Models Isa reproduction of a real thing in a small scale, or large scale, or exact size—but made of synthetic materials. Substitute for a real thing which may or may not be operational. Mock-up Isan arrangement of a real device or associated devices. Special model where the parts of a model can be manipulated. specimen Isitem considered typical of a group, class or a whole any individual. Objects Include artifacts displayed in a museum or objects displayed in exhibits or preserved insect specimen in science. Simulation Representation of a manageable real event in which the learner is an active participant engaged in learning behavior or in applying previously acquired skills or knowledge. Examples: Election of class Earthquake drills Games Purpose of games: 1. to practice knowledge/skills already acquired 2. to identify gaps in knowledge or skills. 3. to serve as a summation or review. 4. to develop new relationships among concepts and principles. Why do we make use of contrived experiences? to overcome limitations of space and time to “edit” reality to overcome difficulties of size to understand the accessible help the learners understand abstractions What is the difference between mock-up and models? What is the difference between simulation and games? Are contrived experiences visual or audio? Or are they multisensory?