PERSENTASION

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

By
SYIFA ANNISA
0433131420119126

BACHELOR OF NURSING STUDY PROGRAM

STIKES KHARISMA KARAWANG
2019
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, I’d like to introduce my self. My name is syifa annisa please call me

syifa. I’m from subang. Then, I’d like to ALLAH SWT who has given health and long live.

Next, I also whould like to express my gratitude to Ms.Uun Nurjanah. The director of

STIKES KHARISMA KARAWANG who has given opportunity to study here. My

gratitude also goes to my lecturer, Ms Dea for her guidance and help in making some

correections. And than, I’d like to convey my gratitude to the examiner who has given me

time to deliver a presentation about Rheumatoid arthritis .

I ‘ve devided my presentation into five sections. First, I’m going to start bu telling

the background of the problem. Second, I’ll turn to definition and symtoms. Then, I’ll

concern on the aspects can couse Rheumatoid arthritis . After that, I’ll move on the medical

treatment. Finally, I’ll discuss about the preventons.

If you any questions, I’ll do my best to answers them and the end.
 RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...................................................................................................2

1. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................3

I. Backround of the problem .........................................................................3

2. DEFINITION AND SYMPTOMS..........................................................................3

II. Definition ......................................................................................................4

III. Symtoms ........................................................................................................5

3. ASPECTS THAT CAN CAUSE .............................................................................6

IV. What Causes Rheumatoid Arthritis .......................................................... 6

4. THE MEDICAL TREATMENTS ........................................................................ 7
V. The medical treatments ............................................................................... 7
5. THE PREVENTION ............................................................................................... 7
VI. The Prevention ............................................................................................ 7
6. CONCLUTION ........................................................................................................ 7

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 8
 RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
BY

SYIFA ANNISA

1. INTRODUCTION

i. Background

Rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that

primarily affects joints.It typically results in warm, swollen,

and painful joints. Pain and stiffness often worsen following rest. Most

commonly, the wrist and hands are involved, with the same joints typically

involved on both sides of the body. The disease may also affect other parts

of the body. This may result in a low red blood cell count, inflammation

around the lungs, and inflammation around the heart. Fever and low energy

may also be present. Often, symptoms come on gradually over weeks to

months. While the cause of rheumatoid arthritis is not clear, it is believed to

involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The underlying

mechanism involves the body's immune system attacking the joints. This

results in inflammation and thickening of the joint capsule . It also affects the

underlying bone and cartilage. The diagnosis is made mostly on the basis of

a person's signs and symptoms. X-rays and laboratory testing may support a

diagnosis or exclude other diseases with similar symptoms. Other diseases

that may present similarly include systemic lupus erythematosus , psoriatic

arthritis , and fibromyalgia among others. The goals of treatment are to

reduce pain, decrease inflammation, and improve a person's overall

functioning. This may be helped by balancing rest and exercise, the use

of splints and braces , or the use of assistive devices. Pain

 medications , steroids, and NSAIDs are frequently used to help with

symptoms.

Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), such

as hydroxychloroquine and methotrexate , may be used to try to slow the

progression of disease. Biological DMARDs may be used when disease does

not respond to other treatments. However, they may have a greater rate of

adverse effects. Surgery to repair, replace , or fuse joints may help in certain

situations. Most alternative medicine treatments are not supported by

evidence.

RA affects about 24.5 million people as of 2015. This is between 0.5 and 1%

of adults in the developed world with 5 and 50 per 100,000 people newly

developing the condition each year. Onset is most frequent during middle age

and women are affected 2.5 times as frequently as men. In 2013, it resulted

in 38,000 deaths up from 28,000 deaths in 1990. The first recognized

description of RA was made in 1800 by Dr. Augustin Jacob Landré-

Beauvais (1772–1840) of Paris. The term rheumatoid arthritis is based on the

Greek for watery and inflamed joints.

2. DEFINITION AND SYMTOMS

ii. Definition

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that can cause joint pain

and damage throughout your body.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease of

unknown cause. An external trigger (eg, cigarette smoking, infection, or

trauma) that triggers an autoimmune reaction, leading to synovial

hypertrophy and chronic joint inflammation along with the potential for
 extra-articular manifestations, is theorized to occur in genetically susceptible

individuals.

iii. Symptoms Of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

1. Stiffness. The joint is harder to use and doesn't move as well as it should.

It’s especially common in the morning. While many people with other

forms of arthritis have stiff joints in the morning, it takes people

with rheumatoid arthritis more than an hour (sometimes several hours)

before their joints feel loose.

2. Swelling. Fluid in the joint makes it puffy and tender.

3. Pain. Inflammation inside a joint makes it hurt whether you’re moving it

or not. Over time, it causes damage and pain.

4. Redness and warmth. The joints may be warmer and show color changes

related to the inflammation

3. ASPECTS THAT CAN CAUSE

iv. What Causes Rheumatoid arthritis ( RA)

1. Age. RA can affect you at any age, but it’s most common between 40 and

60. It isn’t a normal part of aging.

2. Family history. If someone in your family has it, you may be more likely

to get it.

3. Environment. A toxic chemical or infection in your environment can up

your odds.

4. Gender. RA is more common in women than men. It’s more likely in

women who've never been pregnant and those who've recently given

birth.

5. Obesity. Extra weight, especially if you’re under 55.

 6. Smoking. If your genes already make you more likely to get RA, lighting

up can raise your odds even higher. And if you do get the disease,

smoking can make it worse.

4. THE MEDICAL TREATMENTS

v. The medical treatments

There’s no cure for RA, but there are treatments that can help you manage it.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can keep both patients and physicians on their toes

as they figure out the best ways to treat the symptoms and slow the

progression of the condition. Recently, advances in treatment strategies have

resulted in ever-improving outcomes and quality of life for those with

rheumatoid arthritis. Treat to Target Rheumatoid Arthritis is a treatment

philosophy that rheumatologists use to effectively manage this disease.

The treat-to-target approach has resulted in fewer symptoms and higher

remission rates for those with RA. The treatment strategy involves:

 setting a specific testing goal that signals either remission or low

disease state

 testing acute phase reactants and performing monthly monitoring to

assess progress of treatment and management plan

 switching medication regimen promptly if progress isn’t made.

Treatments for RA help to manage the pain and control the

inflammatory response which can in many cases result in remission.

Decreasing the inflammation can also help to prevent further joint and organ

damage.
 Treatments may include:

 medications

 alternative or home remedies

 dietary changes

 specific types of exercise

Your healthcare provider will work with you to determine the best treatment plan for your

medical needs.

For many people, these treatments help them live an active life and reduce the risk of long-

term complications.

Learn more about specific RA treatments and how to treat flares.

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5. THE PREVENTIONS

vi. The Preventions

1. Smoking and alcohol

Smoking is a risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis. Since quitting smoking can improve

rheumatoid arthritis symptoms, people who smoke should quit completely. Help in

quitting is available and should be obtained, if needed. Drinking alcohol in

moderation is not harmful for people who have rheumatoid arthritis, although it may

increase the risk of liver damage from some drugs such as methotrexate.

Recommendations for alcohol use depend on the medications a person is taking and

on his or her other medical conditions. Discuss the safety of alcohol use with your

doctor.
2. Measures to reduce bone loss

Inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis can cause bone loss, which can

lead to osteoporosis. The use of prednisone further increases the risk of bone loss,

especially in postmenopausal women.

You can do the following to help minimize the bone loss associated with steroid

therapy:

 Use the lowest possible dose of glucocorticoids for the shortest possible time,

when possible, to minimize bone loss.

 Get an adequate amount of calcium and vitamin D, either in the diet or by

taking supplements.

 Use medications that can reduce bone loss, including that which is caused by

glucocorticoids.

 Control rheumatoid arthritis itself with appropriate medications prescribed

by your doctor.

6. CONCLUTION

Rheumatoid Arthritis is autoimmunity disease that is incurable. Healthcare Providers

should diagnose those patients as early as possible to help prevent the growth of

Rheumatic disease. Even though I have never diagnosis with Arthritis, I would like

to see some improvement in the treatments provided for this condition. With that,

patients can be satisfied with their treatments that they receive. And also patients

should be advice to exercise and good nutrition. Moral and emotional support could

help in improving this condition, Rheumatic disease. And yet, as human, we all need

to look up and help each other. I think it is very important to get involved in

determining ways that can help to manage and prevent symptoms that is vulnerable

to not just me but also to others around me.That’s why I have chosen Rheumatoid
Arthritis as my research project. I have chosenit not just to retain knowledge of the

Rheumatoid Arthritis but because there might be potential threat to me in the future.

By understanding the disease, I think it can be much easier for me to manage and

control myself from being susceptible to the disease. Therefore, I will be able to

educate my family members and others surround me to better protect themselves

from being a subject to arthritis disease.

 REFERENCES

1. DC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 2016. Arthritis _Related Statistic.

Retrieved on October 10, 2016, from -related-stats.htm2.Mayo Clinic. 2016.

2. Rheumatoid Arthritis. Retrieved on November 20, 2016, formhttp://-

treatment/treatment/txc-20197400 3.Healthline. 2016.

3. Find Best Medications for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Retrieved on November 3, 2016,

from -rheumatoid-arthritis4.American College of Rheumatology. 2015.

4. The Immune System and Its Link to Rheumatic Disease. Retrieved on November 10.

2016, from -Well-with-Rheumatic-Disease/The-Immune-System-Its-Link-to-

Rheumatic-Disease5.RA Staistics. 2013.

5. Rheumatoid Statistics. Retrieved on November 10, 2016,

fromhttps://rheumatoidarthritis.net/what-is-ra/ra-statistics/ 6.HIH. National Institute

of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease. 2014.

6. Retrieved on November 23, 2016, from 7.Sullivan, S. (2016). Genetics and the

Future of RA Treatment. Retrieved on November 12, 2016, from -genetics-and-

future.aspx