Vol - 3 - Material Report

National Highways Authority of India
(Ministry of Road Transport & Highways) Government of India
Consultancy Services for preparation of Detailed Project Report for 40

km section from Km 0+000 to km 40+000 of Indore –Harda of NH-59A
(New Green Filed Alignment)in the state of Madhya Pradesh
Submitted By:
M/s Lion Engineering Consultants,
―LION TOWER‖, Plot No: 97, Elegant Estate, Near Mother Teresa School,
Kolar Road, Bhopal—462042 (M.P.) ; Ph: 0755-3242728, Fax: 0755-2879499
Email– dprlec@rediffmail.com, website: www.liongroup.in
Consultancy Services for preparation of Detailed Project Report for
40 km section from Km 0+000 to km 40+000 of Indore –Harda of Material Report
NH-59A (New Green Filed Alignment)in the state of Madhya
Pradesh
MATERIAL REPORT
1.0 Project Background
Ministry of Road Transport & Highways given investment approval for the project as
Economic Corridor under Phase 1 of Bharatmala Pariyojana vide office Memorandum No
RW/NH-37011 /37 /2018-PPP Dated-30.11.2018. The National Highway Authority of India
(NHAI) has been entrusted with the assignment of preparation for Detailed project Report
of National Highways for Four laning in the states of Madhya Pradesh on Hybrid Annuity
Mode. NHAI will be the employer and executing agency for the consultancy services.
1.1 Project Description
Project road starts from Km 95+000 of NH 59A and ends at Km 141.530 of NH59A. Project
road lies in Devas & Harda District in the state of Madhya Pradesh. Latitude & Longitude of
start & end points are shown below:
Table 1.1 – Start and End of the Project Corridor
Location Latitude (N) Longitude (E)
Start Point of Project Road 22°39'23.37"N 76°46'26.53"E
End Point of Project Road Km 141.530 NH-

22°22'35.59"N 77° 4'15.28"E
59A
1.2 Scope of Work
Some of the activities to realise a high quality design and tender documents comprise
comprehensive study involving geotechnical and, analysis of soil properties along the project
road section as well as investigation on sources of available construction materials for the
proposed construction.
This report describes soil and material investigation programme conducted by the consultants,
which inter-alia consisted of field investigations, sampling and testing of soil and material,
evaluation for suitability and availability, etc. It includes:
• Characterizing the existing soil (natural ground) with test results along the proposed
alignment.
M/s Lion Engineering Consultants, Bhopal

Page 1 of 50
Pradesh
• Assessing the characteristics and availability of construction materials to be used for

road construction.
Test results of material are presented in separate tables for natural ground along proposed
alignment, borrow soils, sand and aggregates. Recommendations are made with regard to
material parameters for design of pavement as also suitability of the various natural materials
for construction purposes.
1.3 Approach
The soil and materials survey started with study of the soil, geological maps of the area, field
data and quarry charts. This was followed by a reconnaissance survey of the project road and
environs when possible borrow areas and quarries were identified. All these locations were
visited and closely inspected to ascertain the type and quantity of material available
considering ease of extraction, the lead distance and other related information. Enquiries with
locals, particularly with local road contractors were also made for additional information.
Representative samples from prospective quarries and borrow areas were then collected and
got tested in the laboratory for engineering characteristics. The test results were then
evaluated and recommendations made as regards the suitability of the materials for use in the
embankment, various pavement layers and cement concrete.
1.4 Geography & Climate
Madhya Pradesh state is located at middle of India in plains between latitude 21°04'N-
26.87°N and longitude 74°02'-82°49' E, Madhya Pradesh state is exactly located in center of
the India map so it known as the “Central Region” of India and also known as the “Heart of
India” or " Central India" . In area wise Madhya Pradesh is second largest state of India, with
Rajasthan being the first, before making “Chhattisgarh” till year 2000, it was the largest state
of India in area-wise. Madhya Pradesh is sixth largest state in population wise. Forest a major
part of the state and the cultivated area amount to approximately half of the total landmass of
the state. Climate of Madhya Pradesh includes three main seasons like in the other states of
India but the duration varies. Winters and rainy seasons are very short, while summers are
comparatively long. The summers start around middle of February and end in July where the
first outbreak of monsoon takes place. During the summer season, the temperature reaches
more than 45 degree Celsius. North Gwalior receives large amount of solar energy and it is
the hottest place of the northern part of the state. Morena district, Gwalior, and Datia receives
around 42.5 degree Celsius isotherm, while 40 degree Celsius isotherm passes in western
part of Madhya Pradesh including, Shajapur District, Dewas District, RatlamDistrict, Mandsaur
District, Mandla District, Seoni, etc. The hill towns of the state such experience around 34
Page 2 of 50
Pradesh
degree Celsius temperature. The maximum rainfall is about 152.4 cm, while the minimum is
about 20 to 25 cm.
Land Use
The land along the project road is mostly passing through agricultural land. Along few
sections combination of barren land and built-up areas is also observed.
1.5 Terrain Classification
The project road alignment traverses through plain terrain throughout the length.
1.6 Sub-grade Characteristics and Strength
Based on the data derived from condition (surface condition, roughness) and structural
strength surveys, the project road section has been divided into segments homogenous with
respect to pavement condition and strength. The delineation of segments homogenous with
respect to roughness and strength has been done using the cumulative difference approach
(AASHTO, 1993).
For the widening of existing road within the ROW, at least three sub-grade soil samples for
each homogenous road segment or three samples for each soil type encountered, whichever
is more are taken For the roads along new alignments, the test pits for sub grade soil were
done @5 km or for each soil type, whichever is more. A minimum of three samples have been
tested corresponding to each homogenous segment. The testing for sub grade soil
includes:
in-situ density and moisture content at each test pit
field CBR using DCP at each test pit
characterization (grain size and Atterberg limits) at each test pit and
laboratory moisture-density characteristics (modified AASHTO compaction);
laboratory CBR (unsoaked and 4-day soak compacted at three energy levels) and
swell.
Following laboratory tests were carried out in respect of sample taken from the test pits.
Page 3 of 50
Pradesh
Grain size analysis IS 2720 (part IV)
Atterberg Limit IS 2720 (part V
Optimum Moisture Content and Dry Density IS 2720 (part VII)

(Heavy compaction)
CBR test (Unsoaked and 4 days soaked) IS 2720 (part XVI)
1.7 SAMPLING
Samples were collected in eight successive days, dated 17/12/2020 to 24/12/2020.
1.7.1 Existing Subgrade Soil Sample

Existing Subgrade investigation were carried out by cutting trial pits in the following manner.
a) Large test pits (1.0m X 1.0m) were excavated at the pavement – shoulder interface for
carrying out the following activities.
b) Samples were collected at regular interval of 5.0km or at the point where soil properties
changed.
c) Measuring the thickness of various pavement layers.
d) Conducting field(in -situ) density test using sand replacement method as per IS:2720
part-28
e) Collecting samples of Existing Subgrade for laboratory tests.
1.8 Soil Characteristics
1.8.1 Type of Soil
Table 1.1: Type of Existing Subgrade Soil
Chainage Type of soil
0+000 FINE GRAINED

5+000 COARSE GRAINED
10+000 FINE GRAINED
20+000 FINE GRAINED
25+000 FINE GRAINED
30+000 FINE GRAINED
Page 4 of 50
Pradesh
1.8.2 Percentage of Sand Content
Table 1.3 Percentage sand content of existing subgrade soil
Chainage Sand content(%)

27.82
0+000
5+000 10.26
10+000 26.99
15+000 60.56
20+000 15.69
25+000 13.96
30+000 19.00
The maximum and minimum values of % sand content for borrow area soil are 60.56% and 10.26 %
at BA-2 and BA-12 respectively.
1.8.3 Soil Classification
The soils are basically classified into following categories as per IS: 1498:
Coarse-Grained Soils -In these soils, more than half the total material by weight is larger than
75micron IS Sieve size.
The coarse-grained soil is further divided into two subdivisions namely:
a) Gravels -In these soils, more than half the coarse fraction (+75 micron) is larger than 4.75-
mm IS Sieve size. This subdivision includes gravels and gravelly soils.
b) Sands- In these soils, more than half the coarse fraction (+75 micron) is smaller than 4.75-
mm IS Sieve size. This subdivision includes sands and sandy soils.
Test results have been compiled in table 1.9.
1.8.4 Atterberg’s Limit
Depending upon the water content of the soil, it may appear in four states: solid, semi-solid,
plastic and liquid. In each state the consistency and behavior of a soil is different and thus so
are its engineering properties. Liquid limit, plastic limit and shrinkage limit are known as
Atterberg’s Limit.
Liquid Limit: It is defined as the water content, in percent, at which a part of soil in a
casagrandecup and cut by the groove for a distance of 13mm when subjected to 25 shocks
from the cup being dropped 10mm in a standard liquid limit apparatus operated at a rate of
Page 5 of 50
Pradesh
two shocks per second.
Plastic Limit: The water content at which soil just starts to crumble when rolled into a thread
of 3 mm diameter is called the plastic limit of the soil. It is the state between the plastic and
semisolid state of soil.
Plasticity Index: It is the range of water content within which the soil exhibits plastic
properties; that is, it is the difference between liquid and plastic limits.
The liquid and plastic limits of soils are both dependent on the amount and type of clay in a
soil and form the basis for the soil classification system for cohesive soils based on the
plasticity tests. Besides their use for identification, the plasticity tests give information
concerning the cohesion properties of soil and the amount of capillary water which it can hold.
They are also used directly in specifications for controlling soil for use in fill. These index
properties of soil have also been related to various other properties of the soil.
The soil has been termed as Non plastic where the soil mass slipped in the casagrande
apparatus while testing for liquid limit & also could not be rolled into 3 mm diameter thread
while testing for plastic limit test.
The tests have been carried out according to provision given as per IS 2720 Part 5. The liquid
limit , plastic limit & plasticity index are varying from 28.6 % to 31.7 % and 25.0% to 25.9% &
3.6 % to 6.0 % respectively.
Table 1.4: Atterberg’s Limits of Existing Subgrade soil
Chainage L.L. P.L. P.I.

0+000 30.80 25.60 5.20
5+000 30.50 25.20 5.30
10+000 29.80 25.60 4.20
15+000 NP NP NP
20+000 31.70 25.70 6.00
25+000 30.80 25.00 5.80
30+000 30.20 25.10 5.10
For Borrow area soil the maximum value of Plasticity Index is 6.8 at BA-3 minimum value is 3.9 at BA-7.
Page 6 of 50
Pradesh
1.8.5 Site Photograph of existing sub-grade test pit
Test Pit at Km 30+000
Fig 1.1 Site photograph of Test Pit (Existing Sub-grade)
1.8.6 Heavy Compaction (IS:2720 Part 8)

Purpose of a laboratory compaction test is to determine the proper amount of mixing water to
be used, when compacting the soil in the field and the resulting degree of denseness which
can be expected from compaction at optimum moisture content. To accomplish this, laboratory
test which gives a degree of compaction comparable to that obtained by the field method is
performed.
Some nearly cohesion less soils compact satisfactorily in the standard test although in many
cases the water density curve is not well defined. Frequently, too in these cases indicated,
maximum density is not as great as can be achieved readily in the field under available
compaction methods. With knowledge of the water density relation as determined by this test,
better control of the field compaction of soil fill is possible because the optimum moisture
content and the density which should be obtained are known by using this test procedure and
these can be checked by field control tests.
Test results of MDD & OMC are compiled in form of tables. MDD and OMC of Existing
Subgrade soil respectively.
Page 7 of 50
Pradesh
For Existing Subgrade soil, the maximum value of MDD is 2.12/cc with OMC 7.4% at Existing
Chainage 100+000 and , and minimum value is 1.97g/cc with OMC 12.90% at 105+000 for
Existing Subgrade soil.
Table 1.5 MDD of Existing Subgrade Soil
Chainage M.D.D.(gm/cc) O.M.C. (%)

0+000 1.98 12.70
5+000 2.12 7.64
10+000 1.97 12.90
15+000 2.01 11.20
20+000 1.99 13.20
25+000 1.98 11.80
30+000 1.97 13.20
1.8.6 Field Moisture Content (%) (IS:2720 Part II)
The required quantity of soil samples collected from field depending on their gradation was
taken and kept in an oven for 24 hours and the moisture content determined as follows:
% Moisture Content = (W2-W3/W3-W1) X 100
Where,
W1= Weight of Empty Container
W2= Weight of Empty Container+ Wet Soil
W3= Weight of Empty Container + Dry Soil
For Existing Subgrade soil the maximum value of FMC is 8.90% at Existing Chainage
100+000 and the minimum value of FMC is 7.30 % at Existing Chainage105+000 & 135+000.
Table 1.6 -: FMC for Existing Subgrade Soil
Chainage Field Moisture (%)

0+000 8.50
5+000 8.90
10+000 7.30
15+000 7.90
20+000 7.70
25+000 7.40
Page 8 of 50
Pradesh

30+000 8.00
1.8.7 FREE SWELLING INDEX (%) IS 2720 PART XI
Free swelling index is the increase in the volume of soil mass without any external constraint
when subjected to submergence in water. The value is higher for fine grained soils having
appreciable amount of clay and even goes up to 300 % for expansive soils like Bentonite,
Kaolinite etc.
For Existing Subgrade soil the free swelling index values are given in Table 1.7 respectively:
The maximum value of FSI for Existing Subgrade is 40.00 % at Existing Chainage 95+000
and several other locations and minimum value is 0% at Km 110+000
Table 1.7 FSI for Existing Subgrade Soil
Chainage Free-Swelling Index (%)

0+000 30.00
5+000 30.00
10+000 22.22
15+000 0.00
20+000 30.00
25+000 30.00
30+000 30.00
1.8.8 California Bearing Ratio (CBR)
CBR tests in Laboratory had been carried out on samples collected from pit as per IS: 2720
(Part- 16). CBR moulds are prepared by compaction of soil in five layers. Quantity of water
taken during remolding of CBR specimen was equal to optimum moisture content. Soaked
CBR values had been worked out for 97% of MDD. The test result indicates variation of
soaked CBR value from 8.11% to 13.94%.
California Bearing Ratio (CBR) - The ratio expressed in percentage of force per unit area required
to penetrate a soil mass with a circular plunger of 50 mm diameter at the rate of 1.25 mm/min to that
required for corresponding penetration in a standard material. The ratio is usually determined for
penetration of 2.5 and 5 mm.
The CBR value of a soil is an index which is related to its strength. The value is highly dependent on
Page 10 of 50
Pradesh
the condition of the material at the time of testing. CBR value has been correlated with different soil
parameters like modulus of Existing Subgrade reaction, modulus of resilience and plasticity index. It
is used for the designing of flexible and rigid pavements. The thickness of different wearing course is
primarily dependent on the C.B.R. value.
Sample Preparation
Remoulded Specimens - The dry density for a remoulded specimen was taken as 97% of the
maximum dry density (As per table no- 300-2 of MORTH specifications) as determined by the
compaction tests as per IS: 2720 (Part 8). The water content used for compaction was the optimum
water content corresponding to the maximum dry density.
Sample Compaction
Dynamically Compacted Specimens - The mass of the soil sample calculated based on the value of
M.D.D when occupying the standard specimen volume in the mouldwas calculated and O.M.C. % of
water was than mixed. Soil was thoroughly mixed and compacted in accordance with IS 2720 Part-8
with spacer disc at bottom having filter paper on top. After compaction the mould was inverted and
filter paper, perforated disk and surcharge weight equal to the weight of the base material and
pavement was placed on the specimen. The specimen was put inside the water tank for soaking for
96 hours.
The C.B.R. Test has been carried out in soaked condition as per IS: 2720-Part-16.
The CBR values are usually calculated for penetrations of 2.5 and 5 mm. Corresponding to the
penetration value at which the CBR values is desired, corrected load value shall be taken from the
load penetration curve and the CBR calculated as follows:
California Bearing Ratio = PT/PS X 100
Where,
PT= corrected unit (or total) test load corresponding to the chosen penetration from the load
penetration curve, and
Ps=unit (or total) standard load for the same depth of penetration as for PT taken from the table given
as below:
Page 11 of 50
Pradesh
Penetration Unit Standard Load Total Standard Load
(mm) (kg/cm2) (kgf)
2.5 70 1370
5.0 105 2055
For Existing Subgrade soil the maximum value of CBR is 13.94 % at Existing Chainage 135+000 and
minimum value of CBR is 8.11 at Existing Chainage105+000.
Table 1.8: CBR of Existing Subgrade Soil
Chainage C.B.R. (%) In soaked condition
0+000 8.16
5+000 13.94
10+000 8.11
15+000 10.05
20+000 8.84
25+000 8.35
30+000 8.16
Page 12 of 50
Pradesh
1.8.10 Consolidation Test Results -
Table: 1.9 Consolidation Test Results of existing sub-grade
Classification as Free
% passing through I.S.Sieve % Sand Field C.B.R. (%) In
Type of per I.S.-1498-1970 Swelling M.D.D.(g O.M.C.
S.NO Chainage Conten L.L. P.L. P.I. Moistur soaked
soil Typical Index m/cc) (%)
4.75 mm 2.00 mm 425 mic. 75 mic t Symbol
Name
e (%) condition
(%)
Mixture
of silty &
FINE 25. clay with
1 0+000 88.09 79.67 68.28 60.27 27.82 30.8 5.2 ML-CL 30 8.5 1.98 12.7 8.16
GRAINED 6 low to
medium
plasticity
Mixture
COARSE 25. GM- of silty
2 5+000 27.92 22.65 19.92 17.66 10.26 30.5 5.3 30 8.9 2.12 7.64 13.94
GRAINED 2 GC clayey
gravel
Mixture
of silty &
FINE 25. clay with
3 10+000 87.46 83.01 69.45 60.47 26.99 29.8 4.2 ML-CL 22.22 7.3 1.97 12.9 8.11
GRAINED 6 low to
medium
plasticity
4 COARSE
15+000 97.82 93.60 69.17 37.26 60.56 NP NP NP NP NP 0 7.9 2.01 11.2 10.05
GRAINED

Pradesh
Mixture
of silty &
FINE 25. clay with
5 20+000 88.76 83.77 77.04 73.06 15.69 31.7 6 ML-CL 30 7.7 1.99 13.2 8.84
GRAINED 7 low to
medium
plasticity

Pradesh
Classification as Free
% passing through I.S.Sieve % Sand Field C.B.R. (%) In
Type of per I.S.-1498-1970 Swelling M.D.D.(g O.M.C.
S.NO Chainage Conten L.L. P.L. P.I. Moistur soaked
soil Typical Index m/cc) (%)
4.75 mm 2.00 mm 425 mic. 75 mic t Symbol
Name
e (%) condition
(%)
Mixture
of silty &
FINE clay with
6 25+000 97.59 95.66 90.45 83.64 13.96 30.8 25 5.8 ML-CL 30 7.4 1.98 11.8 8.35
GRAINED low to
medium
plasticity
Mixture
of silty &
FINE 25. clay with
7 30+000 98.32 94.21 89.32 79.32 19.00 30.2 5.1 ML-CL 30 8 1.97 13.2 8.16
GRAINED 1 low to
medium
plasticity

Pradesh
The summary of existing subgrade test results have been presented in Table 1.10
Table: 1.10 Summary of Existing Subgrade test result
Type of Test Maximum Minimum Average
Liquid Limit % 31.7 28.6 30.28
Plastic Limit % 25.9 25.0 25.37
Plasticity Index % 8.6 3.0 4.1
MDD gm /cc 2.12 1.97 2.024
OMC % 13.2 7.64 11.1
Soaked CBR % 13.94 8.11 10.465

Pradesh
2.0 Natural Ground Soil:

Pits on Natural ground adjoining the existing pavement to assess the soil strength for new
carriageway/proposed alignments at every 5km interval and bulk samples were collected for
laboratory test. Photographs of natural ground site are shown in Fig 2.1
2.1 Laboratory test
The samples collected from Test pits were carefully sealed and labelled for laboratory
assessment. The laboratory test comprises of determination of Atterberg’s Limit, Modified
Proctor test, soaked CBR and Grain Size Analysis etc. Test results and their analysis obtained
from laboratory tests are presented in Annexure and discussed below.
2.2 Type of Soil
Classification and identification of the soil is done to find out the type of soil for different
Engineering purposes such as Irrigation, Road work, Highways, Buildings, Hydraulic
Structures etc. based on the different results obtained after testing of soils. Based on particle
size, soils are broadly classified into following two types:
Coarse-Grained Soils - In these soils, more than half the total material by weight is larger than
75 micron IS Sieve size.
Fine Grained Soils - In these soils, more than half of the material by weight is smaller than 75-
micron IS Sieve size.
Soil samples were washed on 75 micron IS Sieve as per IS: 2720 –part-4 and the % retained
and % passing was calculated after weighing of sample retained on the sieve after drying. Soil
is than classified as coarse grained and fine grained based on the amount of fraction greater
than or less than the half of the total material weight.
Table 2.1 : Type of Natural Ground Soil

10+000 FINE GRAINED
15+000 FINE GRAINED
20+000 FINE GRAINED
25+000 FINE GRAINED
30+000 FINE GRAINED
Page 15 of 50
Pradesh
2.3 Soil Classification
The soils are basically classified into following categories as per IS: 1498:
Test results have been compiled in form of tables. Soil classification of Natural ground soil
are given in Table 2.2 respectively.
Table 2.2: Soil Classification of Natural Ground Soil
Classification as per I.S.-1498-1970

Chainage
Symbol Typical Name
0+000 GM-GC Mixture of silty clayey gravel
5+000 GM-GC Mixture of silty clayey gravel
10+000 .CL Silty Clay
15+000 Mixture of silty & clay with low to medium
ML-CL
plasticity
30+000 Mixture of silty & clay with low to medium
ML-CL
plasticity
2.3 Atterbergs Limit:
Atterberg’s limit of natural ground soil sample have been presented in the table 2.3
Table2.3 : Atterberg's Limit of Natural Ground Soil

0+000 31.70 26.30 5.40
5+000 30.90 25.70 5.20
10+000 34.80 27.70 7.10
15+000 31.80 25.40 6.40
20+000 36.70 27.40 9.30
25+000 36.20 27.10 9.10
30+000 32.90 26.80 6.10
The maximum and minimum values of % sand content for Existing Natural soil are 24.09 % and 2.02
% at Existing respectively in Table 2.5.
Page 16 of 50
Pradesh
2.3 Percentage sand content of natural ground soil:
Test results depicting percentage sand content for natural ground samples have been
presented in table 2.4.
Table 2.4: % Sand Content of Natural Ground Soil

0+000 3.48
5+000 16.66
10+000 5.73
15+000 20.00
20+000 7.28
25+000 7.50
30+000 19.66
2.4 MDD by Heavy Compaction (IS:2720 Part 8)
Purpose of a laboratory compaction test is to determine the proper amount of mixing water to
be used, when compacting the soil in the field and the resulting degree of denseness which
can be expected from compaction at optimum moisture content. To accomplish this,
laboratory test which gives a degree of compaction comparable to that obtained by the field
method is performed.
Some nearly cohesion less soils compact satisfactorily in the standard test although in many
cases the water density curve is not well defined. Frequently, too in these cases indicated,
maximum density is not as great as can be achieved readily in the field under available
compaction methods. With knowledge of the water density relation as determined by this test,
better control of the field compaction of soil fill is possible because the optimum moisture
content and the density which should be obtained are known by using this test procedure and
these can be checked by field control tests.
For Existing Natural soil, the maximum value of MDD is 2.10/cc with OMC 8.4% at Existing
Chainage 5+000 and , and minimum value is 1.90g/cc with OMC 12.8% at 10+000 for Existing
Natural soil.
Page 17 of 50
Pradesh
Table 2.5: MDD of Natural Ground Soil

0+000 2.10 8.40
5+000 2.04 11.18
10+000 1.96 12.10
15+000 1.90 12.80
20+000 1.94 13.20
25+000 1.96 11.80
30+000 1.94 13.40
2.5 FIELD MOISTURE CONTENT (%) (IS:2720 PART II)
The required quantity of soil samples collected from field depending on their gradation was taken and
kept in an oven for 24 hours and the moisture content determined as follows:
Where,
W3= Weight of Empty Container + Dry Soil For Existing Natural soil the maximum value of
FMC is 8.8% at Existing Chainage105+000 and the minimum value of FMC is 7.4 % at
Existing Change 120+000.
Table 2.6: FMC for Natural Ground Soil

0+000 7.90
5+000 8.20
10+000 8.80
15+000 7.60
20+000 8.30
25+000 7.40
30+000 7.90
Page 18 of 50
Pradesh
2.6 FREE SWELLING INDEX (%) IS 2720 PART XI
Free swelling index is the increase in the volume of soil mass without any external constraint when
subjected to submergence in water. The value is higher for fine grained soils having appreciable
amount of clay and even goes up to 300 % for expansive soils like Bentonite, Kaolinite etc.
For Existing Natural soil the free swelling index values are given in Table 2.7 respectively:
The maximum value of FSI for Existing Natural is 50.00 % at 3 locations and minimum value is
33.33 %
Table 2.7: FSI for Natural Ground Soil
Chainage Free-Swelling Index (%)

0+000 30.00
5+000 30.00
10+000 33.33
15+000 30.00
20+000 50.00
25+000 50.00
30+000 33.33
2.7 C.B.R. TEST (PART 2720-PART 16):
CBR Test Results have been presented in table 2.8.For Existing Natural soil the maximum value of
CBR is 14.43 % at Existing Chainage+95+000 and minimum value of CBR is 8.1 at Existing
Chainage 130+000.
Table 2.8: CBR of Natural Ground Soil

0+000 14.43
5+000 13.21
10+000 9.57
15+000 8.84
20+000 8.16
25+000 9.13
30+000 8.35
Page 19 of 50
Pradesh
2.8 SITE PHOTOS OF NATURAL GROUND SOIL
Fig 2.1 Site photographs of natural ground Soil sample
2.9 CONSOLIDATED TEST RESULTS
Below are the consolidated test results for Existing Subgrade soil, borrow area and Natural Ground
soil.
Table 2.9: Consolidated test Results for Natural Ground Soil
Page 20 of 50
Pradesh
Classification as
% passing through I.S.Sieve C.B.R. (%)
per I.S.-1498-1970 Field
% Sand FreeSwelling O.M.C. In soaked
Sr.NO Chainage Type of soil L.L. P.L. P.I. Moisture M.D.D.(gm/cc)
Content Typical Index (%) (%) condition
4.75 mm 2.00 mm 425 mic. 75 mic Symbol (%)
Name
Mixture
Coarse of silty
1 0+000 13.46 11.02 10.49 9.98 3.48 31.7 26.3 5.4 GM-GC 30 7.9 2.1 8.4 14.43
Grained clayey
gravel
Mixture
Coarse of silty
2 5+000 32.76 25.88 19.35 16.10 16.66 30.9 25.7 5.2 GM-GC 30 8.2 2.04 11.18 13.21
Grained clayey
gravel
Fine Silty
3 10+000 78.58 78.22 75.64 72.85 5.73 34.8 27.7 7.1 .CL 33.33 8.8 1.96 12.1 9.57
Grained Clay
Mixture
of silty &
Fine clay with
4 15+000 89.32 85.30 74.04 69.32 20.00 31.8 25.4 6.4 ML-CL 30 7.6 1.9 12.8 8.84
Grained low to
medium
plasticity
Fine Silty
5 20+000 95.98 93.28 90.48 88.70 7.28 36.7 27.4 9.3 .CL 50 8.3 1.94 13.2 8.16
Grained Clay
Fine Silty
6 25+000 98.13 95.83 93.19 90.63 7.50 36.2 27.1 9.1 .CL 50 7.4 1.96 11.8 9.13
Grained Clay
Mixture
of silty &
Fine clay with
7 30+000 87.34 83.54 75.94 67.68 19.66 32.9 26.8 6.1 ML-CL 33.33 7.9 1.94 13.4 8.35
Grained low to
medium
plasticity

Pradesh
Table: 2.10 Summary of Natural ground Soil test results
Liquid Limit % 37.4 30.9 33.85
Plastic Limit % 27.7 25.4 7.15
MDD gm /cc 2.1 1.9 1.964
OMC % 13.4 8.4 11.85
Soaked CBR % 14.43 8.1 9.844

Pradesh
3.0 Borrow Area Material
Borrow soil is generally used in embankment and sub grade layer. Sub grade is a layer of soil
prepared to stand against load of road material, traffic load and environmental conditions. The
load on pavement is ultimately received by the sub grade soil for dispersion to the earth mass
below. Therefore, it is essential that at no time, sub grade soil is overstressed, meaning that
the pressure transmitted on the top of the sub grade should be within the allowable limit, not to
cause excessive stress condition or to deform the same beyond elastic limit.
Soil that can be used as sub grade and embankment, identified from various borrow area
located in vicinity of project road. Other information like average lead distance of borrows area
from nearest point on project road, nature and direction etc is also obtained. Investigation of
Borrow area for road construction has been carried out to identify the potential sources for
embankment fill material and Sub grade material for new alignment.
The consultant had identified certain borrow areas for the soil required for the embankment
construction. These are only indicative and exhaustive search shall have to be done at the
time of construction. The borrow areas identified are mainly privately owned, agriculture and in
barren land.
Representative samples have been collected from these borrow areas for conducting
following test.
Grain size analysis IS 2720 (part IV)
Atterberg Limit IS 2720 (part V)
Maximum Dry Density (Heavy compaction) IS 2720 (part VII)
CBR test (4 days soaked and unsoaked ) IS 2720 (part XVI)
3.1 Laboratory Test
The samples collected from Borrow areas were carefully sealed and labelled for laboratory
assessment. The laboratory test comprises of determination of Atterberg’s Limit, Modified Proctor
test, soaked CBR and Grain Size Analysis etc. Test results and their analysis obtained from
laboratory tests are presented in Annexure and discussed below.
3.2 Type of Soil

Page 23 of 50
Pradesh
Classification and identification of the soil is done to find out the type of soil for different
Engineering purposes such as Irrigation, Road work, Highways, Buildings, Hydraulic
Structures etc. based on the different results obtained after testing of soils. Based on particle size,
soils are broadly classified into following two types:
Coarse-Grained Soils - In these soils, more than half the total material by weight is larger
than 75 micron IS Sieve size.
Fine Grained Soils - In these soils, more than half of the material by weight is smaller than
75-micron IS Sieve size.
Soil samples were washed on 75 micron IS Sieve as per IS: 2720 –part-4 and the % retained
and % passing was calculated after weighing of sample retained on the sieve after drying. Soil
is than classified as coarse grained and fine grained based on the amount of fraction greater
than or less than the half of the total material weight.
The results have been compiled in the form of tables As given below :
Table 3.1: Type of Borrow Area soil

BA-1 FINE GRAINED
BA-2 COARSE GRAINED
BA-3 FINE GRAINED
BA-4 COARSE GRAINED
BA-5 COARSE GRAINED
BA-6 COARSE GRAINED
BA-7 COARSE GRAINED
3.3 SOIL CLASSIFICATION (IS:1498)
Soil classification of Existing Subgrade soil, borrow area soil and Natural Ground soil are given in
Table 11, 12 and 13 respectively.
For Existing Sub grade soil, the soil shows mix characteristics such as NP to Mixture of silty & clay
with low to medium plasticity to Silty Gravel.
Table 3.2: Soil Classification of Borrow Area

Chainage
Symbol Typical Name
Mixture of silty & clay with low to medium
BA-1 ML-CL
plasticity
BA-2 NP NP
Mixture of silty & clay with low to medium
BA-3 ML-CL
plasticity
BA-4 NP NP

Page 24 of 50
Pradesh

Chainage
Symbol Typical Name
BA-5 NP NP
BA-6 NP NP
BA-7 GM Silty Gravel
3.4 Borrow Area Soil Sampling
Borrow areas were selected on the basis of minimum possible lead distance and sufficient strength.
Samples were collected from the borrow areas and tests were conducted to determine the soil
properties. Figure 3.1 illustrates map of borrow areas.
Page 25 of 50
Pradesh
Fig 3.1 Strip Chart showing Borrow areas
Page 26 of 50
Pradesh
3.5 Percentage of Sand Content
The fraction retained on 75 micron sieve as obtained after drying & weighing as per 3.1.1 was
than sieved through 4.75mm, 2.00mm, 425 micron and 75 micron sieve. % sand content is
material passing through 4.75mm sieve and retained on 75micron sieve.
As % sand content is the material of size between 4.75 mm and 75 micron, the value of it is
more than 50% for coarse grained soils and less than 50% for fine grained soils at different
Chainages.
The maximum and minimum values of % sand content for borrow area soil are 68.48 % and
12.66 % at BA-2 and BA-3 respectively.
Table 3.3 Percentage sand content of Borrow Area

BA-1 24.99
BA-2 68.48
BA-3 12.66
BA-4 59.88
BA-5 40.28
BA-6 41.20
BA-7 31.34
3.6 Atterberg’s Limit
For Borrow area soil the maximum value of Plasticity Index is 9.27 at BA-12 minimum value is
3.7 at BA-16.
Table 3.4: Atterberg’s Limits of Borrow Area

BA-1 30.50 25.20 5.30
BA-2 NP NP NP
BA-3 32.80 26.00 6.80
BA-4 NP NP NP
BA-5 NP NP NP
BA-6 NP NP NP
BA-7 28.90 25.00 3.90
The tests have been carried out according to provision given as per IS 2720 Part 5. The liquid limit
,plasticity index and plasticity limit are varying from 28.9 % to 32.8 % , 25% to 26 % and 3.9 % to 6.8
% respectively.
Page 27 of 50
Pradesh
3.7 Location of Borrow Area Samples:
Soil Borrow area identified during survey can be used for road embankment as well as for Sub
grade layer. The details of available source, location, average lead distance to the project road
etc are given in Table 3.5.miscellaneous details of borrow area has been presented in
Annexure. Borrow area chart has been given as Fig 3.1.
Table: 3.5 Borrow Area soil sample details
3.8 MDD BYHEAVY COMPACTION (IS:2720 PART 8)
Purpose of a laboratory compaction test is to determine the proper amount of mixing water to be
used, when compacting the soil in the field and the resulting degree of denseness which can be
expected from compaction at optimum moisture content. To accomplish this, laboratory test which
gives a degree of compaction comparable to that obtained by the field method is performed.
Some nearly cohesion less soils compact satisfactorily in the standard test although in many cases
the water density curve is not well defined. Frequently, too in these cases indicated, maximum
Page 28 of 50
Pradesh
For Borrow area soil, the maximum value of MDD is 2.07/cc with OMC 10.20% at BA-7 and
minimum value is 1.88g/cc with OMC 11.42% at BA-3.
Table 3.6: MDD of Borrow Area

BA-1 1.94 12.40
BA-2 2.00 9.61
BA-3 1.88 11.42
BA-4 2.00 9.60
BA-5 2.04 8.60
BA-6 2.05 9.40
BA-7 2.07 10.20
3.9 FIELD MOISTURE CONTENT (%) IS:2720 PART 1
The required quantity of soil samples collected from field depending on their gradation was taken and
kept in an oven for 24 hours and the moisture content determined as follows:
Where,
W3= Weight of Empty Container + Dry Soil
For Borrow area soil the maximum value of FMC is 9.1% at BA-3 and the minimum value of FMC is
8.20 % at BA-2.
Table 3.7 FMC for Borrow Area

BA-1 8.60
BA-2 8.20
BA-3 9.10
BA-4 9.00
BA-5 9.00
BA-6 9.00
BA-7 9.00
Free swelling index is the increase in the volume of soil mass without any external constraint when
subjected to submergence in water. The value is higher for fine grained soils having appreciable
amount of clay and even goes up to 300 % for expansive soils like Bentonite, Kaolinite etc.
Page 30 of 50
Pradesh
For Existing Subgrade soil the free swelling index values are given in Table 20respectively:
The maximum value of FSI for Existing Subgrade is 40.00 % at Existing Chainage35+000 and
minimum value is 0% at several other locations.
For Borrow area soil the free swelling index values are given in Table 20respectively:
The maximum value of FSI for borrow area is 33.33 % at BA-3 and minimum value is 0% at several
other locations.
Table 3.8: FSI for Borrow Area
Chainage Free Swelling Index (%)

BA-1 30.00
BA-2 0.00
BA-3 33.33
BA-4 0.00
BA-5 0.00
BA-6 0.00
BA-7 20.00
3.11 California Bearing Ratio (CBR TEST (PART 2720-PART 16))
CBR tests in Laboratory had been carried out on samples collected from pit as per IS: 2720
(Part- 16). CBR moulds are prepared by compaction of soil in five layers. Quantity of water
taken during remoulding of CBR specimen was equal to optimum moisture content. Soaked
CBR values had been worked out for 97% of MDD. The test result indicates variation of
soaked CBR value from 8.16% to 14.19%.
CBR test results for borrow area soil samples were conducted as per IS:2720-Part 16.For
Borrow area soil; the maximum value of CBR is 14.19 % at BA-7 and minimum value of CBR
is 8.59 at BA-1.
Table 3.9: Soaked CBR of Borrow Area

BA-1 8.59
BA-2 11.51
BA-3 8.16
BA-4 10.92
BA-5 13.70
BA-6 13.94
BA-7 14.19
Page 31 of 50
Pradesh
3.12 CONSOLIDATED TEST RESULTS

Below are the consolidated test results for Natural Ground soil presented in table 3.10.
Page 32 of 50
Pradesh
Table 3.10: Consolidated Test Results for Borrow Area
Classification as per
% passing through I.S.Sieve C.B.R. (%)
I.S.-1498-1970 Free Field
% Sand O.M.C. In soaked
S.NO Chainage Type of soil L.L. P.L. P.I. Swelling Moisture M.D.D.(gm/cc)
Content Typical (%) condition
4.75 mm 2.00 mm 425 mic. 75 mic Symbol Index (%) (%)
Name
Mixture of
silty & clay
FINE
1 BA-1 94.32 90.21 82.31 69.33 24.99 30.5 25.2 5.3 ML-CL with low to 30 8.6 1.94 12.4 8.59
GRAINED
medium
plasticity
COARSE
2 BA-2 85.95 69.54 31.70 17.46 68.48 NP NP NP NP NP 0 8.2 2 9.61 11.51
GRAINED
Mixture of
silty & clay
FINE
3 BA-3 99.78 96.35 89.86 87.12 12.66 32.8 26 6.8 ML-CL with low to 33.33 9.1 1.88 11.42 8.16
GRAINED
medium
plasticity
COARSE
4 BA-4 83.02 77.45 51.02 23.15 59.88 NP NP NP NP NP 0 9 2 9.6 10.92
GRAINED
COARSE
5 BA-5 49.66 18.09 12.01 9.38 40.28 NP NP NP NP NP 0 9 2.04 8.6 13.7
GRAINED
COARSE
6 BA-6 48.52 30.14 18.21 7.32 41.20 NP NP NP NP NP 0 9 2.05 9.4 13.94
GRAINED
COARSE Silty
7 BA-7 41.89 32.04 15.75 10.55 31.34 28.9 25 3.9 GM 20 9 2.07 10.2 14.19
GRAINED Gravel

Pradesh
Table: 3.11 Summary of Borrow Area
Liquid Limit % 32.8 28.9 30.73
Plastic Limit % 26 25.0 25.4
MDD gm /cc 2.07 1.88 1.9
OMC % 12.4 8.6 10.17
Soaked CBR % 14.19 8.16 11.57
3.13 Site Photographs of Borrow Area :
Borrow area at km 07+250 Borrow area at km 9+200
Fig 3.1-Photographs of Borrow area site
4.0 Quarry Materials
The Consultant has identified Quarries for the purpose of course aggregate and fine aggregates
on the basis of aggregate suitability and without leading to any adverse environmental impact.
Quarry chart has been given at the end of the chapter as an Annexure.

Page 32 of 50
Pradesh
The samples collected from the quarries were tested for:
Course Aggregate
Aggregate Impact value : IS 2386 (Part IV)
Water Absorption : IS 2386 (Part III)
Specific Gravity : IS 2386 (Part II)
Stripping Value : IS 2386 (Part VII)
Soundness : IS 2386 (Part IV)
S.NO. DESCRIPTION OF TEST TEST METHOD
1 WATER ABSORPTION (%) IS:2386-1963 PART-3
2 AGGREGATE IMPACT VALUE (%) IS:2386-1963 PART-4
3 SOUNDNESS (Na2SO4 5- cycles) IS:2386-1963 PART-5
4 LOS ANGELES ABRARSION VALUE (%) IS:2386-1963 PART-4
All the samples passed for the above tests.
5.0 Sources of water for construction

River water is available in abundance along side project Corridor; which can be used as water
source for construction. List is mentioned below for same.
Table 5.1: Details of Streams Crossing Nanasa-Pidgaon Section (Km 95 to Km 141.530) of NH-59A
Sn. Details Chainage (Km)

1. Narmada River 103.500

Page 33 of 50
Pradesh
6. FIELD DRY DENSITY
The dry density of the compacted soil or pavement material is a common measure of the amount of the
compaction achieved during the construction. Knowing the field density and field moisture content, the
dry density is calculated. Therefore field density test is important as a field control test for the compaction
of soil or any other pavement layer.
The basic principle of sand replacement method is to measure the in-situ volume of hole from which the
material was excavated from the weight of sand with known density filling in the hole. The in-situ density
of material is given by the weight of the excavated material divided by the in-situ volume.
The field density of existing Existing Subgradehas been done on all the Existing Chainages from where
test pits have been collected as per IS: 2720 part-28. The results in terms of % compaction achieved for
all the Existing Chainages from 0+000 to 30+000 is tabulated below. The maximum and minimum % of
compaction is 2.04% and 1.85% at Existing Chainage 30+000 and 0+000 respectively.
The field density of existing Existing Natural soil has been done on all the Existing Chainages from where
test pits have been collected as per IS: 2720 part-28. The results in terms of % compaction achieved for
all the Existing Chainages from 0+000 to 30+000 is tabulated below. The maximum and minimum % of
compaction is 99.61% and 93.65% at Existing Chainage 0+000 and 30+000 respectively.
Page 34 of 50
Pradesh

Pradesh

Pradesh
7. CRUST COMPOSITION
The test pit was excavated at approximately 5 km distance and crust thickness was also measured at each
location. The thickness of bituminous layer, W BM/WMM and GSB was also measured. Photographs of crust
composition are attached in Fig1.1. The following are the details of crust measurement at all the Existing
Chainages.
Table 7.1 Crust Composition details

NH-59A NANASA-PIDGAON SECTION
Bitumen Layer Non Bitumen Layer Depth of
Sr. No. Chaingae Location TOTAL
TOTAL Subgrade
Ist IInd IIIrd Ivth Ist IInd IIIrd Ivth
1 0+000 RHS 150 - - - 150 150 150 - - 300 450
2 5+000 LHS 150 -- - - 150 300 - - 300 450
3 10+000 RHS 100 - - - 100 250 100 - - 350 450
4 15+000 LHS 100 50 - - 150 100 200 - - 300 450
5 20+000 RHS 90 - - - 90 250 250 - - 500 590
6 25+000 LHS 120 - - - 120 200 200 - - 400 520
7 30+000 RHS 100 100 150 - 350 - 450 - - 450 800
-
8. ANNEXURE
8.1 CALIBRATION CHART OF CBR TEST
Fig 8.1 Load versus penetration (mm)
Page 37 of 50
Pradesh
8.2 ATTERBERG’S LIMIT GRAPHS
8.2.1 SUBGRADE SOIL GRAPH:
CHAINAGE-0+000
CHAINAGE5+000
Page 38 of 50
Pradesh
CHAINAGE-10+000
CHAINAGE-15+000

Page 40 of 50
Pradesh
CHAINAGE-20+000
CHAINAGE-25+000

Page 41 of 50
Pradesh
CHAINAGE-30+000
Page 42 of 50
Pradesh
BORROW AREA-1
Page 43 of 50
Pradesh
BORROW AREA -3
BORROW AREA -7
Page 44 of 50
Pradesh
1.1.1 NATURAL SOIL GRAPHS
CHAINAGE-0+000
CHAINAGE-5+000
Page 45 of 50
Pradesh
CHAINAGE-10+000
CHAINAGE-15+000
Page 46 of 50
Pradesh
CHAINAGE-20+000
CHAINAGE-25+000
Page 47 of 50
Pradesh
Page 48 of 50
Pradesh
CHAINAGE-
30+000

Vol - 3 - Material Report

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Vol - 3 - Material Report

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

National Highways Authority of India

(Ministry of Road Transport & Highways) Government of India

Consultancy Services for preparation of Detailed Project Report for 40

1.1 Project Description

Table 1.1 – Start and End of the Project Corridor

Location Latitude (N) Longitude (E)

Start Point of Project Road 22°39'23.37"N 76°46'26.53"E

End Point of Project Road Km 141.530 NH-

1.2 Scope of Work

M/s Lion Engineering Consultants, Bhopal

• Assessing the characteristics and availability of construction materials to be used for

1.4 Geography & Climate

M/s Lion Engineering Consultants, Bhopal

1.5 Terrain Classification

1.6 Sub-grade Characteristics and Strength

in-situ density and moisture content at each test pit

field CBR using DCP at each test pit

laboratory moisture-density characteristics (modified AASHTO compaction);

M/s Lion Engineering Consultants, Bhopal

Grain size analysis IS 2720 (part IV)

Atterberg Limit IS 2720 (part V

Optimum Moisture Content and Dry Density IS 2720 (part VII)

CBR test (Unsoaked and 4 days soaked) IS 2720 (part XVI)

Samples were collected in eight successive days, dated 17/12/2020 to 24/12/2020.

1.7.1 Existing Subgrade Soil Sample

1.8 Soil Characteristics

1.8.1 Type of Soil

Table 1.1: Type of Existing Subgrade Soil

Chainage Type of soil

0+000 FINE GRAINED

M/s Lion Engineering Consultants, Bhopal

1.8.2 Percentage of Sand Content

Table 1.3 Percentage sand content of existing subgrade soil

Chainage Sand content(%)

1.8.3 Soil Classification

The coarse-grained soil is further divided into two subdivisions namely:

Test results have been compiled in table 1.9.

1.8.4 Atterberg’s Limit

M/s Lion Engineering Consultants, Bhopal

two shocks per second.

Table 1.4: Atterberg’s Limits of Existing Subgrade soil

Chainage L.L. P.L. P.I.

M/s Lion Engineering Consultants, Bhopal

1.8.5 Site Photograph of existing sub-grade test pit

Test Pit at Km 30+000

Fig 1.1 Site photograph of Test Pit (Existing Sub-grade)

1.8.6 Heavy Compaction (IS:2720 Part 8)

M/s Lion Engineering Consultants, Bhopal

Table 1.5 MDD of Existing Subgrade Soil

Chainage M.D.D.(gm/cc) O.M.C. (%)

1.8.6 Field Moisture Content (%) (IS:2720 Part II)

W1= Weight of Empty Container

W2= Weight of Empty Container+ Wet Soil

W3= Weight of Empty Container + Dry Soil

Chainage Field Moisture (%)

M/s Lion Engineering Consultants, Bhopal

Chainage Field Moisture (%)

1.8.7 FREE SWELLING INDEX (%) IS 2720 PART XI

Chainage Free-Swelling Index (%)

1.8.8 California Bearing Ratio (CBR)

M/s Lion Engineering Consultants, Bhopal

California Bearing Ratio = PT/PS X 100

M/s Lion Engineering Consultants, Bhopal