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Hot sour soup: Coral thresholds in two dimensions from one causative agent

Conference Paper · August 2010

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11 authors, including:

C. Mark Eakin Ove Hoegh-Guldberg

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration The University of Queensland
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Simon D. Donner Dwight Gledhill

University of British Columbia - Vancouver National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
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Hot sour soup: Coral thresholds in two dimensions from one causative agent 11/18/14, 11:55 AM

Tuesday, August 3, 2010 - 2:35 PM

SYMP 8-4: Hot sour soup: Coral thresholds in two dimensions from one causative agent

C. Mark Eakin1, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg2, Simon D. Donner3, Dwight K. Gledhill4, Tyler R. L. Christensen1, Scott F. Heron1, Gang Liu1,
Jessica A. Morgan1, Britt A. A. Parker1, William J. Skirving1, and Alan E. Strong1. (1) NOAA, (2) University of Queensland, (3)
University of British Colombia, (4) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Background/Question/Methods

As carbon dioxide rises in the atmosphere, climate change and ocean acidification are modifying important physical and chemical
parameters in the oceans with resulting impacts on coral reef ecosystems. On one hand, rising CO2, a major greenhouse gas, is
warming the world’s oceans and causing corals to bleach, or expel their symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) with both alarming frequency
and severity. The frequent return of stressful temperatures has already resulted in major damage to many of the world’s coral reefs and
is expected to continue in the foreseeable future. Warmer oceans also have contributed to a rise in coral infectious diseases. Both
bleaching and infectious disease can result in coral mortality and threaten one of the most diverse ecosystems on Earth and the
important ecosystem services they provide. Additionally, rising CO2 is reducing the pH of the oceans and reducing the availability of
carbonate ions needed by corals and many other marine organisms to build structural components like skeletons and shells.
Results/Conclusions

Using a combination of satellite data, in situ observations, and models, this talk will explore the consequences of these two stressors on
corals and the importance of limiting absolute levels of atmospheric CO2—not just emissions. While thresholds vary among species and
locations, it is clear that corals around the world are already experiencing anomalous temperatures that are too high, too often, and that
warming is exceeding the rate at which corals can adapt. This is despite a complex adaptive capacity that involves both the coral host
and the zooxanthellae, including changes in the relative abundance of the latter in their coral hosts. The safe upper limit for atmospheric
CO2 is probably somewhere below 350ppm, a level we passed decades ago, and for temperature is a sustained global temperature
increase of less than 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. At somewhere between 450-500ppm coral reefs are probably going to be unable
to grow quickly enough to exceed natural forces of erosion and dissolution, resulting in net reef loss. As we are likely to exceed 1.5°C
warming soon as well, local actions to protect reefs are even more important to sustain reef organisms until we can restore more
favorable environmental conditions.

See more of SYMP 8 - Ecosystem Threshold Responses to Global Warming: Key Dynamics and Management and Policy Implications
See more of Symposium

See more of The 95th ESA Annual Meeting (August 1 -- 6, 2010)

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