A carrot has a diploid number of 18.

What is it's 9
haploid number?

Gametes are produced by the process of ___. meiosis

Another word for sex cell is ___. gamete

During which stage of meiosis do chromosomes form prophase I

tetrads?

During which stage of meiosis do sister chromatids anaphase II

separate from each other?

What is the diploid number of chromosomes in 46 (also written as 2n=46)

humans?

What is the haploid number for humans? 23 (also written as n=23)

_________ chromosomes are chromosomes that have Homologous

the same types of genes, but are not identical.

_________ are chromosomes that have the same types Sister chromatids
of genes, and are identical.

A(n) _____ is a segment of DNA that has the gene

instructions for making one protein.

A chromosome is made of ___ DNA molecule(s) one

When two homologous chromosomes are lined up tetrad

right next to each other during meiosis, they are
referred to as a(n) ___.
When homologous chromosomes are lined up next to crossing over
each other during meiosis, they might swap pieces of
DNA. This phenomenon is called ___.

When chromosomes are lined up like this during

meiosis, what are they referred to

A tetrad,

as?,

Which process from meiosis is shown below and

The picture shows "crossing over" and it usually happens during prophase I.,
during which stage would it occur?,

When Gregor Mendel crossed true-breeding tall plants all tall

with true-breeding short plants, the offspring were ___.

If the offspring from a true-breeding tall plant and a about 75% tall and 25% short (Remember, it asked about the F2 generation. The true-breeding
true-breeding short plant are allowed to self-pollinate, parents would be the P generation. Their offspring who were allowed to self-pollinate were the F1
they will produce offspring in the F2 generation that generation. The offspring that resulted from the self-pollination were the F2 generation)
are ___.

Plants with the ___ form of a trait are always true- recessive
breeding.

Plants with the ____ form of a trait can be true- dominant

breeding while other plants with that trait might not be
true-breeding.

When alleles ___ from each other, they separate. segregate

Different forms of the same gene are called _____. alleles

The types of alleles that an organism inherits is known genotype (example = Bb)
as the ______.

The physical expression of two alleles is known as the phenotype

organism's _____.

If B = brown eyes and b = blue eyes, what will be the Brown eyes
color of your eyes if your genotype is BB?

If B = brown eyes and b = blue eyes, what will be the Brown eyes (remember that B is dominant)
color of your eyes if your genotype is Bb?

If B = brown eyes and b = blue eyes, what will be the blue eyes
color of your eyes if your genotype is bb?

If B = brown eyes and b = blue eyes, what would the Bb (remember that 'hetero' means 'mixed')
organism's genotype be if the organism was
heterozygous?

If B = brown eyes and b = blue eyes, what would the BB (remember that 'homo' means 'same')
organism's genotype be if the organism is
homozygous dominant?

If B = brown eyes and b = blue eyes, what would the bb (remember that 'homo' means 'same')
organism's genotype be if the organism is
homozygous recessive?

Another word for heterozygous is ____. hybrid

Another word for homozygous is ____. purebred

Another word for purebred is ____. homozygous,

Another word for hybrid is ____. heterozygous,

The process of making proteins inside cells is called protein synthesis

______.

Inside which organelle is DNA located? nucleus (Remember, prokaryotes don't have a nucleus, so their DNA is located out in the
cytosol/cytoplasm)

On which organelle are proteins made? ribosomes (This is true of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotic ribosomes are a little bit
smaller, but otherwise very similar to the eukaryotic ribosome),

The process of making a strand of m-RNA in the transcription

nucleus is called _____.

Which nucleotide do you find in RNA but not DNA?, uracil

Uracil bonds to _____ at the nitrogenous base. adenine

The process of using the code on RNA to make a long translation

chain of amino acids in the correct order to form a
protein is called _____.
Which type of molecule brings amino acids to the site transfer RNA (t-RNA)
of protein synthesis?

Which molecule attaches to a ribosome and serves as messenger RNA (m-RNA)

a code for putting amino acids together?

How many nucleotides are needed to code for 1 amino 3

acid?,

How many different types of amino acids are used to 20

make proteins?

Each set of 3 nucleotides on a strand of m-RNA is codon

called a(n) _____.,
How many nucleotides are found at the bottom of a
molecule of t-RNA and are involved with bonding to
m-RNA?

3 (The part labeled B in the diagram below),

How many amino acids are found attached to a
molecule of t-RNA?

1,

A change in the sequence of nucleotides in a molecule mutation

of DNA is called a(n) ____.,

Mutations that are harmful are usually weeded out by natural selection
______.

Mutations in a gene that are helpful usually become allele (a different form of a gene)
part of the gene pool as a new ____.

Which enzyme is required for transcription? RNA Polymerase (remember, you are making RNA during transcription)

Genes contain instructions for assembling ___. proteins

Proteins are made out of ____. amino acids

The picture below is called the genetic code (All organisms, from prokaryotic bacteria all the way up to humans, use this same
____.,

genetic code),

What is the name of the organelle that can modify golgi

proteins after they have been made in the rough ER?

A mutation that involves one or a few nucleotides is point

called a(n) ____ mutation

A type of point mutation that causes a change in every frameshift

amino acid following the mutation is called a(n) ____
mutation.

A point mutation will cause the cell to make an stop

incomplete protein if the mutation results in an early
____ codon.

A picture of all 46 chromosomes paired in homologous

pairs is called a(n) _____.

karyotype,

The failure of chromosomes to separate properly nondisjunction,

during meiosis is called ___ .
The type of mutation shown below is a(n)
_____.,

chromosomal deletion,
The type of mutation shown below is a(n)
_____.,
chromosomal duplication,

The type of mutation shown below is a(n)

_____.,

chromosomal inversion,

The type of mutation shown below is a(n)

_____.,

chromosomal translocation,
A picture like the one below is called a(n)

karyotype,
____.,

What would be the sex of the person who owns these

male (notice the X and the Y chromosome at the last pair),

chromosomes?,

A point mutation that changes a nucleotide in a codon, Silent mutation (Silent mutations are almost always caused by a base-pair substitution that causes
but doesn't change the resulting amino acid is called a the 3rd nucleotide in a codon to change. As you can see in the genetic code chart below, changing
____ mutation. the third base often times does not change the amino acid that is called
 for.),

A point mutation that ends up causing a stop codon to Nonsense mutation (because the protein will be non-functional and its structure will make no sense)
be read earlier than normal so that the resulting
protein is smaller than it should be is called a(n) ____
mutation.

The type of inheritance where neither allele is incomplete dominance

dominant and they tend to produce a mix of the two
traits such as blue + white = light blue would be _____.

The type of inheritance where both alleles are codominance

dominant, such as red fur + white fur = red and white
fur hairs in roan cattle is known as ____.

The type of inheritance where there is more than two multiple alleles
alleles for a single trait, such as A, B, and O alleles for
blood type, is known as ____.

Genes that are located on the 23rd pair of sex-linked

chromosomes (but only on the X, not the Y
chromosome) are known as ____ genes.

If you have an X and a Y chromosome, what is your male

gender?

If you have two X chromosomes, what is your gender? female

A trait, like human skin color, that involves several polygenic trait (remember, "poly" means many and "genic" refers to genes)
different genes is called a(n) _____ trait.

The following diagram is an example of a(n)

___.,

pedigree,
Different forms of the same gene are called _____. alleles

A dihybrid cross between 2 individuals that are 9:3:3:1

heterozygous for two independently assorting
characterisitics (such as seed color and seed shape),
produces the classic ________ ratio.

ratio,

The monomers of DNA are ____. nucleotides,

How many different types of nucleotides are found in a four

molecule of DNA?,

In DNA, which nucleotide always bonds to adenine (A) thymine (T)

across the middle where the nitrogenous bases meet?
How many chromosomes do human sex cells have? 23 total (1 of each type)

A segment of DNA that holds the code for a particular gene

protein or trait is called a ____.

The process of making a copy of a strand of DNA is DNA replication

called ___.

Which enzyme adds nucleotides to the sides of the DNA polymerase

unzipped DNA molecule during DNA replication?