A New Approach To Sensorless Vector Control of Induction Motor

International Journal of Marketing and Technology
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Management of E-Waste- Black to Green.

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Customer Retention In Nationalised Banks In Erode of Tamilnadu.

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The Use of Visual Cues and Metaphors in Advertising.

4 Vikram Kapoor
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Library Administration Vs Management.

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Organizational Competency Management: A Competence Performance Approach.

7 Dr. A. Kumuudha, K. Prabakar and Benny J. Godwin
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Impact of Just-In-Time Production Towards Global Competitiveness Through Competency

8 Management. 122-133
Dr. A. Kumuudha, Benny J. Godwin and K. Prabakar
Data Mining Issues and Key to Success.
9 Deep Mala Sihint
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Synthesis of MCM-41 via different routes.

10 Ranajyoti Das and Bharat Modhera
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Green Marketing – A Bridge Between Consumerism And Conservation.

11 Richa Arora and Nitin R. Mahankale
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An Empirical Study On The Effect of Payment Mechanism For Purchasing Intention – The Moderating
12 Effect of Consumer Involvement in Selected Product Categories in Vadodara. 185-213
CS. Ashutosh A. Sandhe, Dr. Amit R. Pandya and DR. Abhijeet Chatterjee
A New approach to Sensor less vector control of induction motors.
13 G. Srinivas and Dr. S. Tarakalyani
214-228
Eyes Bamboozling the Mind: Use of Optical Illusion in Advertising.

14 Vikram Kapoor
229-247
Perception Of Employees Towards Performance Appraisal In Insurance Sector.

15 Rita Goyal
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Process Improvement of an Organization Enhancing Better Quality System – Applying TQM.

16 Bhupender Singh, O. P. Mishra and Surender Singh
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Volume 1, Issue 7 ISSN: 2249-1058
2011 __________________________________________________________
Chief Patron
Dr. JOSE G. VARGAS-HERNANDEZ
Member of the National System of Researchers, Mexico
Research professor at University Center of Economic and Managerial Sciences,
University of Guadalajara
Director of Mass Media at Ayuntamiento de Cd. Guzman
Ex. director of Centro de Capacitacion y Adiestramiento
Patron
Dr. Mohammad Reza Noruzi
PhD: Public Administration, Public Sector Policy Making Management,
Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
Faculty of Economics and Management, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
Young Researchers' Club Member, Islamic Azad University, Bonab, Iran
Chief Advisors
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Senior Asst. Professor,
Department of MBA, Mangalore Institute of Technology and Engineering, Moodabidri
Dr. SUNIL KUMAR MISHRA

Associate Professor,
Dronacharya College of Engineering, Gurgaon, INDIA
Mr. GARRY TAN WEI HAN

Lecturer and Chairperson (Centre for Business and Management),
Department of Marketing, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, MALAYSIA
MS. R. KAVITHA
Assistant Professor,
Aloysius Institute of Management and Information, Mangalore, INDIA
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Assistant Professor,
Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Sardar Raja College of Engineering,
Alangulam Tirunelveli, TAMIL NADU, INDIA
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Editorial Board
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ESADE Business School, Department of Marketing, SPAIN
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Software Research Eng, Department of Bioinformatics, GERMANY

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Mr. SANJAY ASATI
Dept of ME, M. Patel Institute of Engg. & Tech., GONDIA(M.S.)
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N.M.D. College of Management and Research, GONDIA(M.S.)
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Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, BHOPAL
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Prof. Dr. BADAR ALAM IQBAL
Associate Professor, Department of Commerce, Aligarh Muslim University, UP
Dr. CH. JAYASANKARAPRASAD

Assistant Professor, Dept. of Business Management, Krishna University, A. P., INDIA
Technical Advisors
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Department of Chemical Engineering, NIT Karnataka, Mangalore, INDIA
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Associate Professor ,Department of Business Management, RAJKOT, INDIA
MOID UDDIN AHMAD

Assistant Professor, Jaipuria Institute of Management, NOIDA
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Assistant Professor, G D Goenka World Institute, Lancaster University, NEW DELHI
Mr. P. PRABHU
Assistant Professor, Alagappa University, KARAIKUDI
Mr. MANISH KUMAR

Assistant Professor, DBIT, Deptt. Of MBA, DEHRADUN
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Ms. SUPRIYA RAHEJA

Assistant Professor, CSE Department of ITM University, GURGAON

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Title
A New approach to Sensor less vector

control of induction motors
Author(s)
G. Srinivas Dr. S. Tarakalyani

Assistant professor Assoc Professor
Gitam University Hyderabad J.N.T.U.H Hyderabad

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Abstract:
Induction motors are used in variable speed drive applications with the development of vector
control technology. There are two forms of vector or field oriented control: direct field
orientation, which relies on direct measurement or estimation of the rotor flux, and indirect field
orientation, which utilizes an inherent slip relation. Though indirect field orientation essentially
uses the command (reference) rotor flux, some recent works using the actual rotor flux are
reported to achieve perfect decoupling Estimation rather than measurement of the rotor flux is an
alternative approach for both direct and indirect field orientation that has received considerable
attention. In this paper the rotor flux and speed control of induction motor is presented using a
novel technique in which the induction motor model in rotor reference frame is considered.
Controllers used for sensor less control of the drive. The estimation technique works well and the
sensor less speed control scheme can achieve fast transient response as good as that of the
induction motor with sensors and at the same time maintain a wide speed control range. This
paper presents work on flux and speed estimation of induction motor by considering the rotor
reference frame of the Induction motor using MATLAB / Simulink.
Index Terms— Induction motor, Kalman filter, Sensor less control, Simulink.
INTRODUCTION:
In a field oriented induction motor drive, the field flux and armature mmf are separately created
and controlled based on the vector coordinate transformations. These projections lead to a
structure similar to that of a DC machine control[1]-[3]. The field oriented control is used in
most of the induction motor drive applications in order to obtain high control performance, but it
needs motor flux position (rotor flux angle) information and utilizes AC excitation voltages for
the current regulation. Current regulation is provided with advanced feedback control methods
based on the current measurements taken at the output of excitation voltages supplied from
voltage source inverter (VSI). The rotor flux angle can be measured by using shaft sensor and
that information is utilized by field orientation scheme. However, as discussed in the current
study, sensor less control algorithms[5]-[8] eliminate the need for a shaft sensor. The induction

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machine drives without the speed sensor are attractive due to low cost and high reliability.
Therefore, flux and speed estimations have become particular issues of the field oriented control
in the recent years. The main advantages of speed sensor less induction motor drives are lower
cost, reduced size of the drive machine, elimination of sensor cable and increased reliability. As
it is stated, for implementing vector control, the determination of the rotor flux position is
required. Two basic approaches to determine the rotor flux position angle have evolved. One of
them is the direct field orientation which depends on direct measurement or estimation of rotor
flux magnitude and angle. From the feasibility point of view, implementation of the direct
method is difficult. The other one is the indirect field orientation which makes use of slip relation
in computing the angle of the rotor flux relative to rotor axis.
The Field Oriented Control (Vector Control) of Induction Machines:

Basically, field oriented control[4],[9] (FOC) is a method based on vector coordinates. The term
“vector” refers to the control technique that controls both the amplitude and the phase of AC
excitation voltage. Vector control is used for controllers that maintain 90° spatial orientation
between the two field components which are d and q co-ordinates of a time invariant system. In a
field oriented induction motor drive, the field flux and armature mmf are separately created and
controlled based on the vector coordinate transformations. These projections lead to a structure
similar to that of a DC machine control. The field oriented control is used in most of the
induction motor drive applications in order to obtain high control performance, but it needs
motor flux position (rotor flux angle) information and utilizes AC excitation voltages for the
current regulation. Current regulation is provided with advanced feedback control methods based
on the current measurements taken at the output of excitation voltages supplied from voltage
source inverter (VSI). The rotor flux angle can be measured by using shaft sensor and that
information is utilized by field orientation scheme. However, as discussed in the current study,
sensor less control algorithms eliminates the need for a shaft sensor. The induction machine
drives without the speed sensor are attractive due to low cost and high reliability. Therefore, flux
and speed estimations have become particular issues of the field oriented control in the recent
years. The main advantages of speed sensor less induction motor drives are lower cost, reduced
size of the drive machine, elimination of sensor cable and increased reliability. As it is stated,

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2011 __________________________________________________________
for implementing vector control, the determination of the rotor flux position is required. Two
basic approaches to determine the
rotor flux position angle have evolved. One of them is the direct field orientation which depends
on direct measurement or estimation of rotor flux magnitude and angle. From the feasibility
point of view, implementation of the direct method is difficult. The other one is the
indirect field orientation which makes use of slip relation in computing the angle of the rotor flux
relative to rotor axis.
Fig.2 Field orientation control of Induction Motor
Field orientation control of Induction Motor
Stator quadrature axis flux linkage
= ids/1+τrs
τrs=

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Stator direct axis current reference
Rotor flux position :
)dt
Sensor less Vector Control of Induction Machine:
To implement vector control, determination of the rotor flux position is required. Rotor speed or
position could be measured by a shaft sensor. Moreover, rotor flux position could be taken by
sensing the air-gap flux with the flux sensing coils. The main drawbacks of using speed/position
sensor are high cost, lower system reliability and special attention to noise. Such problems make
sensor less drives popular. The recent trend in field-oriented control [11]-[14] is towards
avoiding the use of speed sensors and using algorithms based on the terminal quantities of the
machine for the estimation of the fluxes. Different solutions for sensor less drives have been
proposed in the past few years. Saliency based fundamental or high frequency signal injection is
one of the flux and speed estimation techniques. A method involving modulation of the rotor
slots results in a salient rotor, and the saliency can be tracked by imposing a balanced, three-
phase, high-frequency set of harmonics from the inverter. An alternative method is to use
saliency caused by magnetic saturation the absolute rotor position can be detected. The
advantage of the saliency technique is that the saliency is not sensitive to actual motor
parameters the rotor speed[10] can be estimated through nonlinear observers alternatively, the
rotor speed can be considered as a parameter and estimated using recursive identification. The
latter method can also be augmented to include machine parameter estimation (inductances,
resistances, and time constants). These methods do not need to rely on harmonics or saliency,
and the hardware requirements are the same as for the digital implementation of vector control,
given that the estimation algorithm is not too complex. Their drawback is that the rotor speed
estimate will be inaccurate if the non-estimated machine parameters are not known..

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December IJMT Volume 1, Issue 7 ISSN: 2249-1058
2011 __________________________________________________________
Induction motor modeling:
Fig.2 Induction motor block diagram
Fig.3 Speed and Estimator block
Fig.4 control and logic block

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Fig.5sensorless vector control induction motor Mat lab/Simulink model
Table.1
Ratings and parameters of induction motors
SIMULATION RESULTS:
Direct Torque Control of Induction machine is simulated on MATLAB or SIMULINK- platform

to study various aspects of the controller. This chapter discusses a realization of difference in
response of induction motor with regular input and the implementation of Direct Torque Control
(DTC) technique.

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In this Simulink block diagram the induction motor is fed from a balanced three phase supply.
For the induction motor block torque and speed estimation block is added in order to observe
response of an induction motor. The balance three phase supply is converted into the voltages of
the d-q axis components for the estimation of the motor parameters. In the fallowing block only
the subsystems of induction motor and torque & speed estimation block are presented for the
simplicity purpose. From the above simulation results it is observed that the induction motor
parameters can be estimated by simulating the induction motor model equations. Fig 6. shows
the plot between rotor speed versus time. Fig 7-9 shows the estimated value of the induction
motor. For all the results the initial time taken is 2 msec after that it comes to steady state.
Fig.6. rotor torque
Fig.7. stator currents direct axis and quadrature axis (Ids, iqs)

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Fig.8. rotor speed
Fig.9. Rotor currents direct axis and quadrature axis (idr, iqr)
Conclusion:
The estimation of rotor flux and speed of induction motor is presented by the rotor reference
frame model equations by using the flux and speed estimator. The dynamic response of sensor
less speed control is as fast as that of the machine with physical sensors. Sensor less speed
control scheme works for a wide speed control range.
Reference:
G. C. Verghese, and S. R. Sanders, “Observers for flux estimation in induction machines”,
IEEE Trans. on Indust. Elect., vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 85-94, 1988.
H. Kubota, K. Matsuse and T. Nakano, “DSP-based speed adaptive flux observer of
induction motor,” IEEE Trans. on Ind. Applicat., vol. 29, pp. 344-348, March/April 1993.

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2011 __________________________________________________________
L. Harnefors and H.P. Nee, “Full-order observers for flux and parameter estimation of
induction motors,” EPE'97, vol. 3, Trondheim, 1997, pp. 375-381.
J.H. Kim, J.W. Choi and S.K. Sul, “Novel rotor-flux observer using observer characteristic
function in complex vector space for field-oriented induction motor drives,” IEEE Trans. Ind.
Applicat., vol. 38, pp. 1334-1343, Sept./Oct. 2002.
M. Hinkkanen, “Analysis and design of full-order flux observers for sensorless induction
motors,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 51, pp. 1033- 1040, Oct. 2004.
F. Alonge, F. D’Ippolito, G. Giardina and T. Scaffidi, “Design and low cost implementation
of an optimal robust reduced order rotor flux observer for induction motor control,” IEEE
Transaction on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, n.6, December 2007.
T. Du, P. Vas and F. Stronach, “Design and applications of extended observers for joint
states and parameter estimation in high-performance AC drives,” IEE Proc. Electric Power
Applicat., vol. 142, No. 2, pp. 71-78, March 1995.
M. Barut, S. Bogosyan, and M. Gokasan, “Speed-sensorless estimation for induction motors
using Extented Kalman Finters,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 54, NO. 1, February 2007,
pp. 272-280.
S. Bogosyan, M. Barut, and M. Gokasan, “Braided extended Kalman filters for sensorless
estimation in induction motors at high-low/zero speed,”IET Control Theory Appl., vol. 1, no.
4, 2007, pp. 987-998.
L. Cai, Y. Zhang, Z. Zhang, C. Liu and Z. Lu, “Application of Genetic Algorithms in EKF
for Speed Estimation of an Inducion Motor, Proc. on IEEE Power Electronics Specialist
Conference, Vol. 1, 15-19 June 2003, pp. 345-349
F. Alonge, F. D'Ippolito and F.M. Raimondi, “Least squares and genetic algorithms for
parameters identification of induction motors,” Control Engineering Practice, June 2001, vol.
9/6, pp.647-657.
K. Rajashekara, A. Kawamura, K. Maytsuse, Sensorless Control ofAC Motor Drives – Speed
and Position Sensorless Operation, IEEE Press, 1996.
P. Vas, Sensorless Vector and Direct Torque Control, Oxford University Press, New York,
1998.
B. K. Bose, Modern Power Electronics and AC Drives, Prentice Hall PTR, Upper Saddle
River: 2002.

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A New Approach To Sensorless Vector Control of Induction Motor

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International Journal of Marketing and Technology

Management of E-Waste- Black to Green.

Customer Retention In Nationalised Banks In Erode of Tamilnadu.

The Use of Visual Cues and Metaphors in Advertising.

Library Administration Vs Management.

Organizational Competency Management: A Competence Performance Approach.

Impact of Just-In-Time Production Towards Global Competitiveness Through Competency

Synthesis of MCM-41 via different routes.

Green Marketing – A Bridge Between Consumerism And Conservation.

Eyes Bamboozling the Mind: Use of Optical Illusion in Advertising.

Perception Of Employees Towards Performance Appraisal In Insurance Sector.

Process Improvement of an Organization Enhancing Better Quality System – Applying TQM.

Dr. SUNIL KUMAR MISHRA

Mr. GARRY TAN WEI HAN

Dr. A. JUSTIN DIRAVIAM

International Journal of Marketing and Technology

Dr. RAMPRATAP SINGH

Dr. Y. LOKESWARA CHOUDARY

Prof. Dr. TEKI SURAYYA

Dr. A. ARUL LAWRENCE SELVAKUMAR

Mr. GURSEL ILIPINAR

Mr. ZEESHAN AHMED

International Journal of Marketing and Technology

Editorial Advisory Board

Dr. ROLI PRADHAN

Dr. RAJIV KHOSLA

Dr. (Mrs.) MANISHA N. PALIWAL

Dr. (Mrs.) ARCHANA ARJUN GHATULE

Dr. NEELAM RANI DHANDA

Dr. FARAH NAAZ GAURI

International Journal of Marketing and Technology

Dr. CH. JAYASANKARAPRASAD

Mr. Ankit Jain

MOID UDDIN AHMAD

Dr. SUNEEL ARORA

Mr. MANISH KUMAR

Mrs. BABITA VERMA

Ms. MONIKA BHATNAGAR

Ms. SUPRIYA RAHEJA

International Journal of Marketing and Technology