LESSON PLAN

Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person

Learning Competency: 2.2 Analyze situations that show the difference between truth and opinion.

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, at least 80% of the students will be able to:
a. analyze situations that show the difference between truth and opinion;
b. write a reflection on the theories of truth in relevance to one’s life;
c. appreciate the value of truth and opinion to lead a good life.
II. SUBJECT MATTER
A. Topic: Methods of Philosophizing (Knowledge and Truth)
B. Reference: Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person, Sioco and Vinzons
www.philosophyforums.com
C. Material: Book, manila paper and LCD projector
III. PROCEDURE
A. Preliminaries
1. Prayer
2. Checking of attendance
3. Classroom Management
B. Review
1. What are the types of knowledge?
2. How does one different from each other?
C. Motivational Activity
1. The teacher will write the following statements in the board.
 A triangle has three sides.
 Mike’s favorite snack is burger.
 John’s shirt is color yellow.
2. After which, the teacher will instruct students to raise their hands if the
statement is true and stand if the statement is just an opinion.

PROCESS QUESTIONS:
1. Why do you think those statements are so called truth and opinion?
2. What is your basis in analyzing so?
3. What is the difference between truth and opinion?

D. PRESENTATION OF THE LESSON

Truth – is the aim of belief
- to agree with the facts or to state what is the case
Opinion - a personal belief or judgment that is not found on proof or certainty.

E. DISCUSSION/ABSTRACTION
1. THEORIES OF TRUTH
1.1 Coherence Theory –This theory states that a statement (a proposition)
is true if it is consistent with other things that are considered true (and
do not contradict it)
1.2 Correspondence Theory – This theory states that a statement or a
proposition is true if it corresponds to (or reflects) reality.
1.3 Pragmatic Theory – This theory states that something is true if it is
useful. Whether or not it reflects reality is of minor importance.
2. EVALUATING OPINION
 distinguish between fact and opinion to weed out opinions based on
one’s biases and subjective views.
  there must be a set of criteria in the examination of opinions and
beliefs before accepting them as true.
 “Never accept the truth of any statement or belief unless there is
adequate evidence for it.”
 epistemic obligation to subject them to the most appropriate
manner or method of scrutiny
 avoid dogmatism
F. DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITY
1. The class will be grouped into four (4).
2. Each group will be given a situation and analyze whether it is an opinion or a
truth.
 Group 1- Liza believed that earning money is the most important thing in life.
 Group 2- Maria said, “my mother is the most beautiful woman in the world.”
 Group 3- The distance from Earth to the sun is 92,955,807 miles.
 Group 4- The teacher wears red blouse and black shoes.
3. Each group is required to have a reporter to present the ideas consolidated by
the group.

PROCESS QUESTIONS:
1. How did you find the activity?
2. How did you manage to analyze the situations?
3. What is the importance of knowing truth and opinion?

G. Generalization/Synthesis
In life one must first know the truth before making a decision or action in order to
have certainty in all things the same way that we should respect one’s opinion for
peace to lead its way.

IV. EVALUATION
Of the three theories of truth presented, rank them according to their relevance or
usefulness in your life, with one (1) as the highest, which do you think is the most
relevant for you? (Write your reflection in your activity notebook.)

V. ASSIGNMENT
Read and study Morality and Freedom (page 60-62) and answer the following question.
1. What is the nature of morality and its connection to mores?