MURUGAPPA POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE Avadi, Chennai (Govt. Aided Autonomous Institution) BOARD EXAMINATION -— OCT 2017 Solution and Scheme of Evaluation QP Code 2233 Code 233074 Sub. Name: Control of Electrical Machines Semester: 5 Scheme :M Scheme Prepared By ioe » spol) “No comecdiny Bree S G.Velmurugan —— HOD/ DEEE A. Kump geese a ' 25097002 578, T.S.S CPAT €rem pe —Hesue Chennai - 95 gnpnmuayeBS sie FN cade Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Directorate of Technical Education, Guindy, Chennai -25 t 0Answer Key Part A (Max. 10 marks) Fig 1Electronic Timer 2. List any three starters for AC Motor. (Any two types give 2 Marks) The following a starters are used in AC mhotor + DOL Starter «Semi automatic Star Delta Starter « Automatic Star delta starter » Autotransformer Starter (Open transient and Closed transient ) © Rotor resistance Starter * Secondary frequency starter 3. What is the need for timer relay in Star-delta starter? (2 Marks) Change over from Star to delta can be done by using timer relay. 4, What is the necessity of sequential control in conveyor system? (Any one reason gives 2 marks) + in large plants, materials are shifted from the plagdof storage to near the machines for processing, through belt conveyors. Finished products from the machines are also carried away through conveyors. The number of conveyors in a system can be very large depending upon the requirement. For this purpose sequential control is necessary in conveyor system + {fall the motors in @ conveyor system are started simultaneously, the current drawn from the supply willbe very high + Sequence starting will be process requirement 5, What is the advantage of using modular PLC? (Consider any two points give 2 marks) Rack-mounted units, consist of bases allowing for many independent components, such as the installation of numerous I/O modules + Easier.to repairModular PLCs have ‘far more memory and has the capability to store a higher volume of information, * Greater Number of Available 1/0 Modules. = Modular PLCs were designed for that purpose, to expand and customize processes for seamless growth, Easier to Troubleshoot, Less Downtime 6, What are the applications of PLC? (Any two applications give 2 Marks) Conveyor Systems, Food Processing Machinery, Bottle filling (water, soft drinks, canned food) Auto Assembly (e.g. automobile industry) Fluid Level Control ( e.g. water tanks) Mixing Fluids (paint industries) Motor speed contro! 7. What is examine OFF instruction in PLC? (2 marks)» (Note: Please consider and give 2 marks to Student drawn a symbol, because in syllabus and DTE material specified Examine if Open and Examine if closed only) The Examine OFF instruction is an input function, It tells the PLC's CPU to examine a bit at the memory location, which is specified by the address number listed with the symbol, Symbol ye 8, What is a preset time of PLC timer? (2 Marks) © The preset word is the set point of the timer. © The preset word has a range of 0 through 32,767 and is stored in binary form. © The preset will not store a negative number. PART — B (Max. 15 Marks) 9, Compare ON delay and OFF delay timer (Answer any three point give;3 marks|- Each point give ‘one mark) 7 S.No] ON Delay OFF Delay ia ‘An ON delay type if the contacts change over | An OFF delay type if the contacts change | after a presét delay after energisation | over after a preset delay after de- | | energisation | 2 The on-delay timer is offen referred to as DOE- | The off-delay timer is offen referred to as Delay On Energize DODE - Delay On De-Energize = aT 9 BOWS SPD STERN SESTETET on [mal Yet sy |e ee ee | ‘Dutput signa cn Ore ce i Finke Ser wita5T | Senate | baled * ee 4 Symbol | Symbol || ONDelay voor | ‘OFF Delay Frm 40, Write brief notes on latching relay (3 Marks) A latching relay consists of two separate coils and a mechanical linkage. One relay is called the Latch or Get coll and the other is called the Unlatch or Reset col, When the latch coll is energized, the contacts change state. When the latch coil is energized the relay operates and is held in the energized position even when the latch coil is de-energized. This is a result of the mechanical linkage, To change the state of the contacts back to their original condition, the unlateh coil is energized. The contacts remain in their original condition after the uniateh coil is de-energized Two types of latching relays: i) Mechanical latched type * ii) Permanent magnet type 41, Write the principle of dynamic braking. (3 Marks - Consider if student drawn the Power & control circuit) itis the one of the method of bringing the motor to a quick stop. In this statter, efter disconnecting AC supply, a D.C is applied to two lines of stator, The rotating rotor conductor cuts the flux produced by DC end tus emt is induced in the rotor, The mechanical energy due to inertia is converted into electrical energy and cissipated as heat to obtain braking effect. 42, Draw the circuit diagram of skip hoist control (3 Marks) «a Fig 2 Skip Hoist Control n of PLC (Diagram 1 mark + Explanation 2 Marks) > 43. Explain the memory organizatThe memory system is composed of two major sections: 1, System memory 2. Application memory Sistem | Executive | vmory : t ‘Scratch Pad | »f Image Table ~ J Suit mage le — pes ‘ _ Memo” | ReiterStorage | 1». \) / ea ieee | URI Memeny ad i A EIOR Fig 3 Memory Organization Figure illustrates this memory organization, known as a memory map. * System Memory: > The executive and scratch pad areas are hidden from the user and can be considered a single area of memory that, for our purpose, is called system memory -* Application Memory: > The application memory stores user programs and any data the processor will use to perform its control functions. 14, Mention the criteria for selection of suitable PLC (3 Marks for any three points) The process of selecting a PLC is listed below: + List the number and types of Input & Output + Memory capacity needed to store the program + Speed of processing * Communication requirements * Special or specific module required + Consider safety, reliability and expandability 15. Describe cascading of timers? (Definition 1 mark + Example explanation 2 marks - Please consider any other example with two or more timer instructions) ‘The programming of two or more timers together is called cascading, The timer can be interconnected or cascaded to satisfy any required control logic.2 TON TIMER ON DELAY | r Timer rat |-GEN)- Preset 20 Accumulated ot GND | tasvon we | ron. | Tee TIMER ON DELAY Timer ta:2 L-Ceny—| Preset 20 Accumulated o}-@ND 14:2/0N a Fig 4 Timer Cascading ‘The operation of the circuit can be summarized as follows: = Motor starter coil M' is energized when the momentary start pushbutton PB2 is actuated. | ag a result, motor‘ starts, contact Mt closes to seal in PB2, and timer coil T4:1 is energized to begin the first time-delay period, «After the preset time period of 20 s, T4:1/0N contact closes to energize motor starter coil M2. «Ag a result, motor 2 starts and timer coll T4:2 is energized to begin the second time-delay period | After the preset time period of 20 s, T4:2/ON contact closes to energize motor starter coil M3, and so motor 3 starts. «Hence actual time delay to start Motor 3 = Time delay of T4:1 + Time delay of T4:2 46. Briefly explain about status bit of Counter (3 Marks) The following status bits are available in counter instruction »* Cou jown Enable bit The countdown enable bit is used with the count down counter and is true whenever the countdown instruction is true. «Done bit (ON): The done bit is true whenever the accumulated value is equal {0 oF greater than preset value of the counter + Overfiow bit (OV): The overflow bit is true whenever the counter counts past ts maximum value which is 32,767 «© Underfiow bitt (UV) : The underflow bit will go true when the counter counts below -32768. PART — C (Max. 50 Marks) - 47 (A) Explain the operation of dash pot oil filled relay with neat diagram (Diagram 5 marks & Explanation 5 marks)Magnetic type overload relays operate by sensing the strength of the magnetic field produced by the current flowing to the motor. The relay consists of a coil and the coil is connected in series with motor. A plunger is attached to the piston. This arrangement is immersed in the oil provided in the dashpot. When load current flows through the coil, magnetic field is set up around the coil. Hence the plunger will tend to rise up against gravity. Soe0g Rosy conte cow Prager — ath pt uptown usr Dash pot — see | OR ~ | Fig 5 Magnetic Dash pot oil filled relay The piston has bypass holes of different sizes. When the current through the coil increases the plunger and the piston moves up. As the piston moves up, oil is forced through bypass holes which dampens the piston movements and provides delay. By varying the bypass holes, the delay characteristics of the relay can be varied. The relay provides inverse time characteristics. Tripping current is adjusted by adjusting the plunger position with respect to the relay coil. The magnetic dashpot relays are used in controlling large motors. The greatest difference between magnetic type and thermal type overioad relays is that magnetic types are not sensitive to ambient temperature, Magnetic type overload relays are generally used in areas that exhibit extreme changes in ambient temperature. 17 (B) Explain the remote control operation of drives. Starting or stopping of motor from a remote location is called as remote control. Remote start push button is connected in parallel with local start button. The remote stop button is connected in series with local stop button ‘The motor can be started and stopped from any number of locations by making connections as above. If the motor is to be started by some other pilot device like pressure switch, thermostat etc., the same may be made by connecting such a device in parallel! with START-push button. If such a device is to be used for stopping also it is to be connected in series with the STOP-push button. » \ ;—_— Local Stop q Push button Remote Stop Pugh button ° t Remote start Ce. ee | Fig 6 Remote Control Circuit 48 (A) Draw and Explain the control circuit of automatic 3 step rotor resistance starter for wound induction moter (Control circuit 3 marks + Power Circuit 3 Marks + Explanation 4 marks) addition of rotor resistance increases the starting torque of It is used for starting slip ring induction motor, ily slip ring induction motor. The starting current can be motor more thanS0 H.P motors are genera controlled with in the rated current.(8, Seaiag cere or al Pat * 4 a retieate Aon AG AN wh ! fonds ad Log ahaha { tee Fig 7 Automatic Rotor Resistance Starter Sequence of operation: Press START push button and observe the following sequence of operation * Control relay CR is energized & retained through its sealing contact CR1 CR2 & CRS closes and energises the main coil M and ON delay Timer T1 Main contacts M1, M2 & M3 gets closed Motor gets 3 phase supply and runs with external rotor resistance After preset time delay, contact T1 closes so that resistance R1 is short circuited and ON delay timer T2 is energised. * After preset time delay, contact T2 closes so that resistance R2 is short circuited and ON delay timer T3 is energized + After preset time delay, contact T3 closes so that resistance R3 is short circuited, + Slip ring induction motor continues to runs as squirrel cage motor. + To stop the motor press, STOP push button 18 (8) Explain with neat diagram automatic auto transformer starter (Open circuit transition) (Control circuit 3 marks + Power Circuit 3 Marks + Explanation 4 marks) >In Automatic Auto Transformer Starter, the transition from start to run condition takes place automatically with the help of a timer. Fig 8 Automatic Auto Transformer Starters — Open Circuit Transition Sequence of operation: . When START push button is pressed, S coil gets energized and T1 and closes its NO contacts S1 to $5. At the same time auxiliary contacts S6 closes and $1 opens, Because of closing of $6, the on- delay timer “T" gets energized and gets hold through its own instantaneous contact “Tins” Opening of NC contact $7 acts as a preventive interlock to avoid simultaneous energize of R whenever S is energized After a preset time delay, the timer contacts T1 opens and T2 closes. Because of opening of T1, coil $ is de-energized and NO contacts $1 to S6 are opened. Therefore the supply to the motor is cut off At the same time, closing $7 will energize the R contact. Its corresponding R1, R2 & R3 closes and the supply now directly connected to the motor and run ata rated speed When the STOP pushbutton is pressed the motor will stop, 19 (A) Draw and explain the control circuit of electric oven (Diagram 5 marks + Explanation 5 marks - Consider any one method) Electrically heated ovens are used for a wide variety of purpose in industry, e.g., in heat treatment of metals like annealing and hardening, stoning of enameled wire, drying and baking of cores in foundry, drying and baking of pottery etc. Ovens using wire resistance heating elements can be made to produce temperatures up t9 100°C. Temperatures up to 300°C can be obtained by using graphite elements. Temperature contrpl in ovens is obtained by changing current through the heating elements. Current through the heating elements is changed by connecting them in different fashion. Some methods of control of current through the resistance elements are as follows 2) Using variable number of resistance elements: 10This method tends to give uneven temperature in the oven if the elements not in use are not evenly distributed over the oven surface. Even distribution of such elements, however, leads to complicated wiring. b) Series parallel and star-delta connection of heater elements: This is the simplest and most widely used method of control of current. When this method is used in combination with the method mentioned in (i) above, sufficient variations in temperature is obtained for most practical purposes. i. Series parallel connection of heating elements: | Series - Parallel connection using Drum Switch (Single phase heater) | When both elements are connected in parallel both elements receive the same voltage and produce same amount of heat. If he elements are connected in series, they divide the voltage equally between them. So that the heat produced by the elements are 1/4” of the original value te sao Coc Fig 9 Series and Parallel Connection of 1 Phase heater Example: in the fig 9 two heater element HE1 & HE2 are connected through a drum switch. When the drum switch lever is on right side the heater elements gets connected in parallel due to closing of drum contacts "A", “B” and “D". For having lower temperature, the drum switch lever is shifted towards the left hand side due to which contacts "A" and "C" get closed Series - Parallel Connection of heater (Three Phase) Series-parallel connection of heaters in 3 phase system is shown in Figure 10. As ift&e control diagram of Fig (a), when the control relay CR is ON, through a selector switch either contactor A or contactors B and C can be energised. When the selector switch is set for low heat, contactor Ais energised through closed contact of thermostat (temperature controller). Contactor A when energised connects the two heater elements in each phase in series. The line voltage thus gets divided across the two elements. When the selector switch is put on high heat contactor A is de-energised and contactors B and C are energised. Referring to power diagram it can be seen that closing of contactors B and C results in the two heater elements of each phase getting connected in parallel across full line voltage. il jon [car | ca + (a) (b) Fig 10 Series and Parallel Connection of Heater in 3 Phase System ‘When the selector switch is on high heat, the thermostat setting should also be made at the required higher temperature. Thermostat will control the temperature within a certain range depending upon the differential setting ii, Star-delta connection of heating elements: Figure shows a three phase connection where the full ine voltage gets applied across each heating element connected in delta when contactor B closes. Heater elements can be switched over into star connection if instead of contactor B, contactor A gets closed. In star connection the voltage across a heater element will be V/V3 times the voltage in delta connection, V being the line voltage. Thus instar connection the heat will be 33% of that in delta connection. 12Sar Oates Fig 11 Star Delta Connection of Heater A selector switch is to be used to energize contactor A when low heat is required, and contactor B when high heat is required. The thermostat contact connected in series with the selector switch has been used to get automatic switching off of contactors so as to maintain the required temperature. 19 (B) Explain the various trouble spots in control circuits (Any five spots give 10 marks) Few areas that contribute to a large percentage of troubles are discussed in the following sections i) Fuses: “Checking the condition of fuses is a good procedure to start when a fault is occurred. Figure shows methods for checking fuses to determine their condition L1 LINE L2 vy VOLTMETER 1 Loan 2 Fig 12 Testing of Fuse | + Aless obvious problem is the type and size of fuse. | + Practice of using copper strip as a temporary replacement may be a problem * The policing of fuses may be a problem 13ii) Loose Connections: Magnitude of Current flow is large in power circuit compared to control circuit. So, loose connection in power circuit can generate local heat. This spreads to other parts of the same components, ‘An example of where direct trouble arises is with thermally sensitive elements. These can be overload relays or thermally operated circuit breakers. Loose connection finally damages the component due to insulation failure. Loose connection in thermally sensitive components may result in malfunctioning. For example, a thermal sensitive overload relay may trip due to conduction of heat to it. The use of stranded conductors in place of solid conductors has in general improved the connection problem. ‘A regular check for loose connection is the best remedy for avoiding such trcubles. Flexible control wires are preferred for wiring @ control circuit. These wires are not connected directly in the terminal block or at the relay terminals but are connected after crimping a terminal end on the wire end. For the correction of loose connections, the best advice is to follow a good program of preventive maintenance in which connections are periodically checked and tightened. ili) Faulty Contacts: This applies to such components as motor starters, contactors, relays, push buttons and switches. A problem that appears quite often and one of the most difficult to locate is with the NC contact Observation indicates that the contact is closed but does not reveal ifit is conducting current Any contact ina 32 had an overload through it should be checked for welding. Such conditions as weak contact pressure and dirt or an oxide film on the contact will prevent it from conducting, Many times contacts can be cleaned by drawing a piece of rough paper between the’ contacts. iv) Incorrect wire markers: This probiem usually appears on the system integrator assembly floor or in reassembly in the users plant. ‘one common problem is the transposition of numbers. For example, a conductor may have a 69 marked on one end and a 96 on the other end. Another problem that may occus is in connecting conductors into terminal block. With a long block and many conduetors, it is a common error to connect a conductor either ‘one block above or below the proper position v) Combination problems: Some of the problems in machines cannot be referred to as faults exclusively due to defective electrical or mechanical or hydraulic or pneumatic system. It may be due to the combination of two. ion problems > 4 Types and Examples ot Combinat 14[exe F generated by 3 Loose connection | hwo abnormalities at the sane time Hom electrical pout of view should be done tir Towns seik baw oot Y leakage of heat chie to wee of ingwoper lent inuatoning maceriet | ++ law voltage damaged hearers and blown dives vi) Low voltage: If no immediate indication of trouble is identified, one of'the first checks to make is the line and control voltage. Due to inadequate power supply or conductor size, iow voltage can be a problem A common practice in small shops is to add more machines without proper checking the power supply and the line conductors. The source and line become so heavily loaded and the voltage drops off rapidly. As the voltage drops, the current to a given load increases, This produces heat,in the motor starters, relays and solenoids, which not only shortens the life of the components but may cadse malfunctioning This may result in magnetic devices such as starters and relays dropping off the line (opening their contacts) through under voltage or overload protective devices. Low voltage will result in generation of inadequate heat in ovens. For example, if the voltage is dropped to one half the heating element's rated voltage, the heat output will be reduced to one fourth. vii) Grounds: For the best operation of an electrical system, some methods of detecting the presence of grounds should be available. There are two methods, one is with neutral grounded and the other without grounding. Each has its own merits, In the first case one terminal of control supply from control transformer is grounded. The other terminal of contro! power supply is protected by a fuse or a miniature Circuit breaker. The advantage of this method is that it is easy to check supply at any point, as it is to be done with reference to ground. In this method when a ground fault occurs, the control fuse blows and the machine remains inoperative until the fault is located and removed. Using the grounded method, the circuit is de-energized by the opening of the fuse. This means that the machine will be down until the ground is located and removed. In the small shop this inconvenience is usually not too serious. viii) Momentary Faults ‘Sometimes faults occur but do not identify for a long time. It becomes difficult to locate the origin of such momentary faults. 15Loose connection or a broken conductor inside the insulation can also be the cause of momentary fault. If the machine is new fault may be due to improper connection in the control circuit ix) Poor maintenance Regular maintenance of a machine is not done the trequency of occurrence of (aulks wil increase, 20 (A) Explain modes of operation of PLC in details (Each Modes of operation 2 marks = 5x 2= 10 Marks) Principle of Operation: * The CPU accepts input signal from sensors like push buttons, limit switches, analog sensors, selector switches, and thumbwheel switches. + Stores the status of input in the memory area called input image table. + Execute the stored user program from memory and sends appropriate output commands to control devices like lamp, motor starters, solenoid valves, pilot lights, and position valves through output image table. ‘ + Update the content of output image table. * The system power supply provides all the voltages required for the proper operation of the various central processing unit sections }-24v be #2av OC P82 oh [2] 100 000 UE eS | OF feel User Memory | mag cpu G VP Module _1/P Image Of image O/P Module rable Table Fig 13 Principle of Operation Modes of Operation The various modes of operation of PLC’s are * Clear program memory mode + Programming mode - + Run Mode Testing program mode + Diagnostic test mode + Enter/ Change Access code + Remote mode Clear Program memory mode + When PLC is in Clear mode, the user program stored in the PLC memory can be cleared. Now all the memory is free for entering a new program, PROG Mode: + Places the processor in the program mode. + Allows you to perform program entry agd editing + Prevents the processor from scanning or executing the ladder program 16Run Mode: * Places the processor in the RUN mode. + Executes the ladder program and energizes output devices. + Prevents online program editing, Test program Mode + Intest mode PLC executes the user program but does not energize the output, only LED displays for outputs are energized. * Program working can be checked without actual energizing the outputs ‘+ This avoids damage to machinery on account of incorrect program REM Mode + Places the processor in the Remote mode * Allows you to change the processor mode from a program/operator device. ‘+ Allows you to perform online program editing. Measures inputs Program ‘Outpuis Fig 14 Sequence of Operation 20 (B) Explain the components of PLC scan in details (Definition 2 marks + Components 2 marks + explanation 4 marks + Scan Cycle 2 marks) The processor in any PLC is to perform specific duties in a specific sequence and then continuously repeat the sequence is called as operating cycle. This operating cycle is also called as PLC scan. The scan cycle is performed sequentially and repeatedly when the processor is in run rhode. The cycle time depends on the size of the program and the number of I/Os used. APLC scan consists of 1. Input scan or processing 2. Program scan 3. Output san i.) Input Scan Fig shows the input scan process. During this scan the PLC reads the status of inputs from input Module and stores them in the input image table before execution of program. This information remains unaltered until the next scan of input module. That is the change in the status of the input module will not be accepted and not stored in between scan sequence 7trot | image (Memory) | i | Fig 16 Input Scan ii.) Program Scan Fig shows the program scan process. During the program scan, the PLC executes the user program by taking the input data's from the input image table. The instructions are carried out in sequence manner and depending upon the logic, the outputs are produced. Then the statuses of the outputs are stored in the outputs image table in a bit pattern Iirage Took ternary |— Execvtion) | emery) Fig 16 Program Scan ) Output Scan Fig shows the output scan process. On completing the execution of all instructions, the status of the output image table is transferred to output module which will physically change the status of the output on the PLC module | ouput = PLC | Image Output | a Table Module Output Image Ares ———7 Menor) Outputs Fig 17 Output Scan thus forming (On completing the output scan or processing immediately input scan is stored, continuous loop as shown in fig 18aay Output Input actuation scan Need execution Fig 18 PLC Scan Cycle 24 (A) Explain the working of up counter used in PLC with a ladder diagram (&xplanation of Up Counter 6 Marks + Example with Ladder logic 4 Marks) Up-counters perform a counting function when the associated input element transitions from an OFF to ON state. Up-counters begin at some preset value and increment upward, Up counters are retentive and require an associated reset element to clear the counted values, Counter Up Instruction: (CTU) A count up instruction is represented by the symbol shown in Figure below. + The function of a count up instruction is to increase its accumulated value by one every time the block's input makes an OFF-to-ON transition. * After a certain number of OFF-to-ON transitions have occurred, the count up instruction will energize its output A count up block tas two output coils © Account up output coil (CU) : which indicates that the counter block is energized ¢ Adone output coil (DN), which indicates that the count is complete ‘ACI count ur |-(cu Counter C5:2 Preset 3 Accum 0 }-{on) Fig 19 (a) Function Block of Up Counter Example: (Please consider any other application also - Example Conveyor control! ~ Lab experiments) 1910.00 {ETO SOL COUNT UP Counter C5:2 Preset 3 Accum 0 Fig 19 (b) Application of Up Counter circuit The solenoid (SOL) should turn on after the limit switch (LS1) has turned on three times. The circuit operates as follows: + When the limit switch tums on for the first time, the count up output will be energized, and the accumulated value will increase to 4 «When the limit switch turns off then on again, the accumulated value will increase to 2 © When the switch makes its third OFF-to-ON transition, the accumulated value will increase to 3 and the done output will turn on because the accumulated value is equal to the preset value + When the done output turns on, the solenoid output in the second rung will be energized. + Inacounter circuit, the counter will continue to count even after the accumulated value has reached the pre-set value. * The done output will remain on as long as the accumulated count is greater than or equal to the preset count. + The only way to reset the accumulated value and turn off the done output is to use a reset instruction. 24 (B) Explain the working of rotor resistance starter using ladder diagram. (Working with diagram 5 Marks + Ladder|diagram with explanation § marks) Working of Rotor Resistance Starter: —_ ete vin aS a [ e, ‘ a tan iad * yt ’ ae a Cag | Lop $e denn Fig 20 Control Circuit for Rotor Resistance Starter 20Ladder Logie: Step 1: I/O Listing Fig 20 shows the relay ladder diagram for automatic rotor resistance starter When start Pushbutton is pressed, coil M is energized and its main contacts M1, M2 and M3 are closed giving 3 phase supply to the stator winding. Now the motor is started with maximum starting resistance ie, R1 + R2 + R3 per phase. Also auxiliary contact M4 and MS closes. Mé act as a sealing contact for start push button, Closing of M5 contact energize the ON delay timer T1 After the preset time interval, 1T1 and 2T1 closes, thereby cutting out the starting resistance R3 from the rotor circuit At the same time 371 closed and energizes the on delay timer T2 After the preset time interval, 1T2 and 272 closes, thereby cutting out the starting resistance R2 from the rotor circuit At the same time 372 closed and energizes the on delay timer T3. After the preset time interval, 1T3 and 2T3 closes, thereby cutting out the starting resistance R1 from the rotor circuit Now the motor running normally without any starting resistance. When stop pushbutton is pressed the M coil de-energized & motor will come to stop. a) INPUT 1, START push button 2. STOP push button 3. N.C contact of overload relay (OLR) b) OUTPUT 1, MAIN Contactor coil (M) 2, Timer On delay T1, 12 & T3 Step 2: Assigning of Address to the I/O used Si No ] Components | Address 1 START pushbutton 10/4 | [2 STOP pushbutton £010 3 TOLR ror 4 Contactor M Coil | 0:00 6 Timer On Delay=T1 74:0 6 Timer On Delay = 12 Ta 7 Timer On Delay —T3 | T42 | a ee a is | ~\ Atena Peay 39 | sto i fg) pe uvenal Ree btenalFelay 1 Fig 21 Ladder Logic for Rotor resistance Starter Sequence of operation: [iy] Rung 6 | When the Stam push burton is pressed. the NO instruction 1:0 1 is set to | HIGH. The Rung 0 is TRUE and allows to seintemal relay or memory | B3:0 0 to HIGH, The NO contact of internal memory B3:0 0 set to high in | nung 6 provides sealing effect yi |The NO contact of intemal memory B3:0 0 set to high in rung | and allows | in . 4, | to energise main coil whieh is connected to the output instruction 0:0 0, Now | i | | | the slip ring induction motor is started with extemal rotor resistance. | | | iii) | Rung2: | The NO contact of imeral memory B3:0 0 set to high in rung 2 and allows | | to energise TON Timer coil T4:0. Ns 22Ww) Rung 3: After the preset time delay, T4:0 DN is closed and cut down 1 3 Kesistance | in the rotor cireuit, Now the motor continues to min with 2 3rd of external rotor resistance. Closing of T4:0.DN allows to energ Tal 5) Rang 4: ‘After the preset tune delay, T4:1 DN is closed and cut down 2 3 resistance in the rotor cirenit. Now the motor continues to nin with 1 3rd of external rotor resistance. Closing of T4:1 DN allows to energise ON delay Timer | | T4:2 | ise ON delay Timer | After the préset time delay. T4:2 DN is closed and cut down full resistance in the rotor circuit (Not indicatd in ladder diagram). Now the motor continues to | run without external rotor resistance. Now the rotors terminals will be short circuited, wD Rung 5: | ‘When the stop push button is pressed, the NC instruction 1:0°0 is set to LOW. | Now Rung 0 is FALSE and deenergisegemining coils in remaining mugs. | Prepared By G.Velmurugan HOD/ DEEE 578, T.S.S CPAT Chennai - 95 23