Tortora’s Principles of Anatomy and Physiology o which compresses the tendon during shoulder movements

12th edition o poor posture and body mechanics also increase

Joints compression of the supraspinatus muscle tendon
Chapter 9 pp. 264-298

Bursae
 sac-like structures
 situated to alleviate friction in some joints such as shoulder
and knee joints
 can be located between the
o skin and bones
o tendons and bones
o muscles and bones
o ligaments and bones
 not strictly part of synovial joints but resemble joint capsules
o their walls consist of CT lined by a synovial membrane
o filled with small amount of fluid similar with synovial fluid
 fluid-filled bursal sacs cushion movement of the body parts
against one another

Tendon (synovial) sheaths

 tube-like bursae that wrap around certain tensions that
experience considerable friction
 occurs when tendons pass through synovial cavities, where
many tendons come together in a confined space or where
there is great deal of movement
o biceps brachii muscle at shoulder joint
o wrist and ankle
o fingers and toes

Bursitis
 acute or chronic inflammation of bursa
 usually caused by irritation from repeated, excessive joint
exertion
 may be caused by:
o trauma
o acute or chronic infection (syphilis and tuberculosis)
o rheumatoid arthritis
 symptoms include
o pain
o swelling
o tenderness
o limited movement
 treatment may include
o oral anti-inflammatory agents
o injections of corticosteroids

Rotator Cuff Injury

 strain or tear in the rotator cuff muscles
 common injury among baseball pitchers, volleyball and racket
sports players, swimmers, and violinists
 due to shoulder movements that involve vigorous circumduction
 also occurs as a result of:
o wear and tear
o aging
o trauma
o poor posture
o improper lifting
o repetitive motions
 most often there is tearing of the supraspinatus muscle tendon
of the rotator cuff
o this tendon is especially predisposed to wear and tear
because of its location between head of humerus and
acromion of scapula