An In-Depth Review of the IEEE

P1547 (Revision) Draft Standard

Session 1: Context and Overview

David Narang and Mark Siira

IEEE Smart Grid Tutorial

January 18, 2018

NREL/PR-5D00-70773
 Disclaimer

This presentation and discussion on IEEE

1547 are views of the individuals and are
not the formal position, explanation, or
position of the IEEE.

2
 IEEE Std. 1547 Tutorial Outline
An In-Depth Look at the Draft Revised 1547 Standard
Four 1-Hour Sessions
Session 1—Thursday, January 18, 3:30 p.m. ET
– Summary of IEEE 1547
Session 2—Tuesday, January 23, 3:30 p.m. ET
– In-Depth Overview of IEEE 1547 Requirements – Part 1
Session 3—Friday, January 26, 3:30 p.m. ET
– In-Depth Overview of IEEE 1547 Requirements – Part 2
Session 4—Tuesday, January 30, 3:30 p.m. ET
– Overview of the important concepts and requirements for
verification and testing of DER interconnected to the grid.

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 IEEE Std. 1547 Tutorial Agenda
Session 1: Context and Overview

Summary look at the draft revised

IEEE 1547 standard
• Related standards development
• IEEE P1547 summary of changes
• Technical requirements
• Test and verification requirements.
• IEEE P1547 status/timeline.

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 Standards Development:
Distributed Energy Resources

Standards Development Flow

IEEE SCC21
Fuel cells, photovoltaics, energy
storage, and dispersed generation

Smart Grid
Interconnect
Interoper- Solar PV
-ion Series
ability
1547 2030 Energy
Series Series storage

5
 Standards Development
Disruptive Innovation

Modular design
Microgrids and Comprehensive Communications
rules for electric
power system energy storage verification - 5G wireless
established - Enhanced - Reduce long-term risk - Reliable/low-latency
- Interconnection
availability and - Stakeholder alignment - Internet of Things
resiliency reality
- Interoperability
- Transmission and
distribution Grid-interactive DER Eliminate redundant Interactive smart grid
monitoring and - Voltage and functions 1. Detect and respond
control - System-wide view to events
frequency regulation
- Data analytics - Ride-through - Collaboration among 2. Predict, optimize
- Intentional islands stakeholders function.

Today

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7

IEEE 1547: Interconnection Is the Focus

Key
IEEE 1547 covers: Concept
• Interconnection technical specifications and requirements
• Interconnection test specifications and requirements.

Interconnection System
Scope of IEEE 1547

Distributed Communications interface Area

Energy Electric
Resource Power interface Power
(DER) System
(EPS)

Interconnection system: The collection of all interconnection equipment and functions, taken as a group, used to interconnect DERs to an
area EPS. Note: In addition to the power interface, DERs should have a communications interface.
Interface: A logical interconnection from one entity to another that supports one or more data flows implemented with one or more data links
Interoperability: The capability of two or more networks, systems, devices, applications, or components to externally exchange and readily
use information securely and effectively.
IEEE 1547 Interconnection Standards Example Use in United States

IEEE 1547
Interconnection IEEE 1547.1 UL 1741*
System and Test Conformance Test
Requirements Interconnection NFPA70
Procedures
Equipment
• Utility interactive tests Safety and (NEC)
• Voltage Regulation • Islanding • Article 690 PV
Performance
• Ride-through • Reconnection Systems
Certification
• Grounding • O/U Voltage and • Article 705:
• Disconnects • 1547.1 Tests interconnection
Frequency
• Construction systems (shall be
• Interoperability • Synchronization suitable per intended
• Islanding • Protection against
• EMI use per UL1741)
risks of injury to
• Etc. • Surge Withstand Other articles:
persons
• DC injection • Rating, marking • 480 Storage Batteries
• Harmonics • Specific tests for
• 692 Fuel Cell Systems

various technologies • 694 Wind Electric

(NEC info. Based on NEC 2011)

Local interconnection
processes and standards
*UL 1741 supplements and is to be used in conjunction
8 with IEEE 1547/1547.1
9

IEEE 1547 Uses

• A technical standard—functional requirements
• A single (whole) document of mandatory, uniform,
universal, requirements that apply at the point of
common coupling (PCC)/point of connection (PoC)
IEEE 1547 is:
• Technology neutral—i.e., it does not specify particular
equipment or type
• Should be sufficient for most installations

• A design handbook
• An application guide
IEEE 1547 is
• An interconnection agreement
not:
• Prescriptive—i.e., it does not address demand-
response self-protection or planning, designing,
operating, or maintaining the area EPS
Timeline of P1547 Formation
March 2014: P1547 Program Authorization Request
(PAR) approved
November 2014: Working group meeting, coalesce filtered
subset of topics into six subgroups for
action
February 2017: Working group meeting, draft revision
content stable, vote, and final refinements
before balloting
May–Dec 2017: IEEE-SA public balloting

More than 120 industry experts in the working group have been
meeting via phone weekly for more than a year to develop
consensus language, and the working group has had 10 in-person
meetings. Through their dedicated efforts, the balloting stage is
complete.

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Organization of IEEE P1547 Working Group

Scope Subgroup Lead Alternate Lead(s) Facilitator(s)
(Vice Chair)

Overall document, D. Narang, NREL J. Boemer, EPRI C. Vartanian, Mitsubishi

Annexes Chair Vice Chair Secretary
Tom Basso
Previous Chair
Voltage regulation B. Enayati, National Grid J. Berdner, Enphase A. Huque, EPRI
Vice Chair
Response to abnormal J. Berdner, Enphase B. Enayati, National J. Boemer, EPRI
grid conditions Vice Chair Grid R. Walling, WES
Interoperability and B. Fox, SUNSPEC B. Seal, EPRI F. Cleveland
communications Vice Chair W. Stec (Distregen)
Special interconnections, C. Vartanian, MEPPI M. Ropp, NPPT M. Coddington, NREL
islanding, intentional Secretary L. Casey, Google D. Mungovan, ConEd
islanding, storage, etc. R. Bravo, SCE

Interconnection/interoper- M. Siira, Comrent W. Stec (Distregen) W. Stec

ability test specifications Vice Chair M. Ropp, NPPT
and requirements, J. Piekarz, NG
modeling and simulation

Power quality, area EPS B. Enayati, National Grid M.Page, Southern Mike Ropp, Chris Rowe
microgrids Co. (formerly Enphase)
IEEE P1547 Scope and Purpose
PAR Approved by IEEE-SA Standards Board on March 27, 2014

Title: Draft Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability

of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric
Power Systems Interfaces

Scope: This standard establishes criteria and requirements for

the interconnection of DERs with EPS and associated interfaces.

Purpose: This document provides a uniform standard for the

interconnection and interoperability of DERs with EPS. It provides
requirements relevant to the interconnection and interoperability
performance, operation, testing, safety, maintenance, and
security considerations.

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 Grid Planning and Operation Challenges
Increasing DER Penetration Was a Major Driver for Revising IEEE 1547.

 Grid performance support

 Ride-through, stabilizing frequency

response, voltage support  Safety and reliability: Do no harm.

 Anti-islanding, no interference with

primary voltage regulation

Interconnection requirements for DERs should also adequately

address transmission and distribution system needs. Coordination
with national and regional bulk power system regulators as well as
state authorities is needed.

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IEEE 1547: Timeline of Major Changes

Graphics source: Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)

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 Major 1547 Revision Achievements
• Performance categories established
• More coordinated operation under normal
conditions
• Grid support under abnormal conditions
• New guidance for interoperability
• New guidance for intentional islands
• Testing requirements completely revised to
address new capabilities
– Strikes a balance between needs for large and
small installations.

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Performance Category Approach

Ride-
Through

Category Category
I A
Voltage
Regulation
Authorities
Governing
DER Category Interconnection
Category B
Vendors II
Requirements
(AGIR)1

Category
III
1 Regulatory agencies, public utility commissions,
municipalities, cooperative governing boards, etc.
Market Analysis
• Costs Impact Assessment and Stakeholder Engagement
• Market segment, etc. • Technical conditions: Type, capacity, and future penetrations
of DERs, type of grid configuration, etc.
• Nontechnical issues: DER use case, impacts on environment,
emissions, and sustainability, etc.
Source: P1547™/D7.3 Draft Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy
Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces (Fig B-1)
 Points of Applicability

Key
Concept

Source: P1547/D7.3 Draft Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed

Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces
Voltage and reactive/active power control function requirements
for DER normal operating performance categories.
DER Category Cat A Cat B
Voltage regulation by reactive power control
Constant power factor mode Mandatory Mandatory
Voltage—reactive power mode
Mandatory Mandatory
(“volt-var”)
Active power—reactive power mode
Not required Mandatory
(“watt-var”)
Constant reactive power mode
Mandatory Mandatory
(“reactive power priority”)
Voltage and active power control
Voltage—active power mode
Not required Mandatory
(“volt-watt”)
• The DER shall be capable of activating any of these modes individually.
• Adjustable constant power factor mode with unity power factor setting shall be the default mode of the
installed DER unless otherwise specified by the area EPS operator.
• The area EPS operator shall specify the required voltage regulation control modes and the corresponding
parameter settings. Modifications of the settings and mode selected by the EPS operator shall be
implemented by the DER operator.
Source: P1547/D7.3 Draft Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed
Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces (Table 6)
 Voltage and Frequency Ride-Through
Foundations for Voltage and Frequency Ride-Through Requirements
under Area EPS Abnormal Conditions
Requirement Abnormal Foundation/Harmonization Considerations
operating
performance
Category
Voltage ride- Category I German grid code for medium- • Essential bulk system needs
through voltage-connected synchronous • Attainable by all state-of-the-art
generator-based DERs DER technologies.
Category II North American Electric Reliability • All bulk system stability/reliability
Corporation (NERC) PRC-024-2 but needs
without stability exception, extended • Coordinated with existing reliability
low-voltage ride-through duration for standards to avoid tripping for a
65%–88% Vnom wider range of disturbances
*Based on EPRI white paper (May 2015). • Considering fault-induced delayed
voltage recovery.
Category III California Rule 21 and Hawaii, minor • All bulk system needs
modifications • Distribution system reliability/power
quality needs
• Considering fault-induced delayed
voltage recovery
• Coordinated with existing
requirements for very high DER
levels
Frequency All categories California Rule 21 and Hawaii, exceeds • All bulk system needs
ride-through (harmonized) PRC-024-2 • Low inertia grids.
*Based on EPRI white paper (May 2015).

Based on P1547/D7.3 Draft Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of

19 Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces
 Interoperability
The capability of two or more networks, systems, devices, applications, or
components to externally exchange and readily use information securely and
effectively (IEEE 2030).

Key
Concept
Power Systems

Distributed Energy Systems and

Resources Applications

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Interoperability
Mandatory communications capability
– A DER shall have provisions for a local DER interface capable of communicating to
support the information exchange requirements specified in this standard for all
applicable functions that are supported in the DER.

Information to be exchanged:
– Nameplate: This information is indicative of the as-built characteristics of the
DERs. This information may be read.
– Configuration: This information is indicative of the present capacity and ability of
the DERs to perform functions. This information may be read or written.
– Monitoring: This information is indicative of the present operating conditions of
the DERs. This information may be read.
– Management: This information is used to update the functional and mode
settings for the DERs. This information may be read or written.

Communication performance requirements:

– Availability of communication, information read response times

Communication protocol requirements:

– The DER shall support at least one of the protocols specified…(IEEE Std 2030.5,
IEEE Std 1815, SunSpec Modbus)

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Interoperability
Limited Scope of Interoperability Requirements Key
Concept

Individual DER

DER with System/

Network Adapters Plant Controller
DER Managing Networks
Entity /Modules
…

Out of Scope – Communication Network Specifics

… In Scope – Local
DER Interface
Out of Scope –
Internal DER Specifics

IEEE 1547 interface (mandatory) other interfaces (optional) out of scope

Source: P1547/D7.3 Draft Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed

22 Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces
 Islanding
Categories
Unintentional islanding
– Requirements also in clauses related to response to Area EPS abnormal conditions
– Coordination with Area EPS automatic reclosing
– Conditional extended clearing times
Intentional islanding: An intentional island that includes any portion of the area
EPS—an intentional area EPS island—while islanded shall be designed and operated in
coordination with the area EPS operator.

– Scheduled: Formed through DER operator or area EPS operator manual action or
other operating dispatch means (e.g., EMS, automatic generation control) that
triggers the transition from being in parallel and synchronized with the area EPS to
operation as an islanded system.

– Unscheduled: Unscheduled intentional islands are formed autonomously from local

detection of abnormal conditions at the interface(s) with the area EPS and then
automatic relay action that triggers switching to rapidly isolate the intentional island
from the area EPS.

Conditions for transition, voltage fluctuation limits, reconnection.

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 New Informative Annexes
Annex Contents
1. Guidelines for DER Performance Category assignment
2. DER intentional and microgrid island system
configurations
3. DER communication and information concepts and
guidelines
4. Basis for ride-through of consecutive voltage
disturbances
5. Discussion of testing and verification requirements at
PCC or PoC
6. Power Quality clause concepts and guidelines
7. Figures illustrating general interconnection technical
specifications and performance requirements
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 Test and Verification Requirements
Major Headings

Type tests
Production tests
DER evaluation
– DER design evaluation (desk study)
– DER as-built installation evaluation (on-site)
– Basic and detailed DER evaluation.
Commissioning tests and verifications
– Full and partial conformance testing and
verification
– Requirements met at PCC or PoC.

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 High-Level Test and Verification
Test and Verification Requirements Matrix

Component Level (DER unit) Local EPS Level (DER system)

DER DER As-built
Requirement Type Test Production Test Commissioning Test Periodic Test
Design Evaluation Installation Evaluation

4.1.1 Reactive power

capability of the DER At time of
… …
DER Evaluation
… … … …

4.1.2. Voltage and technology

… … … … …
Over …
reactive power control
develop - 1. Design evaluation lifetime
4.1.3 Voltage and
ment … … (at time of
… … At time of
… or …
Active Power Control At time of
4.2.3.2 Mandatory (within a interconnection commission- when DER
production
Voltage Tripping
Requirements product
… …
request)
… …
ing …
is changed
…

4.2.3.3 Voltage
Disturbance Ride-
family of
… …
2. As-build installation
… … …
substant -
…
Through Requirements the same evaluation (at time of ially
4.x Interoperability, Communication
Interface and Protocols design)
… … commissioning)
… … … …

Time

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 High-level test and verification
Requirements give guidance, yet are flexible enough to consider the large Key
Concept
variety of actual DER setups in the field:

IEEE Std 1547TM Applicability of Requirements

Requirement Point of DER Point of Common
XYZ Connection (PoC) Coupling (PCC)
Full (DER
System)_ Type Test Type Test
+ +
DER Capability &

no Supplemental
Conformance

DER Device Basic Commissioning Test Basic DER Evaluation

needed
Type Test(s) Type Test(s)
Partial
+ +
(Composite)
one or more Detailed DER Evaluation Detailed DER Evaluation
Supplemental + +
DER Device(s) Detailed Commissioning Detailed Commissioning
needed
Test Test
Source: P1547™/D7.3 Draft Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of
Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces
IEEE P1547 (REVISION)
BALLOTING RESULTS
 IEEE P1547 has met IEEE Thresholds* for approval
 333 Votes (85% of ballot pool)
 93% Approval
 Resolved 1950 Comments
 Initial ballot + four recirculations
 Balloting extended from May – December, 2017

Thresholds:
Returned ballots: 75% | Approval rate: 75%

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1/17/2018
 P1547 Revision Current Status
 Currently under review by IEEE SA Standards
Board Review Committee – (RevCom)
 RevCom makes recommendations on the approval or disapproval
of standards submitted for IEEE SASB Standards Board approval
or adoption.
 Approval or adoption requires agreement from RevCom members
that RevCom and IEEE SASB Standards Board procedural
requirements have been satisfied.

• We expect RevCom results/recommendation

on 1/24/18
 Publication follows IEEE-SA Approval

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 IEEE STD 1547 TUTORIAL
Upcoming Sessions

Session 2 – Tuesday, January 23rd at 3:30PM ET

In-Depth Overview of IEEE 1547 Revision Requirements – Part 1
Review of Reference point of applicability, newly-introduced performance categories, New requirements for
voltage and reactive power control, frequency control, response to abnormal conditions including ride-through;
ranges of adjustability for control settings as well as for voltage and frequency trip settings

Session 3 – Friday, January 26th at 3:30PM ET

In-Depth Overview of IEEE 1547 Revision Requirements – Part 2
Basic criteria for the use of IEEE 1547, Applicability requirements and review of measurement accuracy
requirements. A new cease to energize performance requirement and entering service criteria that are critical
to meeting the new ride-through requirements, power quality requirements, islanding concepts, and Voltage
regulation. New section that discusses interoperability requirements

Session 4 - Tuesday, January 30th at 3:30PM ET

Overview verification and testing Requirement

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For More Information
General information:
http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/scc21/1547_revision/1547revision_index.h
tml

Working Group meeting notes:

http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/scc21/1547_revision/1547revision_logistic
s.html

Sign up for the 1547 email listserv:

http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/scc21/1547_revision/1547revision_listserv
.html

Contact Info:
Dave Narang, NREL | david.narang@nrel.gov
Mark Siira, ComRent | msiira@comrent.com

Thank You