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 World Development Report 2011:
Conƀict, Security, and Development
Copyright © 2011 by
The International Bank For Reconstruction and
Development/ the World Bank
1818 H Street, NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA
Telephone 202-473-1000
Internet: www.worldbank.org
E-mail :feedback@worldbank.org
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œ„‚’G* Ron Haviv/VII/Corbis ¢HfnG* œ„‚’G* Pulitzer Center
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(http://www.worldbank.org/wdr.)E§º*
This work was originally published by the World Bank in
English as World Development Report 2011: Conƀict, Security,
and Development in 2011.
The Arabic edition was published by “Al Ahram Center for
Publishing, Translation and Distribution”. The following
parts of the Report were translated by “Al Ahram Center for
Publishing, Translation and Distribution”: Chapters (1-9),
Focuses, Bibliographic Note, Selected Indicators and Selected
World Development Indicators.
“Al Ahram Center for Publishing, Translation and Distribution”
is responsible for the accuracy of translation of these parts.
The World Bank prepared the Arabic translation for the
following parts of the Report: Foreword, Acknowledgments,
Main Messages and Overview. The World Bank is responsible
for the accuracy of translation of these parts.
In case of any discrepancies, the original language will govern.
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Madeleine Albright, Chair, Albright Stonebridge Group; former U.S. Secretary of State
Louise Arbour, President, International Crisis Group; former UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
Lakhdar Brahimi, Former United Nations Special Representative to the Secretary General for Afghanistan and Iraq
Mohamed Ibn Chambas, Secretary-General of the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of Sates
Paul Collier, Professor of Economics, Oxford University
Nitin Desai, Former UN Under Secretary General for Social and Economic Affairs
Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz, Former Force Commander of the United Nations Peacekeeping Mission in Haiti
Martin Griffiths, Former Director, Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue
Mohamed “Mo” Ibrahim, Founder, Mo Ibrahim Foundation and Founder, Celtel
H.E. Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda
Ramtane Lamamra, Commissioner, Peace and Security Council, African Union
Louis Michel, Member of the European Parliament
Jorge Montano, Director General, Asesoría y Análisis; former Ambassador of Mexico to the U.S.
Jay Naidoo, Chairman, Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition; former Chair, Development Bank of Southern Africa
Kenzo Oshima, Senior Vice President of Japan International Cooperation Agency
Surin Pitsuwan, Secretary-General of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations
Zeid Ra’ad Al-Hussein, Ambassador of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan to the United Nations
Marta Lucía Ramirez de Rincón, Fundación Ciudadanía en Acción; former Minister of Defense—Colombia
H.E. Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, President of Liberia
Dmitri Trenin, Director, Moscow Center, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Wu Jianmin, Chairman of the Shanghai Center for International Studies
H.E. George Yeo, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Singapore


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Gurr 1970; Hobbes 1651; Hirshleifer 1995; Skaperdas 1996; Grossman 1991; Fearon 1995, 2004; Schelling 1960; Posen 1993; Snyder42f„‚º*
and Jervis 1999; de Figueiredo and Weingast 1999; Collier and HoefÀer 2004; Nathan 2005; Sambanis 2004; Satyanath, Miguel, and Sergenti
2004; Blattman and Miguel 2010; Esteban and Ray 2008; Stewart 2005, 2010; Keefer 2008, forthcoming; North, Wallis, and Weingast 2009;
Besley and Persson 2009, 2010; Huntington 1968; Goldstone and others 2010; Becker 1968; Brückner and Ciccone 2010

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.Collier, HoefÀer, and Söderbom 2008; Fearon 2010a; Acemoglu and Robinson 2006 

.Goldstone 2010 
.de Figueiredo and Weingast 1999; Acemoglu, Johnson, and Robinson 2005 
Rich 2010 
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.Odendaal 2010; Ojielo 2007; UNDPA 2010a 
.Encyclopedia of the Nations 2010 
.Pritchett and de Weijer 2010 
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Stedman 1996; Adam and Mesnard 2003; Nilsson 2008|‰I* 
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Alvarado and Abizanda 2010; Beato 2005; Fabio 2007; International Centre for the Prevention of Crime 2005; Duailibi and others 2007; 5b…ƒ»+
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 
 

Beath and others 20104a„‚»*

Beath and others 2010; UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan and UNOHCHR 201042f„‚»*

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tuto Universitario en Democracia Paz y Seguridad 2010; STRATFOR 2009;
UNODC 2007; UNDP 2008a; Zamora and Holiday 2007; Popkin 2000;
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Porter and Rab 2010 
Lockhart and Glencorse 2010 
Spear and Harborne 2010; Harbone and Sage 2010; de Greiff 2010; Guehenno 2010; Sherman 2010; Sage and 
Desai 2010; Roque and others 2010; Dobbins and others 2007; Collier and others 2003; Collier 2007; Johnston
2010
Narayan and Petesch 2010  

Guerrero 2006; Llorente and Rivas 2005; Formisano 2002 
j„¬g•G*^ mf„6f©„6 £§˜- aE Crawford 1999; Sutton, Cherney, and White 2008; Willman and Makisaka 2010  
ifg„G*¢q„6q„-ª¤DœM§†G*œ/&¶*µj©g›„6hE*§<f¤G£§˜-aE¢˜GK҄‚•G*Laº*¨›<j›<fDMano dura]jMaMa¸*
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Cunningham and others 2008|‰I*
Guehenno 2010, 2  

Pan 2005 
&*j©)fÅ(¶*mfI§Œº*j¡·j©ž¡kG*K«2f„‚kE¶*£KfŒkG*jž‰¡H 
UN Security Council 2006 
Ball and Holmes 2002; Transparency International 2011 
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K½KaG*™¡gG*jH§˜¸*µjHfŒG*j©Gfº*Ÿ‰I$*2&*Km*4a•G*ӄ€tkG
Perry 2008; International Crisis Group 2009a; Human Rights Watch 2009; Reyntjens 2007; Kelly 2010  

Colletta, Kostner, and Wiederhofer 1996 
South Africa Ministry of Defence 1996; Williams 2005; Batchelor and Dunne 1998 
Rozema 2008 
Guehenno 2010 
Guehenno 2010, 5 
OECD-DAC 2007a 
International Center for Transitional Justice 2010; Mayer-Rieckh and de Greiff 2007; Patel, de Greiff, and 
Waldorf 2009; de Greiff 2006; Hayner 2010
de Greiff 2010  

Addison 2009 
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Bastick, Grimm, and Kunz 2007 
UNIFEM, UN Action Against Sexual Violence in ConÀict, and UNDPKO 2010 
OECD-DAC 2007a 
OECD-DAC 2007a 
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Sherman 2010   

OECD-DAC 2007a 
Willman and Makisaka 2010; International Centre for the Prevention of Crime 2008 
O Dia Online 2010; Jornal O Globo 2010 
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OECD-DAC 2007a;|‰I*£§q„€G*K$f„¬•G*Ÿ„¬M«{G*œHf˜kº*jG*aŒG*Žf†Evτ8(*¢H$~qFj:}G*vτ8(*$*|/(*aM&*
UNODC and the World Bank 2007
Dinnen, Porter, and Sage 2010; Wainwright 2005 
International Center for Transitional Justice 2010; Mayer-Rieckh and de Greiff 2007; Patel, 
de Greiff, and Waldorf 2009; de Greiff 2006; Hayner 2010
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Guehenno 2010; OECD-DAC 2007a 
International Center for Transitional Justice 2010; Mayer-Rieckh and de Greiff 2007; Patel, 
de Greiff, and Waldorf 2009; de Greiff 2006; Hayner 2010
World Bank 2010i 
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Comunità di Sant’Egidio 2010 
UNICEF 2007 
OECD 2007 
Berger 2003; Coldham 1984 
Straus 2010 
Bastick, Grimm, and Kunz 2007 
Everett 2009, 33 
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Porter and Rab 2010  

Boko 2008 
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World Bank 2004 
Herzberg 2004 
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Subbarao, and Milazzo 2009; India Ministry of Rural Development 2005, 2010; Blum and LeBleu 2010
Giovine and others 2010; Arai, Cissé, and Sock 2010; Sayigh 2010  

Lockhart and Glencorse 2010; UNOPS 2009 
Wilson 2002; McLeod and Dávalos 2008; Centre for Good Governance 2009; India Ministry of Rural 
Development 2005, 2010
del Ninno, Subbarao, and Milazzo 2009  

Lamb and Dye 2009; Tajima 2009 
Beasly 2006 
Cunningham and others 2008 
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IFC 2008 
Fearon 2010a 
|³'§º*“Gf±¢Hӕ+f„€G*Ó©„€©)|G*ӄ9Kf’º*H»fŒG*µj©ž¡kG*¢<|M|•-2*a<(* –M|Dm*4Kf„HEades, 1999 
f©•M|D&*i§¡/µª¡:§G*i~¸*Kª•M|D&¶*ª¡:§G*
Snyder 2000; Fearon and Laitin 2003; Epstein and others 2006; Goldstone and othersfnº*œ©g„6¨›<|‰I* 
—*|ŒG*4fž<(* ,2f<(¶ …8f¹* fŒG*…k’º*|‰I*—*|Œ›Gjg„€¡Gf+2010; Zakaria 2003; Mans¿eld and Snyder 2005
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j©<fžk/¶*mf0τ8(¶*j„Ef¡HKœ)fg•G*Ó+fž©Dmf<*~¡G*jM§„€-µf©wM4f-lHawk„6*aEKfHj©„¬E$*4K”f’†„8¶*
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j©If†MÊG*j<*3(¶*jc©J|‰I*2Ïg›G,aMa/j©Gf•kI*jH§˜04f©k1¶
(Robinsonªž›„€G*f•kIÏGª„€„6'§H4f„€H¼(*§„8§G*µl›„DaEm*|³'§º*…¬Œ+lIfFKf©ºf<¢˜M»vfq¡G*£&*Ò= 
1994; Clark 1994; van de Walle and Bratton 1997)
Harbom and Wallensteen 2010  

(Gadir, Elbadawi,|‰I* fŒGf+f+&*…€M2&*j©Ef’-f+l¤kI*Kµ£*2§„€G*µ¼K&¶*j©›J&¶*i|¸*m&*a+f©wM4f- 
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(Harbom and Wallensteen¨k0}€t¡-»K¨k0LʘG*j©›J&¶*i|¸*jgk<¼(*“¡ŒG*¢HjF|Œº*mf©DK
2010)
See also Horowitz 2000; Barron and others 2010  

OECD 2010c, 24 
OECD 2010a 
Narayan and Petesch 2010 
Narayan and Petesch 2010 
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Lustick, Miodownik, and Eidelson 2004; OECD 2004.)
Crook and Manor 1998  

Schelnberger 2005; Tukahebwa 2000 
Crook and Manor 1998; Ndegwa and Levy 2004 
Grimm 2010 
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Filippini 2009fnº*œ©g„6¨›<|‰I* 
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Estrada, 2010fnº*œ©g„6¨›<|‰I*jnMa0 fE4&*¨›<”§E§›G  

Roque and others 2010 
Hayner 2010; UNOHCHR 2006|‰I* 
de Greiff 2006|‰I* 
Mayer-Rieckh and de Greiff 2007|‰I* 
Huyse and Salter 2008fnº*œ©g„6¨›<|‰I* 
Roque and others 2010|‰I* 
Roque and others 2010|‰I* 
Svensson 2000|‰I* 
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j„‚w„‚¹jM§GK&¶*$f†<(*aM'§Mj„6*4aG*Ž§„9§H£*a›gG*xM4f-µÒn˜G*šf¡Jfž¡©+K4f„kI¶*jŒ„6*KjM4§’G*j„‚w„‚¹*
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Stewart 2010  

Mehta 2010, 23 
INEE 2010 
INEE 2010 
Betancourt and Williams 2008; Melville 2003 
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2010; Rohland and Cliffe 2002; Tulloch and others 2003
World Bank 2008c 
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Andrews 2010
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Quinn 2007; Dobbins and others 2005; Manning and Malbrough 2009; Moran and Pitcher 2004;53g…ƒ»+
Jones 2008; Cingranelli and Richards 2010; Brück, Fitzgerald, and Grigsby 2000; Cadeado and Hamela
2009; World Bank 2005b; Hume 1994; Morozzo Della Rocca 2003; Morozzo Della Rocca and Riccardi
.2003; Edis 1995; Alden 2001; Bartoli 2005; Walter 1997

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2010; OECD 2010c; Government of Afghanistan and UNDP 2010; World Bank 2005a, 2009a, 2010b,
. 2010j; Randel and Mowjee 2006
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Davies and others 2008; Meidan 2006 
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New York University Center on International Cooperation 2009  
Harvey and others 2010  
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2006
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.Wainwright 2005; Dinnen, Porter, and Sage 2010 
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.OECD-DAC 2007b 
. Harborne and others 2010 
.Chalmers 2007 
.Peixoto, Andrade, and Azevedo 2008 
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Azam, Devarajan, and O’ Connell 2002; Braütigam 2000
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Scanteam 2010; Garrasi 2010 
OECD 2010i; Scanteam 2010; Garrasi 2010 
Boyce and Forman 2010 –
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Harbom and Wallensteen 2010 |‰I* 
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Giovine and others 2010; Dwan and Bailey 2006; Jahr 2010; Government of the Republic of Liberia Executive53g…ƒ»+
.Mansion 2009; Hubbard 2005; Mosse 2007; De Wulf and Sokol 2004; Crown Agents 2007

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

  

  


  

   
  
    
 

 
  
  




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 ˆCC/*yµ*

The word processed describes informally reproduced works that may not be commonly available
through libraries.

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 ŽDD0+}»+

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