1547 Series Standards

National Standard for Interconnecting Distributed

Generation with Electrical Power Systems (EPS)

Presented by
TIJANI, HAFEEZ OLASUNKANMI

LECTURER: DR. TAN CHEE WEI

FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING,
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
http://www.facebook.com/thafeezolasunkanmi
 OVERVIEW
• IEEE 1547 series are standards for interconnecting
distribution resources with electric power systems which
helps utilities tap surplus electricity from alternative
sources.

• The standard establishes technical requirements for

electric power systems interconnecting with distributed
generators such as fuel cells, photovoltaic, micro-turbine,
reciprocating engines, wind generators, large turbines,
and other local generators.

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 OVERVIEW (2)
• These standards was developed under IEEE Standards
Coordinating Committee 21 (SCC21) on Fuel Cells,
Photovoltaic, Dispersed Generation, and Energy
Storage.

• The development of 1547 has included arduous debate

and scrutiny by hundreds of dedicated and experienced
members of IEEE.

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 INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS THE MEANING OF IEEE?
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE).
• IEEE – is an international technical professional society
• More than 375,000 members from 150 countries
• One of the pre-eminent standards bodies
• Advances the theory and application of electro-technologies and
allied sciences
• Produces over 30% of world’s published literatures in electrical
engineering, computers, and controls.
• IEEE standards are recognized nationally and worldwide.

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 INTRODUCTION:
WHAT IS IEEE 1547?
.

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IEEE 1547 INTERCONNECTION TERMS

Note: There can be any number of EPSs. 6

 IEEE 1547 DEFINITIONS
 Distributed generator (DG) - An Electric generation facilities connected to
an Area EPS through a PCC; a subset of DR.

 Distributed resources (DR) - sources of electric power that are not

directly connected to a bulk power transmission system. DR includes both
generator and energy storage technologies.

 Electric power system (EPS) - facilities that deliver power to a load.

 Area EPS - An EPS that serves local EPSs.

 Local EPS - An EPS entirely within a single premises or a group of

premises.

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 IEEE 1547 DEFINITIONS (2)
 Interconnection - is the result of the process of adding a DR unit to
an area EPS.
 Interconnection equipment – refers to individual or multiple
devices used in an interconnection system.
 Interconnection system - is the collection of all interconnection
equipment, taken as a group, used to interconnect a DR unit(s) to an
area EPS.
 Point of common coupling (PCC) - is the point where a local EPS
is connected to the Area EPS.
 Point of DR connection - refers to the point where a DR unit is
electrically connected in an EPS.

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WHY STANDARD IEEE1547?

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10
 Functional diagram of an interconnection
system

Fig. A functional block diagram of interconnection system (including special configuration)

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 IEEE 1547 SERIES
The IEEE 1547 series of existing, published standards are:
 IEEE Std 1547™(2003), (reaffirmed 2008) - IEEE Standard for
Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems

 IEEE Std 1547.1™(2005) - IEEE Standard Conformance Test Procedures

for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power
Systems

 IEEE Std 1547.2™(2008) - IEEE Application Guide for IEEE Std 1547™,
IEEE Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric
Power Systems

 IEEE Std 1547.3™(2007) - IEEE Guide for Monitoring, Information

Exchange, and Control of Distributed Resources Interconnected with
Electric Power Systems

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 IEEE 1547 SERIES (CONTD.)
The IEEE SCC21 1547 series of standards development projects that are
currently underway are as follows:
 IEEE P1547.4™ - Draft Guide for Design, Operation, and Integration of
Distributed Resource Island Systems with Electric Power Systems.

 IEEE P1547.5™ - Draft Technical Guidelines for Interconnection of Electric

Power Sources Greater Than 10 MVA to the Power Transmission Grid;

 IEEE P1547.6™ - Draft Recommended Practice for Interconnecting

Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems Distribution Secondary
Network;

 IEEE P1547.7™ - Draft Guide to Conducting Distribution Impact Studies for

Distributed Resource Interconnection.

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14
 IEEE STANDARD 1547.1
• IEEE Std 1547.1 (Standard for Conformance Test Procedures) …-- this standard
specifies the type, production, and commissioning tests that shall be
performed to demonstrate that interconnection functions and equipment of a
distributed resource (DR) conform to IEEE Std 1547.
• Interconnection System

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 IEEE STANDARD 1547.2
IEEE 1547.2 application guide to 1547 - offers alternate approaches –e.g., practical
applications guidance, tips, techniques and rules of thumb for applying IEEE 1547
to specific interconnection situations on specific utility distribution feeders.
Industry identified this as critically important practical companion to 1547.

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 IEEE STANDARD 1547.3
IEEE1547.3 - guide to information exchange, monitoring and control for DR:
alternate approaches – e.g., guidance for power industry
communications/specific cases of DR interconnection situations

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 P1547.4 GUIDE FOR DR ISLAND
SYSTEMS
BACKGROUND: OPERATING CONCEPTS FOR THE DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM
• Radial Distribution System: The most common type of connection
between utility and load. Power only flows from utility to load.
• Microgrid or Intentional Island: Aggregation of loads and sources capable
of operating either in parallel with or to end users. Depending on
configuration, power flows only within microgrid or can export power to
utility. Independent from a larger electric grid, while providing continuous
power.
• Networked Distribution System w/ 2-way power flow: Distribution in
which the secondaries of the distribution transformers are connected in a
grid, typically energized at the customers’ utilization voltage, to serve
multiple loads.
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 IEEE 1547
SERIES
TITLE
IEEE Std 1547TM (2003) - Standard
for Interconnecting Distributed
Resources with Electric Power Systems
IEEE Std 1547.1 (2005) - Standard
for Conformance Test Procedures for
Equipment Interconnecting Distributed
Resources with Electric Power Systems
SCOPE
stated requirements are universally needed
for interconnection of distributed resources
that include both distributed generators as
well as energy storage systems, including
synchronous machines, induction
machines, or power inverters/converters and
will be sufficient for most installations.
Specifies the type, production, and
commissioning tests that shall be performed
to demonstrate that interconnection
functions and equipment of a distributed
resource (DR) conform to IEEE Std 1547.
These test procedures must provide both
repeatable results, independent of test
location, and flexibility to accommodate a
variety of DR technologies.
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 provides tips, techniques, and rules of
P1547.2 TM Draft Application Guide
for IEEE Standard 1547 for thumb, and it addresses topics related to
Interconnecting Distributed Resources distributed resource project implementation
with Electric Power Systems to enhance the user's understanding of how
IEEE Std 1547 may relate to those topics.

provides guidelines for monitoring,

IEEE Std 1547.3 TM (2007) Guide for
Monitoring, Information Exchange and
Control of Distributed Resources
Interconnected with Electric Power
Systems
information exchange, and control for
distributed resources (DR) interconnected
with electric power systems (EPS). It
facilitates the interoperability of one or more
distributed resources interconnected with
electric power systems and describes
functionality, parameters and methodologies
for monitoring, information exchange and
control for the systems.

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IEEE P1547.4 TM Draft Guide for
Design, Operation, and Integration of
Distributed Resource Island Systems
with Electric Power Systems
IEEE P1547.5 Draft Technical
Guidelines for Interconnection of
Electric Power Sources Greater Than
10 MVA to the Power Transmission
Grid
provides alternative approaches and good
practices for the design, operation, and
integration of DR island systems with EPS,
with the ability to separate from and
reconnect to part of the area EPS while
providing power to the islanded EPSs.
provides guidelines regarding the technical
requirements, including design,
construction, commissioning acceptance
testing, and, maintenance performance
requirements, for interconnecting
dispatchable electric power sources with a
capacity of more than 10 MVA to a bulk
power transmission grid.
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 recommends criteria, requirements and
tests, and provides guidance for
interconnection of distribution secondary
IEEE P1547.6 Draft Recommended network system types of area EPS with
Practice for Interconnecting distributed resources providing electric
Distributed Resources With Electric
power generation in local electric power
Power Systems Distribution Secondary
Networks systems (local EPS). And includes
performances, operation, testing, safety
considerations, and maintenance of the
interconnection.

describes criteria, scope, methodology and

extent for engineering studies of the impact
IEEE P1547.7™, Draft Guide to
on area electric power systems of a
Conducting Distribution Impact Studies
for Distributed Resource
distributed resource or aggregate
Interconnection distributed resource interconnected to an
area electric power distribution system.

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 INTERCONNECTION TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS
General requirements
• Voltage Regulation
• Integration with Area EPS
Grounding
• Synchronization
• DR on Secondary Grid and Spot
Networks
• Inadvertent Energizing of the Area
EPS
• Monitoring Provisions
• Isolation Device
• Interconnect Integrity
Islanding
• Unintentional Islanding
• Intentional Islanding
Response to Area EPS Abnormal
Conditions
• Area EPS Faults
• Frequency
• Voltage
• Loss of Synchronism
• Area EPS Reclosing Coordination
• Reconnection to Area EPS
Power Quality
• Limitation of DC Injection
• Limitation of Voltage Flicker induced
by the Distribution Resources
• Harmonics
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 Interconnection Test specifications
and requirements
Design Test
.• Abnormal voltage and frequency
• Unintentional Islanding
• Limitation of DC injection
• Synchronization
• Interconnection integrity
• Harmonics
Interconnection Installation
Evaluation
• Grounding Integration with area EPS
• Isolation Device
• Monitoring provisions
• Area EPS faults
• Area EPS reclosing coordination
Production Test
To meet requirements of:
• response to abnormal voltage and
frequency
• synchronization
• may be performed at the factory or at
time of commissioning
Commissioning Test
• Visual Inspection
• Operability test on the isolation device
• Unintentional islanding functionality test
• Cease to energize functionality test
Periodic Interconnection Test
• All interconnection-related protective
functions and associated batteries
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 IEEE 1547- BENEFITS

Standards Development, Validation, and Usefulness of IEEE 1547

􀂾
Accelerates engineering advances & implementation,
interoperability, and installation;
Assists increased quality and reliability achievement;
Simplifies compliance to needs, permitting, & rules;
Promotes advanced communications; software platforms
interchangeability;
Enables enhanced DR systems and grid intelligence;
Lower cost and quicker deployment for projects.
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 IEEE 1547- BENEFITS (CONTD.)

Safeguards against hazards;

Fosters quality design and manufacture;
Increases competitiveness in industry and expands markets;
Facilitates Trade and Commerce;
Assurance is provided when products meet quality standards, then
users need not be concerned with further testing or evaluation of the
product.

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 AREA OF APPLICATION
The following diagrams show seven common types of DR applications that requires
interconnection systems using IEEE 1547 standard
 Reciprocating engine/combustion turbine used for emergency/backup power

 This is the most common type of DR interconnection system and, in case of failure (i.e., of the
area EPS), an automatic transfer switch breaks the connection with the area EPS and then makes
the connection with the DR.
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• Reciprocating engine/combustion turbine used for premium power

In this case, DR is used to provide premium power, which is free of power-quality

problems such as frequency variations, voltage transients, dips, and surges. Power of
such quality is not available directly from the area EPS. Thus, requires auxiliary power-
conditioning equipment (including uninterruptible power supplies) and emergency or
standby power. A transfer switch or paralleling switchgear is also required.

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 Reciprocating engine/combustion turbine used as a dispatchable peaker

Some interconnection equipment manufacturers have designed systems in which backup

systems can be converted to allow them to be dispatchable. This system allows the DR
owner or the area EPS operator to run the unit on demand. Currently, most dispatchable
systems use a local area EPS remote terminal unit to communicate to the DR.

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 Microturbine used for prime power, as a peaking unit, or for power export

Most micro-turbines use inverter-based interconnection systems. This unit employs the
use of software algorithms to provide functions such as protective relaying.

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 Fuel cell with inverter

Most fuel cells are used to produce premium power and use inverter-based
interconnection systems. These units use software algorithms to provide functions such
as protective relaying.

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 PV system with inverter

Small PV systems use inverter-based interconnection systems, and some state public utility
commissions require utilities to allow for net-metering systems.

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 Wind turbine with generator

Although, large wind turbines and multiple-wind turbine “wind farms” do not fit the
definition of DR because they are directly connected to the transmission system via a
dedicated substation or portion of a transmission substation. They are more like central-
station power plants. Smaller wind turbines typically use inverters. Figure shows a wind
turbine system with net metering.

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 REFERENCES
• IEEE Application Guide for IEEE Std 1547™, IEEE Standard for
Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems
• Tom Basso, Dick DeBlasio ; IEEE 1547 Overview, DOE High-Tech Inverter
Workshop Codes and Standards Development October 13 –14, 2004
• Thomas S. Basso; IEEE 1547 Series of Standards: Interconnection Issues
• T. Basso, N.R. Friedman; IEEE 1547 National Standard for Interconnecting
Distributed Generation: How Could It Help My Facility?, NREL/JA-560-
34875 November 2003.
• Tom Basso and Mike Coddington; 1547 Interconnection Standards,
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) South Dakota PUC Staff
Workshop March 18-19, 2008
• T. Basso and R. DeBlasio; Advancing Smart Grid Interoperability and
Implementing NIST's Interoperability Roadmap Conference Paper
NREL/CP-550-47000, April 2010

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