Thermodynamics 179

1. The P-V diagram of 2 gm of helium gas for a 1

certain process A  B is shown in the figure.
(a) PV
2
what is the heat given to the gas during the
(b) 2 PV
process A  B P
(c) PV
2P0
(a) 4Po Vo B
(d) Zero

(b) 6Po Vo 7. A gas is compressed adiabatically till its

P0 A temperature is doubled. The ratio of its final
(c) 4.5Po Vo volume to initial volume will be
V0 2V0 V [BHU 1997]

(d) 2Po Vo (a) 1 / 2 (b) More than 1 / 2

(c) Less than 1 / 2 (d) Between 1 and 2
2. A certain mass of gas at 273 K is expanded to 81
times its volume under adiabatic condition. If 8. A tyre filled with air (27o C, and 2 atm) bursts,
  1.25 for the gas, then its final temperature is
[Pb. PET 1997]
then what is temperature of air (  1.5)
[RPMT 2002]
(a) – 235°C (b) – 182°C
(c) – 91°C (d) 0°C (a)  33o C (b) 0o C

3. In an adiabatic process 90J of work is done on the (c) 27o C (d) 240o C
gas. The change in internal energy of the gas is
[CPMT 1996] 9. A gas expands adiabatically at constant pressure
(a) – 90 J 1
such that its temperature T  , the value of
(b) +90 J V
(c) 0 J CP / CV of gas is
(d) Depends on initial temperature [RPMT 2002; MHCET
4. If a Carnot’s engine functions at source 2004]
temperature 127°C and at sink temperature 87°C, (a) 1.30 (b) 1.50
what is its efficiency (c) 1.67 (d) 2.00
[DCE 1997]
10. P-V diagram of an ideal gas is as shown in figure.
(a) 10% (b) 25% Work done by the gas in process ABCD is
(c) 40% (d) 50% P
(a) 4 P0V0
5. In the case of diatomic gas, the heat given at
constant pressure is that part of energy which is C D
(b) 2 P0V0 2P0
used for the expansion of gas, is
P0
2 3 (c) 3 P0V0 B A
(a) (b) V
5 7 V0 2V0 3V0
(d) P0V0
2 5
(c) (d) 11. An engineer claims to have made an engine
7 7
delivering 10 kW power with fuel consumption of
6. An ideal monoatomic gas is taken round the cycle 1 g s1 . The calorific value of fuel is 2k cal/g. His
ABCDA shown in the PV diagram in the given fig.
claim [J & K CET 2000]
The work done during the cycle is
[UPSEAT 1998] (a) Is non-valid (b) Is valid
P
A B (c) Depends on engine (d) Depends on load
(P,2V) (2P,2V)

(PV) (P,2V)
D C
V
 180 Thermodynamics
12. An ideal gas heat engine operates in a Carnot (c) 7 : 5 : 2 (d) 7 : 2 : 5
cycle between 27°C and 127°C. It absorbs 6 kcal 19. A gas undergoes a change of state during which
at the higher temperature. The amount of heat (in 100 J of heat is supplied to it and it does 20 J of
kcal) converted into work is equal to work. The system is brought back to its original
[CBSE PMT 2003] state through a process during which 20 J of heat
is released by the gas. The work done by the gas
(a) 3.5 (b) 1.6 in the second process is
(c) 1.2 (d) 4.8 (a) 60 J (b) 40 J
13. A gas expands with temperature according to the (c) 80 J (d) 20 J
relation V  kT 2/ 3
. What is the work done when 20. N moles of an ideal diatomic gas are in a cylinder
the temperature changes by 30 C o at temperature T. suppose on supplying heat to
the gas, its temperature remain constant but n
(a) 10 R (b) 20 R moles get dissociated into atoms. Heat supplied to
the gas is
(c) 30 R (d) 40 R
1
14. An ideal gas (  1.5) is expanded adiabatically. (a) Zero (b) nRT
2
How many times has the gas to be expanded to
reduce the root mean square velocity of molecules 3 3
2.0 times (c) nRT (d) (N  n)RT
2 2
(a) 4 times (b) 16 times
(c) 8 times (d) 2 times  7 
21. Three moles of an ideal gas  CP  R at
15. Three samples of the same gas A, B and  2 
C(  3 / 2) have initially equal volume. Now the pressure PA and temperature TA is
volume of each sample is doubled. The process is
isothermally expanded to twice its initial volume. It
adiabatic for A isobaric for B and isothermal for C.
If the final pressures are equal for all three is then compressed at constant pressure to its
samples, the ratio of their initial pressures are original volume. Finally the gas is compressed at
(a) 2 2 : 2 : 1 (b) 2 2 : 1 : 2 constant volume to its original pressure PA . The
(c) 2 :1: 2 (d) 2 : 1 : 2 correct P-V and P-T diagrams indicating the
16. Volume versus temperature graph of two moles of process are
helium gas is as shown in figure. The ratio of heat P P
absorbed and the work done by the gas in process A PA C
PA
1-2 is
V (a) (b)
(a) 3
5 2 C B
A B
(b) PA/2 PA/2
2
VA 2VA VA 2VA V
5 V
(c) 1
3
P P
7 T A B PA A
(d) PA
2 (c) (d)
17. In the P-V diagram shown in figure ABC is a
semicircle. The work done in the process ABC is B
PA/2 C PA/2 C
(a) Zero P(atm)
3
 TA/2 TA T TA/2 TA T
(b) atm lt
2
22. A cylinder of mass 1kg is given heat of 20000 J at
 1 atmospheric pressure. If initially temperature of
(c)  atm lt
2 cylinder is 20°C, then work done by the cylinder
1 2 V(litre) will be (Given that Specific heat of cylinder = 400 J
(d) 4 atm-lt
kg–1, Coefficient of volume expansion = 9  10–5 °C–
18. Heat is supplied to a diatomic gas at constant 1
, Atmospheric pressure = 105 N/m2 and density of
pressure. The ratio of Q : U : W is
cylinder 9000 kg/m3)
(a) 5 : 3 : 2 (b) 5 : 2 : 3 (a) 0.02 J (b) 0.05 J
 Thermodynamics 181
(c) 0.08 J (d) 0.1 J the relation P  T C , where c equals
23. In a thermodynamic process pressure of a fixed [CBSE PMT 1994;
mass of a gas is changed in such a manner that BHU 1997; AIIMS 2001; MH CET 2000]
the gas releases 30 joules of heat and 10 joules of
(a) 5 / 3 (b) 2 / 5
work was done on the gas. If the initial internal
energy of the gas was 30 joules, then the final (c) 3 / 5 (d) 5 / 2
internal energy will be [CPMT 1986] 25. The internal energy of an ideal gas increases
(a) 2 J (b) – 18 J during an isothermal process when the gas is
[SCRA 1998]
(c) 10 J (d) 58 J
(a) Expanded by adding more molecules to it
24. In an adiabatic change, the pressure P and
(b) Expanded by adding more heat to it
temperature T of a monoatomic gas are related by
(c) Expanded against zero pressure
(d) Compressed by doing work on it

(SET -14)

1. (b) Change in internal energy from A  B is 5. (c) W  energy used for expansion
f f  PdV  RdT
U  RT  (P f Vf  Pi Vi )
2 2 Q  heat supplied to diatomic gas at
constant P
3 9
 (2P0  2V0  P0  V0)  P0V0 7 7
2 2  C pdT  RdT (C p  R)
2 2
Work done in process A  B is equal to the
Area covered by the graph with volume axis W RdT 2
  
i.e., Q 7 7
RdT
2
1 3 6. (c)
WA B  (P0  2P0 )  (2V0  V0 )  P0 V0
2 2 7. (c)
1
Hence, Q  U  W  1  1
T2  V1  V  1 V  1   1 1
9 3    2   2    2   
 P0 V0  P0 V0  6P0 V0 T1  V2   V1  2 V1  2  2
2 2
V1
2. (b) For adiabatic process TV   1 = constant  V2 
 1  1
2
T V  V   1
 2   1   T2   1   T1  
1.51

(a) T2   P2 
 T2  1
T1  V2   V2  8.   
1.5

T1   (273 27)  2 
1.25 1 0.25
 P1 
 1   1  1
 T2     273     273  13 1
 81  81   
 2 2.5
273
  91K  – 
3 T1 (273 27)
182°C T2    238K   34.8C
3. (b) For adiabatic process Q  0 1.25 1.25
From Q  U  W  0  U  90  9. (b) TV 1  constant  T  V1
U  90J According to question 
1

T1  T2 (127 273)  (87  273) TV 2

4. (d)   1 3
T1 (127 273) Hence 1        1.5
2 2
400 360
  0.1  10% 10. (c) WAB   P0V0 , WBC  0 and
400
WCD  4P0V0
 182 Thermodynamics

 WABCD   P0V0  0  4P0V0  3P0V0 Q nCP T

 
11. (a) Power W n(C P  C V ) T

 10 KW  10000J /s 
10000
 2.38k cal/ gm
CP 1
4.2
 
C P  CV C
1 V
But the calorific value of fuel is only 2 k CP
cal/gm. Hence claim is invalid.
12. (c) Efficiency of a carnot engine is given by CV 3
 for helium gas. Hence
T CP 5
  1 2
T1 Q 1 5
 
W 1  3 / 5 2
W T W (273 127)
or  1 2   1  17. (b) WAB is negative (volume is decreasing) and
Q T1 6 (273 227)
W  1.2 k cal WBC is positive (volume is increasing) and
RT since, WBC  WAB
13. (b) W 
 PdV   V
dV
 net work done is positive and area
2 between semicircle which is equal to
Since V  kT 2 / 3  dV  KT 1 / 3dT
3 
atm lt.
dV 2 dT 2
Eliminating K , we find 
V 3 T 7  7 
18. (c) Q  C P T  RT  C P  R
Hence 2  2 
T2 2 RT 2 2
W T1 3 T
dT  R(T2  T1)  R(30)  20 R
3 3 U  C V T 
5
RT
 5 
 CV  R
2  2 
3RT
14. (b) vrms   vrms  T
M and W  Q  U  RT

vrms is to reduce two times i.e. temperature  Q : U : W  7 : 5 : 2

of the gas will have to reduce four times or 19. (a) In a cyclic process U  0  Q  W
T 1
  (100 20)  20  W2  W2  60 J
T 4
20. (b) Since the gas is enclosed in a vessel,
During adiabatic process TV  1  T  V   1 therefore, during heating process, volume of
1 the gas remains constant. Hence, no work is
1
 V   T   1 done by the gas. It means heat supplied to the
V
 
 T 
 (4) 1
1.5  (4)2  16  gas is used to increase its internal energy only.
V   16V Initial internal energy of the gas is
15. (b) Let the initial pressure of the three samples be 5 
U1  N  R  T
PA , PB and PC , then 2 
PA (V)3 / 2  (2V)3 / 2 P , PB  P and Since n moles get dissociated into atoms,
therefore, after heating, vessel contains
PC (V)  P (2V)
(N  n) moles of diatomic gas and 2n
 moles of a mono-atomic gas. Hence the
PA : PB : PC  (2)3 / 2 :1 : 2  2 2 :1: 2 internal energy for the gas, after heating, will
be equal to
16. (b) V-T graph is a straight line passing through
origin. Hence, V  T or P  constant 5  3 
U 2  (N  n) R  T  2n R  T
 Q  nCP T and U  nCV T 2  2 
5 1
Also W  Q  U   (C P  C V ) T  NRT  nRT
2 2
Hence, the heat supplied = increase in internal
energy
 Thermodynamics 183
 5/ 3 5
1 P  TC  C    1  5/ 3 1  2
 (U 2  U1 )  nRT
2 25. (a) Internal energy of an ideal gas is given by

*** f f N 
U RT    RT  U  NT.
2 2  N A 
In isothermal process T = constant  U  N.
i.e. internal energy increases by increasing
number of molecules (N).

21. (a) Let the process start from initial pressure

PA , volume VA and temperature TA .
P 
A(PA, VA, TA) B  A , 2VA , TA 
 2 

P T 
C  A , VA , A 
 2 2 
(i) Isothermal expansion (PV  constant)at
temperature TA to twice the initial
volume VA
PA
(ii) Compression at constant pressure to
2
original volume VA (i.e.V  T)
(iii) Isochoric process (at volume VA ) to initial
condition (i.e. P  T )
22. (b) Q  mcT 
20000J
T   50C
1kg (400J / kgC)
 TFinal = 70°C
Hence W  PatmV  PatmV0 T

 1 
 (105 N / m2)  3
m3  (9  10 5 / C)(50C)  0.05J
 9  10 
23. (c) Q  U  W  (U f  Ui )  W

 30  (U f  30)  10  U f  10 J

24. (d) T  P 1  = constant 
P  T  1
Comparing above equation with given
equation