3G Optimization

RNO
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O Analysis Mate
D e v el op e d B y : Manik Kapo o r
Contact: Maanikkapoor@Outlook.Com
R N O Mate
3G Congestion HW
Channel Element
3G Events
CQI
Cpich Power
F 1 F 2 Layering Policy
G S M D C S Tr a f i c S h a r i n g
Handover 2G
2 G C el l Re s e l e c t i o n
Fr e q u e n c y H o p p i n g P a r a m e t e r s
2G Congestion
2 G Handover Problem
2 G Call D ro p
2 G Power Control
2 G D C R H W Pa r a m e t e r
C o u n t e r Re l a t i o n s h i p H W
3G Congestion N SN
Congestion Huawei 2G
Congestion Nokia 2 G
Congestion Siemens 2G
E v e n t s Pr e v en ti ve
3 G Huawei RT W P
3 G H u a w e i - H S D PA & H S U PA
Cl i ck to return to m a i n p a g e
Case 1st Action
Verify C E lice nse a n d C E board capability.
C E Blo cking/CE H i g h Util C o m m a n d s involved : D S P LI CE N SE , D S P
B B P TC
Iub Blocking/Iub H i g h Util Verify Iub BW setting in Node-B a n d in RNC.

S e ts involved : IPPATH, IPLOGICPORT
D L- Power Blo cking/DL - Power H i g h Util Physical Audit
UL- Power Blocking Physical Audit
Co de Blocking Physical Audit

2nd Action 3rd Action
Physical Audit C E lice nse and/or board u p g r ad e
Physical Audit Iub BW u p g r a d e
Modify D L C AC param eters set to

higher v al u e . Parameters involved :
Activate 40W, maintain existing PCPICH
DLCONVA MRTHD,
setting
DLCONVNONAMRTHD, D LO T H E RT H D ,
D L H O T H D , D L C E L LT O TA LT H D
Increase ULTOTALEQUSERNUM ( e . g from Turn-off NBM ULCACALGOSELSWITCH

1 6 0 to 1 8 0 ) (set to ALGORITHM_OFF)
Modify D L H O C E C O D E R E S V S F to lower Re d u c e HSPDSCHMINCODENUM ( e . g

S F ( e . g from S F 3 2 to S F 6 4 ) from 5 to 4 )
4th Action
Modify L D R threshold. S e t s involved : U C EL L L D M ,

UCELLLDR
Modify FTI to reduce Active Factor. S e t s involved :

TRM FACTOR, ADJMAP, ADJNODE
Re d u c e H S S C C H C O D EN U M ( e . g from 4 to 3 )
Channel Element (CE) Resource
C E resou rces are a type of NodeB hardware resource. T h e n u mb e r of C E s supported b y si n gl e NodeB indic
T h e more C E s a NodeB supports, the more powerful the c h a n n e l demodulation a n d ser v ice p ro ces sin g c a p a
different n u mb e r s of C E s to en su re proper c h a n n e l demodulation.
In a RAN, C E resources are m a n a g e d b y both the R N C a n d NodeB. T h e NodeB reports its C E cap aci ty to the R
the n u mb e r of C E s that n e e d to b e c o n s u m e d a n d controls C E resources durin g C E congestion. Th i s en su re
C E resou rces a n d rapidl on the actu al se r vice rate.
A proper u s e of C E resources i n c rea se s the n u m b e r of UE s that c a n b e admitted a n d imp ro ve s the s e r vic e

qu
Basic Channel Element Concepts

C E is a b a s i c unit that m e a s u re s the c h a n n e l demodulation capabilities of a NodeB. C E s are classi fied into u p
One UL C E n e e d s to b e c o n s u m e d b y a UL 1 2 . 2 kbit/s voice se r vic e ( S F = 6 4 ) p lu s 3 . 4 kbit/s s ig n alin g.
One D L C E n e e d s to b e c o n s u m e d b y a D L 1 2 . 2 kbit/s voice s e r vice ( S F = 1 2 8 ) p lu s 3 . 4 kbit/s si gn al in g.
If only 3 . 4 kbit/s si gn a li n g t r a f i c is carried on a D C H or HSPA ch an n e l, one C E still n e e d s to b e co n su m e d .

ty p e s c a n b e calcula ted b y an alogy.
T h e n u mb e r of UL a n d D L C E s supported b y a NodeB is de termin ed b y the NodeB hardware ca p abilities a n d
b y the NodeB hardware is called the p h y si c a l C E cap acity. T h e l i cen se d C E ca p aci ty m a y differ from the p h
c a n b e u s e d b y a n operator.
C E is a concept of the NodeB sid e. On the RN C sid e, it is calle d NodeB credit. T h e RN C performs ad mi ssi on
n u mb e r of Node credit resources is twice that of C E s . In the D L , the n u m b e r of NodeB credit resources e q u a l
C E S h a r i n g in a R e s o u r c e Gro up
To facilitate b a s e b a n d resource m a n a g e m e n t , NodeB b a s e b a n d resou rces fall into UL a n d D L resource

groups
UL Resource Group
UL resource group is a UL resource pool sh a re d on a p er-ch an ne l b asi s, more th an one cell c a n b e setu p in
b a s e b a n d boards, but one board c a n b elon g to only one UL resource group. C E resou rces in one UL resource
cell in a UL resource group c a n set u p se r vi c e s on a n y board in the group. T h e p h y si c a l C E cap aci ty of a UL
group.
DL Resource Group
Different from a UL resource group, a D L resource group is sh a red on a per-cell b a si s. Re s ou rc es in a D L re
one board c a n b e configured to multiple D L resource groups. D L C E resources for UE s in the s a m e cell c a n
resou rces in one D L resource group c a n b e sh a red only within a b a s e b a n d board.
N o d eB C E Capacity Specifications
Ty p ica l l y different b a s e b a n d boards of a NodeB h a v e their own C E ca p aci ty specifications. For ex a m p l e d ,
b a s e b a n d board, s e e the B B U 3 9 0 0 Hardware Description product b y Huawei
C E cap aci ty he re refers to the n u mb e r of C E s that c a n b e c o n s u m e d b y UL a n d D L R 9 9 se r v ice s a n d HSUPA s
co mm on a n d HSDPA ch a n n e l s .
Rules for Calculating C E

Consumption
T h e R N C d et e rmin es the n u mb e r of C E s required for a s e r vi ce b a s e d on the S F that m a t c h e s the se r v ice ra
resou rces mu s t b e allocated or taken b a c k a n d the n u mb e r of C E s mu s t b e d e d u c t ed or a d d e d according
c h a n n e l s or se r v i ce s of different ty p es.
C E resources rese rved b y the NodeB for c om m o n a n d HSDPA c h a n n e l s are shown in gray.
C E resou rces that n e e d to b e c o n s u m e d b y R 9 9 a n d HSUPA se r v i c e s are shown in pin k.
C
C E resources required on the UL a n d D L comm on c h a n n e l s are res er v ed b y the NodeB. Therefore, th ey do
con side red in the calculation of C E consumption.
H S D PA C h a n n e l s C E C o n s u m p t i o n
Simila rly, the NodeB re se r ve s C E resources for the h i gh - sp ee d downlink sh a red c h a n n e l ( H S - D S C H ) a n d th
n e e d to b e con side red in the calculation of C E consumption.
Note that the si g n a l i n g of a n HSDPA UE that is not performing a n R 9 9 se r vic e occu p i e s one D C H a n d n e e d s
the s i g n a l i n g of a n HSDPA se r vic e does not c o n s u m e additional C E resources. For a n HSDPA UE that is perfo
s a m e D C H . Therefore, only the C E s c o n s u m e d on R 9 9 t r a f i c ch a n n e l s n e e d to b e calcu la ted .
R99 Service CE Consumption

For a n R 9 9 ser vic e, the R N C d et e rmin e s the n u mb e r of C E s a n d NodeB credit resources that n e e d to b e con s
the s e rv ice.
Direction
UL
DL
H S U PA S e r v i c e C E C o n s u m p t i o n
For a n HSUPA s e r vice, the R N C d ete rmin es the n u mb e r of C E s a n d NodeB credit resources that n e e d to b e
d ete rmin e s the S F b a s e d on a certain rate in the following ways:
If the UL e n h a n c e d L 2 function is d isab le d a n d the NodeB in d icates in a priva te information el em en t (IE) th
the R N C calcu la t e s the S F b a s e d on the larger of the bit rate of one R L C PDU a n d the gu a ran te e d bit rate ( G B
If the UL e n h a n c e d L 2 function is d isab l ed , the R L C PDU s i z e is fixed. T h e bit rate of one R L C PDU is
determin
If the UL e n h a n c e d L 2 function is e n a b l e d a n d the NodeB ind icates in a private IE that d y n a m i c C E resource
S F b a s e d on the larger of the bit rate of the sma l le s t R L C PDU a n d the G B R.
If the UL e n h a n c e d L 2 function is en ab l e d , the R L C PDU si ze is flexible. T h e bit rate of the sm a ll es t R L C P
m i n i m u m R L C PDU s i z e c a n b e sp ecified b y the RlcPdu MaxSizeFo r UlL2E n h an ce paramete r.
If the NodeB reports that d y n a m i c C E resource m a n a g e m e n t h a s b e e n d isab led , the R N C calcu l a te s the S F
ba
If the NodeB does not report whether d y n a m i c C E resource m a n a g e m e n t h a s b e e n en ab l e d , the R N C c a l c u
paramet er a n d whether the UL e n h a n c e d L 2 function is en ab le d .
If H su p a C e C o n s u m e S e l e c t i on is set to MBR, the R N C ca lcu la t es the S F b a s e d on the MBR.
If H su p a C e C o n s u m e S e l e c t i on is set to G B R:
If the UL e n h a n c e d L 2 function is d isab l ed , the R N C calcu lat e s the S F b a s e d on the larger of the bit rate of on
If the UL e n h a n c e d L 2 function is e n ab l ed , the R N C calcu la t e s the S F b a s e d on the larger of the bit rate of the
After dete rmin in g the S F , the R N C s e a rc h e s the C E consumption m a p p i n g listed below
Direction
UL
C E C o n s u m p t i o n of 4 -Way R e c e i v e Diver s it y
T h e u s e of 4-way rec ei v e diversity does not affect D L C E consu mption but dou b les UL C E consumption. T h e
UL C E consumption of a resource group d oubles if the resource group is configured with 4-way re cei ve
unchanged.
e x a m p l e s of C E Con sumption
UE A, which performs a UL 6 4 kbit/s a n d D L 3 8 4 kbit/s s e r vic e on the D C H , c o n s u m e s three UL C E s a n d
eight
UE B , which performs a UL 6 4 kbit/s a n d D L 1 0 2 4 kbit/s s e r vic e on the D C H a n d H S - D S C H resp ec tively , con
( S R B ) is carried on the D C H .
UE C , which performs a UL 6 0 8 kbit/s a n d D L 1 0 2 4 kbit/s s e r vic e on the E - D C H a n d H S - D S C H resp ectively
n in e UL C E s a n d one D L C E .
R a t e (kbit/s) SF Number of C Es Corresponding
Consumed Credits C o n s u m e d
3.4 256 1 2
13.6 64 1 2
8 64 1 2
16 64 1 2
32 32 1.5 3
64 16 3 6
128 8 5 10
144 8 5 10
256 4 10 20
384 4 10 20
3.4 256 1 1
13.6 128 1 1
8 128 1 1
16 128 1 1
32 64 1 1
64 32 2 2
128 16 4 4
144 16 4 4
256 8 8 8
384 8 8 8
R a t e (kbit s) SF Number of C Es Corresponding

8 64 C o n s 1u m e d C r e d i t s C2o n s u m e d
16 64 1 2
32 32 1 2
64 32 1 2
128 16 2 4
144 16 2 4
256 8 4 8
384 4 8 16
608 4 8 16
1450 2SF4 16 32
2048 2SF2 32 64
2890 2SF2 32 64
5760 2SF2+2 48 96
SF4
Event Name
event 1A
event 1B
event 1C
event 1D
event 1E
event 1 F
event 1G
event 1H
event 1I
Event 2a
Event 2b
Event 2c
Event 2d
Event 2e
Event 2f
Event 3a
Event 3b
Event 3c
Event 3d
event 4 A
event 4 B
event 5A
event 6A
event 6B
event 6C
event 6D
event 6E
event 6F
event 6G
Event 7a
Event 7b
Event 7c
A Primary CPICH enters the reporting ran ge; addition of a radio link.
A primary CPICH l e a v e s the reporting ran g e; removal of a radio link.
A non-active primary CPICH b e c o m e s better than a n active primary CPICH; replaceme nt of the wo
C h a n g e of best cell
A Primary CPICH b e c o m e s better than a n absolute threshold
A Primary CPICH b e c o m e s worse than a n absolute threshold
C h a n g e of best cell ( T D D )
Timeslot ISCP below a certain threshold ( T D D )
Timeslot ISCP abo ve a certain threshold ( T D D )
C h a n g e of best frequency
T h e estimated quality of the currently u s e d freque ncy is below a certain threshold a n d the estimat
T h e estimated quality of a non-used freque ncy is ab o ve a certain threshold
T h e estimated quality of the currently u s e d freque ncy is below a certain threshold; start com press
T h e estimated quality of a non-used freque ncy is below a certain threshold
T h e estimated quality of the currently u s e d freque ncy is abo v e a certain threshold; stop co m press
T h e estimated quality of the currently u s e d UTRAN frequency is below a certain threshold a n d the
T h e estimated quality of other s y s t e m is below a certain threshold
T h e estimated quality of other s y s t e m is abo v e a certain threshold
C h a n g e of best cell in other s y s t e m
Transport C h a n n e l Tr a f i c Volum e b e c o m es larger than a n absolute threshold

Transport C h a n n e l Tr a f i c Volum e b e c o m es smaller than a n absolute threshold
A predefined num be r of b a d C RC s is e x c e e d e d
The UE T x power b e c o m e s larger than a n absolute threshold; start co m pressed m o de

The UE T x power b e c o m e s l ess than a n absolute threshold; stop co m pressed m o de
The UE T x power re a ch e s its m i n i m u m v a l ue
The UE T x power re a ch e s its m a x i m u m v a l u e
The UE R S S I re ac hes the UE's d y n a m i c receiver ra n ge
The UE R x -T x time difference for a R L incl uded in the active set b e c o m e s larger than a n absolute t
The UE R x -T x time difference for a R L incl uded in the active set b e c o m e s le ss than a n absolute thr
T h e UE position c h a n g e s more than a n absolute threshold

SFN-SFN m ea s u rem e nt c h a n g e s more than a n absolute threshold
GP S time a n d SFN time h a v e drifted apart more than a n absolute threshold
C Q I s t a n d s f o r C h a n n e l Q u a l i t y I n d i c a t o r. A s t h e n a m e i m p l i e s , i t i s a n i n d i c a t o r c a r r y i n g t h e i n f
q u a l i t y is . T h i s C Q I i s f or H S D PA .
C Q I i s t h e i n f o r m a t i o n t h a t U E s e n d s t o t h e n e t w o r k a n d p r a c t i c a l l y it i m p l i e s t h e f o l l o w i n g t w o
i) Current Commu n ica tion C h a n n e l Quality is this-and-that..
ii) I (UE) wants to get the d ata with this-and-that transport block size, which in turn c a n b e directly
converted
In HSDPA, the CQI v a l u e r a n g e s from 0 ~ 3 0 . 3 0 ind ica tes the be st c h a n n e l quality a n d 0 , 1 ind ica tes the poor
network transmit d ata with different transport block size. If network g e ts h i g h CQI v a l u e from UE, it transmit
What if network s e n d s a large transport block e v e n though UE reports low CQI, it is h i gh l y probable that UE f
NACK to network a n d the network h a v e to retransmit it which in turn c a u s e waste of radio resources.
What if UE report h i g h CQI e v e n wh en the real c h a n n e l quality is poor ? In this c a s e , network would s e n d a la
would b e c o m e h igh ly probable that UE failed to d ecod e it ( c a u s e C R C error on UE sid e ) a n d UE s e n d NACK to
c a u s e waste of radio resources.
H o w U E c a n m e a s u r e C Q I ? T h i s i s t h e m o s t u n c l e a r t o p i c t o m e . A s f a r a s I k n o w, t h e r e i s n o e x p
w h i c h t h e C Q I i s c a l c u l a t e d , b u t it i s p r e t t y o b v i o u s t h a t t h e f o l l o w i n g f a c t o r s p l ay i m p o r t a n t r o le
signal-to-noise ratio (S N R)
signal-to-interference p l u s noise ratio (SINR)
signal-to-noise p lu s distortion ratio ( S N D R )
It is not d efin ed in the specification on how th e se factors are u s e d a n d whether there is a n y other factors b e
Usually at ch ip set d evel o p men t s ta g e , th ey do a lot of testing to correlate the m e a s u re d S N R a n d the m e a s u
equation) for the correlation. And the m a p p i n g table (function) would ev en tu ally u s e d to determine CQI v a l u e
I n LT E , t h e r e a r e 1 5 d i f f e r e n t C Q I v a l u e s r a n d i n g f r o m 1 t o 1 5 a n d m a p p i n g b e t w e e n C Q I a n d m o d
follows (36.213)
If you are a n en gin ee r in Network (eNodeB) p ro gram min g, you n e e d to know the n u mb e r of resource blo cks
a
CQI
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Note 1 : Refer to Throughtput Calculation E x a m p l e for dete rminin g N_RB, MC S, T B S determination.
Note 2 : RE s/ PRB varies d e p e n d i n g on CFI v a l u e a s follows.
CFI
1
2
3
Note 3 : I u s e d the following formula ex p l a i n e d in Cod e Ra te section.

v_Cod in gRate : = (int2float(p_TBSize + 2 4 ) ) / (int2float(p_N_PRB * tsc_REs_Per_PRB * v_BitsPerSymbol));
CQI is carried b y PUCCH or PUSCH d e p e n d i n g on the situation a s follows.
Carried b y PUCCH : Periodic CQI

Carried b y PUSCH : Aperiodic CQI.
Re g a rd i n g CQI report period a n d configuration, refer to CQI, PMI, RI Reporting Configuration part.
< Two Important CQI Ta b le >
We h a v e two different tab les a s shown below d efin ed in 3 6 . 2 1 3 . Now the question is in which situation the fir
se c on d tab le( Tab le 7.2-1) is u se d ). Overall story is d e sc ri b e d in 3 6 . 2 1 3 section 7. 2, I will just re-organize thos
T h e table shown ab ov e is u s e d in following situation. In this table, 4 bit is u s e d to indicate e a c h CQI valu e .
1 ) For trans mission m od e s 1, 2, 3 a n d 5, a s well a s trans mission mo d e s 8 , 9 a n d 1 0 without PMI/RI report

8 , 9 a n d 1 0 with PMI/RI reporting a n d R I = 1
2 ) For RI > 1 with transmis sion m od e 4, a s well a s tran smission mo d e s 8, 9 a n d 1 0 with PMI/RI reporting,
bit CQI ( 1 6 different val u e ) is reported for e a c h Codeword (C W0 a n d CW 1).
Following is another table that is u s e d for CQI report, but this is not the absolute valu e . It is a different v a l u e
d efin ed ? It is d efin ed a s follows :
Codeword 1 offset le vel = wid eb and CQI i n d ex for codeword 0 – wid eban d CQI i n d ex for codeword 1.
T
1 ) For RI > 1 with transmis sion m od e 4, a s well a s tran smission mo d e s 8, 9 a n d 1 0 with PMI/RI reporting,
CQI for codeword 0 acco rding to Tab l e 7.2.3 -1 a n d a wid eb and spatial differential CQI
Modulation Bits /Sy mbol RE s/ PR B N_RB MCS TBS
QPSK 2 138 20 0 536
QPSK 2 138 20 0 536
QPSK 2 138 20 2 872
QPSK 2 138 20 5 1736
QPSK 2 138 20 7 2417
QPSK 2 138 20 9 3112
16QAM 4 138 20 12 4008
16QAM 4 138 20 14 5160
16QAM 4 138 20 16 6200
64QAM 6 138 20 20 7992
64QAM 6 138 20 23 9912
64QAM 6 138 20 25 11448
64QAM 6 138 20 27 12576
64QAM 6 138 20 28 14688
64QAM 6 138 20 28 14688
RE s/ P R B
150
138
126
Cod e Ra t e
0.101449
0.101449
0.162319
0.318841
0.44221
0.568116
0.365217
0.469565
0.563768
0.484058
0.6
0.692754
0.76087
0.888406
0.888406
CPICH power typically takes about 8~10% of the total NodeB power. For a 20W (43dBm) NodeB,
In urban are a s where in-building co ve rage is taken care of b y in-building installations, the CPICH m
1) The coverage area is small since users are close to the site, and
2) More power can be allocated to traffic channels
For t r a f i c b a l a n c i n g u s i n g H O D C S - D C S / G S M - G S M : m e a n s s a m e layer, you c a n u s i n g P BGT HO p a r a m e t e r D C S - G S M

your reference)or you m a y set C R O for D C S bi gg er than G S M to attract more t r a f i c to D C S a n d reduce ping -pong HO,or y
attachment . _____________ T h e s a m e layer of Cell, you c a n optimize with P BGT HO Threshold, C R O or load handover s u p p
Inter-Layer HO Threshold:30
Inter-Layer HO Hyst eres is : 31
E D G E D L HO Threshold:25
When G 1 8 s tand for S e r v i n g C e l l - R x Le v of G S M 1 8 0 0 lower t h a n- 8 3 d B m will HO to G S M 9 0 0 trigger b y E D G E H O = - 8 5 d B m 2
HO . D e p e n d i n g on your settings, retuning s o m e parameters a m o n g the below listed m a y h e l p you a c h i e v e the desired Tr
Inter-layer HO Thres holdR E X L EV _ACCESS _M I NTch Tr a f i c b u s y Threshold(%) AMR TC H / H Prior Ce ll Load Thre s ho ldEdg e HO
R X _ L E V Upper ThresholdAMR UL R X _ L E V Lower ThresholdDL R X _ L E V Upper Threshol dDL R X _ L E V Lower ThresholdUL R X _ L
CRO
Load H O Allowed
Load HO Threshold
R E X L E V _ A C C E SS _ M I N
Tc h Tr a f i c b u s y T h r e s h o l d ( % )
AMR TC H/H Prior Cell L o a d T hr e s hold
E dge HO UL RX_LEV Threshold
E dge HO DL RX_LEV Threshold
AMR D L R X _ L E V Uppe r Thr e sho l d
AMR D L R X _ L E V L ow e r Thr e s hold
AMR U L R X _L E V Uppe r Thr e s hold
AMR U L R X _L E V L ow e r Thr e s hold
DL RX_LEV Upper Threshold
DL RX_LEV Lower Threshold
UL RX_LEV Upper Threshold
UL RX_LEV Lower Threshold
UL Expected Level at HO Access
Handover and Related Parameters
4.8.1 PBGT Handover Threshold (HoMargin)
I. Definition
The PBGT handover threshold is power handover tolerance (handover in serving areas).
handover occurs. Complex radio propagation conditions cause fluctuation of signal level
handover threshold is similar to HO_MARGIN (GSM 05.08).
II. Format
The PBGT handover threshold ranges from 0 to 127, corresponding to –64 dB to +63 dB. T
72.
III. Configuration and Influence
The PBGT handover threshold aims to adjust handover difficulty properly, and to avoid p
less efficient. When it is smaller than 64, the MS hands over from the serving cell to the
4.8.2 Minimum Downlink Power of Handover Candidate Cells (rxLevMinCell)
I. Definition
It is the minimum allowed access level for a cell to be a neighbor cell. When the cell lev
list for handover judgment.
II. Format
It ranges from –110 dBm to –47 dBm.
It is helpful in the following two aspects:
l It guarantees communication quality.
For a common single layer network structure, the value ranges from –90 dBm
l It helps allocate traffic between cells averagely.
Especially in multi-layer network structure, to maintain MS in a network lay
decrease that in other cells.
IV. Precautions
You cannot configure rxLevMinCell over great (over –65 dBm) or over small (lower than –
4.8.3 Handover Threshold at Uplink Edge
I. Definition
If the uplink received level keeps being smaller than the handover threshold at uplink e
II. Format
It ranges from 0 to 63, corresponding to –110 dBm to –47 dBm. The recommended values
l Configure it to 25 in urban areas without PBGT handover.
l Configure it to 20 in single site of suburban areas.
l Configure it to 20 in urban areas with PBGT handover
When PBGT handover is enabled, the corresponding edge handover threshold can be low
artificial cross-cell non-handover occurs. Therefore call drop occurs or intra-frequency a
4.8.4 Handover Threshold at Downlink Edge
I. Definition
If the downlink received level keeps being smaller than the handover threshold at down
II. Format
It ranges from 0 to 63, corresponding to –110 dBm to –47 dBm. The recommended values
l Configure it to 30 in urban areas without PBGT handover.
l Configure it to 25 in single site of suburban areas.
l Configure it to 25 in urban areas with PBGT handover
When PBGT handover is enabled, the corresponding edge handover threshold can be low
artificial cross-cell non-handover occurs. Therefore call drop occurs or intra-frequency a
4.8.5 Downlink Quality Restriction of Emergency Handover
I. Definition
If the downlink received quality is lower than the threshold of downlink quality restricti
II. Format
It ranges from 0 to 70, corresponding to RQ (QoS 0 to 7) x 10.
The recommended value is 50.
When frequency hopping is enabled, the voice quality is better with the same RQ, you c
occurs first. If there are no other candidate cells, and the intracell handover is enabled
4.8.6 Uplink Quality Restriction of Emergency Handover
I. Definition
If the uplink received quality is lower than it, quality difference emergency handover is
II. Format
occurs first. If there are no other candidate cells, and the intracell handover is enabled
4.8.7 Uplink Quality Threshold of Interference Handover
I. Definition
It is the uplink received quality threshold of the serving cell that triggers interference h
l The uplink received level is higher than the uplink received power thr
l The uplink received quality is lower than the uplink quality threshold
When handover switch is enabled, the interference handover occurs within the cell by p
II. Format
according to the sorted result. If the serving cell ranks first and its intracell handover is
4.8.8 Downlink Quality Threshold of Interference Handover
I. Definition
It is the downlink received quality threshold of the serving cell that triggers interferenc
l The downlink received level is higher than the downlink received pow
l The downlink received quality is lower than the downlink quality thre
II. Format
according to the sorted result. If the serving cell ranks first and its intracell handover is
IV. Precautions
The interference handover quality must be better than emergency handover quality.
4.8.9 Uplink Received Power Threshold of Interference Handover
I. Definition
If interference handover occurs due to uplink quality, the serving cell must reach the mi
interfered, so interference handover is triggered.
The interference handover is triggered if all the following conditions are met:
l The uplink received level is higher than the uplink received power thr
l The uplink received quality is lower than the uplink quality threshold
II. Format
It ranges from 0 to 63, corresponding to –110 dBm to –47 dBm.
III. Configurationa and Influence
When interference handover is triggered, select the candidates according to the sorted
the serving cell; otherwise it selects the second candidate cell.
4.8.10 Downlink Received Power Threshold of Interference Handover
I. Definition
If interference handover occurs due to uplink quality, the serving cell must reach the mi
is interfered, so interference handover is triggered.
The interference handover is triggered if all the following conditions are met:
l The downlink received level is higher than the downlink received pow
l The downlink received quality is lower than the downlink quality thre
II. Format
It ranges from 0 to 63, corresponding to –110 dBm to –47 dBm.
When interference handover is triggered, select the candidates according to the sorted
the serving cell; otherwise it selects the second candidate cell.
4.8.11 Maximum Repeated Times of Physical Messages (NY1)
I. Definition
In asynchronous handover process of GSM system, when the MS receives handover messa
network receives the message, it does as follows:
1) Calculate related RF features.
2) Send physical messages (it the channel messages are encrypted, start
3) Start timer T3105.
If the network does not receive correct layer 2 frames sent by MS until expiration of T31
for resending physical messages is determined by the parameter maximum repeated tim
II. Format
NY1 ranges from 0 to 254.
When the network receives the handover access messages sent by MS, the physical chan
guaranteed, the MS can receive physical messages correctly and send layer 2 frames to t
If the physical messages are sent multiple times, and the network cannot receive layer 2
after multiple trials, the communication quality is not guaranteed. This lowers the utiliz
IV. Precautions
Configuring NY1 is affected by T3105. If T3105 is configured to a short value, then the
N
If a handover trial fails before the original cell receives the HANDOVER FAILURE message
FAILURE INDICATION message to the target BSC. Though the MS might return to the origin
connection failure.
To avoid the previous phenomenon, configure T3105 as follows:
Ny * T3105 > T3124 + delta (delta: the time between expiration of T3124 and receiving H
4.8.12 Multiband Indicator (multiband_reporting)
I. Definition
In a single band GSM network, when the MS send measurement reports of neighbor cells
signals.
In a multiband network, operators wish that MS uses a band by preference in cross-cell h
signal band. The parameter multiband indicator indicates MS to report content of multib
II. Format
The multiband indicator ranges from 0 to 3, with meanings as follows:
l 0: According to signal strength of neighbor cells, the MS must report s
with the neighbor cells in whatever band.
l 1: The MS must report the allowed measurement report of a neighbor

the serving cell. The MS must also report the neighbor cells of the band use
conditions of other neighbor cells in any band.
l 2: The MS must report the allowed measurement report of two neighb

by the serving cell. The MS must also report the neighbor cells of the band u
report conditions of other neighbor cells in any band.
l 3: The MS must report the allowed measurement report of three neigh

by the serving cell. The MS must also report the neighbor cells of the band u
report conditions of other neighbor cells in any band.
In multiband networks, it is related to traffic of each band. For configuration, refer to
t
l If the traffic of each band is approximately equal, and operators do

no
l If the traffic of each band is obviously different, and operators want
M
l For situations between the previous two, configure multiband indicato
4.8.13 Permitted Network Color Code (ncc permitted)
I. Definition
During a talk, the MS must report the measured signals of neighbor cells to the base stat
report the potential handover target neighbor cells, instead of reporting unselectively a
To enable previous functions, restrict MS to measure the cells with the fixed network co
by MS. The MS compares the measured NCC of neighbor cells and NCCs set allowed by pa
otherwise, the MS discard the measurement report.
II. Format
The parameter ncc permitted is a bit mapping value, consisting of 8 bits. The most signi
code 0 to 7 (see GSM regulations 03.03 and 04.08).
If the bit N is 0 (N ranges from 0 to 7), the MS needs not to measure the level of the cel
corresponding to bit number of 1 in NCC and ncc permitted configuration.
Each area is allocated with one or more NCCs. In the parameter ncc permitted of the ce
drop occur. For normal roaming between areas, the NCC of neighbor areas must be inclu
IV. Precautions
Improper configuration of the parameter causes normal handover and even call drop.
Th
Serial Parameters of Cell Selection and Reselection
4.3.1 cell_bar_access
I. Definition
In the SI broadcasted in each cell, a bit indicates whether the MS is allowed to access th
II. Format
The value of cell_bar_access includes 1 and 0. The value 0 indicates that MS is allowed
from the cell. Actually whether to allow MS to access the network from the cell is deter
The cell_bar_access is configured by equipment room operators. Usually the MS is allow
the operators want some cell for handover service only, so cell_bar_access is configured
The MS usually works in microcells (you can configure the priority of cells and reselectio
over to the base station G. The signals of base station G are stronger than microcell bas
of microcell cells, the MS will not reselect a cell according to GSM regulations, therefor
The capacity of base station G is usually small, so the previous phenomenon leads to co
forbid MS directly accessing base station G. In area A, handover is allowed to base stati
IV. Precautions
The cell_bar_access is used only in some special areas. For common cells, it is configure
4.3.2 cell_bar_qualify
I. Definition
The cell_bar_qualify determines the priority of cells, namely, it enables MS to select som
II. Format
The value of cell_bar_qualify includes 1 and 0. The cell_bar_qualify and
cell_bar_access
Table 7-1 Cell priorities
cell_bar_qualify
An exception is that the cell selection priority and cell reselection state are normal whe
l The cell belongs to the PLMN which the MS belongs to.
l The MS is in cell test operation mode.
l The cell_bar_access is 1.
l The cell_bar_qualify is 0.
l The access control class 15 is disabled.
The priority of all the cells are usually configured to normal, namely, cell_bar_qualify =
by preference. In this situation, the equipment room operators can configure the priorit
During cell selection, when the proper cells with normal as the priority is not present (p
cell is allowed to access), the MS will select cells with low priority.
IV. Precautions
Pay attention to the following aspects:
l When cell priority is used as a method to optimize network, the cell_b
network by combining cell_bar_qualify and C2.
l During cell selection, when the proper cells with normal as the priorit
normal priority is low, and cells with low priority and high level are present
4.3.3 Minimum Received Level Allowing MS to Access (RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN)
I. Definition
To avoid bad communication quality, call drop, and a waste of network radio resources d
MS accesses the network the received level must be greater than the threshold level, na
II. Format
The value range of RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN is from –110 dBm to –47 dBm.
The recommended RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN needs to be approximately equal to the receiving
traffic adjustment and network optimization.
For cells with over high traffic and severe congestion, you can increase RXLEV_ACCESS_M
must not configure RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN over great, because this might cause non-seamle
smaller than or equal to –90 dBm.
IV. Precautions
Except for areas of high density of base stations and of qualified coverage, adjusting ce
4.3.4 Additional Reselection Parameter Indicator
I. Definition
The cell selection and reselection by MS depends on the parameters C1 and C2. Whethe
parameter indicator (ADDITIONAL RESELECT) informs MS of whether to use C2 in cell res
II. Format
ADDITIONAL RESELECT consists of 1 bit. In SI3, it is meaningless, and equipment

manufac
l When ADDITIONAL RESELECT is configured to N, the meaning is: if the
C2 and related cell reselection parameter PI.
l When ADDITIONAL RESELECT is configured to Y, the meaning is that the

Cells seldom use SI7 and SI8, so you can configure ADDITIONAL RESELECT to N. When cel
RESELECT to Y.
4.3.5 Cell Reselection Parameter Indicator
I. Definition
The cell reselection parameter indicator (CELL_RESELECT_PARAM_IND) is used in inform

II. Format
The value of CELL_RESELECT_PARAM_IND includes Y and N, with the meanings as follows
l Y: The MS must calculate C2 by abstracting parameters from SIs of cel
l N: The MS must set C1 as the standard, namely, C2 = C1.
The equipment room operators determine the value of PI. Configure PI to Y if related ce
4.3.6 Cell Reselection Offset, Temporary Offset, and Penalty Time
I. Definition
After the MS selects a cell, without great change of all the conditions, the MS will camp
l Starts measuring signals level of BCCH carrier in neighbor cells.
l Records the 6 neighbor cells with greatest signal level.
l Abstract various SI and control information of each neighbor cell from
When conditions are met, the MS hands over from the selected cell to another. This proc
l Cell priority
l Whether the cell is barred to access
l Radio channel level (important)
When the signal level of neighbor cells exceeds that of the serving cell, cell reselection
1) When PENELTY_TIME ≠ 11111:
C2 = C1 + CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET - TEMPORARY_OFFSET * H (PENALTY_TIME
Wherein, if PENALTY_TIME - T (x) < 0, the function H(x) = 0; if x ≥ 0, H(x) = 1
2) When PENELTY_TIME = 11111:
C2 = C1 - CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET
T is a timer, with 0 as the initial value. When a cell is listed by MS in the list of cells wit
list, the associated T is reset.
After cell reselection, the T of original cell works as PENALTY_TIME. Namely, temporary
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET (CRO) modifies cell reselecting time C2.
TEMPORARY_OFFSET (TO) is supplemented to C2 from starting working of T to the prescr
PENALTY_TIME is the time for TEMPORARY_OFFSET having effect on C2. When PENALTY_
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET, TEMPORARY_OFFSET, and PENALTY_TIME are cell reselection pa
l When the cell reselection parameter PI is 1, the MS is informed of rec
l If PI is 0, the MS judges that the previous three parameters are 0, nam
If the C2 of a cell (in the same location area as the serving cell) calculated by MS is grea
cell.
If the C2 of a cell (in different location area as the serving cell) calculated by MS is grea
5s, the MS reselects to camp on the cell.
The interval between two reselections is at least 15s, and this avoids frequent cell
resel
C2 is formed on the combination of C1 and artificial offset parameters. The artificial off
the network.
II. Format
1) The cell reselection offset (CRO) is in decimal, with unit of dB. It

rang
2) The temporary offset (TO) is in decimal, with unit of dB. It ranges

from
3) The penalty time (PT) is in decimal, with unit of second. It ranges from
the effect direction of C2 by CRO. The recommended value is 0.
The previous parameters can be adjusted accordingly in the following three situations:
1) When the communication quality is bad due to heavy traffic or other

For this situation, configure PT to 31, so TO is ineffective. C2 = C1 – CRO. T
equipment room operators can configure CRO to a proper value according to
2) For cells with low traffic and equipment of low utilization, change the
dB according to the priority. The higher the priority is, the greater the CRO
reselection, the recommended value of PT is 20s or 40s.
3) For cell with average traffic, configure CRO to 0, PT to 11111 so that C
IV. Precautions
In whatever situations, the CRO must not be greater than 30 dB, because over great CRO
4.3.7 Cell Reselection Hysteresis (CRH)
I. Definition
CRH affects cell reselection of cross location area. The MS starts cell reselection if the f
l The signal level of neighbor cell (in different location area) is greater
l The difference between the signal levels of the neighbor cell and the
The difference is based on the cell reselection methods used by MS. If the MS reselects a
II. Format
CRH is in decimal, with unit of dB. The range is 0 to 14, with step of 2 dB. The recomme
If the original cell and target cell belongs to different location areas, the MS must origin
channels, the C2 of two cells measured at the bordering area of neighbor cells fluctuate
rather short for location updating. The signal flow of network increases sharply, radio re
During location updating, the MS cannot respond to paging, so the connection rate decre
updating of cross location area is frequent, the cell reselection hysteresis is increased a
IV. Precautions
Do not configure CRH to 0 dB
cell_bar_access Cell selection priority Cell reselection state
0 Normal Normal
1 Barred Barred
0 Low Normal
1 Low Normal
Frequency Hopping Parameters
4.5.1 Frequency Hopping Sequence Number
I. Definition
In a GSM network, the cell allocation (CA) means the set of carriers used by each cell, r
communication process, the set of carriers used by base station and MS is mobile allocat
Obviously MA is a subset of CA.
During a communication process, the air interface uses a carrier number, one element o
frequency hopping algorithm in GSM regulation 05.02, the MAI is the TDMA frame numbe
allocation index offset (MAIO).
Wherein, the HSN determines two aspects:
l Track of frequency points during frequency hopping
l The asynchronous neighbor cells using the same MA can avoid
II. Format continuo
HSN is in decimal, ranging from 0 to 63, wherein:

l 0: cyclic frequency hopping
l 1–63: pseudo frequency hopping
You can choose any HSN in cells using frequency hopping, but you must ensure that the
c
In an 1X1 network, three cells under a base station use the same frequency group, but t
plan MAIO properly to avoid frequency collision of the three cells under the same base s
4.5.2 Mobile Allocation
I. Definition
The mobile allocation (MA) in the GSM network indicates a frequency set for frequency h
performs transient in the set by MA according to rules.
The parameter MA determines all the elements in MA.
II. Format
MA is a set, with all GSM frequency points as its element, namely:
l For GSM900 networks: 1–124 and 975–1023.
l For GSM1800 networks: 512–885
MA is configured according to network designing requirements.
IV. Precautions
Chinese GSM networks do not cover all available frequency bands of GSM system, so con
The number of elements in each MA set cannot exceed 63.
The MA cannot include BCCH carriers.
The number of MA must not be multiples of 13 if all the following conditions are met:
l Using DTX
l HSN = 0 (cyclic frequency hopping)
You must avoid SACCH to appear usually at the same frequency point.
4.5.3 Mobile Allocation Index Offset
I. Definition
During communication, the air interface uses a carrier frequency, one element of MA se
regulation 05.02, the MAI is the TDMA frame number (RN) or reduced frame number (RFN
initial offset of MAI, and it aims to avoid multiple channels to use the same frequency c
II. Format
MAIO ranges from 0 to 63.
MAIO is configured by equipment room operators.
IV. Precautions
The different cells using same group of MA must use consistent MAIO.
Using different MAIOs enables different sectors in the same location to use the same
fre
Th i s section introduces the me th od s to h an d l e S D C C H congestion a n d TC H c on g

For this c a s e , the real c h a n n e l s cannot b e allocated to the MS, so the MS will fa
I. C o n g e s t i o n P r o b l e m S o l u t i o n s
l Congestion c a u s e d b y h e a v y t r a f i c
You c a n c h e c k if the S D C C H t r a f i c a n d TC H t r a f i c are normal throug

the cap a ci ty of the network. In addition, you c a n adopt t r a f i c sharin
l S D C C H congestion c a u s e d b y burst t r a f i c
If the S D C C H congestion rate is h i g h a n d the t r a f i c is h e a v y but the
railways a n d tunnel exits, b e c a u s e the B T S s are installed in remote p
of MS s failing to capture a network will perform location up da te, whi
also occur easi ly. S D C C H congestion cannot b e compl etely avoid ed ,
conversion between S D C C H a n d TC H.
l Congestion c a u s e d b y T R X p roblems
When a carrier configured in a multi-TRX cell cannot provide se r v i ce s

problem cannot b e positioned, you should c h e c k if the an t en n a feed
l Congestion c a u s e d b y interference
T h e interference present across the radio interfaces will also c a u s e c
l C h a n n e l a s s i g n m e n t failure c a u s e d b y inconsistent c ov e ra g e
If the concentric technology is not u s e d , the transmit power of the T
will e a s i l y occur. To position this problem, you c a n c h e c k if the con n e
When a cell u s e s multiple transmitter an te n n as , inconsistent cove ra
transmitter an te n n a a s consistent a s possible through en g in e e r in g a
In addition, if the transmitter an t en n a a n d the receive r an te n n a of a
c a s e , you c a n calibrate the an t e n n a s to sol ve the problem.
l Congestion c a u s e d improper d ata configuration
If the congestion is c a u s e d b y improper location area p lan n in g, you c
If the congestion is c a u s e d b y the problems con cernin g S D C C H d y n a
For d ua l-b an d network, you c a n properly set the p arameters ( s u c h a
If the timers, s u c h a s T 3 1 0 1 , T 3 1 0 3 , T 3 1 0 7 , T 3 1 2 2 , T 3 2 1 2 , a n d T 3 1 1
He reunder are the solutions to the previous problems.
You c a n e a s e the congestion c a u s e d b y S D C C H d u al allocation throu
time. To fully u s e the radio resources, therefore, you c a n red u ce the
You c a n s a v e the TC H resources through red u cin g the T 3 1 0 3 a n d
T31
T h e T 3 1 2 2 mu s t b e stopped once the MS rec ei ve s a n IMMEDIATE AS
request m e s s a g e s frequently, the RAC H load a n d C C C H load will incr
T 3 2 1 2 s tan d s for the time limit v a l u e for periodical location up da te.
T 3 1 1 1 is related to re le ase laten cy. It is u s e d for the deactivation of
v a l u e of T 3 1 1 1 mu s t b e consistent with that of the T 3 1 1 0 at the MS
II. C o n g e s t i o n C a s e s
C a s e 1: S D C C H congestion c au se d b y w ro ng L A C configuration
[Description]
A B T S is configured a s S1/1/1. It is found that the S D C C H congestion rate for 2 c
[Problem analys is an d solution]
1) Through c h e c k i n g the m e a s u re m e n t i n d exe s for TC H a n d S D
However, the req u ests for S D C C H seizu re are great, reac h in g 3 0 3 2 t
2) T h e m a i n reason s for S D C C H seizu re in clu d e the m e s s a g e s s
messages.
3) T h e TC H t r a f i c is normal, the req u ests for TC H seizu re (inclu
m a y b e c a u s e d b y a large n u mb e r of location up da te m e s s a g e s or s h
4) T h e L AC of the B T S is 0 5 0 0 , a n d the L A C s of other cell s of th
b u s y hours were 2 9 8 , the S D C C H t r a f i c was 0. 27E rl, a n d the c o n g e s
C a s e 2: S D C C H c o n ge stio n c a u s e d b y b ur st location u p d at e s
[Problem description]
T h e radio con n ected ratio of a local network is lower than a v e r a g e level. Accord
1) Th rough a n a l y z i n g t r a f i c statistics, en gi n e e r s found that the
cell was configured with 8 S D C C H s . Therefore, the S D C C H s c a n b e s e
2) As far a s the registered t r a f i c statistics item s were concerne
most of the B T S s were installed at the intersections of two railways.
3) To verify if it wa s the burst location u pda te that c a u s e d the c
the five s ec on d s. Th rough q u e ryin g the train time table, e n gin e e r s fo
location u p d ate s were g en e rat ed in a short time. In this c a s e , the co
Therefore, if the B T S s are installed at the railway intersections, you are s u g g e s t
C a s e 3 : G r e a t T C H c o n g e s t i o n r a t e c a u s e d b y t h e i n c o n s i s t e n t tilt a n g l
It is found that the TC H congestion rate of a cell is great (greater than 5 % ) acco
1) Th rough c h e c k i n g B S C t r a f i c statistics, en g in e e r s found
that
2) Gen erally , TC H seizu re failure is c a u s e d b y TC H a s s i g n m e n t f
No.5 T R X , a n d the probability for the a s s i g n m e n t failure rate for the
3) Th rough c h e c k i n g the a n te n n a feeder part, e n gi n ee r s found
an t en n a for B C C H , b e c a u s e the an te n n a nuts were found loosen. T h e
to the MS when the MS starts a call, the TC H seizu re failure will occu
4) To solve the problem, you c a n e n ab l e the tilt a n g e l of the TC
2 % or lower.
Cas e 4: High T C H congestion rate cau sed by downlink interference
A cell of B T S is responsible for cove ring a large area of s e a su rface alon g the co
congestion of the cell re ach e d 1 0 % at s o m e time. However, no a larm w as g e n e
B e c a u s e all the interference b a n d s fell within the interference b a n d 1 , the uplin k
present alon g the coast, the probability for the c h a n n e l n u mb e r s of the downlin
congestion rate was improved. Th rough further optimizing the c h an n e l n u mb e r s
c a u s e d b y the downlink interference of so m e a rea s.
H
a
T h e MS is always mo v i n g during conversation. To en su re c h a n n e l quality, the M
to the B S C through the se r vic e cell. T h e B S C will perform radio link control acc
rep lace the old cell to en su re the continuity of the se r vic e. T h e handove r e n a b l
I. H a n d o v e r P r o b l e m P o s i t i o n i n g S t e p s
1) Fin d out if the problem occurs at a n individual cell or all cell s
co -BS C cells, or if th ey are co-MSC cells.
If the hando ver between two cell s fails, you should focus on c h e c k i n
If the problem is found in all the neighbor cell s of a cell, you should f
If the problem is found in all the cells unde r the s a m e B S C , you sh ou
If the problem is found in all the cells unde r the s a m e MS C, the coop
timer setting is irrational.
2) C h e c k if the d ata h a s b e e n modified before handover proble
If the problem is found in a n individual cell, you should focus on c h e c
If the problem is found in all the cells unde r the s a m e B S C , you sh ou
If the problem is found in the cells under the s a m e MS C, you should
3) C h e c k if it is the hardware failure that c a u s e s the hando ver p
4) Registe r the related t r a f i c statistics ite ms, s u c h a s the h a n d
l C h e c k if the TC H seizu re of the problem cell
l C h e c k if the outgoing han dove r s u c c e s s rate
l Fin d out the c a u s e s for the handove r failure.
l C h e c k if the radio hando ver s u c c e s s rate is n
5) Perform drive test for the problem cell a n d a n a l y z e the d rive
l C h e c k if the u plin k a n d downlink of the prob
l C h e c k if the m e a s u re m e n t report for the pro
l C h e c k if a call c a n h a n d over from a problem
l An alyze if the s i g n al i n g procedure for the h a
II. H a n d o v e r P r o b l e m A n a l y s i s M e t h o d s
i) Han d over cannot b e initiated
If the MS is in a cell where the si g n a l is poor, it cannot h a n d over to another c el
He reunder details the possible reason s:
l T h e handove r threshold is set to a low v a l u e
For e d g e handove r, the hando ve r triggering condition is that the R x

the neighbor cells will b e far high er than that of the se r v ice cell. In
resulted. T h e setting of the handover threshold d e p e n d s on the c o ve
l Neighbor cell relationship is not set
Th ou gh the si gn al l ev el in the neighbor cells of the s e r vic e cell is h i g
to a neighbor cell. Th rough performing cell reselection or d ialin g tes
found in the neighbor ce ll list, you should c h e c k if the correct n e i g h b
if the strong B C C H n u mb e r s are in the se r v ice cell or in the neighbor
l Hand over h y steresis is irrationally set
If the difference betw een the si g n a l lev el of the hando ve r can d id at e
to a too great val u e , the hando ve r is hard to b e initiated.
l T h e best m e a s u re m e n t time "N" a n d "P" are irrationally set
Du rin g normal hand over, the MS u s e s N-P rules to list the hando ver
best cell.
When there are two c el l s b e c o m e the best cell alternately, the MS m
v a l u e s of N a n d P a n d red u ce the m e a s u re m e n t time to m a k e the h a
If the landform a n d the ground objects of the service cell are quite c
me e t N-P rule, which will m a k e the handove r d i f i c u l t.
ii) Ha n d o ve r pro b le m c a u s e d b y h ar d w ar e failure
If the d a ta configuration for the problem cell a n d the neighbor cells h
c a u s e d b y B T S hardware eq u ip m en t.
If the c ells sh a r in g the s a m e b a s e station with the cell h a v e similar
p
If the problem is found in only one ce ll under the b a s e station, you s
test the p roblems of this kind , you c a n d isab le so m e of the carriers.
carrier or if the C D U a n d an te n n a feeder part related to this carrier f
handove r s u c c e s s rate will d e c re a s e .
To c h e c k if the si g n a l i n g flow of the cell is normal a n d if the uplin k R
m e a n s that the hardware eq u ip m en t of the fails or serious interfere
iii) Ha n d o v e r pro b le m c a u s e d b y irrational d a t a
configurat
l For stand-alone networking mod e, if the outgoing M S C or in c
should also c h e c k if the d ata configuration for the opposite M S C a n d
l For co-MSC networking mod e, if the hando ve r is performed w
cooperation between the B S C s is normal, a n d then c h e c k if the d ata
l If the abn ormal handover is found at a cell only, you n e e d to
If the in c om in g handove r of a cell is abnormal, you n e e d first c h e c k
low, or e v e n the handove r does not occur.
If all the in c om in g h andove rs to this cell is abnormal, you should c h e
a n d the d ata configured for other cells but is related to this cell. For
If there is only one in co min g handove r to a cell is abno rmal but othe
should also c h e c k if the d ata configuration for the neighbor cell s is c
T h e meth od s to a n a l y z e the abn ormal outgoing h and o ver s are s imila
l C h e c k the timers ( s u c h a s T 3 1 0 5 , Ny1, T 3 1 0 3 , a n d T 3 1 4 2 ) re
T 3 1 0 5 in d ica tes the interval for continuous PHYSICAL INFORMATION to b e sent
correct frame from the MS, the network will re s en d the PHYSICAL INFORMATION
a n d T 3 1 0 5 mu s t b e greater than the s u m of T 3 1 2 4 a n d delta ("delta" ind ica tes
MS cannot perform su c c e s sf u l handove r.
T 3 1 2 4 is a timer waiting for the PHYSIC AL INFORMATION from the network sid e
start T 3 1 2 4 . Upon rec ei vin g a p i e ce of PHYSICA L INFORMATION, the MS will stop
6 7 5 m s . For other c a s e s , the T 3 1 2 4 is set to 3 2 0 m s .
II I. H a n d o v e r C a s e s
C a s e 1: No hand over candidate cell is available d ue to CGI error
T h e handove r in a n area is abnormal. When the MS m o v e s from cell A to cell B ,
cell C , the MS h a n d s over from cell A to cell C .
[Cause analysis]
If a cell c a n work a s a se r vic e cell a n d c a n h a n d over to other cells, but the inco
[Problem solution]
1) Use the test MS to lock the B C C H n u m b e r s of cell B . T h e call
2) Make a call after locking the B C C H u mb e r of a n y neighbor c e
is s e e n in the drive test software.
3) T h e handove r procedure requires the MS detectin g the n e i g h
report, the B S C mu s t m a k e the handove r decision. If the hando ve r c
4) If the s i g n a l s of cell B are far stronger than that of cell A a n d
errors occur du ring the activation of the target cell TC H .
5) If the cell B works a s the target cell but the TC H cannot b e a
cell, so the TC H cannot b e activa ted a n d no handover c o m m a n d c a n
6) T h e CG I error is found in cell B through d ata c h e c k i n g . T h e h
C as e 2: Unbalanced path c au s e s low hand over su c c e ss rate
T h e in comin g B S C handover s u c c e s s rate is quite low for the two cells under a B
[Cause analysis]
Gen erally , if the d a ta problems, s u c h a s CG I error or intra-frequency interferenc
si g n a l s , the in c om in g B S C handove r s u c c e s s rate is low.
[Solution]
1) T h e cell d ata is found normal.
2) Th rough c h e c k i n g t r a f i c statistics items, e n g in e e r s found
tha
3) Th rough drive test, e n gi n e e r s found that frequent handove r
m a d e , call drop occurred immed ia te l y. Du r in g the handove r, e n g i n e e
originating cal ls failed. For the an swe rin g calls, th ey c a n b e con n ecte
4) It is estima ted that the C D U u p link c h an n e l loss is great, or t

5) After c h a n g i n g the CD U, e n gin e e r s found that the in c omin g h
C a s e 3: Improper ante nna planning c au s e s low handover su c c e s s rate
[Problem analysis]
T h e handove r s u c c e s s rate a m o n g the three c el ls under a B T S is quite low acc o
than 3 0 % .
[Cause analysis]
Gen erally , low handover s u c c e s s rate is c a u s e d b y board failure, hando ve r d ata
[Solution]
1) T h e B T S hardware is normal a n d no alarm con ce rnin g hando
2) T h e B T S locates at the e astern s id e of a south-north road a n
directions a n d the open resident a re a s ly i n g under a hill in the ea st r
en g in e e r s concentrated the an t en n a azimu th a n g l e s of the three ce l
the c o v e ra ge is provided b y the si d e lobes a n d b a c k lobes of the thr
the three ce lls are poor a n d fluctuating greatly. In addition, s i n c e the
why the frequent hando ve r failure occurs.
3) After se tting the azi mu t h a n g l e s of the three cel ls to 6 0 ° , 1 8
C a s e 4: Pr o b le m s c o n c e rn in g the cooperation of different carriers' e q u
Th ere is a d ual-b an d network in which the G S M 9 0 0 MHz network a n d the G S M 1
en g in e e r s found that the d ual-b an d hando ve r s u c c e s s rate was low; e s p eci a l l y
8 0 % . However, the s u c c e s s rate of the hando ve r from the G S M 9 0 0 MHz networ
[Cause analysis]
For a du al-b an d network, if the p roblems con cernin g the cooperation of differen
supports Ph as e 2 + a n d E F R.
[Solution]
1) Th rough u s i n g sign al in g an alyz e r to a n a l y z e the m e s s a g e flo
Hand over Reject m e s s a g e to the B S C of the G S M 1 8 0 0 MHz network
2) T h e M S C of the G S M 1 8 0 0 MHz network sen t a Prepare Han d o
sent b a c k a n Abort m e s s a g e .
3) B e c a u s e the s u c c e s s rate of the handove r from G S M 9 0 0 MHz
m e s s a g e (from the G S M 9 0 0 M S C to G S M 1 8 0 0 M S C ) is half rate ve r si
version 1, full rate version 2 , a n d half rate version 1, which b elon g to
4) Th rough modifying the M S C d ata of the circuit M S C d ata at th
Hand over m e s s a g e (from G S M 1 8 0 0 M S C to G S M 9 0 0 M S C ) are full ra
Call Drop Prob lems
For the G S M network, call drop is users' major worry a n d the call drop rate is a n
I. C a l l D r o p R e s a s o n s a n d S o l u t i o n s
i) Call drop d ue to c o v er a g e r e as o ns
[Reason analysis]
l Discontinuous co ve r ag e ( d e a d zon e)
For a sin gl e B T S , the quality of the s i g n a l s at the e d g e of the station
another cell. In this c a s e , the call drop occurs.
If the landform of the c o v e r ag e a re a s is co m p l ex or fluctuates greatl
the s i g n a l s will b e barred. In this c a s e , the c o v e r ag e is discon tinuous
l Poor indoor co v e r a ge
If the b u ild in gs in a n are a are d e n s e l y populated, the si g n a l attenuat
thick, the penetration loss is great a n d the indoor s ign al le v el is low.
l Isolated islan d effect
As shown in Figu re 8-13, the se r v ic e cell forms a n isolated islan d d u e
great). In this c a s e , the MS still s e i z e s the s i g n a l s of the s e r vic e cell
defin e the neighbor cell C . At this time, if the MS still performs the h
b y neighbor cell A, it cannot find a suitable cell. In this c a s e , the call
l S m a l l c o v e r ag e
If the c o v e r a ge is too s ma ll, the hardware eq u ip me n t of a cell m a y fa
failure occu rs (the power amplifier part).
[Judgment methods]
First you should find out the a re as where the c o v e r ag e is in ad eq u a te accordin g
the drive test in a larger scop e to c h e c k if the s i gn al l ev el a n d the handover are
c a n emp loy the t r a f i c statistics recorded at the OMC to c h e c k the B S C overall c
drop rate. Furthermore, you c a n still m a ke the a n a l y s i s a n d j u d gmen t b y referri
s o m e ones:
l Power control performance m e a s u re m e n t (to c h e c k if the m e
l R x l e v performance m e a s u re m e n t (to c h e c k if the ratio of the
l Cell performance measurement/inter-cell handove r performa
the m e a n R x l e v are too low)
l Call drop performance m e a s u re m e n t (to c h e c k if the s i g n a l le
normal before call drop)
l Def in e d neighbor cell performance m e a s u re m e n t (to
position
l Undefined neighbor cell performance m e a s u re m e n t (to c h e c
lev el exist)
l Power control performance m e a s u re m e n t (to m e a s u re the gr
[Solutions]
1) C h e c k the a rea s where the c o ve r ag e is in ad eq u a te
You c a n find out the a re a where the c o v e r ag e is in ad eq u ate through
in mountain a rea s that cannot form s e a m l e s s co ve ra ge, you c a n a d d
c a n improve the c o v e ra ge through other m e a n s . For ex a m p l e , you c
B T S , c h a n g e the an t en n a azimu th a n g l e , c h a n g e the a n t en n a tilt, c h
should also a n a l y z e if the call drop is c a u s e d b y landforms. Gen e ral ly
marke t, underground railway entran ce, underground p a rki n g lot, a n d
micro cell to solve the co ve r ag e problem.
2) E n su re indoor call quality
To en su re indoor call quality, you should m a ke sure that the outdoor
si gn a l s , you c a n in crea s e the m a x i m u m B T S transmit power, c h a n g e
a n g l e , a n d c h a n g e the a n te n n a height, a n d so on. If the indoor call q
consider a d d in g B T S s . For imp roving the indoor co v e r a ge of o f i c e b u
indoor an t en n a distribution s y s t e m .
3) For the c ell s h a v i n g no neighbor cells, you c a n configu re the
drop rate. To eliminate the isolation islan d effect, you c a n red u ce the
4) E limin a te hardware pro blems
You c a n c h e c k if there are hardware p roblems a n d if the c o ve ra g e a rea is too s m
arise s drama tica lly but all other i n d e xe s a re normal, you should c h e c k if the n e
the downlink problems m a y occur. For ex a m p l e , T R X problem, diversity unit pro
the uplin k fails, the outgoing handove r failure rate of the old cell will b e h igh .)
ii) Call drop d ue to hando ver reas on s
[Reason analysis]
l Irrational paramete r configuration
If the si gn a l l ev el at the cross-area of two cell s is quite low, the le v el
handove r threshold is too low, s o m e M S s will h a n d over to the n e i g h
higher than that of the s e r vic e cell. If the s ig n al lev el of the n eigh b o
handove r, the call drop will occur if no suitable cell is availab l e for th
l Incomplete neighbor cell definition
If the neighbor cell definition is incomplete, the MS will hold the con
the e d g e s of the cell but canno t h a n d over to a stronger cell. In this
l Neighbor c ells with s a m e B C C H a n d s a m e B S I C exist.
l Tr a f i c congestion
If the t r a f i c is u n b al a n ce , no TC H will b e ava ila b l e in the target cell.
l B T S clock lost synchronization
If the B T S lost synchronization, the f req u en cy offset will go b ey on d t
if hando ver fails.
l T 3 1 0 3 exp i ry
T h e T 3 1 0 3 will b e started when the network s e n d s a handove r c o m m a n d . Upon
handove r or the m e s s a g e to re move the c o m m a n d , the T 3 1 0 3 will stop. T 3 1 0 3
to return to the old ch an n e l. If the T 3 1 0 3 is set to a too s m a l l valu e, the MS c a n
c a s e , call drop m a y occur durin g handove r.
[Judgment methods]
You c a n j u d g e if the cell s with low handove r s u c c e s s rate, frequent re-e stablishm
a n a l y z i n g t r a f i c statistics i n d exe s . After the j u dgmen t, you c a n find out what c a
downlink R x l e v c a n c a u s e the handove r; the u p lin k a n d downlink R x q u a l c a n c a
handove r; call direct retry c a n c a u s e handove r; a n d also hando ve r c a n b e initia
To c h e c k if the B T S clock runs normally, you c a n c h e c k if the a n y ala rm is ge n e r
correct the B T S clock to elimin a te clock problem. You c a n c h e c k if there is h a n d
problem cell, you should perform drive near the cell for s ev e ral time s. He reu n d
l Inter-cell handover perf ormance m e a s u re m e n t (frequent h a n
l Inter-cell handover perf ormance m e a s u re m e n t (frequent h a n
l Undefined neighbor cell performance m e a s u re m e n t (the u n d
m e a s u re m e n t report go b ey on d the standa rd)
l Outgoing cell hando ve r performance m e a s u re m e n t (find out
handove r target cell)
l Low in co min g cell hand over s u c c e s s rate; the cell handove r p
con gested .
l TC H performance m e a s u re m e n t (the handove r ti me s are not
handove r h a p p e n s too frequent)
[Solution]
1) C h e c k the p arameters affecting the handover. For ex a m p l e ,
e a c h handove r threshold, e a c h handove r hyste resis, handove r time,
th e han dover can d id a te cell, a n d so on.
2) If the call drop is c a u s e d b y u n b a l a n c e t r a f i c volu m e or if th
ava il ab l e at the target B T S , you c a n solve the problem b y adju sting
project paramet ers, s u c h a s an te n n a tilt a n d ante n n a azi mu th a n g l e
the t r a f i c volu me, you c a n u s e C R O to g u i d e the MS to c a m p on oth
lev el priority to g u i d e the MS to h a n d over to the idle cell. In addition
directly.
3) Calibrate the problem B T S clock to en ab l e the synchronizatio
iii) Call drop d u e to interference r e as o ns
[Reason analysis]
If the MS rece i ve s strong sam e -f req u en cy interference s i g n a l s or strong n eighb o
the bit error rate will deteriorate. In this c a s e , the MS cannot d emod u la te the B
cannot rec ei ve the m e a s u re m e n t report from the MS correctly. As a result, the c
b e c o m e poor, a n d call drop will occur.
[Judgment methods]
T h e interference m a y b e from the network itself or the outside network, or it m
T h e following meth od s c a n b e u s e d to position the interference.
l Fin d out the c all
Perform ellsdrive
mightest
t b e for
interfered
the a re athrough
s that mig c hhetc kbien ginterfe
trafi
acco rdin g to user complaint. You c a n find out if there is a p l a c e wher
through drive test tools. In addition, you c a n u s e a test MS to perform
interfered.
l C h e c k the f req u en cy p lan n i n g to s e e if sam e - f re q u en cy inter
in the a rea where the f req u en cy is improperly p lan n ed .
l Adjust the c h a n n e l n u m b e r s that migh t b e interfered to s e e i
l E xc l u d e the interference c a u s e d b y eq u ip men t.
l If the previous meth od s fail to eliminate the interference, you
freq u en cies to find out the interfered c h a n n e l n umb e r a n d the interf
He reunder lists se ve ra l t r a f i c statistics i n d e xe s u s e d for interference an aly si s :
l Interference b a n d
You c a n c h e c k the uplin k interference through a n a l y z i n g the interfer
ap p e a rs at the interference b a n d s 3-5, the interference is present. If
the t r a f i c volu me grows. Gen erally, if it is outside interference, it is
that the interference b a n d s are reported to the B S C b y the B T S T R X
indication m e s s a g e s . If the current c h a n n e l is b u s y a n d cannot repor
consider the t r a f i c volu me for the m e a s u r i n g the interference b a n d s
l R x l e v performance m e a s u re m e n t
T h e R x l e v performance m e a s u re m e n t provides the ma trix relationsh
lev el is h i g h but the quality is poor, it m e a n s that the interference ( s
interference, a n d outside interference) is present at the c h a n n e l n u m
l Poor quality handover ratio
T h e cell performance m ea su re m e n t, inter-cell h andover pe rformance
performance m e a s u re m e n t records the outgoing handove r attempt
si g n a l quality, it m e a n s that the interference is present.
l R x q u a l performance m e a s u re m e n t
It is related to the m e a n R x l e v a n d R x q u a l during call drop.
l Call drop performance m e a s u re m e n t
It records the m e a n R x l e v a n d R x q u a l during call drop.
l Frequent handover failures a n d frequent re-establishment fai
It m e a n s that the interference m a y b e present in the target cell.
[Solutions]
1) C h e c k the interfered road a n d the distribution of sign al quali
are conce rn ed, you c a n adjust the B T S transmit power a n d an te n n a
p lan n in g to avoid the interference.
2) Use D T X technology, f re q u en cy h opping technology, power
c
T h e s e technologies c a n b e u s e d to red u ce the s y s t e m noise a n d e n h

is d ivid ed into u p link D T X a n d downlink D T X . In this c a s e , the t ran sm
the s y s t e m c a n also b e red u ced . However, you should adjust the D T
neighbor cell relationship. When s i g n a l s rec ei ve d b y the MS are poor
downlink D T X is en ab l e d , the B T S will in c rea s e its transmit power aft
however, the B T S will re d u ce its transmit power. In this c a s e , the int
interference is present near the B T S , the downlink D T X will deteriora
its transmit power, the conversation quality will d e c re a s e or the call
is) low b ut
3 S olth interferenc
ve the eq u i p mensign al is strong.
t problems, s u c h a s the self-excitation of
interference.
4) E xc l u d e the outside interference.
iv) Call drop d ue to antenna feeder reaso n s
[Reason analysis]
l E n gin e e r in g problem m a y b e one of the reason s. For e x a m p l
in ver sely con n ected , the le v el of the u p link si g n a l will b e far poorer
call drop, one-way audio, a n d call d i f i c u l t y will b e found in the are as
l If polarization an t e n n a s are u s e d , a cell h a d two set s of an te
inconsistent with e a c h other, the call drop will occur.
If a directional cell h a s a master an te n n a a n d a diversity an ten n a, th
transmitted through the two an t e n n a s resp ectiv ely. If the tilt a n g l e s
sc op e of the two an t en n as will b e different. In this c a s e , the MS c a n
when starting a call. T h u s the call drop is resulted.
l If the azimu th a n g l e s of the two an t e n n a s are inconsistent w
MS c a n re cei ve the S D C C H si g n a l s, but it m a y b e a s s i g n e d with the T
l T h e proble ms c on ce rning an t en n a feeder will also c a u s e cal
water pen etrates into the an t en n a, or connector problem is present
will d e c re a s e . In this c a s e , the cal l drop will occur. To confirm the pro
[Problem positioning and solution]
1) C h e c k if a n y ala rm con ce rnin g the combiner, CD U, tower a m
the B T S boards are normal in the OMC.
2) An alyze if the path b a l an c e is realized acco rdin g to t r a f i c sta
3) Further a n a l y z e if the path b a l a n c e is realized through moni
4) Perform drive test a n d dia lin g test. Du ri n g drive test, you c a
consistent with the p l an n e d one s, n a m e l y , if the transmit an te n n a o
5) C h e c k a n d test the on-site B T S s . He re the installation of the
mu s t b e c h e c ke d . In addition, you should also c h e c k if the feeder a n
connector problem, a n d if the feeder is d a m a g e d . Furthermore, you
6) Ju d g e if it is B T S hardware that c a u s e s path u n b a l a n c e a n d c
c h a n g e the comp onents that m a y h a v e problems or d i sab l e other T R
position the problem through d ialin g test. On ce a problem hardware
sou n d one. If no sou n d one is availab le, you mu s t shut down the pro
affecting network quality.
He reunder lists se ve ra l t r a f i c statistics item s for path b a l a n c e an a ly si s :
l Path b a l a n c e m e a s u re m e n t (to a n a l y z e if the path b a l a n c e is
l Call drop performance m e a s u re m e n t (to a n a l y z e the uplin k a
l Power control performance m e a s u re m e n t (to a n a l y z e m e a n R
v) Call d rop d u e to transmis sion r easo n s
If the transmission quality across the Abis interface a n d A-interface m a y b e not
meth od s c a1n) b e u s Ce d
h eto
c ksolve the problem:ala rm a n d board ala rm a n d a n a l y z e i
the transmission
failure.
2) C h e c k the tran smissi on ch an n el , test the bit error rate, c h e c
grounding is rational to en su re stab le transmission quality a n d red u c
3) C h e c k the t r a f i c statistics to s e e if the frequent call drop is c
should c h e c k TC H performance me a s u re m e n t, b e c a u s e it c a n indica
normal, if the TC H utilization is normal, a n d if the ground link call dro
vi) Call d rop d u e to par am eter r e as o ns
He re you should focus on c h e c k i n g if the p a ramete rs related to call drop are irr
irrationally set, the call drop m a y b e resulted.
l Radio link failure counter
Th is pa ramete r act s on the downlink. When the MS fails to d ecod e t
to discon n ect the call. If this paramete r is set to a too s m a l l valu e , t
drop. For d e a d zon es or the a rea s where the call drop frequently h a p
to
When a greater
c h a n g iva
n gluthe
e. radio link failure counter, you should c h a n g e the
v a l u e great e n ou gh for the MS to detect a radio link failure. For e x a m
1 6 (about 8 sec on d s ), the v a l u e of T 3 1 0 9 mu s t b e greater than 8 s e
sec on d s).
l S A C C H multiframe n u m b e r
Th is pa ramete r ac ts on the uplink. T h e B T S u s e s this paramete r to n
B S S . T h e B S S s id e j u d g e s the radio link failure acco rdin g to the bit er
set to a too s m a l l v alu e , the radio link failure will h a p p e n frequently
l Ac c e s s control p arameters
T h e a c c e s s control p arameters in clu d e the M in imu m RAC H R x l e v , RA
p arameters are irrationally set, the call drop will b e ea si ly resulted.
l T3101, T3107
T 3 1 0 1 is started when the B S C s e n d s a CHANNEL ACTIVATE m e s s a g e
INDICATION m e s s a g e is rec eiv ed . Th i s timer monitors the i m me d ia t e
allocated c h a n n e l s will b e rem o ved .
T 3 1 0 7 is started when the B S C s e n d s a n ASSIGNMENT COMMAND m
ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE m e s s a g e from the B T S , this timer will rese
that the MS c a n return to the old ch an n e l . Or it c a n also b e u s e d b y t
If the two timers are set to a too s m a l l va lu e, the s y s t e m will not h a v
m e s s a g e to the B S C . In this c a s e , the call drop will occur if the timer
l T 2 0 0 ; N2 00
T 2 0 0 is a n important timer u s e d for the L APD m (Lin k Ac c e s s Procedu
from occurring when the d ata is transferred across the d ata link l a y e
radio interfaces c a n b e d ivid ed into two typ es: the m e s s a g e s n ee d i n
n e e d i n g opposite ackn owl ed gem en t.
For the m e s s a g e s n e e d i n g opposite ackn owled g em en t, a T 2 0 0 m u s t
opposite ackn owl ed g e m en t is not rec e i ve d after a period of time, th
timer mu s t b e restarted. If the retransmission time s e x c e e d the m a x
retransmitted a n d the link will b e rel eased . Th a t is, this call drops. N
T 2 0 0 a n d N 20 0 h a v e different typ e s d e p e n d i n g on c h a n n e l typ e s ( TC
ty
T hpee call
s ( sidrop
gn a l i nrate
g a ncda nmbees sred
a g eusc)e. dT hifethe
g i vm
e ne scshaagnen eisl retransmitted
typ e a n d se rvica es
ackn owl ed g e men t is rec eived . Th a t is, the v a l u e of T 2 0 0 mu s t b e s e
b e set a s great a s possible. However, the T 2 0 0 cannot b e set to a to
large va lu e. If the opposite party h a s ackn o wl ed ged that the link h a d
n on se n s e.
Therefore, to red u ce the call drop rate, you c a n adjust the T 2 0 0 a n d
II. C a l l D r o p C a s e s
C a s e 1: Call d rop c a u s e d b y f r e q u en c y h op p in g collision
[Problem analysis]
A B T S u s e s 1 x 3 R F f req u en cy hopping. After c ap ac i ty exp an si on , the TC H alloc
problems. In addition, the TC H call drop rate a n d in comin g hando ve r failure rate
[Problem positioning and solution]
B e c a u s e h i g h call drop rate a n d h i g h in co min g handover failure rate c o m e toge
that the problem m a y arise dur ing TC H a s s i g n m e n t or the c h a n n e l n u mb e r s or t
unstab le. B e c a u s e the S D C C H call drop rate is normal, it c a n b e j u d ge d that the
n u mb e r s to the interfered are sma l l , but the n o n -BCC H carriers a n d n on -BCC H n
Th rough c h e c k i n g the hardware, an te n n a feeder, a n d transmission, e n gi n e e r s f
found that the s ig n al le v el was h i g h but the quality was poor. Th rough on-site d
quality was poor. Th rou gh c h e c k i n g en gin e e ri n g parameters, en gi n e e r s found t
that of the old carrier. Therefore, it c a n b e j u d g ed that the call drop was c a u s e d
the MAIO, e n g in e e r s found that call drop rate b e c a m e normal.
C a s e 2: Call d rop c a u s e d b y isolated island effect
Users c omp l ain ed that call drop always occurred ab ove the fifth floor of a buildi
[Problem analysis]
1) Th rough on-site test, en g i n e e r s found that call drop a n d nois
it was alway s in the s e r vi ce a rea of the other B T S (he reunde r call ed
2 )T S C ) before
B h e call
It is estima that . the s e r vic e ce ll b el o n gs to B T S B , which i
ted drop
it c a n b e j u d ge d that the s i g n a l s from the B T S B are reflected s i g n a l s
form ed . Th rou gh c h e c k i n g d ata configuration, e n gin ee r s found that o
3)
relationship with B T S B . Therefore, when the MS is u s i n g the s i g n a l s
were strong, a n d if the cell 2 of B T S B h a s no neighbor cell relationsh
b e performed.
T h e s i g n a l s from the cell 2 of B T S B are reflected m a n y times. Th e re b e c a m e
poor drama tically, eme rge n t handove r m a y b e initiated. In t B T S A is not a n
id eal can d id ate cell for the cell 2 of B T S B . As a resul called B T S C ) , but the MS
cannot rec ei ve the s i g n a l s from B T S C . T h e
[Solution]
You are re c o m me n d e d to c h a n g e the d ata in the BA 1 ( B C C H ) list, BA2 ( S AC C H ) you c a n
configure the cell 3 of B T S A a s the neighbor cell of cell 2 of B T S B . To e further optimize
the en g i n e e r i n g parame ter s. After that, the call drop problem c C a s e 3 : R e d u c e c a l l
drop rate through optimizing handover parameter [Problem description]
T h e drive test in a n are a found that the call drop rate at a c a v e nea r the B T S hi d u e time.
[ Pnear
T h e c a v e is r o b l ethe
m Ba Tn Sa.l yTshies signal
a n d s olel ve
u tli oof ]the target cell is about - 8 0 d B m in below -
1 0 0 d B m . T h e downlink power of the two cel ls outside the c a v e is good, s i g n a l level
deteriorates d rama tica lly in the c a v e , so the call drop occurs before To red u ce the call
drop rate, you c a n optimize 1) a n dn adjust
ping pthen ghandover
hand ve p aisr apmesen
e a n d he c nve sa i n is
2 ) p p e n Se th athe l threshold
a s e a s ii to
y atrigger
s p ss ble. the em e rge n t hando ve r rationall before
call drop.
For the paramet er modification, s e e Hand over
paramet er optimization
Parameter N a m e
PBGT hando ve r m e a s u re m e n t time
PBGT hando ve r duration
PBGT hando ve r threshold
Uplink quality threshold for eme rg en t handove r
Min imu m downlink power for hando ve r can d id ate cell
C a s e 4: Call drop c ause d b y clock problem

T h e cell A of a n 1 8 0 0 M H z network h a s b e e n cutover. After the e stab lish men t of over to
the G S M 9 0 0 MHz cell that sh a re s the s a m e B T S site drops in the G S M 9 0
estab li sh ed on the G S M 1 8 0 0 MHz cell intend to h a n d over to the G S M 9 0 0 MHz c
d rama tically first, a n d then grad u ally d i sap p e a r s to none. If the hando ve r is from
p h en omen on is also present. Through monitoring si gn a lin g, e n gin e e r s find that call drop i
just p roce ss for call re-establishment. However, the test MS shows t MHz cell. Therefore, i
c a n b e j u d ged that the c locks are seriously asynchro n ou s the G S M 9 0 0 e q u ip m en t provide
cooperate with e a c h other on clock calibration Therefore, for d ua l-b an d handove r, the
clock of the G S M 9 0 0 MHz B T S a n d that
Before Modification
After Modification
Power
4 . 9 . 1 M a x i m u m Tr a n s m i t P o w e r o f M S ( M S T X P W R M X )
I. Defin it ion
T h e transmit power of MS in communication is controlled b y B T S . According to
t
& Note:
In a n y situation, power control is prior to related handove r for B S S . Only when
t
To red u ce interference between neighbor cells, the power control of MS is restri

MSTXP WRMX is the m a x i m u m transmit power of MS controlled b y B T S .
II. Fo r m a t
MSTXP WRMX r a n g e s from 0 to 3 1 .
T h e d B m v a l u e s co rresponding to G S M 9 0 0 a n d G S M 1 8 0 0 cell s are different:
l T h e 3 2 m a x i m u m transmit power control c l a s s e s for G S M 9 0 0
l T h e 3 2 m a x i m u m transmit power control c l a s s e s for G S M 9 0 0
II I. C o n f i g u r a t i o n a n d I n f l u e n c e
Configu ring MSTXPWRMX h e lp s control interferences betw een neighbor cells, b
l If MSTXP WRMX is over great, the interference between n e i gh
l If MSTXP WRMX is over s ma l l , the voice quality de cl in e s a n d i
4.9.2 Received Level Threshold of Downlink Power Increment (LDR )
I. Defin it ion
When the downlink rec e ive d lev el of the se r v in g cell is small er than a
threshold
T h e rec ei ve d lev el threshold of downlink power incremen t d efin es the downlink
transmit power.
T h e parame te r N1 m e a n s that at l e a s e N1 s a m p l i n g points mu s t b e m e a s u re d b
T h e parame te r P1 m e a n s the le vel of at least P1 s a m p l i n g points in N1 s a m p l i n
II. Fo r m a t
It r a n g e s from –11 0 d B m to –47 d B m .
N1 r a n g e s from 1 to 3 2 .
P1 r a n g e s from 1 to 3 2 .
T h e rec ei ve d lev el is between –60 d B m a n d –80 d B m in a GSM network, so conf
N1 is related to propagation quality of radio c h an n e l s within cell cov e r a ge ra n g
Configure P1 to about 2/ 3 of N1.
4.9.3 Re ceived Le vel Threshold of Uplink Power Increment ( LU R )
I. Defin it ion
When the u p link rece ive d level of the se r v i n g ce ll is sma ller than a threshold,
th
T h e rec ei ve d lev el threshold of u p link power incremen t d efin es the u p lin k recei
transmit power.
II. Fo r m a t
4.9.4 Re ceived Quality Threshold of Downlink Power Increment ( L DR )
I. Defin it ion
When the downlink rec e ive d quality of the se r vi n g cell is smaller than a
thresho
T h e rec ei ve d quality threshold of downlink power incremen t d efin es the downlin
in crea s e its transmit power.
T h e parameter N3 m e a n s that at l e a s e N3 s a m p l i n g points mu st b e m e a s u re d b
T h e parame te r P3 m e a n s the quality of at least P3 s a m p l i n g points in N3 s a m p l
II. Fo r m a t
It r a n g e s from 0 to 7, the voice quality grad e.
T h e rec ei ve d quality is 0 to 2 of quality gra d e in a GS M network, so configure re
4.9.5 Re ceived Quality Threshold of Uplink Power Increment ( LUR )
I. Defin it ion
When the u p link rece ive d quality of the s e r vi n g cell is sma ller than a
threshold,
T h e rec ei ve d quality threshold of u p lin k power incremen t d efin es the u p link rec
transmit power of MS.
II. Fo r m a t
4.9.6 Received Level Threshold of Downlink Power Decrement (UDR )
I. Defin it ion
When the downlink rec e ive d lev el of the se r v in g cell is greater than a
threshold
T h e rec ei ve d lev el threshold of downlink power d ecrem en t d efin es the downlink
its transmit power.
II. Fo r m a t
4.9.7 Re ceived Le vel Threshold of Uplink Power Decrement (UUR )
I. Defin it ion
When the u p link rece ive d level of the se r v i n g ce ll is greater than a threshold,
th
T h e rec ei ve d lev el threshold of u p link power d ec re m en t d efin es the upli n k rece
power of MS.
II. Fo r m a t
N2 is related to propagation quality of radio c h a n n e l s within cell coverage ra n g
4.9.8 Re ceived Quality Threshold of Downlink Power De c r em ent (UDR )
I. Definit ion
When the downlink rec e ive d quality of the se r vi n g cell is greater than a
thresho
T h e rec ei ve d quality threshold of downlink power d ec re m en t d efin es the downli
d e c re a s e transmit power of MS.
II. Fo r m a t
4.9.9 Re ceived Quality Threshold of Uplink Power De cr em en t (UUR)
I. Defin it ion
When the u p link rece ive d quality of the s e r vi n g cell is greater than a
threshold,
T h e rec ei ve d quality threshold of u p lin k power d ec re m en t d efin e s the uplin k re
transmit power of MS.
II. Fo r m a t
4.9.10 Power Control Interval (INT)
I. Defin it ion
It take s a period from b e g i n n i n g of power control to detection of effect of power
call drop occurs.
T h e parame te r power control interval (INT) configures the m i n i m u m interval b e
II. Fo r m a t
It r a n g e s from 0 to 3 1 s .
According to frame structure of G S M network, configu re INT to about 3 s .
I V. P r e c a u t i o n s
INT cannot b e sma ller than 1 s , a n d otherwise the s y s t e m b e c o m e s unstable.
4.9.11 Power Increment Step (INC)
I. Defin it ion
T h e INC in d ica tes the power incremen t of MS or b a s e station in power control.
II. Fo r m a t
T h e ra n g e of INC is 2 d B , 4 d B , or 6 d B .
T h e re c o m me n d e d v a l u e is 4 d B .
4.9.12 Power Decrement Step (RED)
I. Defin it ion
T h e R E D indica tes the power d ec re m en t of MS or b a s e station in power control.
II. Fo r m a t
T h e ra n g e of R E D is 2 d B or 4 d B .
T h e re c o m me n d e d v a l u e of R E D is 2 d B .
C h e c k i n g t he Par am e t er S e t t i ng s for D C R Huaw ei 2 G
T h e parameter settings on the B S C side a n d M S C si d e m a y affect the TC H
call drop rate. You should c h e c k the settings of the following parameters for
a cell with a h i g h TC H call drop rate. S e e C a s e 5: Reduction of Call Drops b y
Optimizing Handover Parameters a n d C a s e 1 2 : Increase in Cal l Drop Rate D u e to
C h a n g e of TR1 N on the M S C Si d e.
1 . S A C C H M u l t i - Fr a m e s
T h is parameter determines whether a n upli nk radio link is faulty. E a c h time the
B T S fails to deco de the m e as u re m e n t report on the S A C C H from the MS, the
counter d e c re a se s b y 1 . E a c h time the B T S su ccess ful l y d eco des the
m e as u rem e n t report on the S A C C H , the counter inc reases b y 2 . When the
v a l u e of this counter is 0 , the B T S regards the radio link a s faulty. In the
t r a f i c m easurem e n t , if there are m a n y call drops (M3101A) related to radio
link failure, you c a n infer that the radio propagation conditions are poor. In
this c a s e , you c a n set this parameter to a greater v al ue .
2. Radio Link Timeout
T h is parameter determines whether a downlink radio link is faulty. E a c h
time the B T S fails to deco de the m e a s u rem en t report sent over the S A C C H
b y the MS, the counter d e c re a s e s b y 1 . E a c h time the B T S su ccess ful l y
dec o des the m e a s u rem e nt report sent over the S AC C H , the counter
inc reases b y 2 . When the v a l u e of this parameter is 0 , the B T S regards the
radio link a s faulty. In the t r a f i c m easure m en t , if there are m a n y call drops
(M3101A) related to radio link failure, you c a n infer that the radio
propagation conditions are poor. In this c a se, you c a n set this parameter to
a greater v al ue .
3. R X L E V_ A C C E SS _ M I N
T h is parameter specifies the m i n i m u m receive level of a n MS to a c c e s s the B S S . If
this parameter is set to a too sm a l l v alue , so m e M Ss with low rece ive le v el s
m a y a c c e s s the network a n d call drops are likely to occur. You c a n set this
parameter to a great v a l u e to reduce the TC H call drop rate. T h e counters
s u c h a s call setup s u c c e s s rate a n d the counters related to t r a f i c vo lume,
however, are accordingly affected.
4. R A C H Min.Access Level
T h is parameter determines whether a n MS c a n a c c e s s the network over the RACH.
If this parameter is set to a too sm a l l v al ue, s o m e M Ss with low s ig n a l level s
m a y a c c e s s the network a n d call drops are likely to occur. You c a n set this
parameter to a great v a l u e to reduce the TC H call drop rate. T h e counters
s u c h a s call setup s u c c e s s rate a n d p a g i n g s u c c e s s rate, however, are
affected.
5 . Min D L P o w e r o n H O C a n d i d a t e C e l l a n d Mi n A c c e s s L e v e l O f f s e t
T h e s u m of the v a l u e s of the two paramete rs specif ies the m i n i m u m
downlink receive level of a candidate neighb oring cell for a handover. If this
parameter is set to a too great v al ue , s o m e desired cells m a y b e exc l u d e d from
the candidate cells; if this parameter is set to a too sm a l l v alue , an unwanted cell
m a y b e c o m e the candidate cell. Both conditions m a y le ad to the increase of call
drops.
6. Timer T3103 series
Timer T 3 1 0 1 series consists of T3 1 0 3 A, T 3 1 0 3 C , a n d T 8 . T h e s e timers are
started to wait for a handover complete m e s s a g e . If the lengths of the
timers are set to sm a ll v al u es, probably no m e s s a g e is received when timer
T 3 1 0 3 series expires. In this c a s e , the B S C considers that the radio link in
the originating cell is faulty. T h e n, the B S C rel ease s the c ha n n e l in the
originating cell. T h u s, call drops occur. In the t r a f i c m e a s u rem e n t, if m a n y
call drops are related to handov ers (C M3 3 1 : Cal l Drops on Radio Interface
in Handover State), you c a n set this parameter to a greater v al ue. If this
parameter is set to a too great v al ue , c h ann e l resources are wasted a n d
m e as u rem e n t report on the S A C C H , the counter inc reases b y 2 . When the
v a l u e of this counter is 0 , the B T S regards the radio link a s faulty. In the
t r a f i c m easurem e n t , if there are m a n y call drops (M3101A) related to radio
link failure, you c a n infer that the radio propagation conditions are poor. In
this c a s e , you c a n set this parameter to a greater v al ue .
7. Timer T3 1 0 9
T h is parameter specifies the period for waiting for a Re l e a s e Indication
m e s s a g e after the B S C s e n d s a C h a n n e l Re l e a s e m e s s a g e to the B T S . If
this parameter is set to a too sm a l l v alue , the link m a y b e released before
the Re l e a s e Indication m e s s a g e is received. As a result, a call drop occurs.
You c a n set this parameter to a greater v a l u e to reduce the TC H call drop
rate. It is rec o m m e n de d that timer T 3 1 0 9 be set to 1–2 sec o nds longer than
timer Radio L i n k Timeout.
8. Timer T3 1 1 1
T h is parameter specifies the interval between the time that the m a i n
s i g n a l i ng link is disconne cted a n d the time that a c ha n n e l is deactivated.
T h e purpose is to reserve a period of time for repeated link disconnections. If this
timer is set to a too sm a l l v alu e, a ch a n n e l m a y b e deac tivated too early.
T h u s , call drops increase.
7. Timer T3 1 0 9
T h is parameter specifies the period for waiting for a Re l e a s e Indication
m e s s a g e after the B S C s e n d s a C h a n n e l Re l e a s e m e s s a g e to the B T S . If
this parameter is set to a too sm a l l v alue , the link m a y b e released before
the Re l e a s e Indication m e s s a g e is received. As a result, a call drop occurs.
You c a n set this parameter to a greater v a l u e to reduce the TC H call drop
rate. It is rec o m m e n de d that timer T 3 1 0 9 be set to 1–2 sec o nds longer than
timer Radio L i n k Timeout.
8. Timer T3 1 1 1
T h is parameter specifies the interval between the time that the m a i n
s i g n a l i ng link is disconne cted a n d the time that a c ha n n e l is deactivated.
T h e purpose is to reserve a period of time for repeated link disconnections. If this
timer is set to a too sm a l l v alu e, a ch a n n e l m a y b e deac tivated too early.
T h u s , call drops increase.
1 1 . Call R e e s t a b l i s h m e n t Fo r b i d d e n
T h is parameter specifies whether to allow call reestablishment. In c a s e of
burst interference or radio link failure d u e to blind are as c a u s e d b y h i g h
buil dings, call drops occur. In this c a s e , M Ss c a n initiate the call
reestablishment procedure to restore communication. To reduce the TC H
call drop rate, you c a n set this parameter to No to allow call
reestablishment. In certain conditions, allowing call reestablishment greatly
reduces the TC H call drop rate. Call reestablishment lasts for a long time, a n d
therefore so m e subscribers cannot wait a n d h a n g up. Thi s affects user expe rien ce.
12. Parameters related to e d g e handover
When the rece iv e level drops greatly, a n e d g e handover cannot b e
performed in time in a n y of the following conditions: T h e parameter E d g e
HO UL R X _ L E V Threshold or E d g e HO D L R X _ L E V Threshold is set to a
sm al l v al ue; the parameter Inter-cell HO Hysteresis is set to a great v al ue;
the parameters E d g e HO Watch Ti m e a n d E d g e HO AdjCell Watch Ti m e
are set to great v a l u e s ; the parameters E d g e HO Valid Ti m e a n d E d g e HO
AdjCell Valid Ti m e are set to great v a l u e s . As a result, a call drop occurs.
To reduce the TC H call drop rate, you c a n appropriately set these
parameters so that e d g e handovers c a n b e performed in time to avoid call
drops.
13. Parameters related to B Q handover
When the si g n al quality deteriorates, a BQ handover cannot b e performed
in time in a n y of the following conditions: T h e parameters
ULQuaLimitAMRFR, ULQuaLimitAMRHR, UL Qual. Threshold,
DLQuaLimitAMRFR, D L QuaLimitAMRHR, a n d D L Qual. Threshold are
set to great v a l ue s; the parameter BQ HO Margin is set to a sm a l l v al ue;
the parameter Inter-cell HO Hysteresis is set to a great v al ue . As a result,
call drops occur. To re duce the TC H call drop rate, you should appropriately
set these parameters so that BQ handov ers c a n b e performed in time to
avoid call drops.
14. Parameters related to interference handover
If the parameters RXQUAL1 to RXQU AL12 are set to great v a l u e s or if the
RXLEVOff parameter is set to a great v al ue, strong interference m a y occur.
In this c a s e , if interference handov ers are not performed in time, call drops
occur. To reduce the TC H call drop rate, you c a n appropriately set these
parameters so that interference hando vers c a n b e performed in time to
avoid call drops. If the parameters RXQUAL1 to RXQU AL12 are set to
sm al l v a l ue s, the num b er of hando ve rs d u e to other c a u s e s inc re ases
greatly, thus affecting the handover s u c c e s s rate.
1 5 . Par a m et e r s related to concentric cell hand o v er
A call at the e d g e of the overlaid subce ll cannot b e h a n d e d over to the
underlaid subc ell in a n y of the following conditions: In the c a s e of a normal
concentric cell, the parameters R X _ L E V Threshold a n d R X _ L E V
Hysteresis are set to great v a l ue s; in the c a s e of a n e n h a n c e d concentric
cell, the parameter OtoU HO Re c e i v e d L e v e l Threshold is set to a great
v al u e. As a result, a call drop is likely to occur. If the Call Drop Ratio on TC H
on the T R X in the OverLaid S u b ce ll (R M 3 3 0 a ) is high , you c a n
appropriately set these paramete rs so that calls at the e d g e of the overlaid
s ubcel l c a n b e h a n d e d over to the underlaid subcell in time.
When a call in the underlaid subc ell h a s interference, the call cannot b e
h a n d e d over to the overlaid subc ell if the RX_QUAL for UO HO Allowed
parameter is set to Ye s a n d the RX_QUAL Threshold parameter is set to a
great v alu e. T h u s, a call drop occurs. If the Cal l Drop Ratio on TC H on the
T R X in the Underlaid S u b ce l l (RM 3 3 0 ) is high, you c a n set these
parameters properly so that the call c a n b e h a n d e d over to the overlaid
s ubcel l at the earliest.
16. Par am et er s related to power control
If the power control lev el a n d quality threshold are set to sm a l l v al u e s, call
drops are likely to occur b e c a u s e of low si gn a l level or b a d voice quality.
17. T200 and N200
If the parameters T 2 0 0 FACCH/F, T 2 0 0 FACCH/H, N2 00 of FACCH/Full
rate, a n d N2 0 0 of FACCH/Half rate are set to sm al l v a l ues , data link s are
disconnected too early. T h u s , all drops are likely to occur. If call drops occur
b e c a u s e of T 2 0 0 expiry, you c a n increase the v a l u e s of T 2 0 0 a n d N2 00
properly.
18. Neighboring cell relations
If the neighbo ring ce ll s configured in the BA2 table are incomplete, call
drops are likely to occur in the c a s e of no suitable neighboring cell for
handover a n d progressive deterioration in the voice quality. Neighboring cell
relations should b e configured completely on the b a s i s of the drive test data
a n d electronic m a p (for e x a m p l e , Nastar) to m i n i m i ze the call drops d u e to
no av ai l abl e neighbo ring cells.
1 9 . MAIO
If frequency ho ppi ng ( FH ) is applied in a cell a n d the MAIO is set
inappropriately (for ex a m p l e , different T R X s se rv i n g the s a m e cell h a v e the
s a m e MAIO), freque ncy collision m a y occur during FH. T h u s , the TC H call
drop rate increas es.
20. Disconnect Handover Protect Timer
T h is parameter is a software parameter of the B S C . After rece ivi ng a
DISCONNECT m e s s a g e from a n MS, the B S C cannot h a n d over the MS
within the period spec ified b y this parameter. Therefore, the following c a s e
c a n b e avoided: After b e i n g h a n d e d over to the target cell, the MS cannot
b e put on hook b e c a u s e it does not rece ive a release ackno wl edgem ent
m e s s a g e . You are a d v i s e d to set this parameter properly.
21. TR1N
T h is parameter should b e set on the M S C side. It is u s e d to avoid the
retransmission of short m e s s a g e s . When this parameter is set to a too great
v al ue , the M S C does not s e n d a C L E A R C M D m e s s a g e if the MS rece iv e s
a short m e s s a g e during link disconnection. As a result, the MS s e n d s the
B T S a D I S C m e s s a g e to disconnect layer 2 connection. After receiv ing the
D I S C m e s s a g e , the B T S s e n d s a REL_IND m e s s a g e to the B S C . Th e n , the
B S C s e n d s a C L E A R RE Q m e s s a g e to the M S C a n d the n um b e r of call
drops is incremented b y one.
2 2 . S o f t w a r e P a r a m e t e r 1 3 a n d M A X TA
When the parameter Software Parameter 1 3 is e na b l ed a n d the parameter MAX
TA is set to a too sm a ll v al ue , the c ha n n e l is released when the TA of a call e x c e e d s
the MAX TA. In this c as e , call drops occur. It is re co m m e n de d that the
parameter Software Parameter 1 3 should not b e e nab led .
2 3 . Direc tly Magnifier Si t e F l a g
If a B T S is installed with repeaters, the handover between repeaters c a n only
b e asynchronous b e c a u s e the distance between repeaters is long. If
synchronous handov ers are performed, the handov ers m a y fail a n d thus m a n y
call drops occur. Therefore, when a B T S is installed with repeaters, the
parameter Directly Magnifier Site F l a g should b e set to Ye s to avoid
synchronous handov ers between cells under the s a m e B T S .
Cl i ck to return to m a i n p a
Vendor Te c h Re so urce Ty p e
Huawei 3G UL C E
Huawei 3G DL CE
Huawei 3G UL Power
Huawei 3G D L Power
Huawei 3G UL IuB
Huawei 3G D L IuB
Huawei 3G Co de
NSN 3G UL C E
NSN 3G DL CE
NSN 3G UL Power
NSN 3G D L Power
NSN 3G IuB
NSN 3G Co de
Huawei 2G SDCCH
Huawei 2G TC H
Huawei 2G TBF
Huawei 2G PDCH
Huawei 2G Abis
Nokia 2G SDCCH
Nokia 2G TC H
Nokia 2G PDCH
Nokia 2G Abis
Siemens 2G SDCCH
Siemens 2G TC H
Siemens 2G PDCH
Siemens 2G Abis
Congestion Counter
VS . RR C. Re j . UL C E . C on g + V S . R AB . F a ilE st ab C S . UL CE . C o ng + VS . R A B . F ai l E s t a b P S . UL C E . C o n g
V S . R R C . R e j . D L CE . C o n g + V S . R A B . F a i l E s t a b C S . D L C E . C o n g + V S . R A B . F a i l E s t a b P S . D L C E . C o n g
VS.RRC.Rej .ULPowe r.Co ng+VS.R AB.FailEst ab C S.ULPowe r.Cong+VS.R AB.F ailEst abPS .ULPowe r.C ong
VS .RRC.Re j .DL Powe r.Co ng+VS .RAB.Fai lE stab C S . DL Po we r.Cong+VS .R AB. F ailE st ab PS .DLPowe r.Con g
VS .RRC.Re j .ULIUBBand. Cong+VS .R A B.F ailE stab CS .ULI UBB an d .Cong+VS .R AB.F ailE stab PS .ULIUB Band.Con g
VS .RRC.Re j . DLI UB B and. C on g + VS .R AB .F a il E st ab C S .D L I UBB and . Co ng +VS .R AB.F ai lE st ab PS .DL I UB B an d . C on g
VS . RR C. Re j . C od e . C ong + VS . R A B .F ai l E s t ab C S . C o d e . C ong + VS . R A B.F a i l E s t ab P S . Co d e . C o n g
rrc_conn_stp_fail_bts+rab_stp_fail_cs_voice_bts+rab_stp_fail_ps_strea_bts+rab_stp_fail_ps_inter_frozbs+rab_
_str_1+se tup_fail_bts_hs_dsch_bgr
rrc_conn_stp_fail_bts+rab_stp_fail_cs_voice_bts+rab_stp_fail_ps_strea_bts+rab_stp_fail_ps_inter_frozbs+rab_
_str_1+se tup_fail_bts_hs_dsch_bgr
rrc_conn_stp_fail_ac+rab_stp_fail_cs_voice_ac+rab_stp_fail_ps_strea_ac +rab_stp_fail_ps_inter_ac+rab_stp_fa
rrc_conn_stp_fail_iub_aal2+rab_stp_fail_cs_v_iub_aal2+setup_fail_iub_hs_total_str_1+setup_fail_iub_hs_total_
K30 01 : F a ile d S D C C H S e i z u r e s d u e to B u s y S D C C H
K3011A: Failed T C H S e i z u r e s d u e to B u s y T C H ( Tr a f i c Ch an n e l )
[ A90 0 3: N um be r of Faile d Uplink G P R S T B F E sta blishmen ts d u e to No Ch an n e l ]
+ [ A 9 2 0 3 : N u m b e r of Failed Uplink E G P R S T B F E stab lishmen ts d u e to No C h a n n e l ] + [ A 9 1 0 3 : N u m b e r of Failed
Ch annel ]
+ [ A 9 3 0 3 : N u m b e r of Failed Downlink E G P R S T B F E stab lishmen ts d u e to No C h a n n e l ] }
[ R 9 3 9 4 : N u m b e r of P D C H Application Failures d u e to no Conve rt able T C H s ] + [ R 9 3 9 5 : N u m b e r of P D C H Applica
[ R 9 3 4 6 : N u m b e r of D y n a m i c P D C H R e q u e s t s Without Application Attempts B e c a u s e the Nu m b e r of Activated
[ R 9 3 4 7 : N u m b e r of D y n a m i c P D C H R e q u e s t s Without Application Attempts B e c a u s e No Abis Timeslot is Availa
R 9 3 4 7 : N u m b e r of D y n a m i c P D C H R e q u e s t s Without Application Attempts B e c a u s e No Abis Time slot is Availa
1 0 0 * ( [S D C CH _B US Y _ AT T ] - [ T CH _S E I Z _ D UE _ S D C C H _ C O N ] ) / [ S D C C H _ S E I Z _ AT T ] )
1 0 0 * ([TCH_RE QUES TS _C ALL_ATTE MPT] - [SUCC _TCH_SE IZ_CALL_AT TE MPT])/[TCH_RE QUES TS _CALL_ATTE MP
1 0 0 * ([NO_RADIO_RES_AVA_DL_TBF] + [NO_RADIO_RES_AVA_UL_TBF])/([NBR_OF_DL_TB F] + [NBR_OF_UL_TB
dl_tbfs_with_inadeq_edap_res + ul_tbfs_without_edap_res
AT S D C M B S / NATTS DPE
( ATC HS M B S _1 + AT C H S M BS _ 2 ) /(ATTCHS E I_1 + AT T C H S E I _ 2 ) - - > e x c l u d i n g A-bis blocking
( ATC HS M B S _1 + AT C H S M B S _ 2 + AT C H S M B S _ 3 + AT C H S M BS _ 4 ) /(ATTC HSE I_1 + AT T C H S E I _ 2 ) - - > inc lud in g A-
b
RE J PDASS _1. .37 / (NUACATCL_3 + NUACATCL_6)
ABISPSUP[7]/(ABISPSUP[6] + ABISPSUP[7])
Case
C E Blo cking/CE H i g h Util
Iub Blocking/Iub H i g h Util
D L- Power Blo cking/DL - Power H i g h Util
UL- Power Blocking
Co de Blocking
1st Action
C h e c k trending of C E Availability
Physical Audit (involving TP an a ly s is)

2nd Action
IuB V C Split
Activate 40W, maintain existing PCPICH setting
Increase PrxTarget, adjust
DeltaPrxMaxUp,DeltaPrxMaxDown
D e c re a se u s e d MaxBitrateDLPSNRT ( 1 2 8 kbits/s, 6 4
kbits/s)
3rd Action
C E lice nse and/or board u p g r ad e
Iub BW u p g r a d e
Increase PtxTarget, PtxMaxHSDPA
Ty p e
C S Blo cking & Non PS blocking
PS Blo cking & Non C S blocking
C S Blo cking & PS bloc king
2 G / 3 G reselection ( t r a f i c share)
Blocking
S D C C H blocking & Non TC H Blo cking
TC H Blo cking & Non S D C C H blocking
TC H Blo cking & S D C C H blocking
PS Blo cking - > d u e to no Convertable TC H s
PS B l o c k i n g - > d u e to C E L L P D C H Ratio Thresh
PS B l o c k i n g - > d u e to Activated P D C H s Re a c h e s Board

Specification
PS Bl o cki n g- >Abis Timeslot is Available for Use

First step
c h e c k c ha n n e l availability rate & Abis transmission availiblity

rate,any intermittent rise T T ( c a u s e m a y b e d u e to Abis IP capac i ty
problem)

problem)

problem)

problem)

problem)

problem)
Second step
1 .reduce MS MAX Retrans
2.Increase C R H (L AC border area)
3.Add fix S D C C C H c han n el
4 .RAC H B u s y Threshold
5 . Re d u c e C S RAC H Min. Ac c es s L ev e l
6 . S D DY N - > Ye s ( S D C C H D y n a m i c Allocation Allowed)
1 . E n a b l e TC H Rate Adjust Allow

2 . Re d u c e TC H B U S Y T H R E S
&AMRTCHHPRIORALLOW&AMRTCHHPRIORLOAD
3 . C h a n g e S D C C H &PDCH to TC H c ha n n e l
4 . E n a b l e load handover
5.PT & CR O
6.Counter A 3 1 2 F , TD M - > Re d u c e idle T S & up g r a de Abis;IP
m o de u p g r a de Abis
1 . s a m e a s upper redu ce S D C C H & TC H blocking

2.PT &C CR O
3.Power adjust ( increase adjcent cells power type if possble)
4 .u pgr ad e T R X
1.Add fix P D C H c h a n ne l
2.UPDYNCHNTRANLEV & D W N DY N C H N T RAN L E V (2 0 -
>7 0 ,2 0 - >8 0 )
3 . DY N C H F R E E T M ( 2 0 - > 1 5 )
1.Increase MAX P D C H rate threshold
2.P DCHU P LEV & P D C H D W N L E V ( 2 0 - > 7 0 , 2 0 - > 8 0 )
3 . DY N C H F R E E T M ( 1 5 - > 1 0 )
D S P Re - bal an ce
Abis u p g r a de (IP m o de increase BW)
1.U pgrade T R X or Abis transmission capac i ty

2.If u p g ra d e lim it,change P D C H to TC H ( C S h i g h priority)
3.Lo ad sh aring to 3 G , F D D Qmin ( 7 - - > 6 [ m a x -14db]) &
S S E A RC H RAT ( 2 - - > 0 )
1.Inter-RAT Cell Reselection Enable(IRAT reseclection)

2.Qsearch C Initial(seach 3 G in Idle m o de)
3.Qsearch I ( 7 = a l w a y s s e a c h 3 G )
4 . F D D Qmin ( 3 G candida te cells EC/NO threshold)
5 . F D D Qmin Offset(candidate cells EC/NO offset)
Ty p e Blocking
TC H Blo cking & Non S D C C H blocking
TC H Blo cking & S D C C H blocking
PS Blocking, TC H not Blo cking
PS Blo cking (Abis)

Analyze
c h e c k c ha n n e l availability rate ( TC H Availability) & Transm issi on

performance, a n y intermittent or not (Alarm). If all Ok then do the
action coloum

action coloum

action coloum

action coloum

action coloum
Action
1 . Re d u c e C R H ( C e l l R e s e l e c t H y s t e r e s i s = H Y S ) if site in the
L AC border a rea a n d i nc rease C R H for the NR cell in another L AC
2 . Re d u c e C R O ( C e l l R e s e l l e c t O f f s e t = R E O ) or m a k e n e g a t i v e
v a l u e b y set P e n a l t y T i m e ( P E T ) to 6 4 0 s
3.Add fix S D C C C H c han n el
1. increase ( b t s S p L o a d D e p Tc h R a t e L o w e r = F R L ) &
( b t s S p L o a d D e p Tc h R a t e U p p e r = F R U ) m a x i m u m v a l ue is 9 0
2. Increase ( a m r S e g L o a d D e p Tc h R a t e L o w e r = A F R L ) &
( a m r S e g L o a d D e p Tc h R a t e U p p e r = A F R U )
3. C h a n g e S D C C H &PDCH to TC H c ha n n e l
4. Re d u c e h o M a r g i n P b g t from blocking cell a n d increase
h o M a r g i n P b g t to NR cell that is no blocking
1. s a m e a s upper reduce S D C C H & TC H blocking

2. C h a n g e P D C H to TC H if P D C H not blocking or l e s s
3 .u pgr ad e T R X
1.Add D e d i c a t e d G P R S C a p a c t i t y ( C D E D ) b y increase the
num b e r
2. Add D e f a u l t G P R S C a p a c i t y ( C D E F ) byt increase the num b e r
(Dynamic)
1. Re d u c e e g p r s I n i t M c s A c k M o d e ( M C A ) &
egprsInitMcsUnAckMode (MCU)
Ty p e Blocking
S D C C H blocking & Non

TC H Blo cking

TC H Blocking & Non
S D C C H blocking
TC H Blo cking & S D C C H

blocking
PS Blo cking - > d u e to no

P D C H resource

PS Blo cking - > d u e to PDT
resource
PS B l o c k i n g - > no Abis
Timeslot is Available
C S Blo cking & PS bloc king
2 G / 3 G reselection ( t r a f i c share)
First step
c h e c k c ha n n e l availability rate & Abis

transmission availiblity rate,any
intermittent rise T T ( ca u s e m a y b e d u e to
Abis problem)

Abis problem)
Abis problem)
Abis problem)
Abis problem)

Abis IP cap aci ty problem)
Second step
1. Re d u c e S D C C H C O N GT H ( 7 0 - - > 5 0 /4 0 )
2. Increase C E L L R E S H (L AC border area)
3. C h a n g e TC H _ H L F timeslot to TC H S D timeslot
4. Add fix S D C C H timeslot
4. Re d u c e RA C H B T ( 1 0 9 - - > 1 0 6 )
1. Re d u c e H RA C C T 1 a n d HRACTAMRACT1
2. Re d u c e GP D P D TC H
3. Re d u c e GMANPRESPRM & EMANPRESPRM
4. Increase S D C C H C O N GT H ( m a x : 1 0 0 )
1. S a m e a s upper reduce S D C C H & TC H blocking

2. Increase P WRRED to 2
3. Upgrade T R X
1. Increase GMANPRESPRM & EMANPRESPRM

2. Increase G P D P D TCH
Re b a l a n c i n g PRPTPGID
1. C h a n g e G A ST RA BI ST H to 60-70 -4 0 -50
2. Add S U B T S L B on A-bis
1.U pgrade T R X or Abis transmission capac i ty

2.If u p g ra d e lim it,change P D C H to TC H ( C S h i g h priority)
3.Lo ad sh aring to 3 G , F D D Qmin ( 7 - - > 6 [ m a x -14db]) & S S E A RC H RAT
(2-->0)
1.Inter-RAT Cell Reselection Enable(IRAT reseclection)

2.Qsearch C Initial(seach 3 G in Idle m o de)
3.Qsearch I ( 7 = a l w a y s s e a c h 3 G )
4 . F D D Qmin ( 3 G candida te cells EC/NO threshold)
5 . F D D Qmin Offset(candidate cells EC/NO offset)
N o E q u i p m e n t Te c h Parameter N am e
1 Huawei 3G NBMULCACALGOSELSWITCH
2 Huawei 3G PILOTPO, D L DP CH SF2 5 6P ILO TBI T
3 Huawei 3G MAPSWITCH_MAP_HSUPA_TTI_2MS_SWITCH
4 Huawei 3G N300
5 Huawei 3G BeHsupa2msTTIratethd
6 Huawei 3G CSRABCacOptSwitch
7 Huawei 3G PsInactTmrForPreFstDrm
8 Huawei 3G CQIFbCk, CQIFbCkforSHO
9 Huawei 3G ULTOTALEQUSERNUM
10 Huawei 3G HSPDSCHCODENUM
11 Huawei 3G DLHOCECODERESVSF
12 Huawei 3G HoASUtmr
13 Huawei 3G RLMAXDLPWR & RLMINDLPWR
14 Huawei 3G SSEARCHRAT
15 Huawei 3G EAGCHCODENUM
16 Huawei 3G UlOlcTrigThd
17 Huawei 3G SMPAGECTHD & SMPAGERTHD
18 Huawei 3G TrigRatioforUlRTWP
19 Huawei 3G RLMAXDLPWR & RLMINDLPWR
20 Huawei 3G ULHOCERESVSF& ULRRCCERESVSF
21 Huawei 3G DLLDRTRIGTHD
22 Huawei 3G RSCALLOCM
23 Huawei 3G DLCONVAMRTHD
24 Huawei 3G DLCONVNONAMRTHD
25 Huawei 3G DLOTHERTHD
26 Huawei 3G DLHOTHD
27 Huawei 3G DLCELLTOTALTHD
28 Huawei 3G DLLDRFIRSTACTION
29 Huawei 3G DLLDRSECONDACTION
30 Huawei 3G DLLDRTHIRDACTION
31 Huawei 3G DLLDRFOURTHACTION
32 Huawei 3G DLLDRFIFTHACTION
33 Huawei 3G SLOTFORMAT
34 Huawei 3G DLLDRRELTHD
35 Huawei 3G MAXTARGETULLOADFACTOR
36 Huawei 3G HSPAPOWER
37 Huawei 3G SM
38 Huawei 2G MAX PDCHRATE
39 Huawei 2G PDCHUP LEV
40 Huawei 2G P D CHD W NL E V
41 Huawei 2G UPDYNCHNTRANLEV
42 Huawei 2G DWNDYNCHNTRANLEV
43 Huawei 2G P SSe rv iceBusyThresho ld
44 Huawei 2G IDLESDTHRES
45 Huawei 2G TC H B U S Y T H R E S
46 Huawei 2G AMRTCHHPRIORALLOW
47 Huawei 2G AMRTCHHPRIORLOAD
48 Siemens 2G S D C C H C O N GT H
49 Siemens 2G H RAC TT 1 , HRA M RH RAC T1
50 Siemens 2G GPDPD TCHA
51 Siemens 2G G A S T RA B IS TH
52 Siemens 2G C H T Y P E = S D C C H (from TC H )
53 Siemens 2G C H T Y P E = TC H (from S D C C H )
54 Siemens 2G C H T Y P E = C C C H (from TC H )
55 Siemens 2G INIMCSDL
56 Nokia 2G btsSpLo adD epTchRateLo wer ( F R L )
57 Nokia 2G btsSpLo adD ep Tch RateU p pe r (FRU)
58 Nokia 2G am rSe g Lo adD ep TchRateLo we r (AFRL)
59 Nokia 2G am r S e gLo a dD e p Tch Rat e U p pe r (AFRU)
60 Nokia 2G hoMarginPbgt
61 Nokia 2G dedi c a te dGP RSC ap ac it y ( C D E D )
62 Nokia 2G de faultGP RSCapacity ( C D E F )
63 Nokia 2G egprsInitMcsAckMode (MCA)
64 Nokia 2G egprsInitMcsUnAckMode (MCU)
Category Purpose
Power Blocking Disable uplink call admission control algorithm
Power Blo cking Re d u c e D L Power Congestion & Increase H S Throughput
CE Blocking Disable 2ms TTI for HSUPA service
reduce Maximum number of retransmissions of the RRC

SPU Load
CONNECTION REQUEST message.E.g from 3 to 1
RTWP increase Threshold of selecting TTI 2ms for HSUPA
Overall 3G Radio Blocking Enable loose CAC algorithm for CS RAB
increase CELL-PCH inactivity timer for UEs enabled with the Fast
SPU Load
Dormancy feature
RTWP Reduce Uu Load & improve RTWP to increase CS Traffic
Power Blocking Increase ULTOTALEQUSERNUM (e.g from 160 to 180)
Code Blocking Reduce HSPDSCHMINCODENUM (e.g from 5 to 4)
Code Blocking Modify DLHOCECODERESVSF to lower SF (e.g from SF32 to SF 64)
Overall 3G Radio Blocking Increase HoASUtmr
RTWP Increase RLMAXDLPWR & RLMINDLPWR (eg: 0/-150 to 20/-130)
Overall 3G Radio Blocking time being increase SSEARCHRAT >0
HSDPA Throughput increase EAGCHCODENUM, E.g from 1 to 2
Power Blocking increase UlOlcTrigThd to 100 (while still in ALGORITHM_OFF)

Increase SMS Threshold e.g from SMPAGECTHD=85,SMPAGERTHD=75
Paging
to SMPAGECTHD=95,SMPAGERTHD=85;
RTWP Increase TrigRatiororUlRTWP e.g 75 to 90
decrease RLPower : RLMAXDLPWR,RLMINDLPWR (eg. 50,-100 to 0,-

Power Blocking
150 )
Code Blocking Set lower SF on ULHOCERESVSF& ULRRCCERESVSF e.g SF16->SF32
Overall 3G Radio Blocking set DLLDRTRIGTHD to lower value
HSDPA Throughput Change NodeB Resource allocation mode to Power Code Balance
Power Blocking Increase DL Power threshold for AMR
Power Blocking Increase DL Power threshold for Non-AMR
Power Blocking Increase DL Power threshold for Other
Power Blocking Increase DL Power threshold for HO
Power Blocking Increase DL Power Total threshold
Power/Code Blocking Rearange LDR Sequence

Change FACH SlotFormat to expand FACH Bandwidth using Higher
FACH Congestion
format ex : from D8 to D10
Overall 3G Radio Blocking set DLLDRTRIGTHD to lower value
HSUPA Throughput Increase UL Load Factor of HSUPA
HSDPA Throughput Increase HSDPA Power

HSDPA Throughput Change MACHSPARA SM to MAXCI
P D C H Blo cking Re d u c e P D C H blocking
P D C H Blo cking Re d u c e T B F congestion

S D C C H Blo cking Re d u c e S D C C H blocking
TC H Blo cking Re d u c e S D C C H & TC H blocking
S D C C H Blo cking Re d u c e S D C C H Blo cking

TC H Blo cking Re d u c e TC H Blo cking
Increase /decrease d y n a m i c P D C H allocation to re duce
P D C H Blo cking
P D C H Blo cking
Abis Blo cking Re d u c e A-bis pool blo cking in order to improve PDASR
Re d u c e S D C C H Blo cking with c h a n g e C h a n n e l Ty p e

S D C C H Blo cking
from TC H to S D C C H
Re d u c e TC H Blo cking with c h a n g e C h a n n e l Ty p e from
S D C C H Blo cking
S D C C H to TC H
Re so lve AG C H a n d PCH overload with c h a n g e C h a n n e l
S D C C H Blo cking
Ty p e from TC H to C C C H
PCU Load To reduce initial Co ding S c h e m e
P D C H Blo cking Re d u c e P D C H Blockin g
Applicable Condition
When Cell having Low accessibility due UL Power Congestion >0.5%
When Cel l h a v i n g Low accessibility d u e D L Power

Congestion > 0 . 5 %
When Cell having Low accessibility due UL Power Congestion >0.5%
High SPU Load due traffic increase >70%
UL CE Congestion, UL Power Congestion >0.5%
When Cell having Low accessibility due CS RAB Congestion >0.5%
High SPU Load due traffic increase >70%
Cell having high DCR CS with High RTWP indication
When Cell having Low accessibility due UL- Power Blocking for
Existing value is less than 200
When Cell having Low accessibility due Code Blocking >0.5%
When Cell having Low accessibility due Code Blocking >0.5%
when many cells is having High Drop CS due to ASU/SRB Reset
when cell is having High Drop CS due to RL/No Reply & Power
Blocking is low (suggest on cell with high power Capacity & DL
Power cong <0.5%)
when many cells is having High Drop CS due to interference, DCR
>1%
When HSUPA Throughput is low, suitable to optimize adhoc site such
as VIP site
Cell with High UL Power Cong (>0.5%)after Algorithm_OFF . To
implement many cell need consider Processor Load is low to
Medium (<70%)
RNC High Paging deletion (VS.Paging.FC.Disc.Num.CPUS)
Cell with High RTWP and no congestion issue
When Cell having Low accessibility due High DL Power Cong >0.5%
When Cell having Low accessibility due RRC.Rej.ULCE.Cong
Cell with High DL Power Blocking .To implement many cell need
consider Processor Load is low to Medium
When HSDPA Throughput is low, suitable to optimize adhoc site such

as VIP site
When Cell having Low accessibility due High DL Power Cong/Code

Cong >0.5%
Cong >0.5%
Cong >0.5%

Cong >0.5%

Cong >0.5%
When Cell having High FACH Congestion
Cell with High DL Power Blocking .To implement many cell need
consider Processor Load is low to Medium
Low Throughput in Cell Level

P D C H blocking d u e to no Convertable TC H s
P D C H blocking d u e to C E L L P D C H Ratio Thresh
P D C H blocking d u e to C E L L P D C H Ratio Thresh
TC H blocking & S D C C H , TC H blocking
S D C C H Utilization > 8 0 %
TC H Blo cking Rate > 1 %
P D C H Blo cking Rate > 1 %
Abis Pool Lo ss Rate > 0 . 5 %
S D C C H Blo cking > 0 . 5 %
TC H Bl ocki ng > 1 % A N D S D C C H Utilization < 5 0 %
P CH load + AG C H load > 8 0 %
PCU Load > 9 0 % a n d P D C H Blo cking Rate > 1 %

Cons
Noise will increase without adm issio n control Algorithm,

m i g ht increase RTWP/degrade EcNo
CS/P S C D R m a y increase on RN C h a s the poor

coverage, or the co verage radius is big, u s e higher
PILOTPO=8 on this condition
HSUPA Throughput will d e g r ad ed with only 1 0 m s TTI
lower v a l u e UE ex pe r ien ce s d i f i c u l t y a c c e s s i n g the

network when the Uu interface quality is poor or the
s y s t e m is overloaded
user pe rcei ve will d e gr a d e d with higher threshold to HO
from 1 0 m s to 2 m s TTI
PS se rvi ce setup s u c c e s s rate a n d the cell capa ci ty for
PS se rv i ces will de c rea se in the c a s e of cell resource
congestion
PS Total Tr a f i c will d ec rea se & R RC S R will statistically

d e g r a de d u e l e ss attempt
If v a l u e is larger, the cell capac i ty for uplink equivalent

user num be r (ENU) is large a n d more use rs will b e
adm itted
HSDPA Throughput will d e g r a d e d with lower P D S C H

Co de
d e g ra d i n g bitrate m i gh t occur while HO or R RC
SH O Overhead will b e d e g r a d e d
D L Power C o n g will increase
Tr a f i c a g g re s iv e l y to 2 G
higher v a l u e will waste downlink co des
im pact to processor load if too m a n y cells im pl em e nt ed

inc rease CPU Load
Might impact to c apa ci ty sin c e UE QOS will trigger to

TTI 2 m s in c a s e of overload
Fail d u e Uu No reply/RL fail will increase
d e g ra d i n g bitrate m i gh t occur while HO or R RC
SET
M ACH SPARA: LO CEL L =4 ,RS C A L LO CM =P OW ERCOD E_B AL
;
Noise will inc rease, m ight increase RTWP

Throughput
Throughput
Throughput
Throughput
Throughput
Throughput
TC H utilization
quality
quality
quality
Possible increase TC H Blocking

D e g r a d e d voice quality a n d SQI
Low throughput
Possible inc rease S D C C H Blocking
Low throughput
Command Sample
(O
MOD U C EL L A L G O S W ITC H : C E L L ID =x xxx x, N BM U L C A
SET
U FRC: PILO TP O=4 ,D LD P CH SF
SET
UCORRMALGOSWITCH:MAPSWITCH=MA
S E T UIDLEMODETIMER:
SET
UFRC:BEHSU PA2 MSTTIRAT
MOD U C E L L A L G O S W I TC H : C E L L I D = X X X X X ,
SET
UPSINACTTIMER:PSINACTTMRFO
MOD
UCELLHSDPCCH:CELLID=XXXXX,CQIFBC
MOD
U C E L L C A C : C E L L I D = X X X X X , U LT O
MOD
U C E L L H S D PA: C E L L I D = X X XX X , A L LO C C O D E M O
MOD
UCELLCAC:CELLID=31890,DLHO
S E T USTATETIMER:HOASU
MOD U C E L L R L P WR: R L M A X D L P W R=2

AD D
UCELLSELRESEL:CELLID=XXX
AD D
U C E L L H S U PA: C E L L I D = 3 1 8 9 0 , E
AD D
UCELLLDM:CELLID=31890,UL
SET
F C C P U T H D : B R D CL A S S = X P U , S M PAG E C
MOD
UCELLLDM:CELLID=XXXXX,TRIG
MOD
U C E L L R L P WR: R L M AX D L P W R=0
AD D
UCELLCAC:CELLID=31890,ULH
AD D
UCELLLDM:CELLID=31890,D
S E T M AC H SPARA: LO CE L L =4 ,R S C AL LO
MOD U C E L L C AC : C E L L I D = 1 ,
DLC
D LCON
DL
D
MOD U C E L L C AC : C E L L I D = 1 , D L C
MOD U C E L L L D R: C E L L I D = 1 ,
DLLDRFI
DLLDRSECON
MOD U C E L L L D R: C E L L I D = 1 , D L L D RT H I
MOD U C E L L L D R: C E L L I D = 1 , D L L D R F O U RT H AC T
D L LD RFIFTH ACTIO
DE A U C E L L : C E L L I D =
DE A U S C C P C H : C E L L I D = 3 0 7 0
RMV UFACHLOCH: C E L L I D = 3 0 7
RMV U FACHDYNTFS: C E L L I D = 3 0 7 0 6 , T R
RMV U FACHDYNTFS: C E L L I D = 3 0 7 0 6 , T R
RMV UFACH: C E L L I D = 3 0 7 0 6
RMV UFACH: C E L L I D = 3 0 7 0 6
RMV U S C C P C H:
CELLID=3070
AD D U S CC P CH B AS I C: C E L L I D = 3 0 7 0 6 , P H YC H I D = 9 , S C C P C H O F F S E T = 1 0 0 , S C
AD D U S C C P C H T F C : C E L L I D = 3 0 7 0 6 ,
AD D UFACH: C E L L I D = 3 0 7 0 6 , P H YC H I D = 9 , T RC H I D = 4 , RAT EM ATCHI NG ATTR=2 20 , T OAW S =
AD D UFACH: C E L L I D = 3 0 7 0 6 , P H YC H I D = 9 , T RC H I D = 5 , RAT EM ATCHI NG ATTR=1 30 , TOAWS
C H C O D I NGTY P E=T U
AD D U FAC H DY N T FS : C E L L I D = 3 0 7 0 6 , T RC H I D = 4 , R L C S I Z E = 1 6 8 , TFSNUMB
AD D U FAC H DY N T FS : C E L L I D = 3 0 7 0 6 , T RC H I D = 5 , R L C S I Z E = 3 6 0 , TFSNUMB
AD D UFACHLOCH: C E L L I D = 3 0 7
ACT U S C C P C H : C E L L I D = 3 0 7 0
ACT U C E L L :
CELLID=3
AD D
UCELLLDM:CELLID=31890,D
MOD UCELLHSUPA: C e l l I d = 1 ,
MAXTARG
MOD U CE L L H SD PA: Ce l l I d = 1 ,
S E T M AC H SPARA: LO CE L L =1
S E T G C E L L P S C H M : I D T Y P E = BY I D ,
CELLID
SET
G C E L L P S C H M : I D T Y P E = BY I D , C E L L
SET
G C E L L P S C H M : I D T Y P E = BY I D , C E L L I D
S E T G C E L L P S C H M : I D T Y P E = BY I D , C E L L I D =
S E T G C E L L P S C H M : I D T Y P E = BY I D , C E L L I D = 1
SET
G C E L L P S C H M : I D T Y P E = BY I D , C E L L I D = 1 , P S
SET
G C E L L C H M G B A S I C : I D T Y P E = BY I D , C E
S E T G C E L L C H M G A D : I D T Y P E = BY I D , C E L L
SET
G C E L L C H M G A D : ID T Y P E = BY I D , C E L L I D = 1 , A M RTC H H P R
SET
G C E L L C H M G A D : ID T Y P E = BY I D , C E L L I D = 1 , A M RTC H H P R
Equipment Te c h Parameter Nam e Category
Huawei 3G BeH s u p a2m s TT I ra t eth d RTWP
Huawei 3G CQI FbCk, CQIFbCkforSHO RTWP
Huawei 3G RLMA XDL PWR & RLMINDLPWR RTWP
Huawei 3G TrigRatioforUlRTWP RTWP

Purpose Applicable Condition
in creas e Thresh old of s elect in g TTI 2 m s for HSUPA UL C E Congest ion, UL Power Congestion > 0 . 5 %
Re d u c e Uu Load & improve RTWP to in creas e C S Tr a f i c Cell h a v i n g h ig h D C R C S with H ig h RTWP indication
when cell is h a v i n g H ig h Drop C S d u e to RL/No Re p l y &

In creas e RL MAXDLP WR & RLMINDLPWR ( eg : 0/-150 to 20/-
Power Blo cking is low ( s u g g es t on cell with h ig h power
130)
C ap a ci t y & D L Power con g < 0 . 5 % )
In creas e TrigRatiororUlRTWP e . g 7 5 to 9 0 Cell with H ig h RTWP a n d no congestion is s u e

Cons C o m m a n d S a m p l e (Optional)
user p erceive will d eg ra d ed with hig her threshold to HO
S E T U F RC : B E H S U PA 2 M S T T I RAT E T H S = D1 0 2 4 ;
from 1 0 m s to 2 m s TTI
MOD
U C E L L H S D P C C H : C E L L I D = X X X X X , C Q I F BC K = D 2 0 , C Q I F BC K F O
RSHO=D20
D L Power C o n g will in creas e MOD U C E L L RL P W R: R L M A X DL P W R=2 0 , RL M I N D L PW R=- 1 3 0
Might imp a ct to ca p a ci t y s in ce UE QOS will trigger to TTI MOD

2 m s in c a s e of overload U C E L L L D M : C E L L I D =X X X X X , T R I G RAT I O F O R U L RT W P =7 3 ;
Equipment Te c h Parameter N a m e Category
Hua wei 3G EAGCHCODENUM HSDPA Throughput
Hua wei 3G RSCALLOCM HSDPA Throughput
Hua wei 3G MAXTARGETULLOADFACTOR HSUPA Throughput
Hua wei 3G HSPAPOWER HSDPA Throughput
Hua wei 3G SM HSDPA Throughput

Purpose Applicable Condition
When HSUPA Throughput is low, suitable to optimize adhoc
increase EAGCHCODENUM, E.g from 1 to 2
site such as VIP site
When HSDPA Throughput is low, suitable to optimize adhoc

Change NodeB Resource allocation mode to Power Code Balance
site such as VIP site
Increase UL Load Factor of HSUPA Low Throughput in Cell Level
Increase HSDPA Power Low Throughput in Cell Level
Change MACHSPARA SM to MAXCI Low Throughput in Cell Level

Cons C o m m a n d Sa m pl e (Optional)
highe r va lue will waste downlink c ode s A D D U C EL L H S U PA: C E L LI D = 3 1 8 9 0 , E AG C H C OD E N U M = 2 ;
SET
MAC H S PA RA: LO C EL L = 4,R S C A LLO C M= P O W E S E T MAC H S PA RA: LOC EL L= 4 ,R S C A L LOC M= P O W ERC O D E_ B A L;
RCO D E_B A L;
MOD UC ELLHS UPA: C e l l I d= 1 , MA X TA R G ET U LLOA D FAC T OR = 90;
MOD U C E LLH S D PA: C e l l I d= 1 , H s pa Po we r= 0;
S E T M AC H S PA RA: LOC ELL= 1 ,S M= M A XC I ;

3G Optimization

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3G Optimization

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RNO

Iub Blocking/Iub H i g h Util Verify Iub BW setting in Node-B a n d in RNC.

D L- Power Blo cking/DL - Power H i g h Util Physical Audit

UL- Power Blocking Physical Audit

Co de Blocking Physical Audit

Physical Audit C E lice nse and/or board u p g r ad e

Physical Audit Iub BW u p g r a d e

Modify D L C AC param eters set to

Increase ULTOTALEQUSERNUM ( e . g from Turn-off NBM ULCACALGOSELSWITCH

Modify D L H O C E C O D E R E S V S F to lower Re d u c e HSPDSCHMINCODENUM ( e . g

Modify L D R threshold. S e t s involved : U C EL L L D M ,

Modify FTI to reduce Active Factor. S e t s involved :

A proper u s e of C E resources i n c rea se s the n u m b e r of UE s that c a n b e admitted a n d imp ro ve s the s e r vic e

Basic Channel Element Concepts

If only 3 . 4 kbit/s si gn a li n g t r a f i c is carried on a D C H or HSPA ch an n e l, one C E still n e e d s to b e co n su m e d .

To facilitate b a s e b a n d resource m a n a g e m e n t , NodeB b a s e b a n d resou rces fall into UL a n d D L resource

Rules for Calculating C E

R99 Service CE Consumption

After dete rmin in g the S F , the R N C s e a rc h e s the C E consumption m a p p i n g listed below

R a t e (kbit s) SF Number of C Es Corresponding

Transport C h a n n e l Tr a f i c Volum e b e c o m es larger than a n absolute threshold

The UE T x power b e c o m e s larger than a n absolute threshold; start co m pressed m o de

T h e UE position c h a n g e s more than a n absolute threshold

Note 3 : I u s e d the following formula ex p l a i n e d in Cod e Ra te section.

CQI is carried b y PUCCH or PUSCH d e p e n d i n g on the situation a s follows.

Carried b y PUCCH : Periodic CQI

< Two Important CQI Ta b le >

1 ) For trans mission m od e s 1, 2, 3 a n d 5, a s well a s trans mission mo d e s 8 , 9 a n d 1 0 without PMI/RI report

For t r a f i c b a l a n c i n g u s i n g H O D C S - D C S / G S M - G S M : m e a n s s a m e layer, you c a n u s i n g P BGT HO p a r a m e t e r D C S - G S M

l 1: The MS must report the allowed measurement report of a neighbor

l 2: The MS must report the allowed measurement report of two neighb

l 3: The MS must report the allowed measurement report of three neigh

l If the traffic of each band is approximately equal, and operators do

ADDITIONAL RESELECT consists of 1 bit. In SI3, it is meaningless, and equipment

l When ADDITIONAL RESELECT is configured to Y, the meaning is that the

The cell reselection parameter indicator (CELL_RESELECT_PARAM_IND) is used in inform

1) The cell reselection offset (CRO) is in decimal, with unit of dB. It

2) The temporary offset (TO) is in decimal, with unit of dB. It ranges

1) When the communication quality is bad due to heavy traffic or other

HSN is in decimal, ranging from 0 to 63, wherein:

Th i s section introduces the me th od s to h an d l e S D C C H congestion a n d TC H c on g

You c a n c h e c k if the S D C C H t r a f i c a n d TC H t r a f i c are normal throug

When a carrier configured in a multi-TRX cell cannot provide se r v i ce s

For e d g e handove r, the hando ve r triggering condition is that the R x

4) It is estima ted that the C D U u p link c h an n e l loss is great, or t

T h e s e technologies c a n b e u s e d to red u ce the s y s t e m noise a n d e n h

C a s e 4: Call drop c ause d b y clock problem

To red u ce interference between neighbor cells, the power control of MS is restri

UL- Power Blocking

Physical Audit (involving TP an a ly s is)

Physical Audit (involving TP an a ly s is)

C S Blo cking & Non PS blocking

PS Blo cking & Non C S blocking

C S Blo cking & PS bloc king

S D C C H blocking & Non TC H Blo cking

TC H Blo cking & Non S D C C H blocking

TC H Blo cking & S D C C H blocking

PS Blo cking - > d u e to no Convertable TC H s

PS B l o c k i n g - > d u e to C E L L P D C H Ratio Thresh

PS B l o c k i n g - > d u e to Activated P D C H s Re a c h e s Board

PS Bl o cki n g- >Abis Timeslot is Available for Use

c h e c k c ha n n e l availability rate & Abis transmission availiblity

c h e c k c ha n n e l availability rate & Abis transmission availiblity