كالتى‬5
( object + am, is, are + pp )
Active : The servant washes the car everyday.
Passive: The car is washed everyday by the servant.
The Pearl 1 3 rd Prep Second Term

‫التكوين‬ ‫السإتفهام‬
‫النفي‬ ‫السإتخدام‬ ‫الكلمات الدالة‬
‫يتكون من‬ I I - ‫يسإتخدم للتعبيرعن‬ in
‫مــصــدر الــــــــفــعل‬
‫التصريف الثانى‬ He he ‫حدث بدأ فى الماضى‬ yesterday

‫للفعل بإضافة‬ She she .‫وانتهى‬ ago
ied, ed, d It didn’t Did it - We saw the last
‫فى حالة الفعال‬ You ‫المصدر‬ you film two days once
‫ المنتظمة والفعال‬We we ago. one day
‫الشاذة يتحفظ‬ They they ‫ عادة فى الماضى‬- in the past
.‫وانتهت‬
‫مـلحظــــــــــات‬
( d ) ‫ ( نضــع له‬e ) ‫( اذا كان الفعل ينتهي بحرف‬1
like → liked live → lived arrive → arrived
( ied ) ‫ ( ونضع‬y )‫ نحذف‬، ‫ ( مسإبوقا ا بحرف سإاكن‬y ) ‫( ﺇذا كان الفعل ينتهي بحرف‬2
study → studied cry → cried marry → married
a – e – i – o – u ) ) ‫ ( مسإبوقا ا بحرف متحرك‬y ) ‫( ﺇذا كان الفعل ينتهي بحرف‬3
((ed ‫نضــع‬
play → played enjoy → enjoyed stay → stayed
(ed) ‫( ﺇذا كان الفعل ينتهي بحرف سإاكن مسإبوقا ا بحرف متحرك ييضاععف السإاكن ونضـــع‬4
travel → travelled stop → stopped clap → clapped
:‫( ييحول زمن الماضى البسإيط الى المبنى للمجهول كالتى‬5
( object + was, were + pp )
Active : The servant washed the car.
Passive: The car was washed by the servant.
-:‫( يسإتخدم زمن الماضى البسإيط مع الروابط التالية‬6
When he arrived, we were
When ‫ماضى مسإتمر ماضى بسإيط‬
having dinner.‫حدث قطعه حدث آخر‬
When the doctor arrived, the
When ‫ماضى بسإيط ماضى بسإيط‬
patient died.‫الحدثان فى نفس الوقت‬
When
When the doctor had arrived,
After ‫ماضى تام‬ ‫ماضى بسإيط‬
the patient died.‫صل ع الدكتور أوال‬ ‫عو ع‬
As soon as
When
When the doctor arrived, the
Before ‫ماضى بسإيط‬ ‫ماضى تام‬ ‫ت المريض أو ي‬
patient had died.‫ل‬ ‫ما ع‬
By the time

I am I am not Am I - ‫يسإتخدم للتعبيرعن‬ - Look
‫)) الفـــــــــعل‬
ing ) + ‫) الفـــــــــعل‬
‫ حدث يقع الن‬-1 - Listen

ing )) ++ ‫الفـــــــــعل‬
He He he - He's eating. - Now

She is She isn’t Is she -at present
It It it 2- ‫ حدث تم التخطيط‬- at the
You You you ‫ للقيام به فى المسإتقبل‬moment
ing
We are We aren’t Are we - I'm going to - at the

They They they Luxor next present
week. time
-: ‫ ( ممثل‬ing ) ‫ ( ونضـع‬e ) ‫ نحذف‬، ( e ) ‫( ﺇذا كان الفعل ينتهي بحرف‬1
bake → baking come → coming live → living
make → making ride → riding take → taking
drive → driving give → giving have → having
be → being see → seeing - ‫ ماعــدا‬:-

a – e – i – o – u ))‫( ﺇذا كان الفعل ينتهي بحرف سإاكن مسإبوقا ا بحرف متحرك واحد‬2
-: ‫ ( ممثـل‬ing ) ‫ييكرر الحرف الخير ونضع‬
cut → cutting put → putting get → getting
shop →shopping run→ running swim → swimming
- ‫ مـاعـدا‬:
remember →remembering visit → visiting listen → listening
happen → happening enjoy → enjoying snow → snowing
-: ‫ ( ممثـل‬ing )‫ نضع‬، ‫( ﺇذا كان الفعل ينتهي بحرف سإاكن مسإبوقا ا بحرفان متحركان‬3
eat → eating read → reading need → needing
:‫( ييحول زمن المضارع المسإتمر الى المبنى للمجهول كالتى‬4

( object + am, is, are + being + pp )
Active : The government is building many cities in the desert.
Passive: Many cities are being built in the desert.


I I I - ‫ يسإتخدم للتعبيرعن‬- While
ing ) + ‫) الفـــــــــعل‬
‫)) الفـــــــــعل‬
He He he ‫ فعل كان مستمراا في‬-1 - AS

ing )) ++ ‫الفـــــــــعل‬
She was She wasn’t Was she .‫ وقت ممعيينَّ في الماضي‬- Just as
It It it ‫ا‬
- When
‫ حدث كان مستمرا‬-2
you ‫في الماضي و قطعهم‬
You You .‫حدث ماضي آخــر‬
ing
We were We weren’t Were we

They They they ‫ حدثينَّ مختلفينَّ كانا‬-3
.‫يحدثان في نفس الوقت‬
-: ‫( ميعبر عنَّ فعل كان مستمراا في وقت ممعيينَّ في الماضي‬1
.Ex : - He was watching TV at 9 o'clock yesterday *
-:‫( ميعبر عنَّ حدث كان مستمراا في الماضي و قطعهم حدث ماضي آخــر‬2
Past continuous
While – As – Just as , Past simple
‫بينما‬
‫ماضي مستمر‬ ‫ماضي بسيط‬
.Ex : - While we were playing, it rained *
Past continuous while – as – just as Past simple
‫بينما‬
‫ماضي مستمر‬ ‫ماضي بسيط‬
* Ex : - My brother came while I was studying.
→ ‫ ماضي بسيط‬, When→ ‫ماضي مستمر‬

.Ex : - When I saw Ali , he was driving home *
‫→ ماضي مستمر‬ when → ‫ماضي بسيط‬

* Ex : - Adel was watching the match when the light went out.
-:‫( ييعبر عن حدثين كانا مسإتمرين في وقت واحد ونسإتخدم التـي‬3

While – As – Just as
The Pearl
‫بينما‬ 4 3 rd Prep Second Term
Past continuous , Past continuous
‫ماضي مستمر‬ ‫ماضي مستمر‬
* Ex : - I was doing my homework while my brother was playing.
(v+ ing) ‫( بدون فاعل )بمعنى أثناء( نسإتخدم‬while / as / just as) ‫( عندما تأتي الجملة بعد‬4
* Ex : - While playing tennis, I fell down.
- While doing his homework, he broke his pen.
(noun /noun phrase) ‫ولكن يأتي بعدها‬while ‫بمعنى أثناء مكان‬during ‫( يتسإتخدم‬5
* Ex : - During the match, the light went out.

- My friend visited us during lunch.
- She got lost during her visit to the zoo.
- During his sleep, his money was stolen.
) ‫( تذكـر أن الحدث الذى يسإتغرق وقت أطول يكون في الماضي المسإتمر بغض النظر عن موقع‬6
-: ‫ ( في الجملة سإواء كان قبلها أم بعدها‬when
.Ex : - When I was studying, my father arrived *
- When my father arrived, I was studying.
- Ali heard a loud crash when he was eating pizza.
:‫( ييحول زمن الماضى المسإتمر الى المبنى للمجهول كالتى‬7
( object + was, were + being + pp )
Active : She was changing the curtains.
Passive: The curtains were being changed by her.
-:‫( لحاظ الفرق بين الجملتين‬8
 I was watching TV at 9 o'clock yesterday.

‫فى تمام الساعة التاسعة البارحة كنت أشاهد التلفزيون أى أن حدث‬ 
.‫المشاهدة كان فى منتصفة الساعة التاسعة‬
 I watched TV at 9 o'clock yesterday.

.‫فى تمام الساعة التاسعة البارحة انتهيتُ من مشاهدة التلفزيون‬ 

going to + ‫اــلمصدر‬
Final Revision
+ t’now will + ‫اــلمصدر‬ Mr Sayed Ouf

I I I .‫ اتخاذ قرار سإريع‬-1 - tomorrow
He He he ‫ تنبؤ في المسإتقبل‬-2
‫اــلمصدر‬
.‫بدون دليل‬ - next

She She she
‫الـمـصـدر‬
.‫ حقائق مسإتقبلية‬-3
It It Will it .‫ عرض خدمة‬-4
- soon
You You you .‫ طـلـب خدمة‬-5 - in the
We We we .‫ ترتيبات‬-6
They They they .‫ التهديد‬-7 future
1 - There is no sugar. I'll buy some.

2 - Man will live under the sea.
3 - Next year, I will be 17 years old
4 - I'll make dinner tonight.
5 - Will you open the door?
6 - I'll meet you tonight.
7 - If you do that again, I'll phone the police.
:‫ ييحول زمن المسإتقبل البسإيط الى المبنى للمجهول كالتى‬
( object + will + be + pp )
Active : She will clean the kitchen.
Passive: The kitchen will be cleaned.
I am I am not Am I - ‫ يسإتخدم للتعبيرعن‬- tomorrow
‫ النية والتخطيط لعمل‬-1
.‫ شيء في المستقبل‬- next
He He he - I am going to
She is She isn’t Is she visit Rome next
- soon
It It it week. - in the
‫ تنبؤ بما سوف يحدث‬-2
‫في المستقبل بوجود‬ future
You You you
We are We aren’t Are we .‫دليل الن‬
- It's really dark.
They They they I think it’s going
to rain.
‫‪Final Revision‬‬ ‫‪Mr Sayed Ouf‬‬
‫‪ ‬ييحول زمن المسإتقبل القريب الى المبنى للمجهول كالتى‪:‬‬
‫) ‪( object + am, is, are going to + be + pp‬‬
‫‪Active : She is going to clean the kitchen.‬‬
‫‪Passive: The kitchen is going to be cleaned.‬‬
‫‪Form‬‬ ‫‪Negative‬‬ ‫‪Interrogative‬‬ ‫‪Usage‬‬ ‫‪Key words‬‬

‫‪ - ever‬ييسإتخدم للتعبيرعن ‪-‬‬
‫‪I have‬‬ ‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪ -1 - never‬حدث وقـع في‬
‫‪You‬‬ ‫‪have‬‬ ‫‪Youpp‬‬ ‫‪you‬‬ ‫الماضي وله أثـر في‬
‫‪not Have‬‬ ‫الوقت الحالي‪.‬‬ ‫‪- just‬‬
‫‪We‬‬ ‫‪pp‬‬ ‫‪pp‬‬ ‫‪We‬‬ ‫‪we‬‬
‫‪ -2‬حدث تم منذ وقت‬ ‫‪- already‬‬
‫‪They‬‬ ‫‪They‬‬ ‫‪they‬‬ ‫قريب جداا وييسإتخدم‬
‫مع ‪just,‬‬ ‫‪- since‬‬
‫‪already‬‬ ‫‪- for‬‬
‫‪He‬‬ ‫‪He‬‬ ‫‪has‬‬ ‫‪he‬‬ ‫‪recently‬‬ ‫‪- yet‬‬
‫‪She‬‬‫‪has‬‬ ‫‪She‬‬ ‫‪not‬‬ ‫‪Has she pp‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬حدث بـدأ في‬
‫‪- lately‬‬
‫‪It pp‬‬ ‫‪It‬‬ ‫‪pp‬‬ ‫‪it‬‬ ‫الماضي واسإتمر حتى‬
‫الحاضر وقد يسإتمر‬ ‫‪- recently‬‬
‫في المسإتقبل ويسإتخدم‬
‫مــع ‪since ,for‬‬
‫"ممن قبل" يتسإتخدم فى حالة السإؤال‪ ,‬والثبات فى حالة المقارنة القصوى‪ ,‬وتأتى قبل ‪pp 1 – ever‬‬
‫"أبـداا" يتسإتخدم في حالة النفي‪ ,‬وتأتى قبل ‪pp 2 – never‬‬
‫‪pp‬‬ ‫"حــاال" يتسإتخدم في حالة الثبات والسإؤال‪ ,‬وتأتى قبل ‪3 – just‬‬
‫"بالغعل" يتسإتخدم في حالة الثبات والسإؤال‪ ,‬وتأتى قبل ‪pp 4 – already‬‬
‫‪since – 5‬‬ ‫"يمـنذ" يتسإتخدم في حالة الثبات والنفي ويأتي بعدها زمن بداية الحدث‪.‬‬
‫‪for – 6‬‬ ‫"لمـدة" يتسإتخدم في حالة الثبات والنفي ويأتي بعدها فترة زمنية يمحددة‪.‬‬
‫"حتى الن" يتسإتخدم فى حالة السإؤال والنفي وتأتى فى نهاية الجملة‪yet – 7 .‬‬
‫"حديثاا" يتسإتخدم في حالة الثبات والنفى والسإؤال وتأتى فى نهاية الجملة‪recently / lately – 8 .‬‬
‫‪since‬‬ ‫‪2000 – summer – March – Sunday –7 o'clock- his arrival‬‬
‫منذ‬ ‫‪last (week – year – month ) – I was 12 years old – then‬‬
‫‪11 years – 10 months – 9 weeks – 8 days – 7 hours‬‬
‫‪for‬‬ ‫‪minutes – a day / a year – an hour – a long time - ever 5‬‬
‫لمدة‬ ‫‪ages – the last month‬‬
‫ذهب الى مكان ما وعاد ‪* have / has been to + place‬‬
‫ذهب الى مكان ما )أو فى طريقه ﺇلية( ولم يعد ‪* have / has gone to + place‬‬
‫‪- He has been to London. = He went to London and came back.‬‬
‫‪The Pearl‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪3 rd Prep Second Term‬‬

- He has gone to London. = He is in London now.
:‫ ييحول زمن المضارع التام الى المبنى للمجهول كالتى‬
( object + have, has + been + pp )
Active : I have bought a new car.
Passive: A new car has been bought by me.
Form Negative Interrogative Key words

Usage
‫التكوين‬ ‫النفي‬‫السإتفهام‬ ‫الكلمات الدالة‬
‫السإتخدام‬
I I I - After
He He he ‫ييسإتخدم‬ - When
She She she ‫ للتعبير عن‬- As soon
as
It had pp It hadn’t pp Had it pp ‫ شىء حدث‬- Before
You You you ‫ ﺇكتمل‬/‫ بالفعل‬- By the
We We we ‫قبل حدوث‬ time
They They they ‫ شىء آخر‬- till
- until
‫( ﺇذا وجد حدثين فى الماضى فإن الحدث الول )الذى تم أوال( يوضع فى الماضى التام ويبقى‬1
‫الحدث الثانى فى الماضى البسإيط‬
After / As soon as / When ‫ ماضى تام‬+ ‫ماضى بسإيط‬
Before / By the time ‫ ماضى بسإيط‬+ ‫ماضى تام‬
‫ماضى بسإيط منفى‬ till / until ‫ماضى تام‬
:‫ فى المثلة التية‬when ‫ولكن لحظ اسإتخدام الماضى التام مع‬ 

- When they reached the station, the train had left.
It means that they missed it.
- When they had reached the station, the train left.
It means that they took it.
- When they reached the station, the train left.
It means that they reached when / the moment the train left.
( V + ing ) or ( n.) ‫ نضع‬After / Before ‫( ﺇذا لم يوجد فاعل بعد‬2

→ .After → V + ing / n ‫ماضي بسإيط‬
→ .Before → V + ing / n ‫ماضي تام‬
.After reading the story, I visited my friend -

- I had read the story before visiting my friend
:‫( ييحول زمن الماضى التام الى المبنى للمجهول كالتى‬3
( object + had + been + pp )
Active : We had done the homework.
Passive: The homework had been done by us.
Statement ‫الجملة الخبرية‬

.‫ الجملة الخبرية هي الجملة التي تتكون من فاعل وفعل‬
-: ‫ عند تحويل الجملة الخبرية إلى غير المباشر نتبع الخطوات التية‬
-: ‫( يتغير فعل القول كما يلي‬1
Direct Indirect Direct Indirect
say say say to tell + ‫مفعول‬
says says says to tells + ‫مفعول‬
said said said to told + ‫مفعول‬
.‫ للربط و يمكن الستغناء عنها‬that ‫( القأواس ُتحذف ونستخدم‬2
‫( ُتحول الضمائر سواء في حالة الفاعل أو المفعول به أو الملكية بحيث تعود‬3
:‫وغالبا ما تكون كالتي‬،‫على الفاعل والمفعول خارج القأواس حسب المعنى‬
Direct Indirect Direct Indirect Direct Indirect
‫ضمير فاعل‬ ‫ضمير مفعول‬ ‫ضمير ملكية‬
I he, she me him, her my his, her
we they us them our their
‫ تتغير الزأمنة والظروف وأسماء‬said / said to ‫( إذا كان فعل القول ماضي‬4
:‫الشارة كالتالي‬
Direct Indirect
Present simple ( go / goes) Past simple ( went )
Present continuous (is going) Past continuous ( was going )
Present perfect (has gone ) Past perfect ( had gone )
Past simple ( went ) Past simple / perfect (went/had gone)
shall, will, can, may + inf. should, would, could, might + inf.
must, have to, has to + inf had to + inf

this that tomorrow the following (next) day
these those the following (week)
next (week)
here there the (week) after
now then the day before
yesterday
today that day the pervious day
tonight that night the (week) before
last (week)
ago before the pervious week
1. He said to me, “I went to the zoo yesterday.”
………………………………………………………………………………...
2. She said, “I'm doing my homework now.”
………………………………………………………………………………...
3. He said “I'll buy a car.”
………………………………………………………………………………...
4. He said to her “ I’m here to help you.”
………………………………………………………………………………...
‫ملحاظات‬
‫ إذا كان فعل القول فى زأمن المضارع البسيط أو المستقبل البسيط فإن‬-1
‫ ويكون التغيير فى الضمائر‬،‫الزأمنة والظروف وأسماء الشارة ل تتغير فى التحويل‬
.‫فقط‬
5. She says ,” I usually visit my grandma every week.“
……………………………………………………………………………….
‫ ل تتغير الزأمنة إذا كان الفعل يعبر عن حقيقة مطلقة أو حدث منذ فترة قأصيرة‬-2
.‫جدا أو أن الحدث دائم ومتكرر‬
6. He said “ the earth is round.“
………………………………………………………………………………...
‫ وإذا‬.‫ إذا كان المخاطب داخل القأواس فإنه يوضع بعد فعل القول عند التحويل‬-3
‫ فإننا‬he said ‫ أو‬said he ‫جاءت جملة القول في آخر الجملة الخبرية على صورة‬
.‫نبدأ بها الجملة عند التحويل‬
7. “ I want to dine with you Shaimaa .”, said Faten .
………………………………………………………………………………...
: ‫فى الكلم غير المباشر مثل‬said / told ‫ ممكن استخدام كلمات أخرى غير‬-4
answered / replied / reported

said & told ‫ كيف تختار بين‬-5
+ dias ....... + ‫ـــعــل‬

‫ف‬ told + ‫ مف عول‬+ ‫ـــاــعل‬
‫ ف‬+ ‫ـــعــل‬
‫ف‬
1) Ali ( said‫ـــاف–ــعل‬told ) Emad that he might come the next day.
2) She ( told – said ) us she had met the manager the day before.
3) He ( said – told ) his father was ill.
4) Adel ( said – told ) he could speak French.
Reported Questions ‫الجملة السإتفهامية‬

.‫ الجملة الستفهامية هي الجملة التي تبدأ بفعل مساعد أو أداة استفهام‬
-: ‫ عند تحويل الجملة الستفهامية إلى غير المباشر نتبع الخطوات التية‬
-: ‫( يتغير فعل القول كما يلي‬1
say ask say to ask + ‫مفعول‬
says asks says to asks + ‫مفعول‬
said asked said to asked + ‫مفعول‬
‫ للربط إذا بدأ السؤال بفعل‬if / whether ‫( القأواس ُتحذف ونستخدم‬2
‫ ويأتى بعد‬, ‫ أما إذا بدأ السؤال بأداة استفهام نستخدمها كأداة ربط‬,‫مساعد‬
.‫الرابط فاعل ثم فعل ثم باقأى الجملة‬
‫ فاعل‬+if /Wh. + asked + ‫ فاعل‬+ ‫ فعل‬+ ‫باقى الجملة‬
: ‫فى الكلم غير المباشر مثل‬ask ‫ ممكن استخدام كلمات أخرى غير‬-
want to know / wonder
.‫( نتبع إجراءات وجداول التحويل كما سبق ذكرها في الجملة الخبرية‬3
1. Ali said to his friend , “ why were you absent yesterday?”
………….…………………………………………………………………….
2. “Are you coming to the party?” ( she asked me )
………….…………………………………………………………………….
3. Did you get a computer? ( He asked )
………….…………………………………………………………………….
4. He said to her “Have you done your homework?” ( He wondered )
………….…………………………………………………………………….
5. He said “What is your name?” ( He asked )
………….…………………………………………………………………….
Order, Request and Advice

‫الجملة المرية أو الطلب أو النصيحة‬
-: ‫عند التحويل إلى غير مباشر نتبع التى‬

-:‫ يتحويل فعل القول الى‬
asked - ordered - told - advised  said – said to
.‫ ثم مصدر الفعل‬not to ‫ والجملة المنفية بــ‬to ‫ نربط الجملة المثبته بــ‬
 He asked me to / not to + ‫المصدر‬
1. My teacher said, “ Study hard to succeed.”
(advised me)
………….…………………………………………………………………….
2. Hazem said, “ Go home, Mona.“ (told)
………….…………………………………………………………………….
3. He said, “ Don’t play with matches.”
(He told me)
………….…………………………………………………………………….
4. He said to me " Open the door and don't close the window."
(He ordered)
………….…………………………………………………………………….

A clause is a group of words which contains a subject and a verb

and, which is part of a sentence.
‫ والتى تكون جزء من‬,‫هى مجموعة من الكلمات التى تحتوى على فاعل وفعل‬
‫الجملة‬.
- She came home when she was tired.
- She came home and she was tired are both clauses. Here, they
are joined by when.
A relative clause is a group of words containing a verb which
describe something or somebody. It comes after the noun it is
describing.
‫العبارة الموصولة هى مجموعة من الكلمات تحتوى على فعل وهى تصف شيئاا‬
.‫صف‬‫ كما أنها تأتى بعد السم الذى ُيو ص‬,‫ما أو شخصاا ما‬
- This is the bag which I bought last week.
- The man who lives next door is very rich.
- ‫وُتستخدم ضمائر الوصل التية فى بداية العبارة الموصولة‬:-
Who (that) for people (‫للعاقل )فاعل أو مفعول‬
Whom for people (‫للعاقل )مفعول‬
Which (that) for things or animals (‫للشياء أو الحيوانات )فاعل أو مفعول‬
Where for places ‫للماكن‬
When a period of time ‫فترة أو مدة زمنية‬
Whose possessive ‫ضمير الملكية‬
Who \ That
.‫( تحل محل الفاعل العاقأل ويأتي بعدها الفعل وليمكن حزفها‬1

1) That is the scientist. He won the Noble Prize.
- That is the scientist who / that won the Noble Prize.
2) The girl is my daughter. She got the medal.
- The girl who\ that got the medal is my daughter.
‫( تحل محل المفعول العاقأل ويأتي بعدها الفاعل ويمكن حزفها وُتفهم من‬2
.‫سياق الجملة‬
3) The man is my uncle. You met him yesterday.
- The man whom \ who \ that\ you met yesterday is my uncle.
- The man you met yesterday is my uncle.
4) That is the man . You are talking about him.
- That is the man whom \ who \ that you are talking about.
- That is the man you are talking about.
- That is the man about whom you are talking.
Which \ That
.‫( تحل محل الفاعل غير العاقأل ويأتي بعدها الفعل وليمكن حزفها‬1
1) We bought a new car. It is very expensive.
- We bought a new car which \ that is very expensive.
2) The books are mine. They are on the shelf.
- The books which \ that are on the shelf are mine..
‫( تحل محل المفعول العاقأل ويأتي بعدها الفاعل ويمكن حزفها وُتفهم من‬2
.‫سياق الجملة‬
3) He bought a new car. He made an accident with it.
- He bought a new car which \ that he made an accident with.
- He bought a new car he made an accident with.
- He bought a new car with which he made an accident.
4) The train left at ten o'clock. We caught the train.
- The train which \ that we caught left at ten o'clock.
- The train we caught left at ten o'clock.
Whose
‫( فى الجملة الثانية‬his – her – their – its) ‫( تحل محل ضمائر الملكية‬1
1) This is our neighbour. His son is a doctor.
- This is our neighbour whose son is a doctor.
2) Mr Ahmed is our neighbour. His son is a doctor.

- Mr Ahmed, whose son is a doctor, is our neighbour.
3) I met the boy. The boy’s father was killed.

- I met the boy whose father was killed.
4) The computer is new. Its screen broke down.

- The computer whose screen broke down is new.
5) That’s my grandfather. We live in his house.
- That’s my grandfather whose house we live in.
- That’s my grandfather in whose house we live.
Where
.‫( حيث وتحل محل المكان ويأتي قأبلها المكان مباشراة‬1
1) This is my school. I study in it.
- This is my school where I study.
- This is my school which I study in.
- This is my school in which I study.
When
‫( حيث وتحل محل الزمان ويأتي قأبلها مباشرة الزمان‬1
1) June is a month. Students take exams in June.
- June is a month when students take exams.
2) I usually visit my uncles on Friday.
- Friday is the day when I usually visit my uncles.
-: ‫للتعبير عن احاتمالت حادوث شىء فى المستقبل نستخدم‬

.‫ تسإتخدم للتعبير عن شىء مؤكد حدوثه فى المسإتقبل‬
I'm sure / I'm certain / It's definite / definitely ‫وتأتى مع‬
will + inf. - Father will travel to London. I'm sure.
- The suit will definitely be ready by Monday 28th.

may + inf. ‫ تسإتخدم للتعبير عن احتمال حدوث شىء فى المسإتقبل ) احتمال حدوثه‬
I'm not sure / It's probable ‫كبير ولكن ليس مؤكد( وتأتى مع‬
- They may visit us tomorrow.
- The girl's party dress may be ready by Sunday 23rd.
.‫ تسإتخدم للتعبير عن احتمال ضعيف لحدوث شىء فى المسإتقبل‬
might + inf. I don’t know / I don’t think so / It's possible ‫وتأتى مع‬
- We might give a party tonight, but I don’t think so.
- Ali's team might win the match. ( It's possible )
.‫ تسإتخدم للتعبير عن شىء مؤكد عدم حدوثه فى المسإتقبل‬
won't + inf. - Tamer won't come today. ( It's certain.)
- Ali won't be the hero of the match. ( I'm sure.)
Countable nouns ‫السإمـاء التى تعــد‬
. ‫ ( فـى المفـرد وتحـذفان فى الجمـع‬a - an ) ‫( السإـم الذى يعـد له مفـرد وله جمـع ويأخـذ‬1
a book books an egg eggs
. ‫( ويمكـن اسإتخدام هـذه الكلمـات مـع السإم الذي يعـد‬2

( some – any – a lot of - many – few )
(a lot of books – few pens – many pounds – some shirts – any stories)
Uncountable nouns ‫السإمـاء التى ل تعــد‬
. ‫ ( فـى المفـرد‬a - an ) ‫( السإـم الذى ل يعـد ل يمكـن عـده ول يأخـذ‬1

water - money - music - bread - news - information - oil ….
. ‫( ويمكـن اسإتخدام هـذه الكلمـات مـع السإـم الذي ل يعـد‬2
( a lot of – much – little – some – any )
(a lot of information – some money – little water – much milk – any
news)
:‫( السإماء التية ل تعد ودائما ا جمع وليس لها مفرد‬3
police, youth ‫شباب‬, clothes, ………….
:‫ ييسإتخدم معها دائما فعل مفرد‬s ‫( بعض السإماء التى ل تعد المنتهية بحرف‬4
athletics / politics / mathematics / maths / news / physics / electronics

‫‪Final Revision‬‬ ‫‪Mr Sayed Ouf‬‬
‫‪ ‬تأتى قبـل اسإـم يعـد أو اسإم ل يعـد فى جملـة خبـريـة مثبتـة ‪.‬‬
‫‪- I have got a lot of friends.‬‬
‫‪a lot of‬‬ ‫‪- I have got a lot of money.‬‬
‫‪ ‬يمكن اسإتخدام كلمة )‪ (a lot‬بدون )‪ (of‬وليتبعها اسإم وتأتى في آخر الجملة‪.‬‬
‫‪- I like reading stories a lot.‬‬
‫‪ ‬تأتى قبـل اسإـم يعـد فى جملـة خبـريـة مثبتـة ‪.‬‬
‫‪lots of‬‬ ‫‪- Lots of us like English.‬‬
‫‪- There are lots of apples.‬‬
‫‪ ‬تأتى قبـل اسإـم يعـد فى النفي و السإتفهام ‪.‬‬
‫‪many‬‬ ‫‪- I haven't got many friends.‬‬
‫?‪- Have you got many friends‬‬
‫‪ ‬تأتى قبل اسم يعد فى جملة خبرية مثبتة وتشير الى عدد‬
‫‪too many‬‬ ‫)أكثر من اللزام(‪.‬‬
‫‪- There are many people in the hall.‬‬
‫‪ ‬تأتى قبـل اسإـم ل يعـد فى النفي و السإتفهام‪.‬‬
‫‪much‬‬ ‫‪- I haven't got much money.‬‬
‫?‪- Have you got much money‬‬
‫‪ ‬تأتى قبل اسم ل يعد فى جملة خبرية مثبتة وتشـير ﺇلى كمية‬
‫‪too much‬‬ ‫)أكثر من اللزام(‪.‬‬
‫‪- There is little water in the bottle.‬‬
‫‪a few‬‬ ‫‪ ‬تأتى قبـل اسإـم يعـد وتشـير ﺇلى عـدد قليـل ولكـن يكـفـى فى الجملة المثبتة‪.‬‬
‫) ‪- I have a few pounds. ( enough‬‬
‫‪ ‬تأتى قبـل اسإـم يعـد وتشـير ﺇلى عـدد قليـل ول يكـفى فى الجملة المثبتة‪.‬‬
‫‪few‬‬
‫‪- I have few pounds.‬‬ ‫) ‪( not enough‬‬
‫‪ ‬تأتى قبـل اسإـم يعـد فى جملة خبرية مثبتة وتشـير ﺇلى عـدد )أقل من ‪too few‬‬
‫اللزام(‪.‬‬
‫‪- The pupils answered too few questions.‬‬
‫‪a little‬‬ ‫‪ ‬تأتى قبـل اسإـم ل يعـد وتشـير ﺇلى كميـة قليـلة ولكـن تكـفـى فى الجملة المثبتة‪.‬‬
‫) ‪- I drank a little water. ( enough‬‬
‫‪ ‬تأتى قبـل اسإـم ل يعـد وتشـير ﺇلى كميـة قليـلة ول يكفـى فى الجملة المثبتة‪.‬‬
‫‪little‬‬ ‫‪- I drank little water.‬‬ ‫) ‪( not enough‬‬
‫‪ ‬تأتى قبـل اسإـم ل يعـد فى جملة خبرية مثبتة وتشـير ﺇلى عـدد )أقل من‪too little‬‬
‫اللزام(‪.‬‬
‫‪- She has got too little money.‬‬
‫‪The Pearl‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪3 rd Prep Second Term‬‬

.‫ يتسإتخدم للسإؤال عن الكمية و يأتى بعدها اسإم كمية ثم فعل مسإاعد‬
- How much milk is there in the fridge?
How much .‫ يتسإتخدم للسإؤال عن الثمن و يأتى بعدها فعل مسإاعد ثم الفاعل‬
- How much is this dress?
- How much does this dress cost?
How many .‫ يتسإتخدم للسإؤال عن العدد ويأتى بعدها اسإم جمع ييعد ثم فعل مسإاعد‬
- How many books did you buy?
Comparing Quantities ‫مقارنة الكميات‬

Adjectives adjective Comparatives Superlatives
Nouns ‫الصفة‬ ‫المقارنة بين أكثر من اثنين المقارنة بين اثنين‬
Countable nouns a lot of / many more than the most
‫السإماء التى تعد‬ few fewer than the fewest
Uncountable nouns a lot of / much more than the most
‫السإماء التى ل تعد‬ little less than the least
- Samy bought more notebooks than Leila.
- Ali has more sugar than Emad.
- Hany has the most books.
- Menna has got the most money.
- Ahmed has fewer pens than Ayman.
- Dina drank less juice than Hala.
- Ahmed read the fewest books.
- You will buy fewer goods if they are expensive.
- You must buy goods for less money than you sell them for.
.‫تأتـى قبـل اسإـم يعـد أو اسإـم ل يعـد فى جملـة خبـريـة مثبتـة و فى سإؤالي العـرض والطـلـب‬
- My mother knows some good stories. (‫)اسإم يعد‬
some - I drank some water.(‫)اسإم ل يعد‬
- Would you like some tea?(‫)عرض‬
- Can I have some of these apples? (‫)طلب‬
.‫تأتـى قبـل اسإـم يعـد أو اسإم ل يعـد فى جملـة اسإتفهـاميـة أو منفـيـة‬
- I don't want any stamps. ( ‫اسم‬
‫)يعد‬
- I didn't drink any milk. (‫)اسإم ل يعد‬
.‫ مـع نفـى الفعـل‬some ‫تسإتخدم لنفى‬
any
- I bought some books. - I didn't buy any books.
- She has some money. - She doesn't have any money.
: ‫تأتـى مـع الكـلمـات الدالـة علـى النفـى مثـل‬
hardly – never – without – refuse – too …….. to
- He never had any luck. - We hardly had any money.
. ‫ الدالـة والمعبـرة عـن الشـك‬If ‫تسإتخـدم مـع‬
- If anyone has any questions, I'll be pleased to answer them.
.‫تأتـى فـى الجمـل المنفيـة عنـدمـا يكـون الفعـل مثبتـا‬
- There were no shops open. - I have no money.
no not …… any ‫ مـع فعـل مثبـت وتسإـاوى‬some ‫تسإتخــدم لنفـى‬
- She has some money. - She has no money.
- I bought some books. - I bought no books.
The Possessive ( ’s ) ‫الملكية‬ ( ’s )

‫ ( عادة بعد السماء المفردة )أشخاص – حيوانات – طيور‬s’ ) ‫( تستخدم‬1
( ...
Ahmed’s bag a spider’s web Ahmed’s bags
a doctor’s appointment the cat’s tail Ali’s sister’s party ‫اسإمين متتاليين‬
-: ( ‫( ) جمع شاذ‬
s ) ‫ ( بعد السم الجمع الذى ل ينتهى بــ‬s’ ) ‫( تستخدم‬2
the children’s bike people's telephone numbers
a children's book / men's coats Ali and Ahmed’s car(‫)بعد أكثر من اسإم‬
‫ ( مع أسماء الوظائف لتشير الى مكان الوظيفة ويأت قأبلها حرف‬s’ ) ‫( تستخدم‬3
-: (at)‫الجر‬
the dentist’s the doctor's the grocer’s
the chemist's the butcher’s the baker’s
-: ‫مع التعبيرات والفترات الزمنية المفردة‬ ( s’ ) ‫( تستخدم‬4
today’s weather an hour’s time
tomorrow's world Monday’s dairy
next week's meeting a week’s holiday
yesterday’s newspaper this evening’s programme

-: ‫( بعد السم دون أن يتبعها اسم آخر‬ s’ ) ‫( تستخدم‬5
The blue bag is Ali's. ( = Ali's bag )
This isn’t my book. It's my sister's. ( = my sister's book )
Dina's hair is longer than Heba's. ( = Heba's hair )
-: ( s ) ‫( تستخدم ) ’ ( مع السماء المفردة المنتهية بـ‬6
Chris’ children Charles’ car Ramsis’ statue
-: ( s ) ‫( تستخدم ) ’ ( مع السماء الجمع المنتهية بـ‬7
the boys’ mother my parents’ flat the sailors’ hats horses’ legs
( ’ ) ‫( تستخدم‬8
-: ‫مع التعبيرات والفترات الزمنية الجمع‬
three week's holiday two week's rest = a two-week rest
.n.+n ‫( مع اسم الجماد ويكون السم الثانى صفة للسم الول‬s’)‫( ل تستخدم‬9
the restaurant owner exercise book school bag ink pen
computer screen the garage door English book table leg
pp. / v+ing / adj. / ) ‫( وفى هذه الحالة يتبعها‬is ) ‫( لختصار‬s ’) ‫( ُتستخدم‬10
(.n
- He's a scientist. - She's revising her lessons.
- He's Egyptian. - He's punished by his father.
(.pp. / n ) ‫( وفى هذه الحالة يتبعها‬has ) ‫( لختصار‬s ’) ‫( ُتستخدم‬11
- He's a car. - He's got a car.
Present ‫المضارع‬
Present Necessity ‫الـضــرورة فى المضارع‬
.‫ُت ستخدم للتعبير عن الضرورة واللزام بفعل شىء فى الوقأت الحالى‬ 
I, he, she, it, you, we, they must

I , you , we , they have to + inf.
he , she , it has to
 They must / have to hurry. They are late for school.
 I have to / must change the light bulb because it isn’t working.
‫لحاـظ أن‬
It is necessary to + inf.
must / have to / has to+ inf. =
It is necessary for + ‫ مفعول‬+ to + inf.
 It is necessary for them to hurry.

lack of Present Necessity ‫نقـــص الضـــرورة فى المضارع‬
‫ُتعبر عن عدم الضرورة لفعل شىء فى المضارع ) ل داعى لفعل الشىء‬ 
( ‫ويمكن أن تفعله إذا أردت‬
I, you, we, they don’t have to + inf.
he, she, it doesn’t has to + inf.
 You don’t have to hurry. It’s too early.
 He doesn’t have to attend the party.
It is necessary not to + inf.
‫لحاـظ أن‬ It isn’t necessary to + inf.
don’t have to + inf. It is unnecessary to + inf.
doesn’t have to + inf. = It is necessary for + ‫ مفعول‬+ not to + inf.
It isn’t necessary for + ‫ مفعول‬+ to + inf.
It is unnecessary for + ‫ مفعول‬+ to + inf.
 It is unnecessary for him to attend the party.
Past ‫الماضى‬
Past Necessity ‫الـضــرورة فى الماضى‬
.‫ وبالتالى تم التنفيذ‬,‫ُت ستخدم للتعبير عن الضرورة بفعل شىء فى الماضى‬ 
I, he, she, it, you, we, they had to + inf.
 You had to study hard.
 She had to take a taxi.
‫لحاـظ أن‬ It was necessary to + inf.
had to+ inf. = It was necessary for + ‫ مفعول‬+ to + inf.
 It was necessary to study hard.
 It was necessary for her to take a taxi.
lack of Past Necessity ‫نقـــص الضـــرورة فى الماضى‬
‫ )شئ لـم يكـن مهـم ولذلـك‬,‫ ُتعبر عن عدم الضرورة لفعل شىء فى الماضى‬
.(‫لـم أفعلـه‬
I, he, she, it, you, we, they didn’t have to + inf.
 I didn’t have to hurry as I was early.
 He didn’t have to book a ticket.
It was necessary not to + inf.
‫لحاـظ أن‬ It wasn’t necessary to + inf.
It was unnecessary to + inf.
didn’t have to + inf. =
It was necessary for + ‫ مفعول‬+ not to + inf.
It wasn’t necessary for + ‫ مفعول‬+ to + inf.
It was unnecessary for + ‫ مفعول‬+ to + inf.
 It was unnecessary for him to book a ticket.
Future ‫المسإتقبل‬
Future Necessity ‫الـضــرورة فى المستقبل‬
.‫ُتستخدم للتعبير عن الضرورة بفعل شىء فى المستقبل‬ 
I, he, she, it, you, we, they will have to + inf.
 You will have to work hard to do well in the test.
 The car has broken down. We will have to find a mechanic.
-: ‫لحاظ أن‬
It will be necessary to + inf.
will have to+ inf. = It will be necessary for + ‫ مفعول‬+ to + inf.
 It will be necessary to work hard to do well in the test.
 It will be necessary for us to find a mechanic.
lack of Future Necessity ‫نقـــص الضـــرورة فى المستقبل‬
‫ )شئ غير مهـم ولذلـك‬,‫ ُتعبر عن عدم الضرورة لفعل شىء فى المستقبل‬
.(‫لـن أفعلـه‬
I, he, she, it, you, we, they won’t have to + inf.
 I won’t have to go to work on Fridays. It’s a weekend.
 I won’t have to wear heavy clothes tomorrow.
‫لحاـظ أن‬ It won’t be necessary to + inf.
It will be unnecessary to + inf.
won’t have to + inf. =
It won’t be necessary for + ‫ مفعول‬+ to + inf.
It will be unnecessary for + ‫ مفعول‬+ to + inf.
 It won’t be necessary to go to work on Friday.
 It will not be necessary to buy food tomorrow.
mustn’t + inf.
‫) لن ُيسمح لك بفعل الشىء لنه ممنوع أو محرم‬.‫ تعبر عن الحظر أو التحريم‬
(‫أو ضد القانون‬
 You mustn’t smoke here.
 You aren’t allowed to smoke here.
 You mustn’t arrive late for work.
 You are forbidden to arrive late for work.
am, is, are, not allowed to + inf.
mustn’t + inf. = It's forbidden to + inf.
.

‫الـخـلصاــة‬
Affirmative ‫ﺇثبات‬ Negative ‫نفى‬ Question ‫سإؤال‬
must + inf. needn’t + inf. Must + subj. + inf.
have to + inf. don’t have to + inf. Do + subj. + have to + inf.
has to + inf. doesn’t have to + inf. Does + subj. + have to + inf.
had to + inf. didn’t have to + inf. Did + subj. + have to + inf.
will have to + inf. won’t have to + inf. Will + subj. + have to + inf.
must have to / has to
‫ أو شعور‬,‫للتعبير عن ﺇلزام شخصى الن‬  ‫للتعبير عن أمر مفروض مثل القواعد العامة‬ 
.‫داخلى شخصى بضرورة عمل شىء ما‬ (‫قوانين مرور‬,‫مكتبة‬,‫واللوائح المدنية )مدرسإة‬
- I must read that book again. - He has to be at work at 8 o'clock.
- I must tell the truth. - You have to drive on the right.
- I must stop smoking. - You have to wear your uniform.
mustn’t don’t have to / doesn’t have to
‫ للتعبير عن المنع والتحريم‬ ‫ للتعبير عن عدم الضرورة‬
‫ ليجب أن تفعل كذا لنه ممنوع أو محرم أو‬- .‫ ليس هناك ضرورة لفعل شىء ولك الختيار‬-
.‫ ضد القانون أو اللزام من قانون أو لئحة‬- You don’t have to attend the
- Visitors mustn’t smoke. party.
- You mustn’t arrive late for work. - He doesn’t have to travel by
- I mustn’t eat so much sugar. plane.
should have + pp ‫كان ينبغى أن‬ shouldn’t have + pp ‫لم يكن ينبغى أن‬
‫ تلوم شخـص على عـدم فعـل شـئ كـان مـن‬ ‫ تلـوم شخـص على فعـل شـئ خطـأ أو أحمق‬
.‫ ولكنه لم يفعله‬,‫المفـروض أن يفعـله‬ ‫أو ضد القانون كـان مـن المفـروض ألل‬
.‫ ولكنه فعله‬,‫يفعـله‬
You are late; you should have Your sister is crying; you
come earlier. shouldn’t have shouted at her.
:‫تتكون الجملة فى المبنى للمعلوم من‬ 

subject ‫فاعل‬ verb ‫فعل‬ object ‫مفعول‬ (‫)تكملة الجملة‬
   
:‫وعند تحويل الجملة الى المبنى للمجهول اتبع التى‬ 
.( ‫ابدأ الجملة بالمفعول ) أى حول المفعول أو ضمير المفعول الى فاعل‬ (1
.‫ فى نفس زأمن فعل الجملة‬to be ‫استخدم فعل‬ (2

.‫استخدم التصريف الثالث للفعل الساسى فى الجملة‬ (3
‫ )وحول ضمير الفاعل الى ضمير‬by ‫استخدم الفاعل محل المفعول مسبوقأاا بـ‬ (4
.(‫مفعول‬
:‫تتكون الجملة فى المبنى للمجهول من‬ 
object ‫مفعول‬ V. to be ‫فى زمن الجملة‬ P.P by + subject
   
-:‫ فى الزأمنة المختلفة كالتى‬to be ‫ويستخدم فعل‬ 
Tense Active Passive
‫المضارع البسإيط‬ v. / v.+ s, es, ies am - is – are + pp
‫الماضى البسإيط‬ v.+ d, ed, ied - ‫فعل شاذ‬ was - were + pp
‫المضارع المسإتمر‬ am, is, are + v + ing am - is – are + being + pp
‫الماضى المسإتمر‬ was, were + v + ing was - were + being + pp
‫المضارع التام‬ have, has + pp have - has + been + pp
‫الماضى التام‬ had + pp had been + pp
‫المسإتقبل البسإيط‬ will + inf. will be + pp
can, could, must can, could, must
modal verbs inf + pp have to, has to
be+ have to, has to
‫الفعال الناقصة‬ will have to, will have to,
had to, may had to, may
Ex :-
1) Egypt exports cotton to other countries.
………………………………….………………………………………………..
2) She cleaned the room.
………………………………….………………………………………………..
3) They are playing football.
………………………………….………………………………………………..
4) She was changing the curtains.
………………………………….………………………………………………..
5) We have built a new house.
………………………………….………………………………………………..
6) The teacher had explained the lesson.
………………………………….………………………………………………..
7) We'll reclaim a huge area of desert.
………………………………….………………………………………………..

‫لحاـظ أن‬
-:( ‫ اذا جاء في الجملة مفعولين ) يمكن أن نبدأ بالمفعول الول أو الثانى‬
for ‫ أو‬to ‫ عندما نبدأ بالمفعول الثانى نستخدم حرف الجر‬
1) He sent me a letter.
 I was sent a letter.
 A letter was sent to me.
2) I bought Ali a nice camera.

 Ali was bought a nice camera.
 A nice camera was bought for Ali.
Present Past
must + inf must have + pp
‫ تسإتخدم لعمل اسإتنتاج )مثبت( فى المضارع‬ ‫ تسإتخدم لعمل اسإتنتاج )مثبت( فى الماضى‬
.‫ يفعل كذا‬/ ‫ أكيد أنه كذا‬/ ‫ ليبد‬- .‫ عفععل ع كذا‬/ ‫ أكيد أنه كان كذا‬/ ‫ ليبد‬-
It's nearly certain ‫مضارع‬ It's nearly certain ‫ماضى‬
= I'm nearly certain / sure ‫بسيط‬ = I'm nearly certain / sure ‫بسيط‬
I think ‫ممثبت‬ I think ‫ممثبت‬
 He has three cars and a villa. He Menna looks very happy. She
must be rich. must have passed her exams.
can't + inf can't have + pp
‫ تسإتخدم لعمل اسإتنتاج )منفى( فى المضارع‬ ‫ تسإتخدم لعمل اسإتنتاج )منفى( فى الماضى‬
.‫ يفعل كذا‬/ ,‫ مسإتحيل أنه كذا‬/ ‫ ليمكن‬- .‫ عفععلع كذا‬/ ‫ مسإتحيل أنه كان كذا‬/ ‫ ليمكن‬-
It's nearly certain ‫مضارع‬ It's nearly certain ‫ماضى‬
I'm nearly certain / sure ‫بسيط‬ I'm nearly certain / sure ‫بسيط‬
= I think ‫منفى‬ = I think ‫منفى‬
I don’t think ‫مضارع بسيط‬ I don’t think ‫ماضى بسيط‬
It’s impossible ‫ممثبت‬ It’s impossible ‫ممثبت‬
 He has three cars and a villa. He  Here is his mobile. He can't have
can’t be poor. left it in his room.
may + inf may have + pp
‫يتعبر عن احتمال أو اسإتنتاج حدوث شىء فى‬  ‫يتعبر عن احتمال أو اسإتنتاج حدوث شىء فى‬ 
.‫المضارع والمسإتقبل ولكن غير مؤكد‬ .‫الماضى ولكن غير مؤكد‬
I'm not certain / sure I'm not certain / sure
It is probable ‫مضارع‬ It is probable ‫ماضى‬
= Perhaps ‫بسيط ممثبت‬ = Perhaps ‫بسيط ممثبت‬
It is quite possible ‫مستقبل بسيط‬ It is quite possible
 He is not here today. He may  I can't find my bag. I may have
be ill. left it at home.
might + inf might have + inf
‫ يتعبر عن احتمال أو اسإتنتاج حدوث شىء فى‬ ‫يتعبر عن احتمال أو اسإتنتاج حدوث شىء فى‬ 
.‫المضارع والمسإتقبل ولكن غير مؤكد جداا‬ .‫الماضى ولكن غير مؤكد جداا‬
I'm not very sure I'm not very sure
I'm not very certain ‫مضارع بسيط‬ I'm not very certain ‫ماضى بسيط‬
= It is possible ‫ممثبت‬ = It is possible ‫ممثبت‬
I don't think / know ‫مستقبل بسيط‬ I don't think / know
Perhaps Perhaps
 Ahmed might travel abroad, but  She was late. She might have
I don’t think so. missed the train.
Addition Links ‫روابط الضافة‬

‫يوجد مجموعة ممن الكلمات التي تربط جملتين لها أفكار متشابة وتكون الجملة‬
-:‫ملة لمعنى الجملة الولى ممـثل‬ ‫الثانية ُم ص‬
‫ك م‬
and, in addition, in addition to, also, too, as well
not only …….. but also ………
not only …….. , but …………… as well
and ‫و‬
.‫ُتستخدم لربط جملتين لهما نفس الفاعل أو الفعل أو المفعول‬ 
1) We went to the market. We went to the zoo.
- We went to the market and the zoo.
2) He went to the hospital. He visited his sick friend.
- He went to the hospital and visited his sick friend.
in addition ‫بالضافة الى‬

‫ُتستخدم لربط جملتين ويأتى بعدها جملة‬ 
1) We have got some cake. We've got some fruit.
- We have got some cake. In addition, we've got some fruit.
2) I play tennis. I go swimming.
- I play tennis, in addition I go swimming.
in addition to ‫بالضافة الى‬
(.v.+ ing / n) ‫ُتستخدم لربط جملتين ويأتى بعدها‬ 
1) He sold his flat. He sold his car.
- He sold his flat, in addition to his car.
2) I did my homework and helped my mother.
- In addition to doing my homework, I helped my mother.
also ‫ كذلك‬- ‫أيضاا‬
(v. be / have ) ‫ وبعد‬، ‫تأتي قأبل الفعل الساسي‬ 
1) Ali speaks English. He also speaks Turkish.
2) Dina is good at Arabic. She is also good at English.
3) Ahmed's father had also been a doctor.
too / as well ‫ كذلك‬- ‫أيضاا‬
‫تأتي في نهاية الجملة المثبتة‬ 
1) We have got some cake. We've got some fruit, too.
2) Sally visited Rome. She went to Athens as well.
not only … but also … ‫ ولكن أيضاا‬... ‫ليس فقط‬
not only … but … as well ‫ ولكن أيضاا‬... ‫ليس فقط‬
not only ‫( إذا ربطت فعلين ) أى الفاعل واحد فى الجملتين ( ُتوضع‬1

.‫ قأبل فاعل الجملة الثانية‬but also ‫قأبل فعل الجملة الولى و‬
1) I bought a car. I built a new house.
 I not only bought a car, but also I built a new house.
 I not only bought a car, but I also built a new house.
.‫ فى نهاية الجملة‬as well ‫ ونضع‬also ‫يمكن أن تحزف‬ 
 I not only bought a car, but I built a new house as well.
.‫يمكن أن تنفى الفعل الول بفعل مساعد‬ 
 I didn’t only buy a car, but also I built a new house.
(...‫ نجعل الجملة صيغة استفهامية)فعل مساعد‬Not only ‫إذا بدأت الجملة بـ‬ 
 Not only did I buy a car, but I also built a new house.

not ‫( إذا ربطت مفعولين )أى الفاعل والفعل واحد فى الجملتين( ُتوضع‬2
.‫ قأبل المفعول الثانى‬but also ‫ قأبل المفعول الول و‬only
1) He was a trader and a solider.
 He was not only a trader, but also a solider.
 He was not only a trader, but he was also a solider.
2) The English travellers were crossing deserts and jungles.
 The English travellers were crossing not only deserts, but also
jungles.
 The English travellers were not only crossing deserts, but they
were also crossing jungles.
3) Salma likes biscuits. She likes sweets.
 Salma likes not only biscuits, but also sweets.
 Salma not only likes biscuits, but she also likes sweets.
‫فى بداية‬Not only ‫إذا ربطت جملتين والفاعلين مختلفين توضع‬ (3

‫ يتبعها الفاعل الثانى والفعل‬but also ‫الجملة يتبعها الفاعل الول ُثم‬
.(‫يتبع الفاعل الثانى )من حيث الفراد والجمع‬
1) Menna is clever. Her friends are clever.
- Not only Menna but also her friends are clever.
2) My brothers speak English. My sister speaks English.
- Not only my brothers but also my sister speaks English.
Contrast Links ‫روابط التناقض‬
‫يوجد مجموعة ممن الكلمات التي تربط جملتين لها أفكار مختلفة فتكون الجملة‬ 
but, however, although, despite ‫الثانية بمعنى مضاد للجملة الولى مثل‬
, ‫فاعل‬ ‫فعل‬
1) He was ill. He passed the exam. (Although / Despite)

 Although he was ill, He passed the exam.
 Despite being ill, he passed the exam.
 Despite his illness, he passed the exam.
2) It rained heavily. We played the match. (although / despite)
 We played the match although it rained heavily.
 We played the match despite the heavy rain.
/ ‫ يأتى معها الحدث المتوقع‬although, despite ‫لحظ ترتيب الجملة مع‬ 
‫الواقعى‬
.‫ يتحول الفعل الى اسم والظرف الى صفة‬despite ‫لحظ عند استخدام‬ 
but ‫ لكن‬- however ‫ ومع ذلك‬- on the other hand ‫على الجانب الخآر‬
‫فاعل‬ ‫فعل‬
1) He is young. He is strong. (however / but)

 He is young, but he is strong.
 He is young, but strong.
 He is young, however he is strong.
 He is young. However, he is strong.
2) We have been building new roads. Traffic in cities is still slow.

(On the other hand)
 We have been building new roads. On the other hand traffic in
cities is still slow.
3) He lifted the heavy box. He was ill. (on the other

hand)
 He was ill, on the other hand he lifted the heavy box.
‫لحظ أن الحدث غير المتوقع يأتي في جملة‬ 
but, however, on the other hand
Cause Linkers ‫الروابط الدالة على السبب‬
‫ تستخدم هذه الروابط لتبين سبب حدوث الشىء ) الحدث بعدها هو سبب‬
(‫للحدث قأبلها‬
because ‫فاعل‬ ‫فعل‬
because of v.+ ing / n. / adj.+ n.
1) He didn’t go to hospital. He was very ill. (because)
 He didn’t go to hospital because he was very ill.
2) Ali wants to succeed. He is studying hard. (because)
 Ali is studying hard because he wants to succeed.
3) Dina was ill. She didn’t go to school. ( because of )
 Dina didn’t go to school because of her illness.
 Dina didn’t go to school because of being ill.
4) She got less marks. She wrote badly. ( because of )
 She got less marks because of writing badly.
 She got less marks because of bad writing.
Purpose Linkers ‫روابط الغرض‬
‫ُتستخدم هذه الروابط لربط جملتين بينهما علقأة غرضية )أى أنها توضح‬ 
to / in order to / so that ‫الغرض من فعل الشىء( مثل‬
to / in order to ‫مصدر الفعل‬
present so that ‫ فاعل‬can / may + inf

past so that ‫ فاعل‬could / might + inf
1) Menna has been revising. She wants to get a good result in her test.
 Menna has been revising to get a good result in her test.
 Menna has been revising in order to get a good result in her
test.
 Menna has been revising so that she can / may get a good
result in her test.
.‫ عند استخدام الروابط السابقة‬hope to ‫ أو‬want to ‫لحظ حزف الفعل‬
2) Hussam went to the hospital to visit his friend. (so that)
 Hussam went to the hospital so that he could visit his friend.
3) Ali went to the market so that he could buy fruit. (to / in order
to)
 Ali went to the market to / in order to buy fruit.
Result Links ‫روابط النتيجة‬
‫ ُت ستخدم هذه الروابط لتبين أن الحدث أدى الى حدث آخر )الحدث بعدها هو‬
so / that’s why (‫نتيجة للحدث قأبلها‬
so / that’s why ‫فاعل‬ ‫فعل‬
1) Omar wants to be a tour guide. He learns English.

 Omar wants to be a tour guide, so / that’s why he learns English.
2) He took his umbrella. It was raining.
 It was raining. That’s why he took his umbrella.
Other Links ‫روابط أخآرى‬

‫صفة‬
+ ‫ فاعل‬+ ‫فعل‬too to + ‫المصدر‬
‫ظرف‬
1) The lion was very tired. It couldn’t hunt.
 The lion was too tired to hunt.
2) The test is very difficult. I can't answer it.
 The test is too difficult to answer.
 The test is too difficult for me to answer.
3) He wrote badly. He didn’t get a good result.
 He wrote too badly to get a good result.
‫صفة‬
+ ‫ فاعل‬+ ‫فعل‬so that + ‫ فاعل‬+ ‫فعل‬
‫ظرف‬
1) The story was very interesting. I read it twice.
 The story was so interesting that I read it twice.
2) The desk is very heavy. He can't carry it.

 The desk is so heavy that he can't carry it.
3) Ali ran very fast. He won the race.

 Ali ran so fast that he won the race.
used to + inf.‫اعتاد أن‬

‫ ( للتعبير عن عــادة كــانت تحدث في‬.used to + inf ) ‫ ُتستخدم‬-
.‫الماضي ولـكـنها ل تحدث الن‬
‫ ( للتعبير عن عدم فعل شىء في‬.didn’t use to + inf ) ‫ ُتستخدم‬-
.‫الماضي ولـكـنه يفعلُه الن‬
Form ‫التكوين‬ Negative ‫النفي‬ Interrogative ‫السإتفهام‬
I I I
He He he
She She she
It used to + inf. It didn’t use to + inf. Did it use to + inf.
You You you

We We we
They They they
1) I played tennis when I was fifteen.
 I used to play tennis when I was fifteen.
2) He was fat when he was young.
 He used to be fat when he was young.
be used to + (v+ing)
-: ‫ (للتعبير عن عــادة فى الوقأت الحاضر‬be used to ) ‫ ُتستخدم‬-
I am
He, She, It is used to + v + ing
You, We, They are
1) I always watch TV.
 I am used to watching TV.
2) Menna usually gets good marks.
 Menna is used to getting high marks.
hard (adj.) - The exam was hard.

‫مجتهد‬- ‫ خشن‬- ‫ صلب‬- ‫صعب‬ - Rana is a hard student.
hard (adv.) - She studies hard.
‫ بشدة – بغزارة‬- ‫بجد‬ - It is raining hard.
hardly (adv.) - I'm too tired. I can hardly walk.
‫ بصعوبة – تقريبا ا ل‬- ‫بالكاد‬ - He hardly slept last night because he was ill.
- There is hardly any water in the glass.
.( ‫ تبدأ الجملة في صيغة المر بـــ ) مصدر الفعل ( بدون فاعل ) في حالة الثبات‬
.( ‫ ( بدون فاعل )في حالة النفي‬Don’t + ‫ تبدأ الجملة في صيغة المر بـــ ) مصدر الفعل‬
.( ‫ تسإتخدم صيغة المر عند ) ﺇعطاء أوامر أو تعليمات – تقديم ﺇقتراحات‬
Negative ‫صيغة النفي‬ Affirmative ‫صيغة الثبات‬
Don’t + ....‫مصدر الفعل‬ ‫مـصـــــدر الفعــــل‬
- Don’t play in the street. - Listen‚ the birds are singing.
- Don’t be late for school. - Wait for me, please.
- Don’t be rude to other people. - Be quiet, I want to sleep.
Verbs & Adjectives + (v + ing)

(v + ing ‫( أفعال وصفات تتتبع بـ‬
be interested in (adj.) ‫مهتم بـ‬ go on ‫يسإتمر‬ mind ‫يمانع‬
be used to (adj.) ‫يمعتاد على‬ ask for ‫يطلب‬ enjoy ‫يسإتمتع‬
be fond of (adj.) ‫يمغرم بـ‬ give up ‫يتوقف عن‬ begin ‫يبدأ‬
congratulate on ‫ييهنىء على‬ feel like ‫يرغب فى‬ start ‫يبدأ‬
look forward to ‫يتطلع الى‬ practice ‫يمارس‬ love ‫يحب‬
apologize for ‫يعتذر على‬ suggest ‫يقترح‬ like ‫يحب‬
succeed in ‫ينجح فى‬ busy (adj.) ‫مشغول‬ hate ‫يكره‬
thank for ‫يشكر على‬ go ‫يذهب‬ dislike ‫يكره‬
think of ‫يفكر فى‬ finish ‫ينهى‬ prefer ‫يفضل‬
Verb + to + inf.
(to ‫ أفعال تتتبع بـ )مصدر‬+
’d like ‫يحب أن‬ learn ‫يتعلم‬ hope ‫يأمل‬
’d love ‫يحب أن‬ agree ‫يوافق‬ wish ‫يتمنى‬
’d prefer ‫يفضل أن‬ refuse ‫يرفض‬ plan ‫يخطط‬
offer ‫يعرض‬ decide ‫يقرر‬ expect ‫يتوقع‬
invite ‫يدعو‬ want ‫يريد‬ arrange ‫يرتب‬
manage ‫يتمكن‬ try ‫يحاول‬ promise ‫يوعد‬
can = am, is, are able to + inf. could = was, were able to + inf.
I am I, He, She, It was
He, She, It is able to + inf. able to + inf.
You, We, They are You We They were
- He can speak English. - He could win the race.
- He is able to speak English. - He was able to win the race.

ملزمة جرامر حديثة تبدأ بمراجعة لأهم ما تم دراسته

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Copyright:

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ملزمة جرامر حديثة تبدأ بمراجعة لأهم ما تم دراسته

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Final Revision Mr Sayed Ouf

Form Negative Interrogative Usage Key words

Form Negative Interrogative Usage Key words

‫التصريف الثانى‬ He he ‫حدث بدأ فى الماضى‬ yesterday

Form Negative Interrogative Usage Key words

‫ حدث يقع الن‬-1 - Listen

He He he - He's eating. - Now

We are We aren’t Are we - I'm going to - at the

be → being see → seeing - ‫ ماعــدا‬:-

:‫( ييحول زمن المضارع المسإتمر الى المبنى للمجهول كالتى‬4

The Pearl 3 3 rd Prep Second Term

Form Negative Interrogative Usage Key words

He He he ‫ فعل كان مستمراا في‬-1 - AS

We were We weren’t Were we

→ ‫ ماضي بسيط‬, When→ ‫ماضي مستمر‬

‫→ ماضي مستمر‬ when → ‫ماضي بسيط‬

-:‫( ييعبر عن حدثين كانا مسإتمرين في وقت واحد ونسإتخدم التـي‬3

* Ex : - During the match, the light went out.

-:‫( لحاظ الفرق بين الجملتين‬8

 I was watching TV at 9 o'clock yesterday.

 I watched TV at 9 o'clock yesterday.

The Pearl 5 3 rd Prep Second Term

Form Negative Interrogative Usage Key words

.‫بدون دليل‬ - next

1 - There is no sugar. I'll buy some.

‫‪Form‬‬ ‫‪Negative‬‬ ‫‪Interrogative‬‬ ‫‪Usage‬‬ ‫‪Key words‬‬

‫‪The Pearl‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪3 rd Prep Second Term‬‬

Form Negative Interrogative Key words

:‫ فى المثلة التية‬when ‫ولكن لحظ اسإتخدام الماضى التام مع‬ 

( V + ing ) or ( n.) ‫ نضع‬After / Before ‫( ﺇذا لم يوجد فاعل بعد‬2

The Pearl 8 3 rd Prep Second Term

Statement ‫الجملة الخبرية‬

The Pearl 9 3 rd Prep Second Term

The Pearl 10 3 rd Prep Second Term

+ dias ....... + ‫ـــعــل‬

Reported Questions ‫الجملة السإتفهامية‬

Order, Request and Advice

-: ‫عند التحويل إلى غير مباشر نتبع التى‬

The Pearl 12 3 rd Prep Second Term

A clause is a group of words which contains a subject and a verb

The Pearl 13 3 rd Prep Second Term

2) Mr Ahmed is our neighbour. His son is a doctor.

3) I met the boy. The boy’s father was killed.

4) The computer is new. Its screen broke down.

-: ‫للتعبير عن احاتمالت حادوث شىء فى المستقبل نستخدم‬

The Pearl 15 3 rd Prep Second Term

Countable nouns ‫السإمـاء التى تعــد‬

. ‫( ويمكـن اسإتخدام هـذه الكلمـات مـع السإم الذي يعـد‬2

Uncountable nouns ‫السإمـاء التى ل تعــد‬

. ‫ ( فـى المفـرد‬a - an ) ‫( السإـم الذى ل يعـد ل يمكـن عـده ول يأخـذ‬1

The Pearl 16 3 rd Prep Second Term

‫‪The Pearl‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪3 rd Prep Second Term‬‬

Comparing Quantities ‫مقارنة الكميات‬

The Possessive ( ’s ) ‫الملكية‬ ( ’s )

The Pearl 19 3 rd Prep Second Term

I, he, she, it, you, we, they must

The Pearl 20 3 rd Prep Second Term

The Pearl 22 3 rd Prep Second Term

:‫تتكون الجملة فى المبنى للمعلوم من‬ 

The Pearl 23 3 rd Prep Second Term

The Pearl 24 3 rd Prep Second Term

2) I bought Ali a nice camera.

Addition Links ‫روابط الضافة‬