Documents of American History
3. To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and
among the several States, and with the Indian tribes;
4. To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and
uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies, throughout
the United States;
5. To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of
foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and mea-
sures;
6. To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting
the securities and current coin of the United States;
7. To establish post offices and post roads;
8. To promote the progress of science and useful arts,
by securing, for limited times, to authors and inventors,
the exclusive right to their respective writings and dis-
coveries;
9. To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme
Court;
10. To define and punish piracies and felonies, com-
mitted on the high seas, and offences against the law of
nations;
11. To declare war, grant letters of marque and re-
prisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and
water;
12. To raise and support armies; but no appropriation
of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two
years;
13. To provide and maintain a navy;
14. To make rules for the government and regulation
of the land and naval forces;
15. To provide for calling forth the militia to execute
the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel
invasions;
16
Temporary provision; “persons” refers to slaves.
44
16. To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplin-
ing the militia, and for governing such part of them as
may be employed in the service of the United States,
reserving to the States respectively the appointment of
the officers, and the authority of training the militia,
according to the discipline prescribed by Congress;
17. To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases what-
soever, over such district (not exceeding ten miles square)
as may, by cession of particular States, and the acceptance
of Congress, become the seat of the Government of the
United States, and to exercise like authority over all
places, purchased by the consent of the legislature of the
State in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts,
magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and other needful build-
ings;—And
18. To make all laws which shall be necessary and
proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers,
and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the
Government of the United States, or in any department or
officer thereof.
SECTION 9. Powers Denied to Congress
[1. The migration or importation of such persons as
any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit,
shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year
one thousand eight hundred and eight; but a tax or duty
may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten
dollars for each person.]16
2. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be
suspended, unless when, in cases of rebellion or invasion,
the public safety may require it.
3. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be
passed.
4. No capitation, or other direct tax, shall be laid,
unless in proportion to the census or enumeration herein
before directed to be taken.
5. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported
from any State.