2010 International Conference on Recent Trends in Information, Telecommunication and Computing

Optimal Design of Integration of Intelligent,

Adaptive Solar (PV) Power Generator with Grid
for Domestic Energy Management System
S. N. Singh, Pooja Singh, Swati Kumari, Swati
Department of Electronics Engineering
National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur, India
snsnitjsr@gmail.com singhpooja219@gmail.com swati.verma200@gmail.com swati3458@gmail.com

ABSTRACT II. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

This paper introduces a novel system based on integration of
solar (PV) power generator with grid for optimal utilization of
energy by minimizing the power drawn from grid. A prototype
grid integrated PV system comprising of PV module (2*75Wp),
battery bank (12V, 2*80Ah) as an energy storage device and an
intelligent, adaptive inverter (300W) has been developed and
successfully implemented at site. A grid quality AC power,
generated by optimally designed power conditioning inverter
unit, has been obtained with a low (< 5%) total harmonic
distortion (THD) sine wave output. A micro grid network concept
introduced in the system has resulted in a saving of 50% or even
more grid power.
A local SPG of 300 Watt and its integration with grid supply
is shown in Fig.1. The solar energy through PV cell (2 *
75Wp) is stored in a 12 Volt battery bank of 2 * 80Ah during
sun- hour till it attains full charge value i.e. VBAT = 13.8V.
There is a switch S3 which enables the charging of batteries
through the grid supply when the PV become non-functional
due to low radiation (cloudy days) resulting in deep discharge
of Battery (i.e. VBAT < 10.4V). In the case of surplus energy
generation by PV source, energy can be directed to other
houses (House # 2) through S5 connected to the local micro
grid network of proposed system. The load is powered through
switches S1 and S2 from grid and PV system respectively.

Keyword: Solar (PV) power Generator (SPG), Domestic Energy The power circuit module of inverter [2] is shown in Fig.2. It
Management, Bi-directional Inverter. Photovoltaic (PV), Total consists of centre tapped transistorized push-pull circuit which
Harmonic Distortion (THD). converts DC power of the battery into AC voltage on
activating T1 and T2 transistors of inverter circuit
I. INTRODUCTION alternatively at an interval of 10 ms i.e. 50Hz through base
drive PWM control pulses. The Solar (PV) cell connected to
Household electrical load is increasing day by day due to dual battery bank i.e. BAT 1 and BAT 2 as shown in Fig.2
charges the battery bank during sun hour on all clear days of
rapid growth of population. The grid supply is not at pace with
an year. The PV cell rated for 2* 75Wp charges one of the
this increase due to various technical and economic reasons.
batteries (80Ah) at a time, while the other battery (80Ah)
This has resulted in power shortage in many areas especially
supplies energy to the load through inverter. The intelligent
in remote areas of rural sectors of the country. Need has been
action of controller of PV system monitors the status of
felt to investigate and look for an alternative unconventional
battery voltage and prevents it from damage due to deep
energy system to produce electricity which can be integrated
discharging.
with the present grid supply system. Thus, here we present a
solution in which we incorporate a local green power
generator using a cost effective solar (PV) system at
household level. The proposed system will utilize the solar
power for the local generation of electrical energy which
reduces the dependency on grid supply. A micro grid concept
has also been introduced which can feed surplus unutilized
power generated by local solar (PV) power generator (SPG) to
other nearby houses [1,,3,4].

Fig.1. Power flow diagram of proposed grid integrated PV-Gen system

978-0-7695-3975-1/10 $25.00 © 2010 IEEE 345

DOI 10.1109/ITC.2010.59
 TABLE 1

STATUS OF BATTERY, PV AND LOAD ENERGY AND ADAPTIVE CONTROL ACTION OF

SWITCHES

VBAT Status S1 S2 S3 S4 S5
10.4V -13.8V EL<EPV OFF ON OFF OFF ON
(Normal) EL>EPV OFF ON ON ON OFF
EL=0 OFF OFF OFF OFF ON
EL<EPV
< 10.4V EL>EPV ON OFF ON ON OFF
EL=0

Fig.2. Power Circuit Module of PV System (Local Generator) IV. LOAD PROFILE

A study has been carried out to observe PL i.e. the hourly load
III. CONTROL STRATEGY power requirement of a typical small rural house over 24
hours of a day. The load of house under consideration
The load energy E L expressed in watt-hour (Wh) is computed comprises of 3 Compact Fluorescent Lamps(CFL) of 30W, a
over a period of 24 hours in a day as follows : ceiling fan of 60W and a television of 60W and other domestic
appliances consuming very less power and hence neglected.
24h
E L (Wh)= Σ PL [Wh] (1)
0h V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Where,
PL = Hourly Load Power (W) The load energy (E L) computed over the period of a day from
hourly load power (PL) requirement of a house and generated
PV power stored in the battery during sun hour in a day (E PV)
The source and load Energy is governed by energy balance
and Energy drawn (E Grid)by load in two different cases were
equation(2) as given below :
monitored and the same has been reflected using MATLAB
E L [Wh] = E PV[Wh] + E Grid [Wh] (2) software in the graph as shown in Fig.3and Fig.4.

Where,
E PV = Energy generated by PV [Wp * Sun-hour]
E Grid = Load Energy drawn through Grid (Watt*hours)

The Energy storage of battery E BAT (Watt*hours) is governed

by equation (3) i.e

E BAT [Wh] = E PV + E Grid (3)

Where,
EBAT = Battery power [V* Ah]

The load power PL is programmed as per demand of end user

and prioritized for each day and subsequently computed for
load energy E L requirement.

The switching actions i.e ON/OFF are initiated through Fig,3. Load Power and generated PV Power
(CASE I: EL< EPV, EPV = 1020Wh ; EL = 920Wh ; EGRID = 0Wh)
adaptive control switches at an interval of every hour of a day
under various operative conditions (Table 1) as follows.

346

Fig.4. Load Power and generated PV Power
( CASE II: EL > EPV, EPV = 1030Wh ; EL = 1700Wh ; EGRID = 670Wh , %
sharing of grid = 39.41% )
From the above graphs, it is apparent that grid power sharing
can be reduced to 50% or even less and thus design of such
system can be put into use in remote areas where grid power
availability is very poor or weak.
VI. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
Hardware implementation has been done with MOSFET based
300Watt inverter circuit as shown in Fig.5. The oscillographic
image of load waveform has also been reflected in Fig.6.
Fig.5. Inverter Module with battery
Fig.6.Load waveform 220V, 50Hz with 5% THD value
347
The obtained efficiency of the PV module oriented inverter is
shown in Fig.7.
Fig.7. Efficiency of inverter
VII. CONCLUSION
This system is ingenious in a way because not only is it eco -
friendly and uses renewable energy PV source but also
devises a way for the energy management and saves 50 % or
even more grid energy. A novel technique of dual charging
system (i.e. PV and Grid) individually or simultaneously and
use of dual battery as interfacing modules with PV are the
unique features of the system resulting in a high load power
delivery even beyond the rating of PV power. The quality of
AC power produced by power conditioning inverter unit is at
par with grid supply having total harmonics distortion (THD)
value less than 5%. This system has future scope of
implementation of fuzzy logic in the control strategy where we
frame certain linguistic rules for non linear control action on
output parameter(s). A micro-grid network of houses, a very
less maintenance and a long life cycle period of more than 20
years, extend superiority of system over other conventional
systems.
REFERENCES
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sinusoidal Inverter for water pumping system for use in
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(2008) pp 114-122.
[3] “Studies of Energy Management by Control Models for a
Photovoltaic system in a Rural area of Thailand”, Technical
digest of the international PVSEC-14, Thailand, 2004 pp210.
[4] M.H .Rashid , Power Electronics: Circuits, devices and
applications, Pearson Education (2004)