Art. 140.

Penalty for sedition

Persons liable:

1) The leader of the sedition;

2) Other persons participating in the sedition.

 Art. 141. Conspiracy to commit sedition.

Elements:

1) Two (2) or more persons come to an agreement to rise publicly and

tumultuously to attain any of the objects of sedition; and

2) They decide to commit it.

 Art. 142. Inciting to sedition
Elements:

1) Offender does not take direct part in the crime of sedition;

2) He incites others to the accomplishment of any of the acts which constitute sedition;

3) Inciting is done by means of speeches, proclamations, writings, emblems, cartoons,

banners, or other representations

Punishable acts:

1) Inciting others to the accomplishment of any of the acts which constitute sedition
by means of speeches, proclamations, writings, emblems, etc.

2) Uttering seditious words or speeches which tend to disturb the public peace.

3) Writing, publishing, or circulating scurrilous libels against the Government or any of the
duly constituted authorities thereof, which tend to disturb the public peace.
CRIMES AGAINST POPULAR REPRESENTATION
 Art. 144. Disturbance of proceedings

Elements:

1) There is a meeting of Congress or any of its committees or subcommittees,

constitutional commissions or committees or divisions thereof, or of any
provincial board or city or municipal council or board
2) Offender does any of the following acts:
a) disturbs any of such meetings, or
b) behaves while in the presence of any such bodies in such a manner
as to interrupt its proceedings or to impair the respect due it.
Art. 145. Violation of parliamentary immunity

Punishable acts:

1) Using force, intimidation, threats, or fraud to prevent any member of Congress from:

a) attending the meetings of Congress or of any of its committees or

subcommittees, constitutional commissions or committees or divisions thereof,

b) expressing his opinions, or

c) casting his vote

Note: The offender in this case may be any person

2) Arresting or searching any member of Congress while it is in regular or special session, except
in case such member has committed a crime punishable under the Code by a penalty higher than
prision mayor
ILLEGAL ASSEMBLIES AND ASSOCIATIONS
 Art. 146. Illegal assemblies.
Two forms:

1) Any meeting attended by armed persons for the purpose of committing any of the crimes
punishable under the Code

a) There is a meeting, a gathering or group of persons, whether in a fixed placed or

moving.

b) The meeting is attended by armed persons.

c) The purpose of the meeting is to commit any of the crimes punishable under the
Code.

2) Any meeting in which the audience, whether armed or not, is incited to the commission
of the crime of treason, rebellion or insurrection, sedition or assault upon a person in
authority.
 Elements:

a) There is a meeting, a gathering or group of persons, whether in a fixed placed or

moving.

b) The audience, whether armed or not, is incited to the commission of the crime
of treason, rebellion or insurrection, sedition or direct assault

Presumptions:

If any person carries an unlicensed firearm, it is presumed that:

1) The purpose of the meeting insofar as he is concerned is to commit acts punishable under
the RPC, and

2) He is considered a leader or organizer of the meeting

Art. 147. Illegal associations

Prohibited associations:

1) Associations totally or partially organized for the purpose of committing

any of the crimes punishable under the Code.
2) Associations totally or partially organized for some purpose contrary to
public morals.
Persons liable:

1) Founders, directors and president of the association;

2) Mere members of the association.