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Paper Icoirs 2016 Budi Heru Santosa Sawah Banjar

Conference Paper · October 2016

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5 authors, including:

Budi Heru Santosa Ruki Ardiyanto

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 Budi Heru Santosa1, H.M. Rusdi2, Mubekti1, Ruki Ardiyanto1, Agustan1
1
Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT)
2
Bappeda Kabupaten Banjar

budi.heru@bppt.go.id

Abstract. It is important to conduct a comprehensive study for selecting the location for paddy
field based on land suitability method. Case study in Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan
Province, the land suitability for paddy field is analysed by applying remote sensing
technology, spatial data analysis, field surveys (soil sampling), and accounting the economic
value of land and natural resources. Recent land use condition is identified by using satellite
imagery of ALOS2 from 2015 by implementing steps of geometric correction, radiometric
correction, selection of color composite combination for image classification. Then, the image
is analysed for the manually determination of land use or land cover, mosaicking the images,
and further processing with GIS software. Next steps are the advanced spatial analysis such as:
overlaying to generate data suitability of paddy field, and preparation of a potential land

observations, laboratory analysis of soil samples and spatial analysis of land results the
delineation of potential land for paddy field in Banjar Regency. In result, the total area the
satisfy the land suitability analysis for new paddy field in study area is approximately 18,68
hectares with a concordance rate of marginal
standing or prone to flooding (S3fh) and areas prone to erosion. It is also found that to achieve
an optimal result, improvement the quality and capacity of the irrigation channel and
distribution as identified during the field surveys.

Keywords: ALOS2, new paddy field, Banjar Regency, land suitability map

1. Introduction

354
2. Methodology

Figure 1. Methodology for the Determination of Land Suitability Map

1. Identification of strategic issues, locale policies, etc.

2. Inventory of spatial data include: Topographic Map with a scale of 1: 50,000, Land System Map
with a scale of 1: 250,000, Slope Map with a scale of 1: 50,000, and Regional Spatial Planning of
Banjar District.
3. Processing of Satellite Imagery ALOS PALSAR-2 to produce land cover map and soil moisture
map. The steps taken in this analysis include:
a. Image geometric correction that is adapted to reposition the image coordinate system into
Topographic Map Coordinate System (using the Universal Transverse Mercator projection /
UTM WGS84 Datum) as the base map.
b. Image radiometric correction to improve the quality of the display image (due to differences
in the sensitivity of the sensor, the irradiation angle difference, topographical relief,
atmospheric refraction and absorption) for better image interpretation. The elimination of
interference due to their thin clouds (haze reduction) that may affect the spectral values.
c. Selection of a color composite combination in the implementation of image classification.
Selection of this combination is adjusted to the condition / quality imagery exists for a
specific scene.
d. Image analysis for the determination of land cover is done manually with "on-screen
digitation" technique. The digitization product is overlayed with the original image data for
editing and boundaries refining of the land covers, including the labeling of land cover
classification.
e. Image Mosaic (Merge), is data merging/splicing process of inter-scene image analysis
product to expand the coverage of image interpretation in accordance with the map sheet.

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 The product of image analysis is been overlayed with the topography maps, the boundaries of
each land cover are beeing digitized in vector format with Arc GIS software.
4. Preliminary spatial analysis for identification of land with a slope rate under 8%, the unity of the
land of more than 25 hectares, close to the residential area and adequate water resources.
5. Field survey consists of ground truth survey to verify the coordinate of the satellite images,
geoelectricity survey for ientification of underground groundwater reservoir, and land survey of
physical characteristics including soil sampling to be tested in the laboratory.
6. Spatial analysis to generate land suitability for paddy field. As base map for the land suitability
evaluation is the existing land unit maps of the area. With the GIS as analysis tool, the land
suitability map is done by comparising between the physical characteristics of the land and the
growing requirements of paddy (crops requirements). Land characteristic data were obtained from
existing previous assessment, field survey and the results of soil samples analysis in the
laboratory. Criteria of the growing requirements for paddy refers to the Technical Guidelines for
the Evaluation of Land for Agricultural Commodities (Djaenudin et al, 1996) and (CSR/FAO
Staffs, 1983), which is presented in Table 1.

Table 1. Criteria for Growing Requirements for Paddy

Class of Land Suitibility
Land Characteristic
S1 S2 S3 N
Temperature (tc)
Average Temperature 22-24 18-20 < 18
24-29
(oC) 29-32 32-35 > 35
Water availability
(wa)
-
Moisture (%) 33-90 30-33 < 30 / <90
-
1450-1700 1250-1450 <1250
Rainfall (mm) 1700-2500
2500-3500 3500-4000 >4000
Dry months (months) <2 2-3 3-4 >4
Rooting condition
(rc)
Excessiv
Somewhat Very poorly
Drainage Poorly drained ely
poorly drained drained
drained
Fine, moderately Somewhat
Soil Texture moderate Coarse
fine Coarse
Coarse fragments (%) <3 3-15 15-35 >35
Soil depth (cm) >50 40-50 25-40 <25
Peat land:
- Depth (cm) <50 50-100 100-150 >150
- Maturity sapric sapric, hemic hemic Fibric
Nutrient retention
(nr)
Cation exchange
>16 5 - 16 <5 -
capacity (cmol)
Base saturation (%) >50 35- 50 <35 -
4,5-5,5
pH H2O 5,5-7,0 <4,5/ >8,0
7,0-8,0
Organic C (%) >1,2 0,8-1,2 <0,8
Nutrient available
(na)
Total Nitrogen (%) Moderate Low Very low -
P2O5 (mg/100g) High Moderate Low - very low -

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 K2O Moderate Low Very low -
Toxicity (xc)
Salinity (dS/m) <2 2-4 4-6 >6
Sodicity (xn)
Alkalinity/ESP(%) <20 20-30 30-40 >40
Sulfidic material (xs)
Depth of sulfidic
>100 75-100 40-75 <40
materials (cm)
Erosion hazard (eh)
Slope (%) <3 3-5 5-8 >8
Moderat
Erosion - Very low low
e-high
Flood hazard (fh)
Depth (cm) 25 25-50 50-75 >75
Duration (hari) - <7 7-14 >14
Land preparation
(tp)
Surface stoniness (%) <5 5-15 15-40 >40
Surface outcrops (%) <5 5-15 15-25 >25

The land suitability classification (FAO, 1976) and (FAO, 1990), is differentiated by gradations
framework / arrangement (hierarchy), namely the Order, Class, Subclass and Unit. The Order is
the state of the global land suitability for the cultivation purpose, which consists of the
classification of the land that is Suitable (S) and Not Suitable (N).
7. Developing of Land suitability map for new paddy field area.
8. Recommendation for integration of the proposed new paddy field area in the Regional Spatial
Planning.

3. Results and Discussion

357
 Figure 2. Land Suitibility Map for Rice Field

1. Overlaying the NfH area with the existing paddy field. If the NfH polygons overlap with the
existing paddy field polygons then the overlapped area entered S3fh suitability classes;
Outside this area remains NfH suitability classes.
2. Overlaying the result of land suitability with the polygon of watun. Overlapped Nfh polygons
that intersect with watun-1 and watun-2 polygons entered S3fh suitability classes, the
overlapped polygons with watun-3, watun-4, and watun-5 polygons entered N1fh suitability
classes. Outside this area remains N2fH suitability classes. Overlapped S3fh polygons that
intersect with watun-1, watun-2, watun-3, watun-4, watun-5, and non watun polygons entered
S3fh suitability classes. Result of this spatial analysis is Actual Land Suitability Map for
Paddy Field in Banjar Regency (See Figure 3).

358
Figure 3. Actual Land Suitability Map for Paddy Field in Banjar Regency (incl. existing paddy field)

3. Overlaying the Actual Land Suitability Map for Paddy Field with Actual Ownership Map and
Regional Spatial Planning (Regulation No. 3/2013 on RTRW 2013-2032) generates Potential
Paddy Fields Development Map in Banjar Regency.
4. Potential Land Suitability Map is further analyzed derived from the Actual Land Suitability
Map for Paddy Field in Banjar Regency with the assumptions physical improvements can
increase the suitability of the land. For example, construction or normalization of irrigation
and drainage channels will increase the land suitability classes (maximum 1 level above the
existing suitability class). Land with suitability class S3fh can be increased to class S2fh on
potential land suitability map. Land with class of NfH on the actual land suitability map can
be increased into class S3fh on potential land suitability map, while the other polygons are not
affected. The result of this spatial analysis is Potential Land Suitability Map for Paddy Field
in Banjar Regency (See Figure 4). The potential fields to be utilized as a new paddy fields are
displayed in light green and dark green colour.

359
 Figure 4. Land Suitability Map for New Paddy Field in Banjar Regency

4. Conclusion

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